Arvinder Sandhu

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Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Chapters

• Binder, R., Roberts, A., Kwong, N., Sandhu, A. S., & Everitt, H. (2017). Nonlinear saddle point spectroscopy and electron-phonon interaction in graphene. In OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE.

Journals/Publications

• Brasington, A., Liu, S., Taniguchi, T., Watanabe, K., Edgar, J. H., LeRoy, B. J., & Sandhu, A. (2022). Phonon Lifetimes in Boron-Isotope-Enriched Graphene- Hexagonal Boron Nitride Devices. Physica Status Solidi (RRL) Rapid Research Letters, 16(6), 2200030.
• Plunkett, A., Alarcón, M. A., Wood, J. K., Greene, C. H., & Sandhu, A. (2022). Raman Interferometry between Autoionizing States to Probe Ultrafast Wave-Packet Dynamics with High Spectral Resolution. Physical Review Letters, 128(8), 083001.
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  Photoelectron interferometry with femtosecond and attosecond light pulses is a powerful probe of the fast electron wave-packet dynamics, albeit it has practical limitations on the energy resolution. We show that one can simultaneously obtain both high temporal and spectral resolution by stimulating Raman interferences with one light pulse and monitoring the modification of the electron yield in a separate step. Applying this spectroscopic approach to the autoionizing states of argon, we experimentally resolved its electronic composition and time evolution in exquisite detail. Theoretical calculations show remarkable agreement with the observations and shed light on the light-matter interaction parameters. Using appropriate Raman probing and delayed detection steps, this technique enables highly sensitive probing and control of electron dynamics in complex systems.
• Shalaby, I., Chakraborty, N., Yanez-Pagans, S., Wood, J., Biswas, D., & Sandhu, A. (2022). Probing ultrafast excited-state dynamics using EUV-IR six-wave-mixing emission spectroscopy. Optics express, 30(26), 46520-46527.
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  Non-linear processes such as four-wave-mixing have become instrumental in attosecond EUV spectroscopy. Using EUV high harmonics in conjunction with collinear near-infrared and mid-infrared fields, we extended this approach to high-order-mixing between three colors. Specifically, we find that atomic resonances in neon exhibit a significant cross section for six-wave mixing. The MIR probe frequency tunability in our multicolor scheme is employed to access several optically dark resonances and probe the quantum beat of a coherent electronic wavepacket using background-free EUV emission as a diagnostic. This technique can be easily extended to other atomic and molecular systems, and opens the door to multi-dimensional non-linear spectroscopy.
• Yanez-Pagans, S. .., Cariker, C., Shaikh, M., Argenti, L., & Sandhu, A. (2022). Multipolariton control in attosecond transient absorption of autoionizing states. Phys. Rev. A, 105, 063107.
• Harkema, N., Cariker, C., Lindroth, E., Argenti, L., & Sandhu, A. (2021). Autoionizing Polaritons in Attosecond Atomic Ionization. Physical review letters, 127(2), 023202.
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  Light-induced states and Autler-Townes splitting of laser-coupled states are common features in the photoionization spectra of laser-dressed atoms. The entangled light-matter character of metastable Autler-Townes multiplets, which makes them autoionizing polaritons, however, is still largely unexplored. We employ attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy in argon to study the formation of polariton multiplets between the 3s^{-1}4p and several light-induced states. We measure a controllable stabilization of the polaritons against ionization, in excellent agreement with ab initio theory. Using an extension of the Jaynes-Cummings model to autoionizing states, we show that this stabilization is due to the destructive interference between the Auger decay and the radiative ionization of the polaritonic components. These results give new insights into the optical control of electronic structure in the continuum and unlock the door to applications of radiative stabilization in metastable polyelectronic systems.
• Lin, Y. C., Fidler, A. P., Sandhu, A., Lucchese, R. R., McCurdy, C. W., Leone, S. R., & Neumark, D. M. (2021). Coupled nuclear-electronic decay dynamics of O inner valence excited states revealed by attosecond XUV wave-mixing spectroscopy. Faraday discussions, 228(0), 537-554.
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  Multiple Rydberg series converging to the O2+c4Σ-u state, accessed by 20-25 eV extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light, serve as important model systems for the competition between nuclear dissociation and electronic autoionization. The dynamics of the lowest member of these series, the 3sσg state around 21 eV, has been challenging to study owing to its ultra-short lifetime (
• , W. S., , S. L., , D. D., , P. F., , M. H., , B. D., , L. E., , J. L., , J. C., , E. A., , R. K., , X. S., , S. W., & , A. S. (2020). Nanopatterned electron beams for temporal coherence and deterministic phase control of x-ray free-electron lasers.
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  We demonstrate the ability to create electron beams with high-contrast,nanometer-scale density modulations as a first step toward developing fullcontrol of the phase fronts of an x-ray free-electron laser. The nanopatternedelectron beams are produced by diffracting electrons through thinsingle-crystal silicon membranes that are lithographically patterned todifferent thicknesses. For transform-limited x-ray production the desiredpattern is a series of regularly spaced lines (i.e. a grating) that generateuniformly spaced nanobunches of electrons, however nearly any pattern can beetched in the silicon, such as frequency-chirps or multiple patterns ofdifferent colors or line spacings. When these patterns are transferred from thespatial to the temporal dimension by accelerator electromagnetic optics theywill control the phase fronts of coherent x-rays, giving unprecedenteddeterministic control over the phase of ultrashort x-ray pulses. In short, thismethod allows the time-structure for a fully coherent x-ray beam to begenerated from a pattern written on a semiconductor wafer by lithography.[Journal_ref: ]
• Brasington, A., Golla, D., Dave, A., Chen, B., Tongay, S., Schaibley, J., LeRoy, B. J., & Sandhu, A. (2020). Role of defects and phonons in bandgap dynamics of monolayer WS2 at high carrier densities. Journal of Physics: Materials, 4(1), 015005.
• Tilton, S., Tantawi, S., Spence, J. C., Sandhu, A., Nanni, E. A., Messerschmidt, M., Malin, L., Holl, M. M., Graves, W., & Fromme, P. (2020). The ASU Compact XFEL Project. Bulletin of the American Physical Society.
• Waldrip, D., Sandhu, A., Plunkett, A., & Greene, C. H. (2020). Angle-and-time resolved photoionization of neutral Rydberg wave packets in Argon. Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2020.
• Harkema, N., Plunkett, A., & Sandhu, A. (2019). Tunable high-order frequency mixing for XUV transient absorption and photoelectron spectroscopies. OPTICS EXPRESS, 27(21), 31053-31061.
• Plunkett, A., Harkema, N., Lucchese, R. R., McCurdy, C. W., & Sandhu, A. (2019). Ultrafast Rydberg-state dissociation in oxygen: Identifying the role of multielectron excitations. PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 99(6).
• Harkema, N., Baekhoj, J. E., Liao, C., Gaarde, M. B., Schafer, K. J., & Sandhu, A. (2018). Controlling attosecond transient absorption with tunable, non-commensurate light fields. OPTICS LETTERS, 43(14), 3357-3360.
• Golla, D., Brasington, A., LeRoy, B. J., & Sandhu, A. (2017). Ultrafast relaxation of hot phonons in graphene-hBN heterostructures. APL MATERIALS, 5(5).
• Huang, S., Yankowitz, M., Chattrakun, K., Sandhu, A., & LeRoy, B. J. (2017). Evolution of the electronic band structure of twisted bilayer graphene upon doping. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 7.
• Liao, C., Li, X., Haxton, D. J., Rescigno, T. N., Lucchese, R. R., McCurdy, C. W., & Sandhu, A. (2017). Probing autoionizing states of molecular oxygen with XUV transient absorption: Electronic-symmetry-dependent line shapes and laser-induced modifications. PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 95(4).
• Sandhu, A. S., & Liao, C. (2017). XUV Transient Absorption Spectroscopy: Probing Laser-Perturbed Dipole Polarization in Single Atom, Macroscopic, and Molecular Regimes. PHOTONICS, 4, 17.
• Binder, R., Roberts, A. T., Kwong, N. H., Sandhu, A., & Everitt, H. O. (2016). Global k-space analysis of electron-phonon interaction in graphene and application to M-point spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 93(8).
• Liao, C., Sandhu, A., Camp, S., Schafer, K. J., & Gaarde, M. B. (2016). Attosecond transient absorption in dense gases: Exploring the interplay between resonant pulse propagation and laser-induced line-shape control. PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 93(3).
• Shivaram, N., Tong, X., Timmers, H., & Sandhu, A. (2016). Attosecond quantum-beat spectroscopy in helium. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, 49(5).
• Liao, C., Sandhu, A., Camp, S., Schafer, K. J., & Gaarde, M. B. (2015). Beyond the Single-Atom Response in Absorption Line Shapes: Probing a Dense, Laser-Dressed Helium Gas with Attosecond Pulse Trains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 114(14).
• Aryanpour, K., Roberts, A., Sandhu, A., Rathore, R., Shukla, A., & Mazumdar, S. (2014). Subgap two-photon states in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Evidence for strong electron correlations. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118(6), 3331-3339.
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  Abstract: Strong electron correlation effects in the photophysics of quasi-one-dimensional π-conjugated organic systems such as polyenes, polyacetylenes, polydiacetylenes, etc., have been extensively studied. Far less is known on correlation effects in two-dimensional π-conjugated systems. Here we present theoretical and experimental evidence for moderate repulsive electron-electron interactions in a number of finite polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules with D6h symmetry. We show that the excited state orderings in these molecules are reversed relative to that expected within one-electron and mean-field theories. Our results reflect similarities as well as differences in the role and magnitude of electron correlation effects in these two-dimensional molecules compared to those in polyenes. © 2014 American Chemical Society.
• Roberts, A. T., Binder, R., Kwong, N. H., Golla, D., Cormode, D., LeRoy, B. J., Everitt, H. O., & Sandhu, A. (2014). Optical characterization of electron-phonon interactions at the saddle point in graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 112(18), 187401.
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  The role of many-body interactions is experimentally and theoretically investigated near the saddle point absorption peak of graphene. The time and energy-resolved differential optical transmission measurements reveal the dominant role played by electron-acoustic phonon coupling in band structure renormalization. Using a Born approximation for electron-phonon coupling and experimental estimates of the dynamic lattice temperature, we compute the differential transmission line shape. Comparing the numerical and experimental line shapes, we deduce the effective acoustic deformation potential to be Deff(ac)≃5  eV. This value is in accord with recent theoretical predictions but differs from those extracted using electrical transport measurements.
• Timmers, H., Li, Z., Shivaram, N., Santra, R., Vendrell, O., & Sandhu, A. (2014). Coherent electron hole dynamics near a conical intersection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 113(11), 113003.
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  The coherent evolution of an electron hole in a photoionized molecule represents an unexplored facet of charge transfer phenomena occurring in complex systems. Using ultrafast extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy, we investigate the real-time dynamics of an electron hole wave packet created near a conical intersection in CO_{2}. We resolve the oscillation of the electron hole density between σ and π character, driven by the coupled bending and asymmetric stretch vibrations of the molecule. We also quantify the mixing between electron hole configurations and find that the wave packet coherence diminishes with time due to thermal dephasing.
• Chattrakun, K., Huang, S., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Sandhu, A., & LeRoy, B. (2013). Gate dependent Raman spectroscopy of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride. J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 25, 505304.
• Golla, D., Chattrakun, K., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., LeRoy, B. J., & Sandhu, A. (2013). Optical thickness determination of hexagonal boron nitride flakes. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 102(16).
• Shivaram, N., Timmers, H., Tong, X., & Sandhu, A. (2013). Photoionization dynamics in the presence of attosecond pulse trains and strong fields. CHEMICAL PHYSICS, 414, 139-148.
• Timmers, H., Shivaram, N., & Sandhu, A. (2012). A Direct Measurement of the Dissociative Lifetimes for Superexcited States of Molecular Oxygen. Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 43.
• Timmers, H., Shivaram, N., Sandhu, A. S., Roberts, A., & Huang, D. (2012). A low-cost spatial light modulator for use in undergraduate and graduate optics labs. American Journal of Physics, 80(3), 211-215. doi:10.1119/1.3666834
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  Spatial light modulators (SLMs) are a versatile tool for teaching optics, but the cost associated with an SLM setup prevents its adoption in many undergraduate and graduate optics labs. We describe a simple method for creating a low-cost SLM by extracting components from a commercial LCD projector. We demonstrate the pedagogical applications of this SLM design by providing examples of its use in teaching diffraction and interference phenomena. We also discuss an SLM’s potential as a research tool in graduate labs. In particular, we demonstrate its use in holography and in the generation of optical vortices.

Proceedings Publications

• Golla, D., Brasington, A., LeRoy, B. J., & Sandhu, A. (2017, May). Ultrafast Phonon Dynamics in Graphene-hBN Structures. In 2017 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO).
• Liao, C., Harkema, N., & Sandhu, A. (2017, May). Control of Laser Induced Couplings in Autoionizing States by XUV Transient Absorption. In 2017 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO).
• Liao, C., Harkema, N., & Sandhu, A. (2017, May). Investigating Impulsive Strong Field Perturbation of Molecular Rydberg States with XUV Transient Absorption. In 2017 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO).
• Binder, R., Roberts, A., Kwong, N. H., Sandhu, A., & Everitt, H. O. (2016, May). Global k-Space Analysis of Electron-Phonon Interaction in Graphene. In 2016 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO).

Presentations

• Sandhu, A. (2022). Advances in measurement and control of electron dynamics in the continuum. ATTO 2022. Orlando, FL.
• Sandhu, A. (2022). Controlling atomic ionization with attosecond techniques. Scientific Opportunities with Attosecond Lasers (SOAL 2022).
• Sandhu, A. (2022, (Jan 14, 2022).). Autoionizing Polaritons and Coherent Control in the Continuum. Physics of Quantum Electronics (PQE 2022) Snowbird UT, USA.
• Sandhu, A. (2021, (July 20, 2021)). Optical Control of Autoionizing Polaritons in Attosecond Spectroscopy. 29th Annual Laser Physics Workshop (LPHYS 2021).
• Sandhu, A. (2021, April). Attosecond Science: Resolving the electron dance. Colloquium , Sacramento State.
• Sandhu, A. (2021, February). Probing electronic processes with attosecond XUV pulse trains. International Conference on Recent Trends in Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology.
• Sandhu, A. (2021, March). Probing coupled electron-nuclear dynamics. Physical Chemistry Seminar, University of Arizona.
• Sandhu, A. (2020, December). Resonant Pulse Propagation in the X-ray regime. Non-linear multidimensional methodologies for studying basic energy science: LCLS Workshop.
• Sandhu, A. (2020, January). Probing electronic couplings with XUV transient spectroscopy. Physics of Quantum Electronics (PQE 2020).
• Sandhu, A. (2020, June). Quantifying light-induced linear and nonlinear couplings with tunable transient absorption and four-wave-mixing. 51st Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2019, December). Attosecond spectroscopy of multielectron excitations and non-adiabatic molecular dynamics. International Conference on Atomic, Molecular, Optical & Nano Physics with Applications, Delhi.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2019, Feb). Ultrafast XUV spectroscopy of many-body interactions. Max Born Institute of Nonlinear Optics, Berlin.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2019, January). Multi-electron excitation and dissociation pathways in oxygen. Physics of Quantum Electronics (PQE 2019) Snowbird UT.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2019, June). Ultrafast XUV Spectroscopy to probe conical intersections and excited state dynamics. 74th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy, Champaign-Urbana.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2019, March). Probing electron-nuclear couplings and relaxation dynamics of multi-electron states. ICFO – The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, Spain.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2019, Spring). Pump-probe spectroscopy of many-body dynamics in 2D materials. Compact X-ray FEL Workshop: Light on the Quantum Leap. Tempe, AZ: Arizona State University.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2018, January). New table-top X-ray generation schemes: Examples from HHG and Compact XFEL. Physics of Quantum Electronics (PQE 2018) Snowbird UT.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2018, July). Attosecond X-ray Science Tools and applications. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2018, July). Controlling attosecond transient absorption with tunable, non-commensurate light fields. Attosecond and free electron laser science conference 2018, University College London, UK.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2018, March). Time-resolved energy and fluence dependent carrier dynamics in MoS2 and WS2. APS March Meeting, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2018, May). Attosecond Transient Absorption and Four-Wave Mixing with Tunable IR Pulses. CLEO 2018, San Jose, California, USA.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2018, October). Attosecond X-ray Science: Probing electron dynamics in molecules and materials. APS 4CS meeting, Salt Lake City, UT.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2017, December). Attosecond X-ray Science: Mapping electronic and structural dynamics in molecules and materials. Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2017, Fall). Strong-field modification of electronic couplings. Workshop on Trends in Ultrafast Laser Science. JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2017, Spring). Laser modification of molecular autoionizing states: The role of electronic symmetry. Physics of Quantum Electronics (PQE 2017) Snowbird UT. UT.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2017, Spring). Probing Electronic Couplings with Attosecond Spectroscopy. Workshop on Frontier of Attosecond Science and Technology with Max Planck Society, Germany. IISER Mohali, India: Max Planck Society, Germany.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2016, January). INVITED: XUV attosecond transient absorption in molecules and dense systems. Physics of Quantum Electronics (PQE 2016). Snowbird UT.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2016, March). Attosecond XUV Transient Absorption in Dense Systems: Interplay between Strong-field Effects and Resonant Pulse Propagation. High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena, OSA Congress. Long Beach CA.
• Sandhu, A., & Liao, C. (2016, June). Observing Superexcited State Dynamics in Atomic and Molecular Systems by Attosecond Transient Absorption. APS DAMOP Conference.
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  Invited Talk,June 2-6, 2014
• Binder, R., Roberts, A., Kwong, N., Sandhu, A. S., & Everitt, H. (2015, August). Electron-phonon interaction in graphene: a global k-space point of view. Fundamental Optical Processes in Semiconductors (FOPS). Breckenridge, CO.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2015, April). COLLOQUIUM: Attosecond spectroscopy: Electron dynamics in complex systems. Colloquium. Manhattan KS: Physics Department, Kansas State University..
• Sandhu, A. S. (2015, February). INVITED: Probing non-adiabatic, coupled electron dynamics in polyatomic molecules. LCLS-II Scientific Opportunities: Chemistry Workshop. Menlo Park, CA: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2015, January). INVITED: Probing complex electron hole dynamics in polyatomics with XUV attosecond spectroscopy. Physics of Quantum Electronics (PQE 2015). Snowbird UT.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2015, July). Investigation of Non-adiabatic Molecular Dynamics with Attosecond Transient Absorption. Nonlinear Optics. Kuaui, HI.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2015, March). COLLOQUIUM: Attosecond Science: Probing electron dynamics in complex systems. Colloquium. Atlanta GA: Physics Department, Georgia Institute of Technology..
• Sandhu, A. S. (2015, May). Using Attosecond Transient Absorption to Study Non-Adiabatic Molecular Dynamics. CLEO:QELS Conference. San Jose.
• Sandhu, A. S. (2015, October). INVITED: Attosecond spectroscopy: Application in study of conical intersections. American Physical Society 4-corners meeting. Phoenix, AZ: American Physical Society.
• Golla, D., Binder, R., Kwong, N., Roberts, A., Cormode, D., Yankowich, M., LeRoy, B., Everitt, H., & Sandhu, A. (2014, October). Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy and microscopy of graphene and graphene heterostructures. Frontiers in Optics/Laser Science 2014. Tucson AZ.
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  Oct 21, 2014Presented by D. Golla
• Huang, S., Chattrakun, K., Yankowich, M., Sandhu, A., & LeRoy, B. (2014, March). Gated Raman Spectroscopy of Twisted Bilayer Graphene. APS March Meeting 2014. Denver CO.
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  March 3-6. Presented by S. Huang
• Liao, C., Timmers, H., & Sandhu, A. (2014, October). Attosecond Transient Absorption: Spectral Lineshapes in Laser-dressed Atoms and Molecules. Frontiers in Optics/Laser Science 2014. Tucson, AZ.
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  Oct 21, 2014Presented by C Liao
• Roberts, A. T., Binder, R., Kwong, N. H., Golla, D., Cormode, D., LeRoy, B. J., Everitt, H. O., & Sandhu, A. (2014, June). Probing Electron-Phonon Interactions at the Saddle Point in Graphene. CLEO 2014. San Jose CA.
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  June 8 - 13, 2014
• Roberts, A. T., Binder, R., Kwong, N. H., Golla, D., Cormode, D., LeRoy, B. J., Everitt, H. O., & Sandhu, A. (2014, October). INVITED: Probing Electron-Phonon Interactions at the Saddle Point in Graphene. Frontiers in Optics/Laser Science 2014.
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  Invited Talk
• Sandhu, A. (2014, June). INVITED Discussion: New attosecond measurement techniques. Gordon Research Conference on Multiphoton processes. Waltham, MA.
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  Invited TalkJune 2-6, 2014
• Sandhu, A. (2014, September). COLLOQUIUM: Attosecond Spectroscopy of Complex Systems. College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona. Tucson, AZ.
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  September 23, 2014
• Shivaram, N., Timmers, H., Tong, X., & Sandhu, A. (2014, October). Attosecond Quantum Beat Spectroscopy. Frontiers in Optics/Laser Science 2014. Tucson, AZ.
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  Oct 21, 2014Presented by C Liao
• Timmers, H., Bourgeois, M., Li, Z., Shivaram, N., Santra, R., Vendrell, O., & Sandhu, A. (2014, October). Attosecond Probing of Charge Transfer Reactions in Polyatomic Molecules. Frontiers in Optics/Laser Science 2014. Tucson, AZ.
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  Oct 21, 2014Presented by H Timmers
• Timmers, H., Li, Z., Shivaram, N., Santra, R., Vendrell, O., & Sandhu, A. (2014, February). INVITED: Investigation of electron hole dynamics near a conical intersection. Gordon Research Conference on Photoionization and Photodetachment. Galveston TX.
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  Invited TalkFebruary 23-28, 2014. Presented by H Timmers
• Timmers, H., Li, Z., Shivaram, N., Santra, R., Vendrell, O., & Sandhu, A. (2014, June). INVITED: Probing coherence electron hole dynamics near conical intersections. APS DAMOP Conference. Madison WI.
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  Invited Talk,June 2-6, 2014
• Timmers, H., Li, Z., Shivaram, N., Santra, R., Vendrell, O., & Sandhu, A. (2014, November). Attosecond spectroscopy to probe electron couplings. DoD MURI kick off meeting. UC Berkeley.
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  Invited Talk for DoD MURI kick off meeting/workshop

Poster Presentations

• Golla, D., Yankowich, M., Sandhu, A., & LeRoy, B. (2014, February). Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy and microscopy of graphene and graphene heterostructures. Gordon Research Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena in Cooperative Systems. Ventura, CA.
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  Dates: 02/02-02/07; Presented by D. Golla

Case Studies

• Sandhu, A. S. (2016. Ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy of Quantum Materials(p. 1).
• Sandhu, A. S. (2015. NEW SCIENCE OPPORTUNITIES ENABLED BY LCLS-II X-RAY LASERS(pp 9-32).