Bruce Johnson

Interests

Teaching

environmental learning; earth education; science teaching in elementary classrooms

Research

environmental learning; earth education; ecological understandings; environmental attitudes & values; environmental behaviors/actions; program evaluation; learning environments

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Books

• Johnson, B., & Wohlers, L. (2003). Earth education: Eim programmatischer Ansatz zum Erfahrungslernen.. Lüneburg, Germany: Institut Für Erlebnispadagogik.
• Van, M. S., & Johnson, B. (2000). Sonnenschiff III: Wahrnehmung und Entscheidung f\"ur die bevorstehende Reise. Inst. for Earth Education.
• Van Matre, S., & Johnson, B. (1997). Sunship III: Perception and choice for the journey ahead. Institute for Earth Education.
• Van Matre, S., Johnson, B., & Bires, F. (1990). Conceptual Encounters II. The Institute for Earth Education.
• Van Matre, S., & Johnson, B. (1988). Earthkeepers. Four Keys for Helping Young People Live in Harmony with the Earth.. The Institute for Earth Education.
• Van, M. S., & Johnson, B. (1988). Earthkeepers. Four Keys for Helping Young People Live in Harmony with the Earth.. ERIC.
• Van Matre, S., Johnson, B., Soloway, E., & Bires, F. (1987). Conceptual Encounters I. The Institute for Earth Education.

Chapters

• \v{C}in\v{c}era, J., & Johnson, B. (2021). Conceptual learning in outdoor environmental education programs. In Real World Learning in Outdoor Environmental Education Programs: The Practice from the Perspective of Educational Research(pp 107--118). Masaryk University.
• \v{C}in\v{c}era, J., Johnson, B., & Kroufek, R. (2021). Values in outdoor environmental education programs: Between education and advocacy. In Real World Learning in Outdoor Environmental Education Programs: The Practice from the Perspective of Educational Research(pp 73--90). Masaryk University.
• \v{C}in\v{c}era, J., Kolenat\`y, M., Kroufek, R., & Johnson, B. (2021). Framing outdoor experiences in outdoor environmental education programs. In Real World Learning in Outdoor Environmental Education Programs: The Practice from the Perspective of Educational Research(pp 59--72). Masaryk University.
• \v{C}in\v{c}era, J., Kroufek, R., & Johnson, B. (2021). Experiential learning in outdoor environmental education programs: A source of learning and confusion. In Real World Learning in Outdoor Environmental Education Programs: The Practice from the Perspective of Educational Research(pp 91--106). Masaryk University.
• \v{C}in\v{c}era, J., Kroufek, R., & Johnson, B. (2021). Outdoor environmental education programs from the perspective of the participating students and the accompanying teachers. In Real World Learning in Outdoor Environmental Education Programs: The Practice from the Perspective of Educational Research(pp 119--132). Masaryk University.
• \v{C}in\v{c}era, J., \v{S}imonov\'a, P., Johnson, B., & Kroufek, R. (2021). Power and empowerment in outdoor environmental education programs. In Real World Learning in Outdoor Environmental Education Programs: The Practice from the Perspective of Educational Research(pp 43--57). Masaryk University.
• Johnson, C. (2020). Earth Education. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. Oxford University Press.
• Johnson, B., & Manoli, C. C. (2010). The impact of methodological practices in research and evaluation in environmental learning.. In Diversity in environmental education research.(pp 43-64). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
• Johnson, B. (2007). Education and research for sustainable living.. In Sustainable communities, sustainable environments.(pp 85-96). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
• Johnson, B., & Roberts, E. (2004). Science in public schools: What is it and who is it for?. In Defending public schools: Curriculum continuity and change in the 21st century.(pp 61-75). Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.
• Johnson, B. (2003). Die Rolle van Erlebnissen beim Verstehen, Fühlen & Umsetzen. In Earth education: Ein programmatischer Beitrag zum Erfahrungslernen(pp 5-14). Lüneburg, Germany: Institut Für Erlebnispadagogik.
• Johnson, B., & Wohlers, L. (2003). Einleitung.. In Earth education: Ein programmatischer Beitrag zum Erfahrungslernen(pp 3-4). Lüneburg, Germany: Institut Für Erlebnispadagogik.
• Wohlers, L., & Johnson, B. (2003). Earth education: Eim programmatischer Ansatz zum Erfahrungslernen.. In Earth education: Ein programmatischer Beitrag zum Erfahrungslernen(pp 16-25). Lüneburg, Germany: Institut Für Erlebnispadagogik.

Journals/Publications

• Doyle, W., & Johnson, B. (2023). Interpersonal Spaces in Teacher Education.
• Johnson, B., Felix, L., Buxner, S., & Manoli, C. C. (2023). ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTIONS THROUGH THE LENSE OF DIFERENT THEORETICAL MODELS: 2-MEV VS NEP.
• Baierl, T., Johnson, B., & Bogner, F. X. (2022). Informal Earth Education: Significant Shifts for Environmental Attitude and Knowledge. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 819899--819899.
• \v{C}in\v{c}era, J., & Johnson, B. (2022). Earthkeepers: The Relationship between Instructional Strategies on the Program Outcomes. Envigogika, 17(1).
• Baierl, F. X. (2021). Assessing environmental attitudes and cognitive achievement within 9 years of informal earth education.. Sustainability, 13.
• Baierl, F. X. (2021). Biosphere 2 as an informal learning platform to assess motivation, fascination, and cognitive achievement for sustainability.. Studies in Educational Evaluation.
• Cincera, J., Zalesak, J., Kolenaty, M., Simonova, P., & Johnson, B. (2021). We love them anyway: outdoor environmental education programs from the accompanying teachers’ perspective. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 24(3), 243--257.
• Johnson, B., & \v{C}in\v{c}era, J. (2021). Relationships between outdoor environmental education program characteristics and children’s environmental values and behaviors. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 1--18.
• Johnson, B., & Činčera, J. (2021).

  Relationships between outdoor environmental education program characteristics and children’s environmental values and behaviors

  . Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 1-18. doi:10.1080/14729679.2021.2001756
• Torkar, G., Debevec, V., Johnson, B., & Manoli, C. C. (2021). Vrednotenje otrokovih okoljskih svetovnih nazorov in skrbi. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 11(1), 49--65.
• \v{C}in\v{c}era, J., Johnson, B., Kroufek, R., Kolenat\`y, M., \v{S}imonov\'a, P., & Z\'ale\v{s}\'ak, J. (2021). Real World Learning in Outdoor Environmental Education Programs. The Practice from the Perspective of Educational Research.
• Johnson, B., Cincera, J., & Kroufek, R. (2020).

  Outdoor environmental education programme leaders’ theories of experiential learning

  . Cambridge Journal of Education, 50(6), 729-745. doi:10.1080/0305764x.2020.1770693
• Johnson, B., Cincera, J., Simonova, P., & Kroufek, R. (2020).

  Empowerment in outdoor environmental education: who shapes the programs?

  . Environmental Education Research, 26(12), 1690-1706. doi:10.1080/13504622.2020.1814205
• Torkar, C. (2020). Assessing children’s environmental worldviews and concerns.. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal.
• \v{C}in\v{c}era, B. (2020). Empowerment in outdoor environmental education: Who shapes the programs?. Environmental Education Research.
• \v{C}in\v{c}era, P. (2020). Frames in outdoor environmental education programs: What we communicate and why we think it matters.. Sustainability, 12(4451).
• \v{C}in\v{c}era, P. (2020). Values education in outdoor environmental education programs from the perspective of practitioners.. Sustainability, 12(4700).
• \v{C}in\v{c}era, R. (2020). Outdoor environmental program leaders’ theories of experiential learning. Cambridge Journal of Education.
• Johnson, J. (2019). Development of the ecological concepts of energy flow and materials cycling in middle school students participating in earth education programs.. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 63, 94--101.
• Manoli, F. X. (2019). Measuring environmental perceptions grounded on different theoretical models: The 2 Major Environmental Values (2-MEV) Model in comparison with the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) Scale.. Sustainability, 11(5).
• Regmi, B. (2019). Analyzing the environmental attitude of rural Nepalese children by validating the 2-MEV model.. Sustainability, 12(164).
• Bogner, F., Bogner, F. X., Johnson, B., Johnson, B., Buxner, S., Buxner, S., Felix, L., & Felix, L. (2015). The 2-MEV model: Constancy of adolescent environmental values within an 8-year time frame. International Journal of Science Education, 37, 1938--1952.
• Cincera, J., Johnson, B., & Kovacikova, S. (2015). Evaluation of a place-based environmental education program: From there to here. Applied Environmental Education \& Communication, 14(3), 178--186.
• Cincera, J., Johnson, B., Kovacikova, S., & others, . (2015). Evaluation of a Place-Based Environmental Education Program: From There to Here. Applied Environmental Education and Communication.
• Johnson, B., & Cincera, J. (2015). Examining the relationship between environmental attitudes and behaviour in education programmes. Socialni Studia, 12(3), 97-111.
• Johnson, B., & \v{C}in\v{c}era, J. (2015). Examining the relationship between environmental attitudes and behaviour in education programmes. Soci\'aln\'\i studia/Social Studies, 12(3), 97--111.
• Schneller, A. J., Johnson, B., & Bogner, F. X. (2015). Measuring children’s environmental attitudes and values in northwest Mexico: Validating a modified version of measures to test the Model of Ecological Values (2-MEV). Environmental Education Research, 21(1), 61--75.
• Manoli, C. C., Johnson, B., Hadjichambis, A. C., Hadjichambi, D., Georgiou, Y., & Ioannou, H. (2014). Evaluating the impact of the Earthkeepers Earth education program on children's ecological understandings, values and attitudes, and behaviour in Cyprus. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 41, 29--37.
• Cincera, J., & Johnson, B. (2013). Str\'a\vzci Zeme v Ceske republice: Zkuvsenost s implementaci programu vychovy o Zemi (Earthkeepers in the Czech republic: Experience from the implementation process.). Envigogika, 8(4), 1-14.
• Felix, L., & Johnson, B. (2013). Back in the classroom: Teacher follow-through after an earth education program.. Applied Environmental Education & Communication, 12(3), 187-196.
• Schneller, A., Johnson, B., & Bogner, F. (2013). Measuring children’s environmental attitudes and values in northwest Mexico: validating a modified version of measures to test the Model of Ecological Values (2-MEV). Environmental Education Research, 1--15.
• \v{C}in\v{c}era, J., & Johnson, B. (2013). Earthkeepers in the Czech Republic: Experience from the implementation process of an earth education programme. Envigogika, 8(4).
• Bailey, J. M., Johnson, B., Prather, E. E., & Slater, T. F. (2012). Development and validation of the star properties concept inventory. International Journal of Science Education, 34(14), 2257--2286.
• Johnson, B., & Manoli, C. C. (2010). The 2-MEV scale in the United States: a measure of children's environmental attitudes based on the theory of ecological attitude. The Journal of Environmental Education, 42(2), 84--97.
• Johnson, B., Roberts, E., & Wenger, M. (2010). Biosphere 2 Center Visitor Programs.
• Bailey, J. M., Prather, E. E., Johnson, B., & Slater, T. F. (2009). College students’ preinstructional ideas about stars and star formation. Astronomy Education Review, 8(1), 010110--010117.
• Bailey, J. M., Prather, E. E., Johnson, B., & Slater, T. F. (2009). College students’ preinstructional ideas about stars and star formation. Astronomy Education Review, 8(1), 1-17.
• JOHNSON, B., & Manoli, C. (2008). The Impact of Methodological Practices in Research and Evaluation in Environmental Learning.
• Johnson, B., & Manoli, C. C. (2008). Using Bogner and Wiseman’s Model of Ecological Values to measure the impact of an earth education programme on children’s environmental perceptions. Environmental education research, 14(2), 115--127.
• Johnson, B., & Manoli, C. C. (2008). Using Bogner and Wiseman’s model of ecological values to measure the impact of an earth education programme on children’s environmental perceptions. Environmental Education Research, 14(2), 115--127.
• Johnson, B., Stevens, J. J., & Zvoch, K. (2007). Teachers' Perceptions of School Climate: A Validity Study of Scores From the Revised School Level Environment Questionnaire. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 67, 883-844.
• Johnson, B., Stevens, J. J., & Zvoch, K. (2007). Teachers' perceptions of school climate: A validity study of scores from the Revised School Level Environment Questionnaire. Educational and psychological measurement, 67(5), 833--844.
• Manoli, C. C., Johnson, B., & Dunlap, R. E. (2007). Assessing children's environmental worldviews: Modifying and validating the New Ecological Paradigm Scale for use with children. The Journal of Environmental Education, 38(4), 3--13.
• Johnson, B., & Stevens, J. J. (2006). Student achievement and elementary teachers’ perceptions of school climate. Learning Environments Research, 9(2), 111--122.
• Jardine, D. W., Johnson, B., & Fawcett, L. (2005). Further thoughts on “Cutting Nature’s Leading Strings”: A conversation.. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 10, 52-61.
• Johnson, B., & McClure, R. (2004). Validity and reliability of a shortened, revised version of the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES). Learning Environments Research, 7(1), 65--80.
• Johnson, B. (2003). The role of experience in understanding, feeling, and processing.. Zeitschrift Für Erlebnispädagogik, 23(5/6), 5-13.
• Johnson, B., & Wohlers, L. (2003). Earth Education. Ein programmatischer Beitrag zum Erfahrungslernen. Zeitschrift f\"ur Erlebnisp\"adagogik Heft, 5, 6.
• Johnson, B., & Wohlers, L. (2003). Introduction to the special issue.. Zeitschrift Für Erlebnispädagogik, 23(5/6), 3-4.
• McClure, R., Johnson, B., & Jackson, D. (2003). Assessing the Effectiveness of a Student-Centered College Classroom..
• Wohlers, L., & Johnson, B. (2003). A programmatic approach: Purposeful experiences.. Zeitschrift Für Erlebnispädagogik, 23(5/6), 14-22.
• Davis, G., Simpson, P. R., Johnson, B., & Wallace, A. (2002). Getting to the Fourth Year: The Instruments and Protocols Used To Study the Practice of Beginning K-12 Science Teachers..
• Johnson, B., & Stevens, J. J. (2001). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the School Level Environment Questionnaire (SLEQ).. Learning Environments Research, 4(3), 325-344.
• McClure, R., Johnson, B., Jackson, D., & Hoff, J. (2000). Assessing the Constructivist Classroom..
• MATRE, S. v., & JOHNSON, B. (1998). Earthkeepers. Greenville: The Institut for Earth Education.
• Johnson, B. (1990). Earth Education: Learning to Live More Lightly on the Earth.. Journal of Experiential Education, 13(3), 38--41.

Proceedings Publications

• Bailey, J. M., Prather, E. E., Johnson, B., & Slater, T. F. (2006). Fusion Confusion: Assessing What Students Know (and Don’t Know) About Stars. In American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts, 209.
• Johnson, B. (2005). Earth Education Research. In Environmental Education Research Symposium Albuquerque, New Mexico.
• Carson, J., & Johnson, B. (2004). Attempting Environmental Education Reform: Initiation and Implementation of Programmatic, Outdoor Environmental Learning in Public School Curricula. In annual meeting of the International Outdoor Education Research Conference, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.
• Johnson, B., Carson, J., Richter, P., & Wohlers, L. (2004). Connecting Outdoor Learning Experiences to Our Schools and Our Homes: An International Study of Teachers' Understandings of Energy in Ecological Systems and In Our Lives. In School of Outdoor Education \& Environment: International Outdoor Education Research Conference [online].
• Davis, G., Simpson, P. R., Johnson, B., & Wallace, A. (2002, January). Getting to the fourth year: The instruments and protocols used to study the practice of beginning K-12 science teachers. In Association for the Education of Teachers in Science.

Presentations

• Felix, L., Johnson, B., Buxner, S., & Manoli, C. C. (2017, April). Measuring key components of the Competence Model for Environmental Education.. National Association of Research in Science Teaching. San Antonio, TX.
• Johnson, B., & Cincera, J. (2016, September). The development of ecological attitudes of children over five years as they participated in three earth education programs.. Eleventh Conference of European Researchers in Didactics of Biology. Karlstad, Sweden.
• Johnson, B., Manoli, C. C., & Buxner, S. (2016, September). Ecological values & connectedness to nature: Are we measuring different constructs?. Eleventh Conference of European Researchers in Didactics of Biology. Karlstad, Sweden.
• Manoli, C. C., Johnson, B., & Buxner, S. (2016, April). The Connectedness to Nature Scale: What does it measure?. American Educational Research Association. Washington, DC.
• Bogner, F. X., & Johnson, B. (2015, September). 2-MEV model: Green attitudes over the years.. 11th Conference of the European Science Education Research Association. Helsinki, Finland: European Science Education Research Association.
• Johnson, B., Hadjichambis, A., Mappouras, D., & Fe,ix, L. (2015, September). Using the Model of Ecological Values to investigate the environmental attitudes of young adolescents in Cyprus.. 11th Conference of the European Science Education Research Association. Helsinki, Finalnd: European Science Education Research Association.
• Buxner, S. R., Vezino, B., Bostic, E., Johnson, B., Sonam, T., & Olsen, J. K. (2014, April). Exploring how industry experiences impact teachers’ conceptions of relevancy and authenticity related to teaching practices. Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching. Pittsburg, PA.
• Jaksha, A., & Johnson, B. (2014, March). A new theoretical framework for researching environmental identity.. Annual Meeting of the National Association of Research in Science Teaching. Pittsburgh, PA.
• Johnson, B. (2014, August). Educación para la Tierra: Aprendiendo a Vivir más Livianamente en nuestro Planeta.. Primer Encuentro Nacional de Educación Ambiental para el Desarrollo Sostenible. Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
• Johnson, B. (2014, August). Revealing the hidden ways we use energy in our daily lives.. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. Sacramento, CA.
• Johnson, B. (2014, December). Magical Learning Adventures: Earth Education in Action.. Masaryk University, Department of Environmental Studies. Brno, Czech Republic.
• Johnson, B. (2014, January). Earthkeepers Leadership Workshop. Cooper Center for Environmental Learning. Tucson, AZ.
• Johnson, B. (2014, September). Earthkeepers Program Day.. Environmental Education Center Bohemian Paradise. Turnov, Czech Republic.
• Johnson, B. P. (2014, September). Earth education: Learning to live more lightly.. Centre for School and Outdoor Education. Škocjan, Slovenia.
• Johnson, B., & Činčera, J. (2014, September). Participation of Czech children in the Earthkeepers earth education programme.. European Conference on Educational Research. Porto, Portugal.
• Johnson, B., & Činčera, J. (2014, September). Teaching ecological concepts: Constructing understandings and connecting to the real world.. IXth IOSTE Symposium for Central and Eastern Europe: Science and Technology for the XXIst Century. Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
• Johnson, B., Felix, L., & Buxner, S. (2014, September). Ecological values across years, ages and locations.. Annual Conference of the Ecological Society of Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Hildescheim, Germany.
• Sonam, T., & Johnson, B. (2014, March). Tibetan Buddhist monastics studying western science: Negotiating Buddhist theology and western science.. Annual Meeting of the National Association of Research in Science Teaching. Pittsburgh, PA.
• Hadjichambis, A., Johnson, B., Manoli, C., D, M., & Felix, L. (2013, September). Conceptual understandings and environmental values on the basis of a new biology curriculum: National results from Cyprus.. 10th Conference of the European Science Education Research Association. Nicosia, Cyprus.
• Johnson, B. (2013, March). Earth education: Learning to live more lightly.. Environmental Education Session. Pucón, Chile.
• Johnson, B. (2013, March). Teacher preparation programs & issues, projects & people.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Valparaíso, Chile.
• Johnson, B. (2013, November). Connecting people to nature to develop sustainable lives: Magical learning adventures.. Science & Sustainability through Outdoor Learning Conference. Rateče, Slovenia.
• Johnson, B. (2013, November). Immersing children in the outdoors: Developing personal connections to nature through purposeful experiences.. Science & Sustainability through Outdoor Learning Conference. Rateče, Slovenia.
• Johnson, B. P. (2013, June). Bringing industry experiences back to the classroom.. Science and Mathematics Teacher Imperative National Conference. St. Louis, MO.
• Johnson, B. P. (2013, June). The university as a leader in a community-wide STEM effort.. Science and Mathematics Teacher Imperative National Conference. St. Louis, MO.
• Johnson, B., & Felix, L. (2013, November). Investigating children’s environmental values, identities and actions.. Southwest Consortium for Innovative Psychology in Education. Tucson, AZ.
• Johnson, B., Felix, L., & Manoli, C. C. (2013, September). Values and attitudes in earth education programs.. 10th Conference of the European Science Education Research Association. Nicosia, Cyprus.
• Manoli, C., Hadjichambis, A., Johnson, B., Hadjichambi, D., Georgiou, Y., Ioannou, H., & Felix, L. (2013, September). Empowering students and teachers towards the implementation of the new curriculum for sustainable development in Cyprus through earth education programs.. 10th Conference of the European Science Education Research Association. Nicosia, Cyprus.
• Manoli, C., Hadjichambis, A., Mappouras, D., & Johnson, B. (2013, April). New biology curriculum on the basis of a national educational reformation: The impact of an educational intervention on student’s conceptual understandings and environmental attitudes.. Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. San Francisco, CA.
• Doyle, W., & Johnson, B. (2012, April). Interpersonal spaces in teacher education.. International Conference on Interpersonal Relations in Education. Vancouver, Canada.
• Hadjichambis, A., Mappouras, D., Manoli, C., & Johnson, B. P. (2012, September). New biology curriculum: National results of an educational intervention.. 9th Conference of European Researchers in Didactics of Biology. Berlin, Germany.
• Johnson, B. (2012, January). From traditional environmental education to earth education.. Cyprus Ministry of Education Seminar on Environmental Education. Limassol, Cyprus.
• Johnson, B. (2012, September). Earth Eduction Workshop. Halmstad Nature School. Halmstad, Sweden.
• Johnson, B. (2012, September). Earthkeepers Leadership Workshop. Refugio Jumarre. Angrogna, Italy.
• Johnson, B. P. (2012, April). Values in environmental learning.. Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Vancouver, Canada.
• Johnson, B. P. (2012, September). Intervention of earth education programs with ecological values and actions.. Annual Conference of the Ecological Society of Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Lüneburg, Germany.
• Johnson, B., Schaub, E., Jaksha, A., & Manoli, C. (2012, March). Young Adolescents’ Views on Environmental Attitudes, Behaviors, and Identity: Seeking Truth, Adventure and Harmony.. Annual Meeting of the National Association of Research in Science Teaching. Indianapolis, IN.
• Manoli, C., Johnson, B. P., Hadjichambis, A., Paraskeve-Hadjichambi, D., & Georgiou, Y. (2012, March). Sustainability through the lens of earth education: Children’s ecological understandings and environmental attitudes.. Annual Meeting of the National Association of Research in Science Teaching. Indianapolis, IN.
• Manoli, C., Johnson, B., Hadjichambis, A., Paraskeve-Hadjichambi, D., Georgiou, Y., & Ioannou, H. (2012, November). Learning to live more lightly: Children’s understandings, attitudes and behavior in arid lands.. International Conference on Drylands, Deserts and Desertification. Sede Boqer, Isreal.
• Johnson, B., Carson, J., Richter, P., & Wohlers, L. (2004, July). Connecting Outdoor Learning Experiences to Our Schools and Our Homes: An International Study of Teachers' Understandings of Energy in Ecological Systems and In Our Lives. International Outdoor Education Research Conference. Bendigo, Australia.

Others

• International, O., Allin, L., Barker, M., Blades, G., Boyes, M., Brookes, A., Brown, M., Brymer, E., Burridge, P., Carson, J., & others, . (2004). Connections and Disconnections: Examining the Reality and Rhetoric. International Perspectives on Outdoor Education Theory and Practice.
• Johnson, B. (1998). The relationships between elementary school teachers' perceptions of school climate, student achievement, teacher characteristics, and community and school context.
• Van, M. S., & Johnson, B. (1997). Sunship III: Perception and choice for the journey ahead.