Che Carrie Liu

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Scholarly Contributions

Chapters

• Liu, C. C. (2022). Pediatric Otitis Media. In Oto Weekly Curriculum. Decker Med.
• Liu, C. C., & Shin, J. (2018). Evidence-Based Medicine: An Introduction. In Evidence-Based Management of Head and Neck Vascular Anomalies (1st Ed.)(pp 1-14). Springer International Publishing. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92306-2
• Liu, C. C., Rudmik, L., & Smith, T. (2015). Oral Antibiotics as Anti-Inflammatories. In Practical Medical and Surgical Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis(pp 235-251). Springer International Publishing. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16724-4

Journals/Publications

• Al Bahri, K., & Liu, C. C. (2021). Surveillance endoscopy in pediatric tracheostomy: A systematic review. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 140, 110533.
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  To systematically review the literature on the yield of surveillance airway endoscopy in pediatric patients with tracheostomies.
• Lam, A. S., Liu, C. C., Deutsch, G. H., Rivera, J., Perkins, J. A., Holmes, G., Jabs, E. W., Cunningham, M. L., & Dahl, J. P. (2021). Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of Tracheal Cartilaginous Sleeves and Fgfr2 Mutations in Mice. The Laryngoscope, 131(4), E1349-E1356.
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  To characterize tracheal cartilage morphology in mouse models of fibroblast growth factor receptor (Fgfr2)-related craniosynostosis syndromes. To establish relationships between specific Fgfr2 mutations and tracheal cartilaginous sleeve (TCS) phenotypes in these mouse models.
• Liu, C. C., Parikh, S. R., & Horn, D. L. (2020). Do Antivirals Improve Hearing Outcomes in Neonates With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection?. The Laryngoscope, 130(7), 1609-1612.
• Liu, C. C., Soares, J. J., Elder, L., Hill, L., Abts, M., Bonilla-Velez, J., Dahl, J. P., Johnson, K. E., Ong, T., Striegl, A. M., Whitlock, K., & Parikh, S. R. (2020). Surveillance endoscopy after tracheostomy placement in children: Findings and interventions. The Laryngoscope, 130(5), 1327-1332.
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  The Seattle Children's Hospital implemented the Trach Safe Initiative to improve airway safety in tracheostomy-dependent children (TDC). A key tenet of this initiative is surveillance endoscopy. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of abnormal airway changes in TDC, identify risk factors for these changes, and describe the frequency of airway interventions.
• Ong, T., Liu, C. C., Elder, L., Hill, L., Abts, M., Dahl, J. P., Evans, K. N., Parikh, S. R., Soares, J. J., Striegl, A. M., Whitlock, K. B., & Johnson, K. E. (2020). The Trach Safe Initiative: A Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce Mortality among Pediatric Tracheostomy Patients. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 163(2), 221-231.
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  To describe the Trach Safe Initiative and assess its impact on unanticipated tracheostomy-related mortality in outpatient tracheostomy-dependent children (TDC).
• Liu, C. C., Anne, S., & Horn, D. L. (2019). Advances in Management of Pediatric Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America, 52(5), 847-861.
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  The work-up and management of sensorineural hearing loss in children has been an area of rapid evolution. With the availability of genetic and cytomegalovirus testing, the diagnostic process is continuously refined. Aural rehabilitation should be provided to children in a timely manner. At present, the main surgical options for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss are bone conduction sound processors and cochlear implants. Investigations into modalities such as auditory brainstem implants are ongoing. With further technological and medical advancements, the evaluation and management of pediatric sensorineural hearing loss will undoubtedly continue to change.
• Liu, C. C., Chaput, K. H., Kirk, V., & Yunker, W. (2019). Overnight oximetry in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: a single center experience. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery, 48(1), 69.
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  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common indication for adenotonsillectomy in children. Home-based sleep oximetry continues to be used in the diagnosis of pediatric OSA despite a lack of correlation with lab-based polysomnography. This study investigates whether factors influence surgeons in selecting patients for home-based sleep oximetry, how the study findings are used in patient management, and whether abnormal oximetry findings are associated with post-operative complications.
• Liu, C. C., Livingstone, D., & Yunker, W. K. (2017). The role of bone conduction hearing aids in congenital unilateral hearing loss: A systematic review. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 94, 45-51.
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  To systematically review the literature on the audiological and/or quality of life benefits of a bone conduction hearing aid (BCHA) in children with congenital unilateral conductive or sensorineural deafness.
• Vila, P. M., Thomas, T., Liu, C., Poe, D., & Shin, J. J. (2017). The Burden and Epidemiology of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Adults. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 156(2), 278-284.
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  Objectives Pediatric eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD), otitis media with effusion (OME), and tympanic membrane retraction (TMR) have been well studied, but no large analyses have described the associated burden beyond childhood. The potential impact and feasibility of prospective trials designed to optimize management of affected adults are thus unclear. Our objectives were therefore (1) to determine the national visit burden associated with ETD/OME/TMR beyond childhood and (2) to examine risk factors specific to adults, highlighting differences in comparison with children. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of a national database. Setting Ambulatory visits in the United States. Methods Epidemiologic analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2005-2012) included data from 761,291 observations representing 9,369,388,092 visits. Chi-square test with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons was utilized for hypothesis testing. Results Visits related to ETD/OME/TMR exceeded 2 million per annum in patients 0 to 20 years of age (mean 2,625,965; range 2,239,288-3,329,858). Among those >20 years old, visits also exceeded 2 million (mean, 2,025,050; range, 1,550,669-2,353,799). Characteristics differed according to age: whereas ETD/OME/TMR affected more males 20 to 40 years of age were the most likely to visit the emergency department ( P = .0022). There were no statistically significant differences per season or region. The related diagnoses of cholesteatoma and chronic otitis media prompted additional visits. Conclusions ETD/OME/TMR is associated with a visit burden for adults that extends beyond childhood. Among adults, there may also be age-related differences in patient characteristics.
• Liu, C. C., & Rudmik, L. (2016). A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Early vs Late Tracheostomy. JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery, 142(10), 981-987.
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  The timing of tracheostomy in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation is controversial. An important consideration that is currently missing in the literature is an evaluation of the economic impact of an early tracheostomy strategy vs a late tracheostomy strategy.
• Liu, C. C., Jethwa, A. R., Khariwala, S. S., Johnson, J., & Shin, J. J. (2016). Sensitivity, Specificity, and Posttest Probability of Parotid Fine-Needle Aspiration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 154(1), 9-23.
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  (1) To analyze the sensitivity and specificity of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in distinguishing benign from malignant parotid disease. (2) To determine the anticipated posttest probability of malignancy and probability of nondiagnostic and indeterminate cytology with parotid FNA.
• Roditi, R. E., Liu, C. C., Bellmunt, A. M., Rosenfeld, R. M., & Shin, J. J. (2016). Oral Antibiotic Use for Otitis Media with Effusion: Ongoing Opportunities for Quality Improvement. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 154(5), 797-803.
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  (1) To evaluate the probability of antibiotic administration associated with ICD-9 diagnosis of otitis media with effusion (OME) in the absence of acute otitis media, (2) to determine whether usage varies according to visit setting, and (3) to ascertain if practice gaps are such that future practice changes might be measured.
• Liu, C. C., Livingstone, D., Dixon, E., & Dort, J. C. (2015). Early versus late tracheostomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 152(2), 219-27.
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  To investigate whether early tracheostomy leads to improved outcomes compared with late tracheostomy.
• Liu, C. C., Lui, J., Oddone Paolucci, E., & Rudmik, L. (2015). Systematic review of the quality of economic evaluations in the otolaryngology literature. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 152(1), 106-15.
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  To evaluate the quality of economic evaluations published in the otolaryngology--head and neck surgery literature, which will identify methodologic weaknesses that can be improved on in future studies. A secondary objective is to identify factors that may be associated with higher quality economic evaluations.
• Shaye, D., Liu, C. C., & Tollefson, T. T. (2015). Cleft Lip and Palate: An Evidence-Based Review. Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America, 23(3), 357-72.
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  The current article reviews the pertinent literature on the management of cleft lip and palate. We review the commonly used surgical techniques for repair, adjunctive options for treatment, clinical outcomes, complications, and concerns to consider. Throughout the discussion, we state the level of evidence where applicable and identify areas for future study.
• Liu, C. C., Hoy, M., Matthews, T. W., Guggisberg, K., & Chandarana, S. P. (2014). Pilomatrix Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Head and Neck Oncology, 6, 12.
• Liu, C. C., Chadha, N. K., Bance, M., & Hong, P. (2013). The current practice trends in pediatric bone-anchored hearing aids in Canada: a national clinical and surgical practice survey. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, 42(1), 43.
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  Since the introduction of bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHAs) in the 1980s, the practices of surgeons who implant these hearing aids have become varied; different indications and surgical techniques are utilized depending on the surgeon and institution. The objective of the current study is to describe the clinical and surgical practices of otolaryngologists in Canada who perform pediatric BAHA operations.

Presentations

• Liu, C. C. (2023, February). Pediatric Hearing Loss Panel. ENT in the Desert Conference. Tucson, AZ.
• Liu, C. C. (2023, February). Pediatric Hearing Loss: An Update. ENT in the Desert Conference. Tucson, AZ.
• Liu, C. C. (2023, May). 1. Embryology
  2. Craniofacial Syndromes
  3. Pediatric Airway. Royal College Exam Review Course.
• Liu, C. C. (2023, November). Panelist: Optimizing the transition home after a tracheostomy. Aerodigestive Society Annual meeting. Aurora, CO.
• Liu, C. C. (2022). 1. Embryology

  2. Craniofacial Syndromes

  3. Pediatric Airway. Royal College Exam Review Course.

• Liu, C. C. (2022). 1.       Pediatric OSA & Refractory OSA

  2.       Pediatric OSA Panel

  3.       Pediatric Nasal Obstruction Panel. ENT in the Desert.

• Liu, C. C. (2022). Pediatric Airway. Peds in the Desert.
• Liu, C. C. (2021). 1.       Craniofacial Syndromes

  2.       Pediatric Airway. Royal College Exam Review Course.

• Ramazani, F., & Liu, C. C. (2021). Sensitivity and Specificity of Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Pediatric Lateral Neck Abscesses.. Canadian Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Annual Meeting.
• Liu, C. C. (2020). 1.       Craniofacial Syndromes

  2.       Pediatric Airway

  3.       Practice oral exam. Royal College Exam Review Course.

• Liu, C. C. (2020). “Otolaryngology for Pediatricians”. University of Calgary Pediatric Chief Lecture Series.
• Liu, C. C. (2020). “Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review and Update”. Canadian Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery 74th Annual Meeting, Pediatric Otolaryngology Workshop.
• Liu, C. C. (2020). “To Bronch or Not To Bronch? Does Routine Surveillance Endoscopy Improve Pediatric Tracheostomy Outcomes?”. Seattle Children’s Hospital Otolaryngology Spring Summit.
• Liu, C. C., Johnson, K., Zazal, G., Smith, M., & Jacobs, I. (2020). To Bronch or Not To Bronch? Does Routine Surveillance Endoscopy Improve Pediatric Tracheostomy Outcomes?. American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Annual Meeting..
• Liu, C. C. (2019). “Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children”. University of Calgary Continuing Medical Education.
• Liu, C. C., Holmes, G., Rivera, J., Bly, R., Perkins, J., Jabs, E., & Dahl, J. (2019). Investigation Into the Genetic Basis of the Tracheal Cartilaginous Sleeve Formation Using Knock-In Mouse Models of Craniosynostosis Syndromes.. American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Annual Meeting..
• Liu, C. C., Ong, T., Elder, L., Hill, L., Abts, M., Dahl, J., Evans, K., Parikh, S., Soares, J., Striegl, A., Whitlock, K., & Johnson, K. (2019). The Trach Safe Initiative: Impact on Mortality Using A Multi-faceted Approach to Care for Pediatric Tracheotomy Patients. . American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Annual Meeting..
• Liu, C. C., Soares, J., Elder, L., Hill, L., Abts, M., Bonilla-Velez, J., Dahl, J., Johnson, K., Ong, T., Striegl, A., Whitlock, K., & Parikh, S. (2019). Early Serial Surveillance Endoscopy After Tracheotomy Placement in Children: Unexpected Findings and Interventions. . American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Annual Meeting..
• Liu, C. C., Livingstone, D., & Yunker, W. (2017). The Role of Bone Conduction Hearing Aids in Congenital Unilateral Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review. . Alberta Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery annual meeting..
• Liu, C. C., Roditi, R., Bellmunt, A., Rosenfeld, R., & Shin, J. (2017). Oral Antibiotic Use for Otitis Media with Effusion: Ongoing Opportunities for Quality Improvement.. Alberta Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery annual meeting..
• Liu, C. C., & Rudmik, L. (2016). Early versus Late Tracheostomy: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.. Alberta Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery annual meeting..
• Liu, C. C., & Rudmik, L. (2016). Early versus Late Tracheostomy: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.. American Laryngological Association Annual Meeting.
• Liu, C. C., Jethwa, A., Khariwala, S., Johnson, J., & Shin, J. (2015). Sensitivity, Specificity, and Posttest Probability of Parotid Fine-Needle Aspiration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. . American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 119th annual meeting..
• Liu, C. C., Livingstone, D., Dixon, E., & Dort, J. (2014). Early versus Late Tracheostomy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Alberta Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery annual meeting..
• Liu, C. C., Livingstone, D., Dixon, E., & Dort, J. (2014). Early versus Late Tracheostomy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 118th annual meeting..
• Liu, C. C., Lui, J., Paolucci, E., & Rudmik, L. (2014). Systematic Review of the Quality of Economic Evaluations in the Otolaryngology Literature.. American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 118th annual meeting..

Poster Presentations

• Coppess, S., Hill, L., Dahl, J., Elder, L., Liu, C. C., Minhas, J., Ong, T., Parikh, S., Rodacker, S., Soares, J., Stevens, D., & Johnson, K. (2019). Improving Confidence in Ambulatory Pediatric Tracheostomy Care with the Trach Safe Emergency Airway Management Course.. American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Annual Meeting..
• Liu, C. C., Chaput, K., Kirk, V., & Yunker, W. (2016). Overnight Oximetry in Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy: Does It Predict Perioperative Complications?. American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology Annual Meeting..
• Liu, C. C., Livingstone, D., & Yunker, W. (2016). The Role of Bone Conduction Hearing Aids in Congenital Unilateral Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review.. American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology Annual Meeting..
• Liu, C. C., & Hoy, M. (2012). Otolaryngology Education in the University of Calgary Undergraduate Medical Curriculum: A Needs Assessment Study. . American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 117th annual meeting..
• Liu, C. C., Chadha, N., Bance, M., & Hong, P. (2012). The current practice trends in pediatric bone-anchored hearing aids in Canada: A national clinical and surgical practice survey.. Canadian Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 66th annual meeting.
• Liu, C. C., Hoy, M., Matthews, T., Guggisberg, K., & Chandarana, S. (2012). Pilomatrix Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Case Report and Review of the Literature. . Canadian Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 66th annual meeting.