Emmanuel L Apostol

Interests

Research

Aquaporins

Teaching

Autoimmune Kidney Disease, Pediatric Hypertension, Acute and Chronic Kidney Injury, Pediatric End Stage Renal Disease, Pediatric Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis, Fluids and Electrolytes, Renal Stone Disease, Genetic Renal Disorders, Neonatal Nephrology

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Journals/Publications

• Apostol, E. L., & Kher, K. K. (1994). Cavitating pulmonary infarction in nephrotic syndrome.. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 8(3), 347-8. doi:10.1007/bf00866360
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  A 6-year-old boy was admitted with anasarca due to relapse of nephrotic syndrome, non-productive cough, and dyspnea on exertion. On the 8th hospital day he manifested severe right shoulder and chest pain. A nodular opacity in the right lung that transformed into a cavitating lesion was documented by computerized axial tomography. Surgical biopsy of the affected area of the lung documented infarction due to pulmonary embolism. This case highlights the need to consider pulmonary embolism in the evaluation of nephrotic children with a cavitating pulmonary lesion.
• Apostol, E., Ongtengco, E. A., Ostrea, E. M., & Tolia, V. A. (1988). The occurrence and significance of the bilirubin species, including delta bilirubin, in jaundiced infants.. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 7(4), 511-516. doi:10.1097/00005176-198807000-00006
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  An improved technique for bilirubin analysis, using high-performance liquid chromatography, has enabled us to study the occurrence and significance of four species of bilirubin (unconjugated, monoconjugated, diconjugated, and delta bilirubin) in 40 infants with jaundice of various etiologies. We found that: (a) infants with indirect hyperbilirubinemia showed greater than 90% of their total serum bilirubin as unconjugated bilirubin. The small remaining fraction consisted of conjugated bilirubin; predominantly delta bilirubin (5%); (b) infants with elevated direct serum bilirubin (greater than or equal to 2 mg/dl) showed almost twice more monoconjugated than diconjugated bilirubin fractions; (c) the standard diazo test for bilirubin analysis underestimates the direct bilirubin by as much as 34%; and (d) delta bilirubin, a tightly protein bound bilirubin, was observed in significant amounts in infants with elevated direct bilirubin. Its concentration, which ranged from 10-73% of the total bilirubin, was related to the duration rather than to the cause of the jaundice. It was also observed at birth in an infant with giant-cell hepatitis. It is concluded that the identification of more specific bilirubin species in jaundiced infants, especially in those with elevated direct serum bilirubin, will further help in the understanding and management of their disease.

Poster Presentations

• Apostol, E. L., Seserinac, J., & Hoang, C. (2018, June). A Unique Presentation of HSP Nephritis. Pediatrics in the Red Rocks Conference. Sedona, AZ: AZ chapter AAP.