Kate Ellingson

Interests

Research

My primary research focus is infectious diseases transmitted or caused by medical treatment, procedures, or devices. To this end, I study the epidemiology of transfusion-transmitted infections, antimicrobial stewardship, and infection prevention interventions. Within this broad scope of work, I have a specific interest in older adults, their interaction with the healthcare system, and the role of frailty in susceptibility to and recovery from infectious diseases.

Teaching

My teaching interests include: infectious disease epidemiology, epidemiologic research methods, health services research methods, border health and and One Health. In the past, I have taught a graduate epidemiology seminar (EPID696A), and two undergraduate courses -- Infections and Epidemics (EPID479), and Plagues, Peoples, and Society (MIC195F). I have co-instructed the One Health graduate course with Dr. Pogreba-Brown (EPID679) in Fall 2017 and Fall 2018. I have taught EPID479 as part of Study Abroad (Peru) in the summers of 2018 and 2018 as well as in Spring semesters of 2018 and 2019. In 2019, I taught the Border Health Service Learning course for the first time and will continue to teach this course in 2020 and beyond.

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Journals/Publications

• Yousaf, A. R., Mak, J., Gwynn, L., Bloodworth, R., Rai, R., Jeddy, Z., LeClair, L. B., Edwards, L., Olsho, L. E., Newes-Adeyi, G., Dalton, A. F., Gaglani, M., Yoon, S. K., Hegmann, K., Ellingson, K., Feldstein, L. R., Campbell, A. P., Britton, A., & Saydah, S. (2023). 1935. COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination Reduces the Occurrence of Post-COVID Conditions in U.S. Children Aged 5-17 Years Following Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Infection, July 2021-September 2022. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 10(Supplement_2). doi:10.1093/ofid/ofad500.2466
• Chandler, A. B., Wank, A., Vanuk, J. R., O'Connor, M., Dreifuss, B. A., Dreifuss, H. M., Ellingson, K., Khan, S. M., Friedman, S. E., & Athey, A. (2021). Adapting Psychological First Aid for Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Feasibility Study of the HCW HOSTED ICARE Telehealth Model.. Journal of Community Health.
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  Abstract Maintaining the resilience of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the protracted COVID-19 pandemic is critical as chronic stress is associated with burnout, inability to provide high-quality care, and decreased attentiveness to infection prevention protocols that protect patients and HCWs. Between May 2020 and July 2020, we adapted and implemented ICARE, a psychological first aid (PFA) model, in a novel online (i.e., telehealth) format to address the psychological support needs of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. In doing so, we had the following aims: (1) assess the mental health and psychological functioning of HCWs, (2) determine the feasibility and acceptability of an online PFA program for HCWs, and (3) identify the psychological support needs of HCWs. During the aforementioned period, the HCWs in this program reported low to moderate levels of stress, fair to good quality sleep, and minimal to mild depression and anxiety. We found implementation of the program to be feasible via use of a program website, an online survey system, and a videoconferencing platform. The HCWs in our program repeatedly expressed appreciation for the support we provided. Lastly, we found that HCWs needed psychological support related to obtaining clear information about pandemic policies and guidelines, navigating new rules and responsibilities, and processing overwhelming and conflicting emotions. Future directions include establishing asynchronous online discussion forums, increasing opportunities for individual support, and training HCWs to provide peer support using PFA. This program has far-reaching potential benefit to HCWs and to society at large in the context of a pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, healthcare workers (HCWs), ICARE, psychological first aid (PFA), telehealth
• Ellingson, K. D., & Kuehnert, M. J. (2019). Blood Safety and Emerging Infections: Balancing Risks and Costs. Annals of internal medicine, 170(3), 203-204.
• Ellingson, K. D., Noble, B. N., Tran, D., Buser, G. L., Pfeiffer, C. D., Cassidy, P. M., Pierce, R., Beldavs, Z. G., & Furuno, J. P. (2019). Compliance with statewide regulations for communication of patients' multidrug-resistant organism and Clostridium difficile status during transitions of care. American journal of infection control.
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  In 2014, Oregon implemented an interfacility transfer communication law requiring notification of multidrug-resistant organism status on patient transfer. Based on 2015 and 2016 statewide facility surveys, compliance was 77% and 87% for hospitals, and 67% and 68% for skilled nursing facilities. Methods for complying with the rule were heterogeneous, and fewer than half of all facilities surveyed reported use of a standardized interfacility transfer communication form to assess a patient's multidrug-resistant organism status on transfer.
• Ellingson, K. D., Pogreba-Brown, K., Gerba, C. P., & Elliott, S. P. (2019). Impact of a Novel Antimicrobial Surface Coating on Healthcare-Associated Infections and Environmental Bioburden at Two Urban Hospitals. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
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  Approximately 1 in 25 people admitted to a hospital in the United States will suffer a healthcare-associated infection (HAI). Environmental contamination of hospital surfaces contributes to HAI transmission. We investigated the impact of an antimicrobial surface coating on HAIs and environmental bioburden at two urban hospitals.
• Ellingson, K., Elliott, S. P., Pogebra-Brown, K., & Gerba, C. P. (2019). 1216. A Novel Antimicrobial Surface Coating Demonstrates Persistent Reduction of both Microbial Burden and Healthcare-Associated Infections at Two High-acuity Hospitals. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 6(Supplement_2), S437-S437. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1079
• Elliott, S. P., Gerba, C. P., Pogreba Brown, K. M., & Ellingson, K. (2019). Impact of a Novel Antimicrobial Surface Coating on Healthcare-Associated Infections and Environmental Bioburden at Two Urban Hospitals. Clinical Infectious Diseases. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz1077
• Ndegwa, L., Hatfield, K. M., Sinkowitz-Cochran, R., D'Iorio, E., Gupta, N., Kimotho, J., Woodard, T., Chaves, S. S., & Ellingson, K. (2019). Evaluation of a program to improve hand hygiene in Kenyan hospitals through production and promotion of alcohol-based Handrub - 2012-2014. Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 8, 2.
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  Although critical to prevent healthcare-associated infections, hand hygiene (HH) compliance is poor in resource-limited settings. In 2012, three Kenyan hospitals began onsite production of alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) and HH promotion. Our aim is to determine the impact of local production of ABHR on HH compliance and perceptions of ABHR. We observed 25,738 HH compliance opportunities and conducted 15 baseline and post-intervention focus group discussions. Hand Hygiene compliance increased from 28% (baseline) to 38% (post-intervention,  = 0.0003). Healthcare workers liked the increased accessibility of ABHR, but disliked its smell, feel, and sporadic availability. Onsite production and promotion of ABHR resulted in modest HH improvement. Enhancing the quality of ABHR and addressing logistical barriers could improve program impact.
• Pogreba-Brown, K., Austhof, E., & Ellingson, K. (2019). Methodology minute: An overview of the case-case study design and its applications in infection prevention. American journal of infection control.
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  The case-case study design is a potentially useful tool for infection preventionists during outbreak or cluster investigations. This column clarifies terminology related to case-case, case-control, and case-case-control study designs. Examples of practical applications of the case-case study design include determining risk factors for health care-onset versus community-onset infections, or antibiotic-resistant versus antibiotic-susceptible infections.
• Weber, B. R., Noble, B. N., Bearden, D. T., Crnich, C. J., Ellingson, K. D., McGregor, J. C., & Furuno, J. P. (2019). Antibiotic prescribing upon discharge from the hospital to long-term care facilities: Implications for antimicrobial stewardship requirements in post-acute settings. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 40(1), 18-23.
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  To quantify the frequency and outcomes of receiving an antibiotic prescription upon discharge from the hospital to long-term care facilities (LTCFs).
• Ellingson, K. (2017). Supplemental Findings from the National Blood Collection and Utilization Surveys, 2013 and 2015. Transfusion, 57(Suppl 2), 1588-1598.
• Ellingson, K. D., Sapiano, M. R., Haass, K. A., Savinkina, A. A., Baker, M. L., Chung, K. W., Henry, R. A., Berger, J. J., Kuehnert, M. J., & Basavaraju, S. V. (2017). Continued decline in blood collection and transfusion in the United States-2015. Transfusion, 57 Suppl 2, 1588-1598.
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  In 2011 and 2013, the National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey (NBCUS) revealed declines in blood collection and transfusion in the United States. The objective of this study was to describe blood services in 2015.
• Ellingson, K. D., Sapiano, M. R., Haass, K. A., Savinkina, A. A., Baker, M. L., Henry, R. A., Berger, J. J., Kuehnert, M. J., & Basavaraju, S. V. (2017). Cost projections for implementation of safety interventions to prevent transfusion-transmitted Zika virus infection in the United States. Transfusion, 57 Suppl 2, 1625-1633.
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  In August 2016, the Food and Drug Administration advised US blood centers to screen all whole blood and apheresis donations for Zika virus (ZIKV) with an individual-donor nucleic acid test (ID-NAT) or to use approved pathogen reduction technology (PRT). The cost of implementing this guidance nationally has not been assessed.
• Russell, K., Hills, S. L., Oster, A. M., Porse, C. C., Danyluk, G., Cone, M., Brooks, R., Scotland, S., Schiffman, E., Fredette, C., White, J. L., Ellingson, K., Hubbard, A., Cohn, A., Fischer, M., Mead, P., Powers, A. M., & Brooks, J. T. (2017). Male-to-Female Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus-United States, January-April 2016. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 64(2), 211-213.
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  We report on 9 cases of male-to-female sexual transmission of Zika virus in the United States occurring January-April 2016. This report summarizes new information about both timing of exposure and symptoms of sexually transmitted Zika virus disease, and results of semen testing for Zika virus from 2 male travelers.
• Sapiano, M. R., Savinkina, A. A., Ellingson, K. D., Haass, K. A., Baker, M. L., Henry, R. A., Berger, J. J., Kuehnert, M. J., & Basavaraju, S. V. (2017). Supplemental findings from the National Blood Collection and Utilization Surveys, 2013 and 2015. Transfusion, 57 Suppl 2, 1599-1624.
• Ellingson, K. (2014). Driving Change through the States: Federal-level technical assistance to state health departments for healthcare-associated infection prevention. Med Care, 52(2 Suppl 1), S54-9. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000055
• Ellingson, K. (2014). Surveillance for Healthcare-Associated Respiratory Infections in Kenya: 2010-2012. Am J Infect Control, 42(9), 985-90. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2014.05.022
• Ellingson, K., Haas, J. P., Aiello, A. E., Kusek, L., Maragakis, L. L., Olmsted, R. N., Perencevich, E., Polgreen, P. M., Schweizer, M. L., Trexler, P., VanAmringe, M., & Yokoe, D. S. (2014). Strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections through hand hygiene. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 35 Suppl 2, S155-78.
• Ellingson, K., Haas, J. P., Aiello, A. E., Kusek, L., Maragakis, L. L., Olmsted, R. N., Perencevich, E., Polgreen, P. M., Schweizer, M. L., Trexler, P., VanAmringe, M., Yokoe, D. S., & , S. f. (2014). Strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections through hand hygiene. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 35(8), 937-60.
• Ellingson, K., McCormick, K., Sinkowitz-Cochran, R., Woodard, T., Jernigan, J., Srinivasan, A., Rask, K., & , S. H. (2014). Enhancement of health department capacity for health care-associated infection prevention through Recovery Act-funded programs. American journal of public health, 104(4), e27-33.
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  We evaluated capacity built and outcomes achieved from September 1, 2009, to December 31, 2011, by 51 health departments (HDs) funded through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) for health care-associated infection (HAI) program development.
• Ellingson, K., McCormick, K., Woodard, T., Garcia-Williams, A., Mendel, P., Kahn, K., McDonald, C., Jernigan, J., & Sinkowitz-Cochran, R. (2014). Perspectives on Federal Funding for State Health Care-Associated Infection Programs: Achievements, Barriers, and Implications for Sustainability. Medical care research and review : MCRR, 71(4), 402-15.
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  In September 2009, federal funding for health care-associated infection (HAI) program development was dispersed through a cooperative agreement to 51 state and territorial health departments. From July to September 2011, 69 stakeholders from six states-including state health department employees, representatives from partner organizations, and health care facility employees-were interviewed to assess state HAI program achievements, implementation barriers, and strategies for sustainability. Respondents most frequently cited enhanced HAI surveillance as a program achievement and resource constraints as an implementation barrier. To sustain programs, respondents recommended ongoing support for HAI prevention activities, improved surveillance processes, and maintenance of partnerships. Findings suggest that state-level HAI program growth was achieved during the cooperative agreement but that maintenance of programs faces challenges.
• Fischer, L., Ellingson, K., McCormick, K., & Sinkowitz-Cochran, R. (2014). The role of the public health analyst in the delivery of technical assistance to state health departments for healthcare-associated infection prevention. Medical care, 52(2 Suppl 1), S54-9.
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  Aligned with the goals of the DHHS Action Plan to Prevent Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs), in 2009 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) awarded cooperative agreements to 51 state and territorial health departments for purposes of developing and implementing strategies to reduce HAIs. These cooperative agreements through the Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases (ELC) were supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA).
• Ndegwa, L. K., Katz, M. A., McCormick, K., Nganga, Z., Mungai, A., Emukule, G., Kollmann, M. K., Mayieka, L., Otieno, J., Breiman, R. F., Mott, J. A., & Ellingson, K. (2014). Surveillance for respiratory health care-associated infections among inpatients in 3 Kenyan hospitals, 2010-2012. American journal of infection control, 42(9), 985-90.
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  Although health care-associated infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, the epidemiology and etiology of respiratory health care-associated infections (rHAIs) have not been documented in Kenya. In 2010, the Ministry of Health, Kenya Medical Research Institute, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated surveillance for rHAIs at 3 hospitals.
• Yokoe, D. S., Anderson, D. J., Berenholtz, S. M., Calfee, D. P., Dubberke, E. R., Ellingson, K. D., Gerding, D. N., Haas, J. P., Kaye, K. S., Klompas, M., Lo, E., Marschall, J., Mermel, L. A., Nicolle, L. E., Salgado, C. D., Bryant, K., Classen, D., Crist, K., Deloney, V. M., , Fishman, N. O., et al. (2014). A Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Updates. American journal of infection control, 42(8), 820-8.
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  Since the publication of "A Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals" in 2008, prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) has become a national priority. Despite improvements, preventable HAIs continue to occur. The 2014 updates to the Compendium were created to provide acute care hospitals with up-to-date, practical, expert guidance to assist in prioritizing and implementing their HAI prevention efforts. They are the product of a highly collaborative effort led by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS), the Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), the Society for Hospital Medicine (SHM), and the Surgical Infection Society (SIS).
• Yokoe, D. S., Anderson, D. J., Berenholtz, S. M., Calfee, D. P., Dubberke, E. R., Ellingson, K. D., Gerding, D. N., Haas, J. P., Kaye, K. S., Klompas, M., Lo, E., Marschall, J., Mermel, L. A., Nicolle, L. E., Salgado, C. D., Bryant, K., Classen, D., Crist, K., Deloney, V. M., , Fishman, N. O., et al. (2014). A compendium of strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 updates. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 35 Suppl 2, S21-31.
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  Since the publication of "A Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals" in 2008, prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) has become a national priority. Despite improvements, preventable HAIs continue to occur. The 2014 updates to the Compendium were created to provide acute care hospitals with up-to-date, practical, expert guidance to assist in prioritizing and implementing their HAI prevention efforts. They are the product of a highly collaborative effort led by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS), the Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), the Society for Hospital Medicine (SHM), and the Surgical Infection Society (SIS).
• Yokoe, D. S., Anderson, D. J., Berenholtz, S. M., Calfee, D. P., Dubberke, E. R., Ellingson, K. D., Gerding, D. N., Haas, J. P., Kaye, K. S., Klompas, M., Lo, E., Marschall, J., Mermel, L. A., Nicolle, L. E., Salgado, C. D., Bryant, K., Classen, D., Crist, K., Deloney, V. M., , Fishman, N. O., et al. (2014). A compendium of strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 updates. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 35(8), 967-77.
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  Since the publication of "A Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals" in 2008, prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) has become a national priority. Despite improvements, preventable HAIs continue to occur. The 2014 updates to the Compendium were created to provide acute care hospitals with up-to-date, practical, expert guidance to assist in prioritizing and implementing their HAI prevention efforts. They are the product of a highly collaborative effort led by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS), the Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), the Society for Hospital Medicine (SHM), and the Surgical Infection Society (SIS).
• Yokoe, D. S., Anderson, D. J., Berenholtz, S. M., Calfee, D. P., Dubberke, E. R., Ellingson, K., Gerding, D. N., Haas, J., Kaye, K. S., Klompas, M., Lo, E., Marschall, J., Mermel, L. A., Nicolle, L., Salgado, C., Bryant, K., Classen, D., Crist, K., Foster, N., , Humphreys, E., et al. (2014). Introduction to "A Compendium of Strategies To Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 updates". Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 35(5), 455-9.
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  Since the publication of "A Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals" in 2008, prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) has become a national priority. Despite improvements, preventable HAIs continue to occur. The 2014 updates to the Compendium were created to provide acute care hospitals with up-to-date, practical, expert guidance to assist in prioritizing and implementing their HAI prevention efforts. It is the product of a highly collaborative effort led by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS), the Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), the Society for Hospital Medicine (SHM), and the Surgical Infection Society (SIS).
• Ellingson, K. (2013). Antimicrobial Resistance in 8 U.S. Hospitals along the U.S.-Mexico Border, 2000-2006. Epidemiol Infect, 17, 1-10. doi:10.1017/S095026881300318X
• Ellingson, K. (2013). Breaking down P values and 95% confidence intervals: what infection preventionists should know about statistical certainty. American journal of infection control, 41(11), 1083-4.
• Ellingson, K. (2013). National Estimates of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Critical Care Patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 34(6), 547-54. doi:10.1086/670629
• Ellingson, K. D., & Patel, P. R. (2013). The authors reply:. Kidney international, 83(5), 970.
• Larson, E., Behta, M., Cohen, B., Jia, H., Furuya, E. Y., Ross, B., Chaudhry, R., Vawdrey, D. K., & Ellingson, K. (2013). Impact of electronic surveillance on isolation practices. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 34(7), 694-9.
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  To assess the impact of an electronic surveillance system on isolation practices and rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
• See, I., Lessa, F. C., ElAta, O. A., Hafez, S., Samy, K., El-Kholy, A., El Anani, M. G., Ismail, G., Kandeel, A., Galal, R., Ellingson, K., & Talaat, M. (2013). Incidence and pathogen distribution of healthcare-associated infections in pilot hospitals in Egypt. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 34(12), 1281-8.
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  To report type and rates of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) as well as pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns from a pilot HAI surveillance system in Egypt.
• Wise, M. E., Scott, R. D., Baggs, J. M., Edwards, J. R., Ellingson, K. D., Fridkin, S. K., McDonald, L. C., & Jernigan, J. A. (2013). National estimates of central line-associated bloodstream infections in critical care patients. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 34(6), 547-54.
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  OBJECTIVE. Recent studies have demonstrated that central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are preventable through implementation of evidence-based prevention practices. Hospitals have reported CLABSI data to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) since the 1970s, providing an opportunity to characterize the national impact of CLABSIs over time. Our objective was to describe changes in the annual number of CLABSIs in critical care patients in the United States.
• Ellingson, K. (2012). Modeling interrupted time series to evaluate prevention and control of infection in health care. Epidemiol Infect, 140(12), 2131-41. doi:10.1017/S0950268812000179
• Ellingson, K. D., Palekar, R. S., Lucero, C. A., Kurkjian, K. M., Chai, S. J., Schlossberg, D. S., Vincenti, D. M., Fink, J. C., Davies-Cole, J. O., Magri, J. M., Arduino, M. J., & Patel, P. R. (2012). Vascular access hemorrhages contribute to deaths among hemodialysis patients. Kidney international, 82(6), 686-92.
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  In 2007 the Maryland Medical Examiner noted a potential cluster of fatal vascular access hemorrhages among hemodialysis patients, many of whom died outside of a health-care setting. To examine the epidemiology of fatal vascular access hemorrhages, we conducted a retrospective case review in District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia from January 2000 to July 2007 and a case-control study. Records from the Medical Examiner and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services were reviewed, from which 88 patients were identified as fatal vascular access hemorrhage cases. To assess risk factors, a subset of 20 cases from Maryland was compared to 38 controls randomly selected among hemodialysis patients who died from non-vascular access hemorrhage causes at the same Maryland facilities. Of the 88 confirmed cases, 55% hemorrhaged from arteriovenous grafts, 24% from arteriovenous fistulas, and 21% from central venous catheters. Of 82 case-patients with known location of hemorrhage, 78% occurred at home or in a nursing home. In the case-control analysis, statistically significant risk factors included the presence of an arteriovenous graft, access-related complications within 6 months of death, and hypertension; presence of a central venous catheter was significantly protective. Psychosocial factors and anticoagulant medications were not significant risk factors. Effective strategies to control vascular access hemorrhage in the home and further delineation of warning signs are needed.
• Fries, J., Segre, A. M., Thomas, G., Herman, T., Ellingson, K., & Polgreen, P. M. (2012). Monitoring hand hygiene via human observers: how should we be sampling?. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 33(7), 689-95.
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  To explore how hand hygiene observer scheduling influences the number of events and unique individuals observed.
• Morgan, D. J., Pineles, L., Shardell, M., Young, A., Ellingson, K., Jernigan, J. A., Day, H. R., Thom, K. A., Harris, A. D., & Perencevich, E. N. (2012). Automated hand hygiene count devices may better measure compliance than human observation. American journal of infection control, 40(10), 955-9.
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  Hand hygiene is considered a critical factor in the prevention of health care-associated infections, and there have been many studies on ways to measure hand hygiene compliance.
• Ellingson, K. (2011). Clinical incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization or infection as a proxy measure for MRSA transmission in acute care hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 32(1), 20-5. doi:10.1086/657668
• Ellingson, K. (2011). Estimated risk of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infection among potential organ donors from 17 organ procurement organizations in the United States. Am J Transplant, 11(6), 1201-8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03518.x
• Ellingson, K. (2011). Infection control: accomplishments and priorities from an individual, state, national, and international perspective. Am J Infect Control, 39(8), 624-7. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2011.08.003
• Ellingson, K., Muder, R. R., Jain, R., Kleinbaum, D., Feng, P. J., Cunningham, C., Squier, C., Lloyd, J., Edwards, J., Gebski, V., & Jernigan, J. (2011). Sustained reduction in the clinical incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization or infection associated with a multifaceted infection control intervention. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 32(1), 1-8.
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  To assess the impact and sustainability of a multifaceted intervention to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission implemented in 3 chronologically overlapping phases at 1 hospital.
• Ellingson, K., Polgreen, P. M., Schneider, A., Shinkunas, L., Kaldjian, L. C., Wright, D., Thomas, G. W., Segre, A. M., Herman, T., McDonald, L. C., & Sinkowitz-Cochran, R. (2011). Healthcare personnel perceptions of hand hygiene monitoring technology. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 32(11), 1091-6.
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  To assess healthcare personnel (HCP) perceptions regarding implementation of sensor-based electronic systems for automated hand hygiene adherence monitoring.
• Ellingson, K. (2010). Evaluation of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification Codes for reporting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections at a hospital in Illinois. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 31(5), 463-8. doi:10.1086/651665
• Ellingson, K., & McDonald, C. (2010). Reexamining methods and messaging for hand hygiene in the era of increasing Clostridium difficile colonization and infection. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 31(6), 571-3.
• Ellingson, K. D., Leventhal, J. M., & Weiss, H. B. (2008). Using hospital discharge data to track inflicted traumatic brain injury. American journal of preventive medicine, 34(4 Suppl), S157-62.
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  Inflicted traumatic brain injury (inflicted TBI) in infants has been the subject of recent preventive interventions, yet the burden of this problem is poorly defined. This article estimates the national incidence of hospitalizations due to inflicted TBI in infants aged
• Ellingson, K. (2007). West Nile Virus Transmission Through Blood Transfusion. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 56(4), 76-79.
• Leventhal, J. M., Larson, I. A., Abdoo, D., Singaracharlu, S., Takizawa, C., Miller, C., Goodman, T. R., Schwartz, D., Grasso, S., & Ellingson, K. (2007). Are abusive fractures in young children becoming less common? Changes over 24 years. Child abuse & neglect, 31(3), 311-22.
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  To determine whether the proportion of fractures rated as abusive in children
• Ellingson, K. (2005). Intensive intervention improves primary care follow-up for uninsured emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med, 12(7), 647-52. doi:10.1197/j.aem.2005.02.015
• Ellingson, K. (2005). Onchocerciasis: a potential risk factor for glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol, 89(7), 796-8. doi:10.1136/bjo.2004.061895
• Ellingson, K. D., Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Carter, A. S., & Horwitz, S. M. (2004). Parent identification of early emerging child behavior problems: predictors of sharing parental concern with health providers. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 158(8), 766-72.
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  To better understand the predictors of parental discussions with pediatric care providers (pediatricians, psychologists/psychiatrists, social workers, early intervention providers, or other medical specialists) regarding early child behavior problems and to suggest strategies for eliciting early identification from parents in health care settings.

Presentations

• Ellingson, K. (2017, Aug). Steering a Transition in Antibiotic Prescribing. COBINA (Binational Health Network). Sonora, Mexico.
• Ellingson, K. (2017, May). Antibiotic Stewardship: Shifting Hearts and Minds. Mariposa Community Health Center Promotora Meeting.
• Galgiani, J. N., Ellingson, K., Ramadan, F., & Donovan, F. (2020, March). A Clinical Profile of Newly Diagnosed Valley Fever in Hospital Settings. SHEA/CDC Decennial 6th International Conference on Healthcare Associated Infections. Atlanta, GA: SHEA/CDC Decennial 6th International Conference on Healthcare Associated Infections.

Poster Presentations

• Ellingson, K. (2017, April). Survey of Multidrug-resistant Organism Admission Screening and Preoperative S. aureus Decolonization. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology (SHEA) conference, 2017. St. Louis, MO. St. Louis, MO.
• Ellingson, K. (2017, April). The Antibiogram: A Survey of Analysis, Presentation, and Distribution Methods across Oregon Hospitals. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology (SHEA) conference, 2017. St. Louis, MO. St. Louis, MO.