Raed H Alalawi

Interests

Teaching

Innovative teaching of pulmonary critical care to fellows. Simulation based teaching. High and low fidelity simulators in procedure education.

Research

Tumor markers for diagnosis of lung cancer and indeterminate pulmonary nodules. Maladaptive healing in tracheal stenosis. Medical education research in effective delivery of information.

Courses

No activities entered.

Scholarly Contributions

Journals/Publications

• Channick, C. L., Garrison, G., Huie, T. J., Scholar, E., & 2020, . (2021). ATS Core Curriculum 2020. Adult Pulmonary Medicine. atsjournals.org.
• Sridhar, M., Sher, N., Khan, A., & Alalawi, R. (2020). PATCHING UP THE LEAK: USE OF ENDOBRONCHIAL VALVES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF A CASE OF BRONCHOPLEURAL FISTULA ASSOCIATED WITH MYCOBACTERIUM TB. Chest, 158(Supplement), A2544.
• Wahidi, M. M., Shojaee, S., Lamb, C. R., Ost, D., Maldonado, F., Eapen, G., Caroff, D. A., Stevens, M. P., Ouellette, D. R., Lilly, C., Gardner, D. D., Glisinski, K., Pennington, K., & Alalawi, R. (2020). The Use of Bronchoscopy During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: CHEST/AABIP Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest, 158(3), 1268-1281.
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  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the globe and is causing significant morbidity and mortality. Given that the virus is transmitted via droplets, open airway procedures such as bronchoscopy pose a significant risk to health-care workers (HCWs). The goal of this guideline was to examine the current evidence on the role of bronchoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic and the optimal protection of patients and HCWs.
• Thiboutot, J., Schwartz, A., Lee, H., Akulian, J., Chen, A., Los, J., Barriere, A., Flenaugh, E., Semaan, R., Alalawi, R., Wahidi, M., & Yarmus, L. (2019). INCONGRUENCE IN PATHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF BRONCHOSCOPIC BIOPSY TISSUE ADEQUACY. CHEST, 156(4), 2258A-2259A.
• Tseng, S., Olson, K., Alalawi, R., & Sue, R. (2019). USING SPIN NAVIGATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE SAFETY OF CRYOBIOPSY IN EVALUATION OF DIFFUSE PARENCHYMAL LUNG DISEASE. Chest.
• Tseng, S., Vick, L., Sue, R., & Alalawi, R. (2019). A SINGLE-CENTER RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF ENDOBRONCHIAL VALVES FOR LUNG VOLUME REDUCTION IN EMPHYSEMA PATIENTS. CHEST, 156(4), 1779A-1779A.
• Tseng, S., Vick, L., Sue, R., & Alalawi, R. (2019). EXERCISE VENTILATION PERFUSION SCAN WITH SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION CT TO ASSESS TARGET LOBE FOR ENDOBRONCHIAL VALVE PLACEMENT. CHEST, 156(4), 28A-28A.
• Schwalk, A., & Alalawi, R. (2018). MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA: A RARE MALIGNANCY TREATED ENDOBRONCHIALLY. CHEST, 154(4), 840A-840A.
• Schwalk, A., & Alalawi, R. (2018). TRACHEOBRONCHIAL FOREIGN BODY ASPIRATION: THE GREAT MIMICKER. CHEST, 154(4), 1067A-1067A.
• Solis, X., Copeland, S., Mahmood, T., & Alalawi, R. (2018). A 'MASS'IVE CONUNDRUM. CHEST, 154(4), 428A-428A.
• Copeland, S., Fuller, A., & Alalawi, R. (2017). Unusual Cause of Tracheoesophageal and Bronchoesophageal Fistulae. CHEST, 152(4), 501A-501A.
• Fuller, A., & Alalawi, R. (2017). Endobronchial Lipomatous Hamartoma Mimicking Malignancy. CHEST, 152(4), 865A-865A.
• Fuller, A., Islam, E., & Alalawi, R. (2016). An Uncommon Presentation of Extranodal Lymphoma. CHEST, 150(4), 764A-764A.
• Sigler, M., Nugent, K., Alalawi, R., Selvan, K., Tseng, J., Edriss, H., Turner, A., Valdez, K., & Krause, D. (2016). Making of a Successful Early Mobilization Program for a Medical Intensive Care Unit. SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL, 109(6), 342-345.
• Sigler, M., Nugent, K., Alalawi, R., Selvan, K., Tseng, J., Edriss, H., Turner, A., Valdez, K., & Krause, D. (2016). Making of a Successful Early Mobilization Program for a Medical Intensive Care Unit. Southern medical journal, 109(6), 342-5.
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  To provide a guideline for intensive care unit (ICU) early mobilization program development and implementation and to describe the patient characteristics and endpoints for those who participated in our hospital's early mobilization program.
• Fuller, A., Orellana-Barrios, M., Patel, G., Mahmood, T., & Alalawi, R. (2015). Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome: Tracheobronchomegaly Presenting as Persistent Dyspnea. CHEST, 148(4).
• Mirandola, L., Figueroa, J. A., Phan, T. T., Grizzi, F., Kim, M., Rahman, R. L., Jenkins, M. R., Cobos, E., Jumper, C., Alalawi, R., & Chiriva-Internati, M. (2015). Novel antigens in non-small cell lung cancer: SP17, AKAP4, and PTTG1 are potential immunotherapeutic targets. ONCOTARGET, 6(5), 2812-2826.
• Mirandola, L., Figueroa, J. A., Phan, T. T., Grizzi, F., Kim, M., Rahman, R. L., Jenkins, M. R., Cobos, E., Jumper, C., Alalawi, R., & Chiriva-Internati, M. (2015). Novel antigens in non-small cell lung cancer: SP17, AKAP4, and PTTG1 are potential immunotherapeutic targets. Oncotarget, 6(5), 2812-26.
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  Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both genders worldwide, with an incidence only second to prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. The lethality of the disease highlights the urgent need for innovative therapeutic options. Immunotherapy can afford efficient and specific targeting of tumor cells, improving efficacy and reducing the side effects of current therapies. We have previously reported the aberrant expression of cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) in tumors of unrelated histological origin. In this study we investigated the expression and immunogenicity of the CTAs, Sperm Protein 17 (SP17), A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) and Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene 1 (PTTG1) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and primary tumors. We found that SP17, AKAP4 and PTTG1 are aberrantly expressed in cancer samples, compared to normal lung cell lines and tissues. We established the immunogenicity of these CTAs by measuring CTA-specific autoantibodies in patients' sera and generating CTA-specific autologous cytotoxic lymphocytes from patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our results provide proof of principle that the CTAs SP17/AKAP4/PTTG1 are expressed in both human NSCLC cell lines and primary tumors and can elicit an immunogenic response in lung cancer patients.
• Chiriva-Internati, M., Mirandola, L., Figueroa, J. A., Yu, Y., Grizzi, F., Kim, M., Jenkins, M., Cobos, E., Jumper, C., & Alalawi, R. (2014). Selective expression and immunogenicity of the cancer/testis antigens SP17, AKAP4 and PTTG1 in non-small cell lung cancer: new candidates for active immunotherapy. Chest.
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  ABSTRACT BACKGROUND. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both genders worldwide, with an incidence only second to prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. The lethality of the disease highlights the urgent need for innovative therapeutic options. Immunotherapy can afford efficient and specific targeting of tumor cells, improving efficacy and reducing the side effects of current therapies. We have previously reported the aberrant expression of cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) in tumors of unrelated histological origin. In this study we investigated the expression and immunogenicity of the cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) Sperm Protein 17 (SP17), A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) and Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene 1 (PTTG1) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and primary tumors. METHODS. We used RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, ELISA and cytotoxicity assays to determine the expression levels and immunogenicity of SP17, AKAP4 and PTTG1 in human NSCLC cell lines and primary tumors. RESULTS. We found that SP17, AKAP4 and PTTG1 are aberrantly expressed in NSCLC cancer cell lines and primary tumor tissues from patients, compared to normal lung cell lines and tissues. We established the immunogenicity of these CTAs by measuring CTA-specific autoantibodies in patients' sera and generating CTA-specific autologous cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) from patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). CONCLUSIONS. Our results provide proof of principle that the CTAs SP17/AKAP4/PTTG1 are expressed in both human NSCLC cell lines and primary tumors and can elicit an immunogenic response in NSCLC patients. Based on our findings, further studies are warranted to explore the feasibility of developing CTA-specific immunotherapeutic strategies for NSCLC patients.
• Chiriva-Internati, M., Mirandola, L., Lazzari, E., Colombo, M., Lancellotti, M., Cobos, E., Yu, Y., Figueroa, J. A., Saadeh, C., Wade, R., Zepeda, K., Mer, J., Konala, V., Radhi, S., Aulakh, A., Jenkins, M., Jumper, C. A., Alalawi, R., & Chiaramonte, R. (2013). Promotion of human multiple myeloma cell growth in vitro and bone marrow invasion in vivo by Notch receptors and the CXCR4/SDF1 axis. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 31(15).
• Islam, E., Limsuwat, C., Berdine, G., Alalawi, R., & Nugent, K. (2013). Corticosteroids Cause Hyperglycemia in Patients With Acute Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation. CHEST, 144(4).
• Karakitsos, D., Papanikolaou, J., Karabinis, A., Alalawi, R., Wachtel, M., Jumper, C., Alexopoulos, D., & Davlouros, P. (2013). Acute effect of sildenafil on central hemodynamics in mechanically ventilated patients with WHO group III pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure necessitating administration of dobutamine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY, 167(3), 848-854.
• Karakitsos, D., Papanikolaou, J., Karabinis, A., Alalawi, R., Wachtel, M., Jumper, C., Alexopoulos, D., & Davlouros, P. (2013). Acute effect of sildenafil on central hemodynamics in mechanically ventilated patients with WHO group III pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure necessitating administration of dobutamine. International journal of cardiology, 167(3), 848-54.
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  Sildenafil decreases pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). We investigated sildenafil's effects on central hemodynamics of mechanically ventilated patients with WHO group-III PH and RV failure necessitating dobutamine administration.
• Mirandola, L., Chiriva-Internati, M., Cobos, E., Yu, Y., Figueroa, J. A., Garavelli, S., Colombo, M., Lazzari, E., Platonova, N., Zepeda, K., Jumper, C. A., Jenkins, M., Alalawi, R., Konala, V., Aulakh, A., Radhi, S., & Chiaramonte, R. (2013). Chemokine receptors as novel targets of the oncogene Notch1 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 31(15).
• Radhi, S., Saadeh, C., Wade, R., Mer, J., Yu, Y., Mirandola, L., Konala, V., Aulakh, A., Chiaramonte, R., Platonova, N., Zepeda, K., Colombo, M., Jenkins, M., Figueroa, J. A., Cobos, E., Jumper, C. A., Alalawi, R., & Chiriva-Internati, M. (2013). Selective expression of the Sp17/AKAP4/PTTG1 in NSCLC for detection and therapy. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 31(15).
• Chiriva-Internati, M., Pandey, A., Saba, R., Kim, M., Saadeh, C., Lukman, T., Chiaramonte, R., Jenkins, M., Cobos, E., Jumper, C., & Alalawi, R. (2012). Cancer testis antigens: a novel target in lung cancer. International reviews of immunology, 31(5), 321-43.
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  Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer mortality worldwide. This is mainly due to the fact that it is diagnosed in advanced stage patients, which are no more surgically curable. Consequently, searching for novel treatments and new modalities for early diagnosis offers great promise to improve the clinical outcome. Recently, a new group of antigens, the cancer testis antigens, have been described as possible early diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets in cancer therapy.This review will report emerging evidences of cancer testis antigens deregulation in lung cancer and explore the state of the art of their currently known role and potential as markers for early diagnosis and disease progression and targets of an immunotherapeutic approach aiming to improve the cure rate of this tumor.
• Radhi, S., Alalawi, R., Mirandola, L., Yu, Y., Pandey, A., D'Cunha, R., Saadeh, C., Duyen, D., Hardwicke, F. L., D'Cunha, N. C., Adeoju, L., Jenkins, T. M., Jumper, C. A., Chiriva-Internati, M., & Cobos, E. (2012). Novel tumor markers in non-small cell lung cancer detected both in serology and tissue. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 30(15).
• Chiriva, M., Mirandola, L., Yu, Y., Kim, M., Alalawi, R., Asawa, C., Jumper, C., & Cobos, E. (2011). Identification of new cancer/testis antigens in non-small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, 186.
• Mishra, R. K., Alalawi, R., Raj, R., & Nugent, K. M. (2011). Prolonged acute care in a 52-year-old man with respiratory failure: Lessons learned from 70-day intensive care unit hospitalization. JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE, 26(5).
• Mishra, R. K., Alalawi, R., Raj, R., & Nugent, K. M. (2011). Prolonged acute care in a 52-year-old man with respiratory failure: lessons learned from 70-day intensive care unit hospitalization. Journal of critical care, 26(5), 532.e9-532.e16.
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  This study was undertaken to record the experiences of a patient who survived prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) care secondary to acute respiratory failure.
• Vallabhajosula, S., Radhi, S., Cevik, C., Alalawi, R., Raj, R., & Nugent, K. (2011). Hyperthyroidism and Pulmonary Hypertension: An Important Association. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES, 342(6), 507-512.
• Vallabhajosula, S., Radhi, S., Cevik, C., Alalawi, R., Raj, R., & Nugent, K. (2011). Hyperthyroidism and pulmonary hypertension: an important association. The American journal of the medical sciences, 342(6), 507-12.
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  Pulmonary hypertension is a complex disorder with multiple etiologies. The World Health Organization Group 5 (unclear multifactorial mechanisms) includes patients with thyroid disorders. The authors reviewed the literature on the association between hyperthyroidism and pulmonary hypertension and identified 20 publications reporting 164 patients with treatment outcomes. The systolic pulmonary artery (PA) pressures in these patients ranged from 28 to 78 mm Hg. They were treated with antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine and surgery. The mean pretherapy PA systolic pressure was 39 mm Hg; the mean posttreatment pressure was 30 mm Hg. Pulmonary hypertension should be considered in hyperthyroid patients with dyspnea. All patients with pulmonary hypertension should be screened for hyperthyroidism, because the treatment of hyperthyroidism can reduce PA pressures, potentially avoid the side-effects and costs with current therapies for pulmonary hypertension and limit the consequences of untreated hyperthyroidism. However, the long-term outcome in these patients is uncertain, and this issue needs more study. Changes in the pulmonary circulation and molecular regulators of vascular remodeling likely explain this association.
• Uong, V., Nugent, K., Alalawi, R., & Raj, R. (2010). Amiodarone-Induced Loculated Pleural Effusion: Case Report and Review of the Literature. PHARMACOTHERAPY, 30(2), 218-218.
• Uong, V., Nugent, K., Alalawi, R., & Raj, R. (2010). Amiodarone-induced loculated pleural effusion: case report and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy, 30(2), 218.
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  Pleural effusion is an uncommon manifestation of amiodarone toxicity and is usually associated with amiodarone-induced interstitial pneumonitis. We describe a 70-year-old woman who came to the emergency department with bilateral pleuritic chest pain and malaise 4 weeks after her amiodarone dose was increased from 200 mg/day to 600 mg/day. She had bilateral exudative pleural effusions without associated pneumonitis. She was diagnosed with amiodarone-induced pleural effusions after a thorough workup during her hospitalization excluded other causes for the effusions. Due to intractable arrhythmias, the patient's amiodarone was not discontinued, and she was discharged home. Four days later at a follow-up visit at the pulmonary clinic, the patient complained of worsening chest pain as well as dyspnea and cough. A computed tomography scan showed left-sided pleural effusion with multiple loculations. She underwent a pulmonary vein isolation procedure, and amiodarone was discontinued. She was treated with prednisone 40 mg/day, tapered over the next 2 weeks. Three weeks after the amiodarone was stopped, the patient was asymptomatic, and a chest radiograph showed complete resolution of the effusions. Review of the patient's medical records revealed that she had experienced similar symptoms and exudative pleural effusions 2 years earlier after a similar dose escalation of amiodarone; the symptoms and pleural effusions resolved after the amiodarone dosage was reduced. Use of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated that the association between the pleural effusions and amiodarone was highly probable (score of 9). This case report emphasizes that amiodarone should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with exudative effusions after a thorough workup has excluded other causes. Amiodarone should be replaced with alternative antiarrhythmic therapy if clinically feasible, and corticosteroids may be beneficial.
• Alalawi, R., Lowe, D. B., Aldrich, J. F., Shearer, M. H., Jumper, C. A., & Kennedy, R. C. (2009). Mechanisms of cancer vaccine induced tumor immunity in an experimental murine pulmonary metastasis preclinical model. JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY, 4(9), S602-S602.
• Palacio, C., Nugent, K., Alalawi, R., & Cevik, C. (2009). Severe reversible myocardial depression in a patient with Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis suggesting tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY, 135(1), E16-E19.
• Palacio, C., Nugent, K., Alalawi, R., & Cevik, C. (2009). Severe reversible myocardial depression in a patient with Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis suggesting tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy. International journal of cardiology, 135(1), e16-9.
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  Acute coronary syndromes are not uncommon in medical intensive care units. Multiple molecular, pharmacologic, and hemodynamic mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis resulting in increased mortality in this setting. Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy is a recently defined uncommon cardiac syndrome with characteristic features often encountered in patients with hyperadrenergic situations such as emotional stress. Although myocardial depression in sepsis can be expected in previously healthy individuals; tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy is rarely reported in septic patients. In this case report we present a 52 year-old man with sepsis secondary to Pseudomonas pneumonia who developed significant segmental wall motion abnormalities during the disease course. The patient's myocardial function recovered completely soon after the sepsis resolved. Clinical, echocardiographic, and coronary angiographic findings suggested the diagnosis of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy in this patient.
• Raj, R., Guerra, D., Sehli, S., Nipp, R., Perdue, N., Alalawi, R., Jager, L., & Nugent, K. (2009). One Hundred-Foot Walk Test for Functional Assessment of Clinic Patients. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES, 338(5), 361-367.
• Raj, R., Guerra, D., Sehli, S., Nipp, R., Perdue, N., Alalawi, R., Jager, L., & Nugent, K. (2009). One hundred-foot walk test for functional assessment of clinic patients. The American journal of the medical sciences, 338(5), 361-7.
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  Gait velocity measurements provide functional assessment of patients with diverse diseases and allow predictions about future adverse events. The optimal distance for patient classification is uncertain.
• Sehli, S., Nugent, K. M., Samathanam, C. A., & Alalawi, R. (2009). An 18-Year-Old Woman With Hyperammonemia. CHEST, 135(3), 869-871.
• Sehli, S., Nugent, K. M., Samathanam, C. A., & Alalawi, R. (2009). An 18-year-old woman with hyperammonemia. Chest, 135(3), 869-871.
• Afshar, K., Alalawi, R., & Boylen, C. T. (2007). Micronodular radiographic pulmonary pattern in metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 99(5), 575-577.
• Afshar, K., Alalawi, R., & Boylen, C. T. (2007). Micronodular radiographic pulmonary pattern in metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Journal of the National Medical Association, 99(5), 575-7.
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  Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is a rare form of all thyroid malignancies, thereby limiting the clinical nature and the ability to optimize diagnostic tools. We present two cases of a micronodular radiographic pulmonary pattern in metastatic medullary thyroid cancer to enhance awareness of the disease process. We reviewed the literature to examine the ideal methods to establish a diagnosis.
• Wei, K. K., Alalawi, R., & Sharma, O. P. (2006). Cryptococcal mediastinitis secondary to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. CHEST, 130(4), 320S-321S.
• Alalawi, R., Whelan, T., Bajwa, R. S., & Hodges, T. N. (2005). Lung transplantation and interstitial lung disease. Current opinion in pulmonary medicine, 11(5), 461-6.
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  Interstitial lung disease includes a heterogeneous group of disorders that leads to respiratory insufficiency and death in a significant number of patients. Lung transplantation is a therapeutic option in select candidates.
• Shander, A., Alalawi, R., Seeber, P., & Lui, J. (2004). Use of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier in the treatment of severe anemia. Obstetrics and gynecology, 103(5 Pt 2), 1096-9.
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  Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers hold promise for the treatment of acute anemia.