R John Hurlbert

Interests

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Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Chapters

• Hurlbert, R. J. (2017). Intraoperative Monitoring in Routine and Complex Surgery. In Benzel’s Spine Surgery: Techniques, Complication Avoidance, and Management 4th Edition.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2017). Nonsurgical and Postsurgical Management of Low Back Pain. In Youmans Neurological Surgery 7th Edition.

Journals/Publications

• Avila, M., Dumont, T., Ganapathy, V., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2023). Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Ligamentous Injury in Cervical Spine Trauma: A 2-Year Consecutive Case Cohort. . World Neurosurgery, 01832-6((23)), S1878-8750. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2023.12.098
• Avila, M., Farber, S., Rabah, N., Hopp, M., Chapple, K., Hurlbert, R. J., & Tumialan, L. (2023). Nonoperative versus operative management of type II odontoid fracture in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. J Neurosurgery Spine. doi:10.3171/2023.6.SPINE22920
• Meyer, B., de Andrada Pereira, B., Mamaril-Davis, J., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2023). Consultations During COVID: Effects of a Pandemic on Neurosurgical Care.. World Neurosurgery, (23)00794-5, S1878-8750. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2023.06.029
• Alvarez Reyes, A., Jack, A. S., Hurlbert, R. J., & Ramey, W. L. (2022). Complications in the Elderly Population Undergoing Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Global spine journal, 12(8), 1934-1942.
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  Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
• Aly, M. M., Elemam, R. A., El-Sharkawi, M., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2022). Injury of the Thoracolumbar Posterior Ligamentous Complex: A Bibliometric Literature Review. World neurosurgery, 161, 21-33.
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  To conduct a bibliometric review of literature on posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) injury in thoracolumbar trauma to guide future research.
• Garg, K., Agrawal, D., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2022). Expansive Duraplasty - Simple Technique with Promising Results in Complete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Preliminary Study. Neurology India, 70(1), 319-324.
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  Complete cervical spinal cord injury is devastating with the currently available treatment modalities offering no hope for improvement. Intrathecal pressure is raised following spinal cord injury due to injured and edematous spinal cord. Due to constraints of the thecal sac, this sets up a vicious cascade leading to further spinal cord injury. Durotomy and expansile duraplasty could potentially prevent this secondary spinal cord injury. The aim of our study is to assess the advantage of durotomy and expansile duraplasty in addition to spinal bony decompression and fixation for traumatic cervical spine fracture.
• de Andrada Pereira, B., Meyer, B. M., Alvarez Reyes, A., Orenday-Barraza, J. M., Brasiliense, L. B., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2022). Traumatic cervical spine subarachnoid hemorrhage with hematoma and cord compression presenting as Brown-Séqüard syndrome: illustrative case. Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons, 4(23).
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  Spinal hematomas are a rare entity with broad etiologies, which stem from idiopathic, tumor-related, and vascular malformation etiologies. Less common causes include traumatic blunt nonpenetrating spinal hematomas with very few cases being reported. In the present manuscript presents a case report and review of the literature of a rare traumatic entity of a cervical subarachnoid hematoma in association with Brown-Séquard syndrome in a patient on anticoagulants. Searches were performed on PubMed and Embase for specific terms related.
• Avila, M. J., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2021). Central Cord Syndrome Redefined. Neurosurgery clinics of North America, 32(3), 353-363.
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  This article reviews the historical origins of central cord syndrome (CCS), the mechanism of injury, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. CCS is the most common form of incomplete spinal cord injury. CCS involves a spectrum of neurologic deficits preferentially affecting the hands and arms. Evidence suggests that in the twenty-first century CCS has become the most common form of spinal cord injury overall. In an era of big data and the need to standardize this particular diagnosis to unite outcome data, we propose redefining CCS as any adult cervical spinal cord injury in the absence of fracture/dislocation.
• Ramey, W. L., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2021). COVID Contingencies: Resource Rationing on a Global Scale. World neurosurgery, 145, 368-369.
• Ramey, W. L., Reyes, A. A., Avila, M. J., Hurlbert, R. J., Chapman, J. R., & Dumont, T. M. (2021). The Central Cord Score: A Novel Classification and Scoring System Specific to Acute Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome. World neurosurgery, 156, e235-e242.
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  Acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS) is the most common form of spinal cord injury in the United States. Treatment remains controversial, which is a consequence of ATCCS having an inherently different natural history from conventional spinal cord injury, thus requiring a separate classification system. We devised a novel Central Cord Score (CCscore), which both guides treatment and tracks improvement over time with symptoms specific to ATCCS.
• Reyes, A. A., Hurlbert, R. J., Dumont, T. M., & Ramey, W. L. (2021). The Number of Organ System Injuries Is a Predictor of Intrahospital Mortality in Complete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. World neurosurgery.
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  We sought to determine the extent to which polytrauma significantly impacts intrahospital mortality among patients with complete cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI) and to assess whether an organ system-based approach would be appropriate as a mortality predictor as compared with conventional standards to help guide prognosis and management.
• Avila, M. J., Martirosyan, N. L., Hurlbert, R. J., & Dumont, T. M. (2020). Penetrating Spinal Cord Injury in civilians: analysis of a national database. World neurosurgery.
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  Spinal trauma is common in polytrauma; spinal cord injury (SCI) is present in a subset of these patients. Penetrating SCI has been studied in the military; however, civilian SCI is less studied. Civilian injury pathophysiology varies given the generally lower velocity of the projectiles. We sought to investigate civilian penetrating SCI in the United States.
• Berger, G. K., Nisson, P. L., James, W. S., Kaiser, K. N., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2019). Outcomes in different age groups with primary Ewing sarcoma of the spine: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine, 1-10.
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  OBJECTIVEEwing sarcoma (ES) is among the most prevalent of bone sarcomas in young people. Less often, it presents as a primary lesion of the spine (5%-15% of patients with ES).METHODSA systematic literature search was performed, querying several scientific databases per PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria specified all studies of patients with surgically treated ES located in the spine. Patient age was categorized into three groups: 0-13 years (age group 1), 14-20 years (age group 2), and > 21 (age group 3).RESULTSEighteen studies were included, yielding 28 patients with ES of the spine. Sixty-seven percent of patients experienced a favorable outcome, with laminectomies representing the most common (46%) of surgical interventions. One-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 82% (n = 23), 75% (n = 21), and 57% (n = 16), respectively. Patients in age group 2 experienced the greatest mortality rate (75%) compared to age group 1 (9%) and age group 3 (22%). The calculated relative risk score indicated patients in age group 2 were 7.5 times more likely to die than other age groups combined (p = 0.02).CONCLUSIONSPrimary ES of the spine is a rare, debilitating disease in which the role of surgery and its impact on one's quality of life and independence status has not been well described. This study found the majority of patients experienced a favorable outcome with respect to independence status following surgery and adjunctive treatment. An increased risk of recurrence and death was also present among the adolescent age group (14-20 years).
• Dhall, S. S., Kurpad, S. N., Hurlbert, R. J., & Mummaneni, P. V. (2019). Introduction. Acute spinal cord injury. Neurosurgical focus, 46(3), E1.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2019). Editorial. Penetrating spinal trauma: snapshot of the American epidemic. Neurosurgical focus, 46(3), E5.
• Ramey, W. L., Walter, C. M., Zeller, J., Dumont, T. M., Lemole, G. M., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2019). In Reply: Neurotrauma From Border Wall Jumping: 6 Years at the Mexican-American Border Wall. Neurosurgery, 85(4), E792.
• Ramey, W. L., Walter, C. M., Zeller, J., Dumont, T. M., Lemole, G. M., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2019). Neurotrauma From Border Wall Jumping: 6 Years at the Mexican-American Border Wall. Neurosurgery, 85(3), E502-E508.
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  The border between the United States (US) and Mexico is an international boundary spanning 3000 km, where unauthorized crossings occur regularly. We examine patterns of neurotrauma, health care utilization, and financial costs at our level 1 trauma center incurred by patients from wall-jumping into the US.
• Yang, M. M., Ryu, W. H., Casha, S., DuPlessis, S., Jacobs, W. B., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2019). Heterotopic ossification and radiographic adjacent-segment disease after cervical disc arthroplasty. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine, 1-10.
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  Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) is an accepted motion-sparing technique associated with favorable patient outcomes. However, heterotopic ossification (HO) and adjacent-segment degeneration are poorly understood adverse events that can be observed after CDA. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively examine 1) the effect of the residual exposed endplate (REE) on HO, and 2) identify risk factors predicting radiographic adjacent-segment disease (rASD) in a consecutive cohort of CDA patients.
• Zaninovich, O. A., Avila, M. J., Kay, M., Becker, J. L., Hurlbert, R. J., & Martirosyan, N. L. (2019). The role of diffusion tensor imaging in the diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of recovery and treatment of spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Neurosurgical focus, 46(3), E7.
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  OBJECTIVEDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MRI tool that provides an objective, noninvasive, in vivo assessment of spinal cord injury (SCI). DTI is significantly better at visualizing microstructures than standard MRI sequences. In this imaging modality, the direction and amplitude of the diffusion of water molecules inside tissues is measured, and this diffusion can be measured using a variety of parameters. As a result, the potential clinical application of DTI has been studied in several spinal cord pathologies, including SCI. The aim of this study was to describe the current state of the potential clinical utility of DTI in patients with SCI and the challenges to its use as a tool in clinical practice.METHODSA search in the PubMed database was conducted for articles relating to the use of DTI in SCI. The citations of relevant articles were also searched for additional articles.RESULTSAmong the most common DTI metrics are fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity. Changes in these metrics reflect changes in tissue integrity. Several DTI metrics and combinations thereof have demonstrated significant correlations with clinical function both in model species and in humans. Its applications encompass the full spectrum of the clinical assessment of SCI including diagnosis, prognosis, recovery, and efficacy of treatments in both the spinal cord and potentially the brain.CONCLUSIONSDTI and its metrics have great potential to become a powerful clinical tool in SCI. However, the current limitations of DTI preclude its use beyond research and into clinical practice. Further studies are needed to significantly improve and resolve these limitations as well as to determine reliable time-specific changes in multiple DTI metrics for this tool to be used accurately and reliably in the clinical setting.
• Casha, S., Rice, T., Stirling, D. P., Silva, C., Gnanapavan, S., Giovannoni, G., Hurlbert, R. J., & Yong, V. W. (2018). Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Human Spinal Cord Injury from a Phase II Minocycline Trial. Journal of neurotrauma, 35(16), 1918-1928.
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  Inflammatory changes after spinal cord injury (SCI) have been reported in animal models, but human studies are relatively limited. We examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from subjects enrolled in a phase II placebo-controlled trial of minocycline for evidence of inflammatory and structural changes after acute human SCI. CSF was collected from 29 subjects every 6 h for 7 days and investigated for eight molecules. CSF from 6 normal subjects (lumbar microdiscectomy patients without central nervous system pathology) was also examined for comparison. Cumulative levels of CSF molecules were compared between patients with motor complete and motor incomplete injury, between those receiving minocycline or placebo, and correlated to neurological outcome at 1 year (alpha = 0.05). We found that levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (monocyte chemoattractant), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10; T-cell chemoattractant), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), neurofilament heavy chain (NfH), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were significantly elevated after SCI. Neural cell adhesion molecule and nitric oxide oxidation products (NOx) were not significantly altered. Levels of IL-1β, MMP-9, and HO-1 were higher in subjects with more severe motor impairment. Higher cumulative levels of IL-1β, MMP-9, and CXCL10 exhibited moderate, but significant, correlation with worse motor recovery at 12 months. Only HO-1 and NfH appeared to vary with minocycline treatment; HO-1 lacked a later peak compared to placebo-treated subjects while NfH did not manifest its early peak with treatment. These analyses of CSF biomarkers imply a pathophysiological role for particular molecules and suggest mechanistic targets for minocycline in human traumatic SCI.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2018). RHSCIR Network: The Impact of Spine Stability on Cervical Spinal Cord Injury with respect to Demographics, Management, and Outcome: A Prospective Cohort from a National Spinal Cord Injury Registry. Spine Journal: Official Journal of the North American Spine Society.
• Iyer, S., Hurlbert, R. J., & Albert, T. J. (2018). Management of Odontoid Fractures in the Elderly: A Review of the Literature and an Evidence-Based Treatment Algorithm. Neurosurgery, 82(4), 419-430.
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  Odontoid fractures are the most common fracture of the axis and the most common cervical spine fracture in patients over 65. Despite their frequency, there is considerable ambiguity regarding optimal management strategies for these fractures in the elderly. Poor bone health and medical comorbidities contribute to increased surgical risk in this population; however, nonoperative management is associated with a risk of nonunion or fibrous union. We provide a review of the existing literature and discuss the classification and evaluation of odontoid fractures. The merits of operative vs nonoperative management, fibrous union, and the choice of operative approach in elderly patients are discussed. A treatment algorithm is presented based on the available literature. We believe that type I and type III odontoid fractures can be managed in a collar in most cases. Type II fractures with any additonal risk factors for nonunion (displacement, comminution, etc) should be considered for surgical management. However, the risks of surgery in an elderly population must be carefully considered on a case-by-case basis. In a frail elderly patient, a fibrous nonunion with close follow-up is an acceptable outcome. If operative management is chosen, a posterior approach is should be chosen when fracture- or patient-related factors make an anterior approach challenging. The high levels of morbidity and mortality associated with odontoid fractures should encourage all providers to pursue medical co-management and optimization of bone health following diagnosis.
• Nisson, P. L., Berger, G. K., James, W. S., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2018). Surgical Techniques and Associated Outcomes of Primary Chondrosarcoma of the Spine. World neurosurgery, 119, e32-e45.
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  Only a few case reports and case series exist reporting on primary chondrosarcomas of the spine. The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of this patient population and surgical techniques used for treatment.
• Bina, R. W., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2017). Sacroiliac Fusion: Another "Magic Bullet" Destined for Disrepute. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America, 313-320.
• Glennie, R. A., Bailey, C. S., Tsai, E. C., Noonan, V. K., Rivers, C. S., Fourney, D. R., Ahn, H., Kwon, B. K., Paquet, J., Drew, B., Fehlings, M. G., Attabib, N., Christie, S. D., Finkelstein, J., Hurlbert, R. J., Parent, S., & Dvorak, M. F. (2017). An analysis of ideal and actual time to surgery after traumatic spinal cord injury in Canada. Spinal cord, 55(6), 618-623.
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  Retrospective analysis of a prospective registry and surgeon survey.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2017). The importance of a neck exam in sport-related concussion: Cervical schwannoma in post concussion syndrome. Physical Therapy in Sport.
• Paquet, J., Rivers, C. S., Kurban, D., Finkelstein, J., Tee, J. W., Noonan, V. K., Kwon, B. K., Hurlbert, R. J., Christie, S., Tsai, E. C., Ahn, H., Drew, B., Bailey, C. S., Fourney, D. R., Attabib, N., Johnson, M. G., Fehlings, M. G., Parent, S., & Dvorak, M. F. (2017). The impact of spine stability on cervical spinal cord injury with respect to demographics, management, and outcome: a prospective cohort from a national spinal cord injury registry. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society, 18(1), 88-98.
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  Emergent surgery for patients with a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is seen as the gold standard in acute management. However, optimal treatment for those with the clinical diagnosis of central cord syndrome (CCS) is less clear, and classic definitions of CCS do not identify a unique population of patients.
• Ryu, W. H., Dharampal, N., Mostafa, A. E., Sharlin, E., Kopp, G., Jacobs, W. B., Hurlbert, R. J., Chan, S., & Sutherland, G. R. (2017). Systematic Review of Patient-Specific Surgical Simulation: Toward Advancing Medical Education. Journal of surgical education, 74(6), 1028-1038.
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  Simulation-based education has been shown to be an effective tool to teach foundational technical skills in various surgical specialties. However, most of the current simulations are limited to generic scenarios and do not allow continuation of the learning curve beyond basic technical skills to prepare for more advanced expertise, such as patient-specific surgical planning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current medical literature with respect to the utilization and educational value of patient-specific simulations for surgical training.
• Ryu, W. H., Mostafa, A. E., Dharampal, N., Sharlin, E., Kopp, G., Jacobs, W. B., Hurlbert, R. J., Chan, S., & Sutherland, G. R. (2017). Design-Based Comparison of Spine Surgery Simulators: Optimizing Educational Features of Surgical Simulators. World neurosurgery, 106, 870-877.e1.
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  Simulation-based education has made its entry into surgical residency training, particularly as an adjunct to hands-on clinical experience. However, one of the ongoing challenges to wide adoption is the capacity of simulators to incorporate educational features required for effective learning. The aim of this study was to identify strengths and limitations of spine simulators to characterize design elements that are essential in enhancing resident education.
• St-Pierre, G. H., Yang, M. H., Bourget-Murray, J., Thomas, K. C., Hurlbert, R. J., & Matthes, N. (2017). Performance Indicators in Spine Surgery. Spine.
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  Systematic Review.
• Yavin, D., Casha, S., Wiebe, S., Feasby, T. E., Clark, C., Isaacs, A., Holroyd-Leduc, J., Hurlbert, R. J., Quan, H., Nataraj, A., Sutherland, G. R., & Jette, N. (2017). Lumbar Fusion for Degenerative Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. NEUROSURGERY, 80(5), 701-714.

Presentations

• Hurlbert, R. J. (2023, April 4-5). Modern Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury.  . Visiting Professor University of Missouri. Columbia MO.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2023, Dec 10-15). Classification and Treatment of Cervical Spine Trauma. Comprehensive Clinical Neurosurgery Review; Course Faculty. Krakow Poland.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2023, Dec 10-15). Guidelines in the Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury.  . Comprehensive Clinical Neurosurgery Review; Course Faculty. Krakow Poland.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2023, Dec 10-15). Spinal Decompression When and How.. Comprehensive Clinical Neurosurgery Review; Course Faculty. Krakow Poland.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2023, Mar 15-19). Non-operative Management for Spinal Cord Compression from Cervical Disc Herniation; Cahill Debate.  . Invited Speaker, Annual Meeting of the AANS/CNS Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves. Miami Beach FL.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2023, Sept 24-28). The Changing Face of Spinal Cord Injury: Equipoise Again?. Invited Speaker, Annual European Congress of Neurosurgery. Barcelona Spain.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2021). Critical Care Management of Spinal Cord Injury. Neurotrauma Critical Care Diploma Course.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2021). Degenerative Disease of the Lumbar Spine: a Spectrum of Pain and Disability. McMaster University Neuroscience Symposium – Visiting Professor.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2021). Emerging Trends in Spine Trauma. 7th Annual Spine Trauma SummitSeattle Science Foundation.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2021). Motion Preservation in Central Cord Syndrome. Congress of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting. Austin TX.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2021). Spinal Cord Injury; an Evidence-Based Approach. 9th Annual Resident Review Course.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2021). Surgical Timing in Central Cord Syndrome. Neurotrauma 2021 Annual Meeting.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2020, Spring). Cervical Spine Case Management - Treatment of Central Cord Syndrome. AANS/CNS Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves. Las Vegas, NV: AANS/CNS Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2020, Spring). Spine surgery is superior; Canada vs US. Moderator – Cahill Controversies. AANS/CNS Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves. Las Vegas, NV: AANS/CNS Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2020, Winter). Spinal cord injury; guidelines and common sense. 8th Annual Resident Review Course. Ottawa, ON.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2019, December). Cervical and thoracolumbar trauma; classification and management. Comprehensive Clinical Review Course. Krakow, PL.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2019, December). Psychometrics of high stakes examinations, Wallace / Cusimano Mentorship Award lecture. Comprehensive Clinical Review Course. Krakow, PL.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2019, December). Spinal decompression – when and how. Comprehensive Clinical Review Course. Krakow, PL.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2019, October). Pharmacological treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Congress of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2019, Spring). Evidence-Based Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Canadian Neurosurgery Residency Review Course. Ottawa ON.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2019, Spring). Spine Specialty Specific Oral Board Review. 35th Annual Meeting of the AANS/CNS Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves. Miami, FL: AANS/CNS Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2019, Summer). Contemporary Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury; Guidelines. Current Advances in Spinal Cord Injury Research 9th annual symposium. Newark, NJ.
• Martirosyan, N., Avila, M., Dumont, T. M., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2019, Spring). Complications Related to Immobilization of Cervical Spine Fractures with a Halo Vest. 35th Annual Meeting of the AANS/CNS Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves. Miami, FL: AANS/CNS Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves.
• Yang, M. H., Ryu, W. H., Casha, S., DuPlessis, S. J., Jacobs, B., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2019, Spring). Residual Exposed Endplate Predicts High Grade Heterotopic Ossification in Cervical Disc Arthroplasty. 35th Annual Meeting of the AANS/CNS Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves. Miami, FL: AANS/CNS Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves.
• Berger, G. K., Nisson, P. L., James, W. S., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2018, April). Surgical treatment and outcomes of primary spinal sarcomas: A systematic review. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Annual Scientific Meeting. New Orleans, LA. Apr. 28, 2018.
• Berger, G. K., Nisson, P. L., James, W. S., Kaiser, K. N., & Hurlbert, R. J. (2018, April). Sex hormones implicated in the pathogenesis of primary Ewing sarcoma of the spine. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Annual Scientific Meeting. New Orleans, LA. Apr. 28, 2018.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2018, December). Spinal Decompression; When and How?. Comprehensive Clinical Neurosurgery Review Course. Krakow, Poland.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2018, June). Cervical Disc Arthroplasty – Lessons from 3 Generations. 53rd Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Neurosurgical Society. Banff, AB.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2018, June). Spinal Cord Injury – Nuts and Bolts. 53rd Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Neurosurgical Society. Banff, AB.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2018, September). Nuances of Lumbar Microdiscectomy. 64th Annual Meeting of the Western Neurosurgical Society. Waimea HI.
• Hurlbert, R. J., & Ramey, W. (2018, June). Six Years of Border Jumping: Does the Fence Really Work?. 53rd Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Neurosurgical Society. Banff, AB.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2017, January). Cervical Radiculopathy – A Surgeon’s Perspective. Neuroscience Grand Rounds, University of Arizona. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona College of Medicine.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2017, March). Odontoid Screw Fixation – Technical Considerations. Craniocervical Junction Workshop. Barcelona, Spain.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2017, May). Contemporary Management of Spinal Cord Injury. Department of Surgery Grand Rounds, University of Arizona. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona College of Medicine.
• Hurlbert, R. J. (2017, May). Short Segment Cranio-Cervical Reconstruction. XXI Congress of the Spanish Neurosurgery Society. Barcelona Spain: Congress of the Spanish Neurosurgery Society.
• Hurlbert, R. J., Lemole, G. M., Dumont, T. M., Zeller, J., Walter, C. M., & Ramey, W. L. (2017, October). Neurotrauma after Jumping Over the United States-Mexico Border Wall: Demographics and Cost Analysis. EANS 2017 Annual Meeting Controversies and Solutions in Neurosurgery, Venice, Italy in October 1 - 5, 2017. Venice, Italy: EANS.