Scott Craig Goodwin

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Journals/Publications

• Goodwin, S. C., Chang, C., & Shieh, Y. (2017). Quantitative Measurement of White Matter Lesions Using Semi-automated Method. International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics. doi:10.17706/ijbbb.2017.7.4.238-244
• Goodwin, S. C., Costantino, M., & Khalsa, B. (2017). Uterine artery embolization followed by elective myomectomy for the treatment of intracavitary fibroids: preliminary experience. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.696
• Goodwin, S. C., Lall, C., Imagawa, D. K., Nayyar, M., Sirlin, C., Fernando, D., & Lam, A. (2017). Value of the portal venous phase in evaluation of treated hepatocellular carcinoma following transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation. Clinical Radiology. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2017.07.003
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  To evaluate the utility of the portal venous phase on multiphasic computed tomography (CT) after treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with trans-arterial chemoembolisation (TACE).This was a retrospective review of patients who underwent TACE for HCC between 1 April 2012 and 21 December 2014, with appropriate multiphasic, pre- and post-procedural CT examinations. The maximum non-contrast, arterial phase, and portal venous phase attenuation values of the tumour and tumour bed were evaluated within a region of interest (ROI), with values adjusted against background hepatic parenchyma. Linear regression analyses were performed for both the arterial and venous phases, to assess the level of enhancement and to determine if the venous phase had additional value in this setting.A total of 86 cases from 51 patients were reviewed. All pre-procedural CT examinations of lesions demonstrated arterial phase enhancement with portal venous and delayed phase washout compatible with HCC. The post-procedural CT examinations following TACE revealed expected decreased arterial enhancement. Sixty-five cases (76%) showed persistent non-enhancement on the portal venous phase following embolisation therapy. A total of 21 cases (24%), however, demonstrated progressive portal venous hyper enhancement. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a statistical significance between the difference in maximal arterial and portal venous enhancement in these cases.Following TACE, the treated lesion may demonstrate portal venous phase hyper-enhancement within the tumour bed. As such, full attention should be given to these images for comprehensive evaluation of tumour response following treatment.
• Goodwin, S. C., Abi-Jaoudeh, N., Fernando, D., Nelson, K. A., Bui, K., Rapp, G., & Lam, A. (2016). Pre and post-procedural evaluation of imaging biomarkers after radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma as an indicator of progression. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.398
• Goodwin, S. C., Bhargava, P., Cody, M. J., Helmy, M., Houshyar, R., Lall, C., & Bozoghlanian, M. (2016). Duplex Doppler Imaging of Dialysis Fistulae and Grafts. Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology. doi:10.1067/j.cpradiol.2015.06.003
• Goodwin, S. C., DeLancey, J. O., Reynolds, R. K., Anderson, T. L., Kho, R. M., Raman, S. S., Benrubi, G. I., Al-Hendy, A., Lurain, J. R., Frumovitz, M., Paraiso, M. F., Israel, R., Siedhoff, M. T., Adamson, G. D., Kilpatrick, S. J., Ascher-Walsh, C., Jacoby, A., Dionne, C., Rice, L. W., , Bilchik, A. J., et al. (2016). An Open Letter to the Food and Drug Administration Regarding the Use of Morcellation Procedures in Women Having Surgery for Presumed Uterine Myomas. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology. doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2015.12.012
• Goodwin, S. C., Ward, G., Choi, J., Yang, A., Helmy, M., Houshyar, R., Lall, C., & Iranpour, P. (2016). Altered Doppler flow patterns in cirrhosis patients: an overview. Ultrasonography. doi:10.14366/usg.15020
• Goodwin, S. C., Zhang, X., Looney, M. R., Liu, D. R., Lewandowski, R. J., Kehoe, S., Boyd, D., Amensag, S., & Abraham, R. T. (2016). A Bilateral Partial Swine Renal Artery Embolization Study using “Imageable” Embolic Microspheres: Assessment of Mechanism of Occlusion, Embolization Effectiveness, Device Migration and Safety. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2016.03.020
• Goodwin, S. C., Cook, P. S., Soares, G. M., Min, R. J., Matsumoto, A. H., Khilnani, N. M., Brant-Zawadzki, M., McGinty, G., & Charalel, R. A. (2015). Interventional Radiology Delivers High-Value Health Care and Is an Imaging 3.0 Vanguard. Journal of The American College of Radiology. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2014.10.024
• Goodwin, S. C., Lamba, R., Gulati, R., Tirkes, T., Lall, C., & Jia, J. B. (2015). Chemotherapy-related complications in the kidneys and collecting system: an imaging perspective. Insights Into Imaging. doi:10.1007/s13244-015-0417-x
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  Nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect of many chemotherapeutic agents. The agents most commonly associated with chemotherapy-associated nephrotoxicity are methotrexate, semustine, streptozocin, mithramycin, and cisplatin. Certain chemotherapeutic agents have adverse effects on the kidneys and urothelium that can be visualized radiographically, including cystic change, interstitial nephritis, papillary necrosis, urothelial changes, haemorrhagic cystitis, acute tubular necrosis, and infarction. This review focuses on imaging features identifying complications of chemotherapy in the kidneys and collecting system and provides didactic cases to alert referring clinicians.• Nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect of many chemotherapeutic agents. • Chemotherapies have adverse renal and urothelial effects that can be visualized radiographically. • Crizotinib use can result in the development of complex renal cysts.
• Goodwin, S. C., Lamba, R., Gulati, R., Tirkes, T., Lall, C., & Jia, J. B. (2015). Chemotherapy-related complications in the kidneys and collecting system: an imaging perspective. PMC.
• Goodwin, S. C., Tabibzadeh, S., Sanokawa-Akakura, R., Akakura, S., & Ostrakhovitch, E. A. (2015). Dedifferentiation of cancer cells following recovery from a potentially lethal damage is mediated by H2S–Nampt. Experimental Cell Research. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.027
• Goodwin, S. C. (2014). Society of Interventional Radiology 2014 Presidential Address. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2014.05.010
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  We are living through some of the most dramatic changes in America’s health care system since the advent of Medicare: the Affordable Care Act, potential changes to the Medicare Sustainable Growth Rate formula, and more regulation by accrediting bodies with an ever-increasing emphasis on documentation and quality.
• Goodwin, S. C., Anavim, A., & Mamlouk, M. D. (2014). Radiology Residents Rounding With the Clinical Teams: A Pilot Study to Improve the Radiologist's Visibility as a Consultant. Journal of The American College of Radiology. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2013.04.012
• Goodwin, S. C., Chin, S. C., Wong, H., Chang, Y. J., Lee, T., Shieh, M., Chang, C., & Shieh, Y. (2014). Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Hyperacute Stroke with Thrombolysis Decision Support Using a Contralateral Comparative Method of CT Image Analysis. Journal of Digital Imaging. doi:10.1007/s10278-013-9672-x
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  New and improved techniques have been continuously introduced into CT and MR imaging modalities for the diagnosis and therapy planning of acute stroke. Nevertheless, non-contrast CT (NCCT) is almost always used by every institution as the front line diagnostic imaging modality due to its high affordability and availability. Consequently, the potential reward of extracting as much clinical information as possible from NCCT images can be very great. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has become the gold standard for treating acute ischemic stroke because it is the only acute stroke intervention approved by the FDA. ASPECTS scoring based on NCCT images has been shown to be a reliable scoring method that helps physicians to make sound decisions regarding tPA administration. In order to further reduce inter-observer variation, we have developed the first end-to-end automatic ASPECTS scoring system using a novel method of contralateral comparison. Due to the self-adaptive nature of the method, our system is robust and has good generalizability. ROC analysis based on evaluation of 103 subjects who presented to the stroke center of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital with symptoms of acute stroke has shown that our system's dichromatic classification of patients into thrombolysis indicated or thrombolysis contraindicated groups has achieved a high accuracy rate with AUC equal to 90.2 %. The average processing time for a single case is 170 s. In conclusion, our system has the potential of enhancing quality of care and providing clinical support in the setting of a busy stroke or emergency center.
• Goodwin, S. C., Tabibzadeh, S., Akakura, S., Ostrakhovitch, E. A., & Sanokawa-Akakura, R. (2014). A H2S-Nampt Dependent Energetic Circuit Is Critical to Survival and Cytoprotection from Damage in Cancer Cells. PLOS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108537
• Goodwin, S. C., Lee, T., Chang, C., Shieh, M., & Shieh, Y. (2013). Knowledge Augmented Medical Image Retrieval System. Research Papers in Economics.
• Goodwin, S. C., Findeiss, L. K., Armstrong, J. A., & Louie, A. R. (2012). Comparison of Sexual Dysfunction Using the Female Sexual Function Index following Surgical Treatments for Uterine Fibroids. Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology. doi:10.1155/2012/368136
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  Uterine fibroids are a common problem in women. Statistics showing 20–50% of fibroids produce symptoms and consequently patients seek surgical intervention to improve their quality of life. Treatments for fibroids are typically successful in controlling the fibroid disease, yet sexual function following invasive surgical treatments for fibroids can be jeopardized. The Sexual Function Index (FSFI) is a valid instrument producing quantifiable reproducible results. In this paper three case reports are evaluated by the FSFI and compared between the following treatment groups: hysterectomy, myomectomy, and uterine embolization. Our goal is to illustrate how each of these treatment outcomes can result in sexual dysfunction and therefore decreased quality of life. Effects of invasive fibroid treatments on sexual functioning would be helpful in guiding patient’s ultimate decisions regarding treatment.
• Goodwin, S. C., Manolov, N., Ray, C. E., Duszak, R., Murphy, T. P., Dhangana, R., & Zafar, A. M. (2012). Lower-Extremity Endovascular Interventions for Medicare Beneficiaries: Comparative Effectiveness as a Function of Provider Specialty. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2011.09.005
• Goodwin, S. C., Cardella, J. F., Vedantham, S., Silberzweig, J. E., Sidhu, M., Miller, D. L., Hicks, M. E., Dixon, R. G., Benenati, J. F., Kuo, M. D., & Murphy, T. P. (2011). Position Statement by the Society of Interventional Radiology: Maintenance of Privileges for Image-guided Interventions. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2011.08.001
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  This credentialing document pertains to maintenance of noncoronary per-cutaneous interventional procedures privileges in the hospital setting. Safeand efficacious delivery of these services requires proficiency in theperformance of image-guided interventions. The education, experience,and skills required to perform image-guided interventions are extensive.Many interventional radiologists have demonstrated adequate training andeducation to provide these services by obtaining Subspecialty Certificationin Vascular and Interventional Radiology from the American Board ofRadiology.TheSocietyofInterventionalRadiology(SIR)believesthattheglobal skill set of those practitioners who have obtained and maintain thiscertificate be considered strongly for maintenance of privileges for image-guided interventions. Specifically, those who have achieved and maintainthat certificate should be considered qualified unless there is specificevidence in terms of outcomes of procedures that indicates competency islacking.
• Goodwin, S. C., Smith, C. W., Nguyen, T. H., Vajgrt, D., Lane, J. S., Katz, M. H., Tan, V. H., Hanna, M. H., Findeiss, L. K., Imagawa, D. K., & Keleman, A. (2011). Associated Vascular Injury in Patients with Bile Duct Injury During Cholecystectomy. American Surgeon. doi:10.1177/000313481107701012
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  Cholecystectomy remains one of the most commonly performed procedures in general surgery. Although the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of bile duct (BD) injuries have been well described, studies characterizing associated vascular injuries are limited. The objective of this study was to analyze the frequency and management of associated vascular and BD injury after cholecystectomy. A total of 50 patients were referred to a tertiary institution for BD injuries from 1996 to 2010. Thirty-nine (78%) of the patients were female with the mean age of 49 years (range, 14 to 86 years). Seventy-five per cent of the injuries were Strasberg Type E. Nine patients (18%) had associated vascular injuries. Six patients had injuries to the right hepatic artery; in one patient, both the right and left hepatic arteries were damaged. Five patients had right portal vein injuries; three of these subsequently died. In conclusion, as a result of the high incidence of associated vascular injury, a thin-collimation CT angiogram and/or mesenteric angiogram with portal venous imaging should be considered as part of the preoperative evaluation in patients with BD injury.
• Goodwin, S. C., & Spies, J. B. (2009). Case 27-2009: A Woman with Fever, Rash, and Lymphadenopathy. NEJM.
• Goodwin, S. C., & Spies, J. B. (2009). Uterine fibroid embolization.. The New England journal of medicine, 361(7), 690-7. doi:10.1056/nejmct0806942
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  A 45-year-old, premenopausal black woman (gravida 3, para 2, with a history of one spontaneous abortion) presents with menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea that has worsened progressively over a period of 10 years. She does not wish to have any more children. On physical examination, she has a firm, nontender, enlarged uterus. The ovaries are not palpable. Laboratory tests in the past had revealed intermittent mild anemia that was correctable with iron supplementation, but more severe anemia has been noted recently, and she has had increasing difficulty managing her menstrual bleeding. In-office ultrasound examinations have shown several intramural uterine masses consistent with uterine fibroids that have been slowly increasing in size; the largest measures 6.5 cm at the point ofits greatest dimension. The adnexa are normal. The patient's gynecologist has recommended a hysterectomy. However, the patient does not want to undergo a hysterectomy, and her gynecologist suggests uterine fibroid embolization as an alternative. She is referred to an interventional radiologist who orders a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The results ofthe MRI confirm the ultrasound findings and rule out adenomyosis. The interventional radiologist discusses with the patient uterine fibroid embolization as an alternative to hysterectomy. What treatment should be recommended for this patient?
• Goodwin, S. C., Patel, N., Cardella, J. F., Bonn, J., Min, R. J., Raabe, R. D., Siskin, G. P., Miller, D. L., Hovsepian, D. M., Marx, M. V., Niedzwiecki, G. A., Worthington-Kirsch, R. L., Sacks, D. B., Spies, J. B., & Andrews, R. T. (2009). Patient Care and Uterine Artery Embolization for Leiomyomata. Journal of Radiology Nursing. doi:10.1016/j.jradnu.2009.10.001
• Goodwin, S. C., Myers, E. R., Li, S., Pron, G., Peterson, E. D., Worthington-Kirsch, R. L., & Spies, J. B. (2008). Uterine Artery Embolization for Treatment of Leiomyomata. Obstetrics & Gynecology. doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000296526.71749.c9
• Goodwin, S. C. (2006). Reply of the Authors. Fertility and Sterility. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.06.003
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  The difference in the size of the uterus following uterine artery embolization (UAE) as compared to myomectomy in our article did not rise to the level of statistical significance (1). Therefore, a conclusion about the difference in size cannot be made. Certainly, Dr. Marik or others would not consider the conclusion about the improved safety of UAE as compared to myomectomy valid if this conclusion did not reach the level of statistical significance.
• Goodwin, S. C., Chambers, T. P., Worthington-Kirsch, R. L., Nosher, J. L., Lipman, J. C., Sterling, K. M., Shlansky-Goldberg, R. D., & Siskin, G. P. (2006). A Prospective Multicenter Comparative Study between Myomectomy and Uterine Artery Embolization with Polyvinyl Alcohol Microspheres: Long-term Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1097/01.rvi.0000231953.91787.af
• Goodwin, S. C., Gomolka, B., Strain, C., Hume, K. M., Worthington-Kirsch, R. L., Stewart, E. A., Siskin, G. P., Pron, G., Pelage, J. P., Myers, E. R., Hovsepian, D. M., Bradley, L. D., Ascher, S. M., Rundback, J. H., & Spies, J. B. (2006). Development of a Research Agenda for Uterine Artery Embolization: Proceedings from a Multidisciplinary Research Consensus Panel. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1097/01.rvi.0000251151.01365.c1
• Goodwin, S. C., Yeko, T. R., Niedzwiecki, G. A., Rothman, B. S., Shamsid-Deen, S. S., Reed, R., Thomas, L., Worthington-Kirsch, R. L., Anderson, G. R., Chambers, T. P., Chen, B., Razavi, M. K., Young, A., Bachmann, G., Tureck, R. W., Broder, M. S., Dong, P. R., Shlansky-Goldberg, R. D., Siskin, G. P., , Barth, M., et al. (2006). Uterine artery embolization versus myomectomy: a multicenter comparative study. Fertility and Sterility. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.074
• Goodwin, S. C., Mauro, M. A., Mulgund, J., Worthington-Kirsch, R. L., Myers, E. R., & Spies, J. B. (2005). The FIBROID Registry. Obstetrics & Gynecology. doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000188386.53878.49
• Goodwin, S. C., Peterson, E. D., Pron, G., Mauro, M. A., Mulgund, J., Myers, E. R., Spies, J. B., & Worthington-Kirsch, R. L. (2005). The Fibroid Registry for Outcomes Data (FIBROID) for Uterine Embolization. Obstetrics & Gynecology. doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000165828.68787.a9
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  To investigate the short-term safety of uterine embolization for leiomyomata in a large cohort of patients treated in a variety of clinical settings.Examining the FIBROID Registry, a multicenter prospective voluntary registry of patients undergoing uterine embolization for leiomyomata, we studied the frequency of adverse events and predictors of adverse events within 30 days of the procedure. We also report on the technical aspects of the procedure, including details of periprocedural care, technique, and short-term recovery. All adverse events were recorded and classified using standard definitions, both in terms of type and severity. Summary statistics were used to describe the data set, and univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine which factors might influence the incidence of adverse events.Of the 3,160 patients enrolled at 72 contributing sites, major in-hospital complications occurred in 0.66%, and postdischarge major events occurred in 4.8% within the first 30 days. The most common adverse event after discharge was inadequate pain relief requiring additional hospital treatment (2.4%). Thirty-one patients required additional surgical intervention within 30 days after treatment, 3 of whom required hysterectomy (0.1%). There were no deaths. Multivariate analysis showed modest increased odds for an adverse event for African Americans, smokers, and those with prior leiomyoma procedures. There were no differences in outcome based on the practice site experience, practice type, or any procedure-related factors.Uterine embolization for leiomyomata is a low-risk procedure with little variability in short-term outcome based on either patient demographics or practice setting.II-3.
• Goodwin, S. C., Worthington-Kirsch, R. L., Spies, J. B., Pron, G., Peterson, E., Mauro, M. A., Landow, W. J., & Myers, E. R. (2005). Prospective Data Collection of a New Procedure by a Specialty Society. Obstetrics & Gynecology. doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000165827.66541.dd
• Goodwin, S. C., Patel, N., Cardella, J. F., Bonn, J., Min, R. J., Raabe, R. D., Siskin, G. P., Miller, D. L., Hovsepian, D. M., Marx, M. V., Niedzwiecki, G. A., Worthington-Kirsch, R. L., Sacks, D., Spies, J. B., & Andrews, R. T. (2004). Patient Care and Uterine Artery Embolization for Leiomyomata. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1097/01.rvi.0000109408.52762.35
• Goodwin, S. C. (2003). Clinical Outcomes with UFE and Comparison with Surgical Therapy. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(03)70092-x
• Goodwin, S. C. (2003). Uterine artery embolization for the treatment of uterine fibroids. Fertility and Sterility. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)04683-6
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  Several articles on uterine artery embolization for the treatment of uterine fibroids appear in this issue. Zupi et al. report on the selective embolization of fibroids in 26 women ages 32–54. Prior uterine artery embolization reports have described women who have undergone complete embolization of the uterine artery or partial embolization of the main uterine artery with cessation of flow or near cessation of flow in the ascending uterine artery and continued flow in the lower uterine segment. I am not aware of any paper that describes selective embolization of uterine artery branches specifically supplying the fibroid(s). This technique may be useful for patients with a single fibroid, such as were included in this study. However, the technique would be difficult if not impossible in patients with multiple fibroids. In this report, fibroid and uterine shrinkage and clinical success rates are comparable to results in prior studies. The authors note that patients with more vascular fibroids have a better outcome. This has been reported previously but has been an inconsistent result. They also report a level of radiation exposure to the ovaries, comparable to prior reports, at levels thought to be below what is necessary to injure the ovaries.
• Goodwin, S. C., Erberich, H., Yegul, T. N., Nguyen, M., Constantino, M., Tang, L., Chen, G. K., & Broder, M. S. (2003). Comparison of Long-Term Outcomes of Myomectomy and Uterine Artery Embolization. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. doi:10.1097/00006254-200302000-00013
• Goodwin, S. C., Nishimura, E., Bonilla, S. M., Costantino, M. M., Abdel-Sayed, P. S., Chen, G. K., & Yoon, H. (2003). Intense Inflammatory Reaction to Heparin Polymer Coated Intravascular Palmaz Stents in Porcine Arteries Compared to Uncoated Palmaz Stents. CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1007/s00270-002-2562-0
• Goodwin, S. C., Peterson, C., Lawson, G., Ji, C., & Leakakos, T. (2003). Intravesical administration of doxorubicin to swine bladder using magnetically targeted carriers. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. doi:10.1007/s00280-003-0597-9
• Goodwin, S. C. (2002). Lessons Learned: Gynecologic Interventions. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(02)70173-5
• Goodwin, S. C., Abdel-Sayed, P. S., Wang, M. J., Bonilla, S. M., Wong, G. C., Swischuk, J. L., & Castañeda, F. (2002). Treatment of Pelvic Arteriovenous Malformations with Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (Onyx). Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61532-2
• Goodwin, S. C., Bonn, J., Smith, S. J., Hovsepian, D. M., Andrews, R. T., Machan, L. S., Worthington-Kirsch, R. L., Chrisman, H. B., Vogelzang, R. L., & Sterling, K. M. (2002). V. Uterine fibroid embolization: Management of complications. Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1053/tvir.2002.124728
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  Fortunately, the number of complications reported after uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) is extremely low. Angiographic mishap or drug reaction are probably more common than purely UFE-related complications. However, the possibility of infection or necrosis of the uterus, with their significant attendant morbidity, is a sobering reminder that embolotherapy can have a powerful impact on the target organ(s). Knowledge of the expected time course for symptom resolution and the often confusing imaging findings shortly after UFE are critical for avoiding unnecessary delay in surgical intervention or, perhaps more important, an inappropriate rush to surgery when antibiotics alone will suffice. Other complications include alteration of uterine physiology, which may disrupt sexual function, and menstrual irregularity and even premature menopause.
• Goodwin, S. C., Dalrymple, J., Adler, L., Perrella, R. R., & McLucas, B. (2002). Role of Uterine Artery Doppler Flow in Fibroid Embolization. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. doi:10.7863/jum.2002.21.2.113
• Goodwin, S. C., Erberich, H., Yegul, T. N., Nguyen, M. H., Costantino, M. M., Tang, L. J., Chen, G., & Broder, M. S. (2002). Comparison of long-term outcomes of myomectomy and uterine artery embolization*1. Obstetrics & Gynecology. doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02182-8
• Goodwin, S. C., Hovsepian, D. M., Siskin, G. P., Lipman, J. C., Worthington-Kirsch, R. L., Andrews, R. K., Bonn, J., Vogelzang, R. L., Sterling, K. M., Smith, S. M., & Chrisman, H. B. (2002). VI. Uterine fibroid embolization: Developing a clinical service. Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1053/tvir.2002.124103
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  Building a uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) practice can be a complex process. Choices must be made regarding whether to align oneself with a gynecologist or to accept direct referrals. For the interventional radiologist, the responsibilities of evaluation and patient care pose unique and time-consuming administrative and clinical challenges. Physician extenders, either nurse practitioners or physician's assistants, play key roles as clinical coordinators by guiding the patient through the medical system and making certain that she is cleared for the procedure medically and logistically. In some settings, they may also assist in many of the technical aspects of the procedure and postoperative care. Interventional radiologists must be prepared for battles with insurance companies and be willing to go through the appeals process. Business officers must also be trained to properly code for the procedures to insure optimal reimbursement. The success of building a UFE practice may also be bolstered by directly marketing to patients and by providing them with access via the Internet.
• Goodwin, S. C. (2001). Techniques of UAE. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(01)70142-x
• Goodwin, S. C., Aban, K., Gomes, A. S., Quinn, B., Chen, J., Dong, P. R., & McNamara, T. O. (2001). Bleeding complications associated with the use of rt-PA versus r-PA for peripheral arterial and venous thromboembolic occlusions. Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1089-2516(01)90002-2
• Goodwin, S. C., Lewis, C. A., Sterling, K. M., Sacks, D. B., Machan, L. S., Lipman, J. C., Worthington-Kirsch, R. L., Andrews, R. K., Patel, N., Niedzwiecki, G., & Spies, J. B. (2001). Training Standards for Physicians Performing Uterine Artery Embolization for Leiomyomata. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1097/01.rvi.0000094606.61428.40
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  UTERINE artery embolization (UAE) is a therapy that offers an alternative to traditional surgical procedures such as myomectomy and hysterectomy for women with symptomatic leiomyomata (fibroids). The clinical experience and the published literature indicate that this is an effective and safe therapy (1–9).
• Goodwin, S. C., Perrella, R. R., Reed, R., Rappaport, A., Adler, L., & McLucas, B. (2001). Article Pregnancy following uterine fibroid embolization. Int J Gynaecol Obstet.
• Goodwin, S. C., Perrella, R. R., Reed, R., Rappaport, A., Adler, L., & McLucas, B. (2001). Pregnancy following uterine fibroid embolization. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics. doi:10.1016/s0020-7292(01)00405-2
• Goodwin, S. C., Walker, W. J., Spies, J. B., Reidy, J. F., Niedzwiecki, G. A., Machan, L. S., Fueredi, G. A., & Worthington-Kirsch, R. L. (2001). Polyvinyl Alcohol Particle Size for Uterine Artery Embolization. Radiology. doi:10.1148/radiology.218.2.r01fe02605
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  From: Robert L. Worthington-Kirsch, MD, George A. Fueredi, MD,* Scott C. Goodwin, MD, Lindsay Machan, MD, Gerald A. Niedzwiecki, MD, John F. Reidy, MD, FRCR, FRCP,i James B. Spies, MD, and Woodruff J. Walker, MB BS** Department of Interventional Radiology, Delaware Valley Imaging 301 City Avenue, Suite G1, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004 e-mail: kirsch@dvirad.com Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Great Lakes Radiologists, Milwaukee, Wis* Department of Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Radiology, Mease Hospitals, Safety Harbor, Fla Department of Radiology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital NHS Trust, London, Englandi Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC Department of Radiology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, England**
• Goodwin, S. C., Wong, G. C., Peterson, C., & Bittner, C. A. (2001). Single-Dose Toxicity Study of Hepatic Intra-arterial Infusion of Doxorubicin Coupled to a Novel Magnetically Targeted Drug Carrier. Toxicological Sciences. doi:10.1093/toxsci/60.1.177
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  The toxicity of a single hepatic intra-arterial administration of doxorubicin (DOX) coupled to a magnetically targeted drug carrier (MTC) was evaluated in a swine model. MTC is a microparticle composite of elemental iron and activated carbon. MTC-DOX is a new formulation of doxorubicin absorbed to the MTC and is designed for site-specific delivery to a solid tumor in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. The magnetic field induces extravasation of MTCs through the vascular wall, leading to localization and retention in the tissue at the targeted site. Eighteen swine were assigned to 6 treatment groups, including 3 control groups (vehicle control, doxorubicin, MTC), and 3 experimental groups that received the MTC-DOX preparation. Animals were given a single administration of test article, evaluated over 28 days, and then sacrificed. Signs of toxicity were monitored via clinical status, total body weight, gross and microscopic pathology, and serum chemistries. Angiography was used to determine the extent of any embolization present. There were no adverse effects observed in the DOX-alone group. Biologically significant, treatment-related gross and microscopic lesions were limited to the targeted area of the liver only in groups receiving > or =75 mg of MTC (with or without doxorubicin). The severity of liver necrosis correlated to the severity of embolization following treatment. Doxorubicin was not freely circulating in any of the MTC-DOX groups, suggesting successful localization to the targeted site. The no-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was determined to be the MTC-DOX low-dose group.
• Goodwin, S. C., & Lai, A. C. (2000). Uterine Fibroid Embolization Technique. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(00)70017-0
• Goodwin, S. C., & Reed, R. (2000). Uterine Artery Embolization: An Overview. Seminars in Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9411
• Goodwin, S. C., Arora, L., Vedantham, S., Bonilla, S. M., Wong, G. T., & Yoon, H. (2000). Percutaneous Delivery of a Heparin-Impregnated Collagen Stent-Graft in a Porcine Model of Atherosclerotic Disease. Investigative Radiology. doi:10.1097/00004424-200007000-00004
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  To develop collagen stent-grafts impregnated with heparin to improve the biocompatibility of endovascular stents and to design a percutaneous delivery system for graft deployment in a swine model.Heparin-impregnated collagen stent-grafts were deployed, and follow-up angiograms were obtained every 15 minutes for 90 minutes to assess acute thromboses and again at 2 and 4 weeks afterward to assess patency. If stenosis or occlusion was detected at the 2-week evaluation, guidewire passage across the lesion was attempted and angioplasty was performed. If stenosis or occlusion was present at the 4-week evaluation, only guidewire passage was attempted; thereafter, the animals were killed and the stent-grafts were harvested and reviewed by a vascular pathologist.Group A represents a feasibility study to optimize the deployment method applied in groups B and C. Fifteen of 17 stent-grafts were successfully deployed using this method. In group B, 89% of grafts were successfully deployed; 12% were patent at 2 weeks and none at 4 weeks. In group C, a 10-minute inflation time was added to the deployment procedure; 88% of grafts were successfully deployed and 28% were patent at 2 weeks and 14% at 4 weeks. Extensive luminal thrombosis and myointimal hyperplasia were present in every case.A method was developed for percutaneous implantation of collagen stent-grafts into peripheral vessels. The heparin-impregnated grafts did not prevent vessel restenosis. Modification of the graft-processing technique may improve patency.
• Goodwin, S. C., Dalrymple, J., Adler, L., Perrella, R. R., & McLucas, B. (2000). Doppler flow studies in uterine fibroid embolization. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics. doi:10.1016/s0020-7292(00)85230-3
• Goodwin, S. C., DeLeon, M., Yegul, T. N., Lai, A. C., Wong, G. C., Chen, G., Bonilla, S. M., & Vott, S. (2000). CT Findings After Uterine Artery Embolization. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. doi:10.1097/00004728-200011000-00004
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  Asymptomatic uterine leiomyoma can be detected on routine computed tomography (CT) of the pelvis. Leiomyomas have been described as low attenuation masses that can disrupt the smooth contour of a normal uterus. Four women underwent uterine artery embolization for the treatment of uterine leiomyoma. CT findings include initial retention of contrast in fibroids the day of the procedure and central necrosis of the fibroid with subsequent cavitation as early as 1 month postprocedure.
• Goodwin, S. C., Harris, K. M., Sherbourne, C. D., Brook, R. H., Landow, W. J., & Broder, M. S. (2000). An Agenda for Research Into Uterine Artery Embolization. TBD.
• Goodwin, S. C., Harris, K. M., Sherbourne, C. D., Brook, R. H., Landow, W. J., & Broder, M. S. (2000). An Agenda for Research into Uterine Artery Embolization: Results of an Expert Panel Conference. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61386-4
• Goodwin, S. C., Lai, A. P., Muir, S. J., & Wong, G. C. (2000). Review: Uterine Artery Embolization: A Minimally Invasive Technique for the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids. Journal of women's health and gender-based medicine. doi:10.1089/15246090050020664
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  Uterine artery embolization (UAE) as a primary therapy for symptomatic fibroids was first used in France in 1991. Currently, there are at least 250 centers in the United States, as well as centers in Canada and England, with experience in this technique. Initial published results worldwide indicate that after UAE, uterine fibroids shrink at least 50% in volume on average and symptoms of refractory vaginal bleeding and chronic pelvic pain are controlled in approximately 85% of patients. Major complications are rare. Overall, this technique is minimally invasive, preserves the uterus, and requires a shorter hospitalization than hysterectomy or myomectomy.
• Goodwin, S. C., Spies, J., Worthington-Kirsch, R., & Machan, L. S. (2000). Fibroid Embolization: Periprocedural Care. Seminars in Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9416
• Goodwin, S. C., Worthington-Kirsch, R. L., Pomerantz, P., Mauro, M. A., Matalon, T. A., & Landow, W. J. (2000). Opportunity and Responsibility: SCVIR's Role with Uterine Artery Embolization. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61371-2
• Goodwin, S. C. (1999). Gynecologic Intervention Service. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(99)71032-8
• Goodwin, S. C. (1999). Update on Fibroid Embolization. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(99)71076-6
• Goodwin, S. C., & Vedantham, S. (1999). Correction. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(99)70177-6
• Goodwin, S. C., & Vedantham, S. (1999). Pelvic arterial obstetrics embolisation in gynaecology. Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies. doi:10.3109/13645709909152925
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  SummaryArterial embolisation has been used for >20 years to control acute haemorrhage secondary to obstetric and gynaecologic disease The use of this technique to specifically address pelvic haemorrhage in three major categories has increased in recent years. Embolisation is used to control acute pelvic haemorrhage in post-partum bleeding, postoperative bleeding and trauma, with success rates > 95% Early consultation with the interventional radiologist and modern angiographic equipment are key factors in achieving successful embolotherapy Uterine artery embolisation (UAE) is increasingly used to treat symptomatic uterine fibroids in women who wish to retain their uterus Careful pre-procedural evaluation is paramount Complications are uncommon and 8590% of women report significant improvement of symptoms. Complex pelvic masses, such as ectopic pregnancies, arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and cancer-related haemorrhage are also amenable to embolotherapy Post-embolisation symptom recurrence is frequent in ...
• Goodwin, S. C., Abbara, S., Spies, J. B., & Nikolic, B. (1999). Ovarian Artery Supply of Uterine Fibroids as a Cause of Treatment Failure after Uterine Artery Embolization: A Case Report. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(99)70215-0
• Goodwin, S. C., Bittner, C., Hoh, C. K., & Peterson, C. E. (1999). Targeting and retention of magnetic targeted carriers (MTCs) enhancing intra-arterial chemotherapy. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. doi:10.1016/s0304-8853(98)00584-8
• Goodwin, S. C., DeLeon, M., Forno, A. E., Perrella, R., Lee, M., McLucas, B., & Vedantham, S. (1999). Uterine artery embolization for fibroids: considerations in patient selection and clinical follow-up.. Medscape women's health.
• Goodwin, S. C., DeLeon, M., Sayre, J., Lai, A., Muir, S. J., Vedantham, S., Perrella, R. R., Chen, G. K., Lee, M., & McLucas, B. (1999). Uterine Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyomata Midterm Results. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(99)70213-7
• Goodwin, S. C., Reed, R., Adler, L., & McLucas, B. (1999). Fatal septicaemia after fibroid embolisation. The Lancet. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)76717-9
• Goodwin, S. C. (1998). New Horizons in Gynecologic Embolotherapy. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(98)70044-2
• Goodwin, S. C. (1998). Textbook of Metallic Stents. Radiology. doi:10.1148/radiology.207.1.146
• Goodwin, S. C., & Walker, W. J. (1998). Uterine artery embolization for the treatment of uterine fibroids. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology. doi:10.1097/00001703-199808000-00006
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  The first reported cases of uterine artery embolization in obstetric and gynaecological practice were carried out in the late 1970s. Recently, bilateral uterine artery embolization was used as a primary treatment for fibroids. Meticulous preoperative assessment is essential. The technique of uterine artery embolization involves the catheterization of both uterine arteries and the installation of tiny micro particles of polyvinyl alcohol. Following the procedure, post-procedural pain occurs within the first 24 h and most patients are advised to rest for 1 week. In the UCLA and RSCH series, three infective complications occurred leading to hysterectomy and some patients developed amenorrhoea. Average shrinkage of fibroids in the UCLA, RSCH and French series were 40%, 64% and 70%, respectively, with most patients losing their symptoms and being satisfied with the procedure. Meticulous pre-operative assessment is essential. At UCLA, 140 patients, and at RSCH, 96 patients have been embolized. To date in the UK, US and French series, fibroid growth has been arrested and new fibroids have not formed. However, long-term follow-up on a larger number of cases will be required before the role of uterine artery embolization in the gynaecologic therapeutic armamentarium can be fully defined.
• Goodwin, S. C., Kaminsky, D., & McLucas, B. (1998). The embolised fibroid uterus. Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies. doi:10.3109/13645709809152862
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  SummaryEmbolisation of the uterine arteries, used for many types of pelvic haemorrhage, recently has been successfully applied to women suffering from myomata uterus. As a side effect of embolisation, myomata shrink more than 50% of their pre-embolisation size, measured by ultrasound. The embolised uterus has not been described elsewhere. Various clinical conditions gave rise to the possibility of viewing the effect of embolisation upon the uterus. Pathologic effects of embolisation of uterine arteries for control of menorrhagia associated with myomata are described, immediately and several months after the procedure.
• Goodwin, S. C., Perrella, R. R., Forno, A. E., McLucas, B., & Vendantham, S. (1998). Preliminary Experience With Uterine Artery Embolization for Uterine Fibroids. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. doi:10.1097/00006254-199802000-00015
• Goodwin, S. C., Yoon, C. H., McNamara, T. O., Sayre, J., Razavi, M. K., & Arora, L. (1998). Dialysis Access Graft Thrombolysis: Randomized Study of Pulse-Spray Versus Continuous Urokinase Infusion. CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1007/s002709900229
• Goodwin, S. C., Mohr, G., McLucas, B., & Vedantham, S. (1997). Uterine artery embolization: An underused method of controlling pelvic hemorrhage. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(97)70624-0
• Goodwin, S. C., Perrella, R. R., Forno, A. E., McLucas, B., & Vedantham, S. (1997). Preliminary Experience with Uterine Artery Embolization for Uterine Fibroids. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(97)70603-1
• Goodwin, S. C., Yoon, H., McNamara, T. O., Stainken, B. F., Greaser, L. E., & Bansal, V. (1997). Prevention of Hemobilia during Percutaneous Biliary Drainage: Long-term Follow-up. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(97)70677-8
• Goodwin, S. C., Rosedale, M., Nishimura, E., Ko, J., & Yoon, H. (1996). A Porcine Model of Chronic Peripheral Arterial Occlusion. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(96)70735-2
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  To create a simple and reproducible model of chromic thrombosis for the evaluation of thrombolytic agents and devices.A stenosis was created in the superficial femoral artery of domestic swine, and autologous blood clot was deposited above the stenosis. Follow-up last for up to 3 months. Degree of clot organization was determined at histologic examination. Two thrombolytic agents, urokinase and collagenase, were used to test this model.There was a 27% delayed recanalization rate with this model. At histologic examination, early thrombus organization was seen at the vessel periphery after 10 days. One-month-old thrombus was substantial but variable in amount. Three-month-old thrombus was completely organized. Neither urokinase nor collagenase proved effective against chronic clot in the doses and time course of this study.This simple method yields a chronic porcine clot in a reliable number of domestic swine in 1 month.
• Goodwin, S. C., Vedantham, S., & McLucas, B. (1996). Embolic therapy for myomata. Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies. doi:10.3109/13645709609153057
• Goodwin, S. C., & McLucas, B. (1995). Interventional radiologists in controlling postoperative hemorrhage. Journal of The American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. doi:10.1016/s1074-3804(05)80559-6
• Goodwin, S. C., Kandarpa, K., & McNamara, T. O. (1994). Complications of Thrombolysis. Seminars in Interventional Radiology. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1074749

Proceedings Publications

• Goodwin, S. C., Chang, C., Shieh, M., & Shieh, Y. (2016). An Interactive, Visually-Oriented Computer-Assisted ASPECTS Scoring System for Acute Stroke Care. In Biomedical engineering.
• Goodwin, S. C., Lee, T., Shieh, Y., Chang, C., & Shieh, M. (2013). A computer-in-the-loop model for the transaction between care-providers and patients: A niche application for consumer electronics. In International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin..