Vignesh Subbian

Interests

Teaching

Software Engineering, Biomedical Data Science and Informatics

Research

Medical Informatics, Healthcare Systems Engineering, Acute Respiratory Failure, Traumatic Brain Injury, Engineering Ethics, Asset-based Practices

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Chapters

• Subbian, V., Galvin, H. K., Petersen, C., & Solomonides, A. (2021). Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues (ELSI) in Mental Health Informatics. In Mental Health Informatics(pp 479--503). Springer.
• Franco, M., Lozano, G. I., & Subbian, V. (2020). HSIs and Community Partners: A Framework for Strengthening Servingness Through Engagement. In Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) in Practice: Defining "Servingness" at HSIs(pp 153-174). Information Age Publishing.

Journals/Publications

• Alper, B. S., Dehnbostel, J., Afzal, M., Subbian, V., Soares, A., Kunnamo, I., Shahin, K., McClure, R. C., & , C. K. (2021). Making science computable: Developing code systems for statistics, study design, and risk of bias. Journal of biomedical informatics, 115, 103685.
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  The COVID-19 crisis led a group of scientific and informatics experts to accelerate development of an infrastructure for electronic data exchange for the identification, processing, and reporting of scientific findings. The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR®) standard which is overcoming the interoperability problems in health information exchange was extended to evidence-based medicine (EBM) knowledge with the EBMonFHIR project. A 13-step Code System Development Protocol was created in September 2020 to support global development of terminologies for exchange of scientific evidence. For Step 1, we assembled expert working groups with 55 people from 26 countries by October 2020. For Step 2, we identified 23 commonly used tools and systems for which the first version of code systems will be developed. For Step 3, a total of 368 non-redundant concepts were drafted to become display terms for four code systems (Statistic Type, Statistic Model, Study Design, Risk of Bias). Steps 4 through 13 will guide ongoing development and maintenance of these terminologies for scientific exchange. When completed, the code systems will facilitate identifying, processing, and reporting research results and the reliability of those results. More efficient and detailed scientific communication will reduce cost and burden and improve health outcomes, quality of life, and patient, caregiver, and healthcare professional satisfaction. We hope the achievements reached thus far will outlive COVID-19 and provide an infrastructure to make science computable for future generations. Anyone may join the effort at https://www.gps.health/covid19_knowledge_accelerator.html.
• Chou, E., Boyce, R. D., Balkan, B., Subbian, V., Romero, A., Hansten, P. D., Horn, J. R., Gephart, S., & Malone, D. C. (2021). Designing and Evaluating Contextualized Drug-Drug Interaction Algorithms. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association (JAMIA) Open, 4(1), ooab023.
• Ehsani, S., Reddy, C. K., Foreman, B., Ratcliff, J., & Subbian, V. (2021). Subspace Clustering of Physiological Data From Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: Retrospective Analysis Based on the PROTECT III Trial. JMIR Biomedical Engineering, 6(1), e24698. doi:10.2196/24698
• Essay, P., Mosier, J., & Subbian, V. (2021). Phenotyping COVID-19 Patients by Ventilation Therapy: Data Quality Challenges and Cohort Characterization. Studies in health technology and informatics, 281, 198-202.
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  The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unique challenges for treating acute respiratory failure patients and highlighted the need for reliable phenotyping of patients using retrospective electronic health record data. In this study, we applied a rule-based phenotyping algorithm to classify COVID-19 patients requiring ventilatory support. We analyzed patient outcomes of the different phenotypes based on type and sequence of ventilation therapy. Invasive mechanical ventilation, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and high flow nasal insufflation were three therapies used to phenotype patients leading to a total of seven subgroups; patients treated with a single therapy (3), patients treated with either form of noninvasive ventilation and subsequently requiring intubation (2), and patients initially intubated and then weaned onto a noninvasive therapy (2). In addition to summary statistics for each phenotype, we highlight data quality challenges and importance of mapping to standard terminologies. This work illustrates potential impact of accurate phenotyping on patient-level and system-level outcomes including appropriate resource allocation under resource constrained circumstances.
• Giangreco, N. P., Lina, S., Qian, J., Kuoame, A., Subbian, V., Boerwinkle, E., Cicek, M., Clark, C. R., Cohen, E., Gebo, K. A., Loperena-Cortes, R., Mayo, K., Mockrin, S., Ohno-Machado, L., Schully, S. D., Tatonetti, N. P., & Ramirez, A. H. (2021). Pediatric data from the research program: demonstration of pediatric obesity over time. JAMIA open, 4(4), ooab112.
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  To describe and demonstrate use of pediatric data collected by the Research Program.
• Gutruf, P., Utzinger, U., & Subbian, V. (2021). Moving from Pedagogy to Andragogy in Biomedical Engineering Design: Strategies for Lab-at-Home and Distance Learning. Biomedical engineering education, 1(2), 301-305.
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  Engineering design courses are particularly challenging to deliver in online or distance modalities because of the hands-on, collaborative nature of the design process and the need for physical resources and work spaces. In this work, we describe how we rapidly transformed two design courses in the middle two years of the biomedical engineering (BME) program to an online format during the 2019 coronavirus pandemic. In addition to time and safety constraints, we identified access to design spaces with biochemistry, computing, electronic, computing, and manufacturing tools, and team-based learning as major challenges to distance learning in BME design courses. To this end, we mapped and translated various course and design activities to an online environment using a combination of customized at-home laboratory kits and distributed team structures. Drawing upon our pilot experience as well as principles from online and adult learning theories, we offer an overview of strategies to retain hands-on and team-based activities and rapidly implement BME design courses in online or distance modalities.
• Lane, J. C., Weaver, J., Kostka, K., Duarte-Salles, T., Abrahao, M. T., Alghoul, H., Alser, O., Alshammari, T. M., Areia, C., Biedermann, P., Banda, J. M., Burn, E., Casajust, P., Fister, K., Hardin, J., Hester, L., Hripcsak, G., Kaas-Hansen, B. S., Khosla, S., , Kolovos, S., et al. (2021). Risk of depression, suicide and psychosis with hydroxychloroquine treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: a multinational network cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 60(7), 3222-3234.
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  Concern has been raised in the rheumatology community regarding recent regulatory warnings that HCQ used in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic could cause acute psychiatric events. We aimed to study whether there is risk of incident depression, suicidal ideation or psychosis associated with HCQ as used for RA.
• Recalde, M., Roel, E., Pistillo, A., Sena, A. G., Prats-Uribe, A., Ahmed, W. U., Alghoul, H., Alshammari, T. M., Alser, O., Areia, C., Burn, E., Casajust, P., Dawoud, D., DuVall, S. L., Falconer, T., Fernández-Bertolín, S., Golozar, A., Gong, M., Lai, L. Y., , Lane, J. C., et al. (2021). Characteristics and outcomes of 627 044 COVID-19 patients living with and without obesity in the United States, Spain, and the United Kingdom. International Journal of Obesity, 45(11), 2347-2357.
• Roel, E., Pistillo, A., Recalde, M., Sena, A. G., Fernández-Bertolín, S., Aragón, M., Puente, D., Ahmed, W. U., Alghoul, H., Alser, O., Alshammari, T. M., Areia, C., Blacketer, C., Carter, W., Casajust, P., Culhane, A. C., Dawoud, D., DeFalco, F., DuVall, S. L., , Falconer, T., et al. (2021). Characteristics and Outcomes of Over 300,000 Patients with COVID-19 and History of Cancer in the United States and Spain. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention, 30(10), 1884-1894.
• Tan, E. H., Sena, A. G., Prats-Uribe, A., You, S. C., Ahmed, W. U., Kostka, K., Reich, C., Duvall, S. L., Lynch, K. E., Matheny, M. E., Duarte-Salles, T., Bertolin, S. F., Hripcsak, G., Natarajan, K., Falconer, T., Spotnitz, M., Ostropolets, A., Blacketer, C., Alshammari, T. M., , Alghoul, H., et al. (2021). COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases: characteristics and outcomes in a multinational network of cohorts across three countries. Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 60(SI), SI37-SI50.
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  Patients with autoimmune diseases were advised to shield to avoid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but information on their prognosis is lacking. We characterized 30-day outcomes and mortality after hospitalization with COVID-19 among patients with prevalent autoimmune diseases, and compared outcomes after hospital admissions among similar patients with seasonal influenza.
• Tolentino, D. A., Subbian, V., & Gephart, S. M. (2021). Applying Computational Ethnography to Examine Nurses' Workflow Within Electronic Health Records. Nursing research, 70(2), 132-141.
• Villa-Zapata, L., Carhart, B. S., Horn, J. R., Hansten, P. D., Subbian, V., Gephart, S., Tan, M., Romero, A., & Malone, D. C. (2021). Serum potassium changes due to concomitant ACEI/ARB and spironolactone therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Health-system Pharmacy, 78(24), 2245-2255.
• Wong, A. A., Marrone, N. L., Fabiano-Smith, L., Beeson, P. M., Franco, M. A., Subbian, V., & Lozano, G. I. (2021). Engaging Faculty in Shifting Toward Holistic Review: Changing Graduate Admissions Procedures at a Land-Grant, Hispanic-Serving Institution. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 30(5), 1925-1939.
• Zhang, T., Mosier, J., & Subbian, V. (2021). Identifying Barriers to and Opportunities for Telehealth Implementation Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic by Using a Human Factors Approach: A Leap Into the Future of Health Care Delivery?. JMIR human factors, 8(2), e24860.
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  The extensive uptake of telehealth has considerably transformed health care delivery since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and has imposed tremendous challenges to its large-scale implementation and adaptation. Given the shift in paradigm from telehealth as an alternative mechanism of care delivery to telehealth as an integral part of the health system, it is imperative to take a systematic approach to identifying barriers to, opportunities for, and the overall impact of telehealth implementation amidst the current pandemic. In this work, we apply a human factors framework, the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model, to guide our holistic analysis and discussion of telehealth implementation, encompassing the health care work system, care processes, and outcomes.
• Alper, B. S., Richardson, J. E., Lehmann, H. P., & Subbian, V. (2020). It is time for computable evidence synthesis: The COVID-19 Knowledge Accelerator initiative. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 27(8), 1338-1339.
• Essay, P., Balkan, B., & Subbian, V. (2020). Decompensation in Critical Care: Early Prediction of Acute Heart Failure Onset. JMIR Medical Informatics, 8(8), e19892.
• Essay, P., Mosier, J., & Subbian, V. (2020). Rule-Based Cohort Definitions for Acute Respiratory Failure: Electronic Phenotyping Algorithm. JMIR Medical Informatics, 8(4), e18402. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/18402
• Gutruf, P., Utzinger, U., & Subbian, V. (2020). Moving from Pedagogy to Andragogy in Biomedical Engineering Design: Strategies for Lab-at-Home and Distance Learning. Biomedical Engineering Education.
• Kim, A. A., Rachid Zaim, S., & Subbian, V. (2020). Assessing reproducibility and veracity across machine learning techniques in biomedicine: A case study using TCGA data. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 141, 104148. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104148
• Kuziemsky, C. E., Hunter, I., Gogia, S. B., Lyenger, S., Kulatunga, G., Rajput, V., Subbian, V., John, O., Kleber, A., Mandirola, H. F., Florez-Arango, J., Al-Shorbaji, N., Meher, S., Udayasankaran, J. G., & Basu, A. (2020). Ethics in Telehealth: Comparison between Guidelines and Practice-based Experience - The Case for Learning Health Systems. Yearbook of Medical Informatics, 29(1), 44-50.
• Lane, J., Weaver, J., Kostka, K., Duarte-Salles, T., Abrahao, M., Alghoul, H., Alser, O., Alshammari, T. M., Areia, C., Biedermann, P., Banda, J. M., Burn, E., Casajust, P., Fister, K., Hardin, J., Hester, L., Hripcsak, G., Kaas-Hansen, B. S., Khosla, S., , Kolovos, S., et al. (2020). Risk of depression, suicide and psychosis with hydroxychloroquine treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: a multinational network cohort study. Rheumatology, keaa771.
• Miller, D. C., Beamer, P., Billheimer, D., Subbian, V., Sorooshian, A., Campbell, B. S., & Mosier, J. M. (2020). Aerosol Risk with Noninvasive Respiratory Support in Patients with COVID-19. Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12152
• Petersen, C., & Subbian, V. (2020). Special Section on Ethics in Health Informatics. Yearbook of Medical Informatics, 29(1), 77-80.
• Subbian, V., Solomonides, A., Clarkson, M., Rahimzadeh, V. N., Petersen, C., Schreiber, R., DeMuro, P. R., Dua, P., Goodman, K. W., Kaplan, B., Koppel, R., Lehmann, C. U., Pan, E., & Senathirajah, Y. (2021). Ethics and Informatics in the Age of COVID-19: Challenges and Recommendations for Public Health Organization and Public Policy. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association (JAMIA), 28(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa188
• Villa Zapata, L., Hansten, P. D., Horn, J. R., Boyce, R. D., Gephart, S., Subbian, V., Romero, A., & Malone, D. C. (2020). Evidence of Clinically Meaningful Drug-Drug Interaction with Concomitant Use of Colchicine and Clarithromycin. Drug Safety, 43, 661–668. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-020-00930-7
• Villa Zapata, L., Hansten, P. D., Panic, J., Horn, J. R., Boyce, R. D., Gephart, S., Subbian, V., Romero, A., & Malone, D. C. (2020). Risk of Bleeding with Exposure to Warfarin and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 120(7), 1066-1074.
• Essay, P., Shahin, T. B., Balkan, B., Mosier, J., & Subbian, V. (2019). The Connected Intensive Care Unit Patient: Exploratory Analyses and Cohort Discovery From a Critical Care Telemedicine Database. JMIR Medical Informatics, 7(1), e13006.
• Galvin, H. K., Petersen, C., Subbian, V., & Solomonides, A. (2019). Patients as Agents in Behavioral Health Research and Service Provision: Recommendations to Support the Learning Health System. Applied Clinical Informatics, 10(5), 841-848. doi:https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700536
• Ortiz, J. B., Sukhina, A., Balkan, B., Harootunian, G., Adelson, P. D., Lewis, K. S., Oatman, O., Subbian, V., Rowe, R. K., & Lifshitz, J. (2020). Epidemiology of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Hypothalamic-Pituitary Disorders in Arizona. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, 1410. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffneur.2019.01410
• Walsh, C. G., Chaudhry, B., Dua, P., Goodman, K. W., Kaplan, B., Kavuluru, R., Solomonides, A., & Subbian, V. (2020). Stigma, Biomarkers, and Algorithmic Bias: Recommendations for Precision Behavioral Health with Artificial Intelligence. JAMIA Open.
• Petersen, C., Berner, E. S., Embi, P. J., Fultz, H. K., Goodman, K. W., Koppel, R., Lehmann, C. U., Lehmann, H., Maulden, S. A., McGregor, K. A., Solomonides, A., Subbian, V., Terrazas, E., & Winkelstein, P. (2018). AMIA's Code of Professional and Ethical Conduct 2018. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 25(11), 1579-1582.
• Rowe, R. K., Harrison, J. L., Morrison, H., Subbian, V., Murphy, S. M., & Lifshitz, J. (2018). Acute Post-traumatic Sleep may define Vulnerability to a Second Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Journal of Neurotrauma.
• Schmitz, H., Howe, C. L., Armstrong, D. G., & Subbian, V. (2018). Leveraging Mobile Health Applications for Biomedical Research and Citizen Science: A Scoping Review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 25(12), 1685-1695.
• Shahin, T. B., Vaishnav, K. V., Watchman, M., Subbian, V., Larson, E., Chnari, E., & Armstrong, D. G. (2017). Tissue Augmentation with Allograft Adipose Matrix For the Diabetic Foot in Remission. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 5(10), e1555.
• Tenenbaum, J. D., Bhuvaneshwar, K., Gagliardi, J. P., Fultz Hollis, K., Jia, P., Ma, L., Nagarajan, R., Rakesh, G., Subbian, V., Visweswaran, S., Zhao, Z., & Rozenblit, L. (2017). Translational bioinformatics in mental health: open access data sources and computational biomarker discovery. Briefings in bioinformatics.
• Subbian, V., Ratcliff, J. J., Korfhagen, J. J., Hart, K. W., Meunier, J. M., Shaw, G. J., Lindsell, C. J., & Beyette, F. R. (2016). A Novel Tool for Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in the Emergency Department: Does Robotic Assessment of Neuromotor Performance Following Injury Predict the Presence of Postconcussion Symptoms at Follow‐up?. Academic Emergency Medicine, 23(4), 382-392.
• Duran, C., Subbian, V., Giovanetti, M. T., Simkins, J. R., & Beyette Jr, F. (2015). Experimental desktop 3D printing using dual extrusion and water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 21(5), 528-534.
• Subbian, V., Ratcliff, J. J., Meunier, J. M., Korfhagen, J. J., Beyette, F. R., & Shaw, G. J. (2015). Integration of new technology for research in the emergency department: feasibility of deploying a robotic assessment tool for mild traumatic brain injury evaluation. IEEE journal of translational engineering in health and medicine, 3, 1-9.

Proceedings Publications

• Budinoff, H. D., & Subbian, V. (2021). Asset-based Approaches to Engineering Design Education: A Scoping Review of Theory and Practice. In 2021 ASEE Annual Conference.
• Subbian, V., Franco, M., & Lozano, G. (2019, 6). STEM Servingness at Hispanic-Serving Institutions. In ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition.
• Alvarez, A. M., Johnson, P. C., Shaw, L. R., Zawada, S., Franco, M. A., & Subbian, V. (2018, April). Beyond Ramps and Signs: Rethinking Support Structures for Engineering Students with Disabilities. In ASEE Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference.
• Lozano, G. I., Franco, M. A., & Subbian, V. (2018, April). Transforming STEM Education in Hispanic Serving Institutions in the United States: A Consensus Report. In Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3238702.
• Vezino, B., Alvarez, A. M., Hempel, B., Loera, C. J., Davidson, S., Boyd, S., & Subbian, V. (2018, June). Re-envisioning the Role of the Engineering Education Chapter at a Research-I Institution: Lessons from a Cross-disciplinary Model. In ASEE Annual Conference.
• Subbian, V., Niu, N., & Purdy, C. (2016, 6). Inclusive and Evidence-based Instruction in Software Testing Education. In Annual ASEE Conference.
• Subbian, V., Purdy, C., & Beyette, F. R. (2016). UnLecture on Software Engineering Ethics. In Infusing Ethics into the Development of Engineers: Exemplary Education Activities and Programs, 17-18.
• Subbian, V., Bucks, G., & Heikenfeld, J. (2015, 6). Inverting Instruction in a Semiconductor Devices Course: A Case Study of a Flipped Electrical Engineering Classroom. In Annual ASEE Conference.
• Ratcliff, J. J., Meunier, J. M., Unruh, D., Korfhagen, J. J., Subbian, V., Hart, K. W., Beyette, F. R., Shaw, G. J., Lindsell, C. J., & Bogdanov, V. Y. (2014, 5). A Potential Novel Biomarker of Injury Observed through Activation of the Coagulation Cascade in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. In Academic Emergency Medicine, 21, S254-S255.
• Simkins, J. R., Subbian, V., & Beyette, F. R. (2014, 7). A programmable point-of-care device for external CSF drainage and monitoring. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 2161-2164.
• Subbian, V., & Purdy, C. (2014, 6). A Hybrid Design Methodology for an Introductory Software Engineering Course with Integrated Mobile Application Development. In Annual ASEE Conference.
• Subbian, V., & Purdy, C. (2014, 6). UnLecture: Bridging the Gap between Computing Education and Software Engineering Practice. In Annual ASEE Conference.
• Subbian, V., Beyette, F., & Purdy, C. (2014, 6). UnLecture: A Novel Active Learning Based Pedagogical Strategy for Engineering Courses. In Annual ASEE Conference.
• Subbian, V., Meunier, J. M., Korfhagen, J. J., Ratcliff, J. J., Shaw, G. J., & Beyette, F. R. (2014, 7). Quantitative assessment of post-concussion syndrome following mild traumatic brain injury using robotic technology. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 5353-5356.
• Voss, T. J., Subbian, V., & Beyette, F. R. (2014, 7). Feasibility of energy harvesting techniques for wearable medical devices. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 626-629.
• Wright, K., Sherman, M., Cargile, R., & Subbian, V. (2014, 3). CincySTEM Urban Initiative: Designing pathways to science and engineering disciplines through project-based learning. In Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC), 2014 IEEE, 1-5.
• Zirger, B., Rutz, E., Boyd, D., Tappel, J., & Subbian, V. (2014, 3). Creating pathways to higher education: a cross-disciplinary MOOC with graduate credit. In Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC), 2014 IEEE, 1-5.
• Al-Deneh, Z., Ambekar, D., Dao, T., Dziech, A. L., Subbian, V., & Beyette, F. R. (2013, 7). Experimental validation of a microcontroller-based wireless device to quantify head impacts. In Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2013 IEEE 56th International Midwest Symposium on, 392-395.
• Ambekar, D., Al-Deneh, Z., Dao, T., Dziech, A. L., Subbian, V., & Beyette, F. R. (2013, 7). Development of a point-of-care medical device to measure head impact in contact sports. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 4167-4170.
• Subbian, V. (2013, 3). Role of MOOCs in integrated STEM education: A learning perspective. In Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC), 2013 IEEE, 1-4.
• Subbian, V., & Beyette, F. R. (2013, 10). Developing a new advanced microcontrollers course as a part of embedded systems curriculum. In Frontiers in Education Conference, 2013 IEEE, 1462-1464.
• Subbian, V., & Purdy, C. (2013, 3). Redesigning an advanced embedded systems course: A step towards interdisciplinary engineering education. In Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC), 2013 IEEE, 1-4.
• Subbian, V., Wilsey, P. A., & Beyette, F. R. (2013, 11). Heuristic evaluation of user interface for point-of-care diagnosis and rehabilitation of mild Traumatic Brain Injury. In Neural Engineering (NER), 2013 6th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on, 1250-1253.
• Subbian, V., Wilsey, P. A., & Beyette, F. R. (2013, 7). Design and development of a robotic system for clinical assessment of motor deficits. In Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2013 IEEE 56th International Midwest Symposium on, 1275-1277.
• Subbian, V., Wilsey, P. A., & Beyette, F. R. (2013, 7). Development and evaluation of hardware for point-of-care assessment of upper-limb motor performance. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 938-940.
• Subbian, V., Beyette, F. R., & Wilsey, P. A. (2012, 7). Design and usability of a medical computing system for diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 996-999.