Daniel J Taylor

Interests

Teaching

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Clinical Trials, Behavioral Sleep Medicine, Statistics, Research Design

Research

Epidemiology and treatment of comorbid sleep disorders, primarily insomnia, nightmares and circadian rhythm disorders

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Chapters

• Taylor, D. (2015). Case study of cognitive behavioral therapy for comorbid PTSD, insomnia, and nightmares. In Comprehensive Guide to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
• Taylor, D. (2014). Treating insomnia. In Handbook of Insomnia.
• Taylor, D. (2011). Relaxation for insomnia. In Behavioral Treatments for Sleep Disorders.

Journals/Publications

• Contractor, A. A., Blumenthal, H., Rosenfield, D., Shea, M. T., Taylor, D. J., Fentem, A., & Vingren, J. L. (2024). Study protocol and rationale for a pilot randomized clinical trial comparing processing of positive memories technique with supportive counseling for PTSD. Contemporary clinical trials, 138, 107455.
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  Research indicates that positive memories have a role in posttraumatic stress disorder's (PTSD) symptomatology and treatment. Following treatment development guidelines, a novel PTSD intervention - Processing of Positive Memories Technique (PPMT) - was developed and subsequently examined for its effects and feasibility in pilot studies. Extending this research, the proposed pilot randomized clinical trial with PPMT and Supportive Counseling (SC) arms will examine PPMT's effects on PTSD severity and biomarkers of stress systems' dysregulation (awakening salivary alpha amylase [sAA] and cortisol concentrations); examine mechanistic targets (affect) underlying PPMT's effects; and refine PPMT. We hypothesize that the PPMT arm will report greater decreases in PTSD severity and greater decreases in awakening sAA/cortisol ratio compared to the SC arm; and that improved affect (more positive affect and less negative affect) will mediate associations between intervention arm and changes in PTSD severity.
• Mysliwiec, V., Pruiksma, K. E., Matsangas, P., Powell, T., Straud, C. L., Taylor, D. J., Hansen, S., Foster, S. N., Mithani, S., Zwetzig, S., Martin, J., Gerwell, K., Young-McCaughan, S., Blue Star, J. A., Cassidy, D. G., Gomes, K. D., Moore, B. A., Peterson, A. L., Brock, M. S., & , S. S. (2024). Sex differences in US military personnel with insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, or comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 20(1), 17-30.
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  The aim of this study was to evaluate sex-related differences in symptoms of sleep disorders, sleep-related impairment, psychiatric symptoms, traumatic brain injury, and polysomnographic variables in treatment-seeking military personnel diagnosed with insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), or comorbid insomnia and OSA (COMISA).
• Asbee, J., Slavish, D., Taylor, D. J., & Dietch, J. R. (2023). Using a frequentist and Bayesian approach to examine video game usage, substance use, and sleep among college students. Journal of sleep research, 32(4), e13844.
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  Video games are a popular form of entertainment. However, there is mixed evidence for the association between video game usage and poor sleep quality, short sleep duration, or delayed sleep timing. The current study examined associations between daily sleep behaviours and video game usage via a Bayesian and frequentist statistical approach. Caffeine and alcohol consumption were also assessed as moderators, as these behaviours may co-occur with video game usage and poor sleep. 1032 (72% female) undergraduate students were recruited between 2006-2007. Participants completed questionnaires examining video game and substance use, as well as sleep diaries for 1 week. Frequentist analyses revealed that video game usage was related to increased variability in the total sleep time, and a later average sleep midpoint, but not sleep efficiency. Alcohol use moderated the relationships between video game usage and both average and variability in total sleep time. Caffeine use was related to shorter average total sleep time and more variability in sleep efficiency. Alcohol consumption was related to more variability in the total sleep time and sleep midpoint, and a later average sleep midpoint. Bayesian models suggested strong evidence that video game playing was associated with later average sleep midpoint. Like the frequentist approach, alcohol consumption moderated the relationship between video game usage and both average and variability in total sleep time, but the evidence was weak. The effect sizes for both approaches tended to be small. Using a rigorous statistical approach and a large sample, this study provides robust evidence that video game usage may not be strongly associated with poor sleep among undergraduate students.
• Benfer, N., Grunthal, B., Dondanville, K. A., Young-McCaughan, S., Blankenship, A., Abdallah, C. G., Back, S. E., Flanagan, J., Foa, E. B., Fox, P. T., Krystal, J. H., Marx, B. P., McGeary, D. D., McLean, C. P., Pruiksma, K. E., Resick, P. A., Roache, J. D., Shiroma, P., Sloan, D. M., , Taylor, D. J., et al. (2023). DSM-5 criterion-a-based trauma types in service members and veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy.
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  In posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the assumption of the equipotentiality of traumas ignores potentially unique contexts and consequences of different traumas. Accordingly, Stein et al. (2012) developed a reliable typing scheme in which assessors categorized descriptions of traumatic events into six "types": life threat to self (LTS), life threat to other, aftermath of violence (AV), traumatic loss, moral injury by self (MIS), and moral injury by other (MIO). We extended this research by validating the typing scheme using , rather than assesor-based types. We examined the concordance of participant and assesor types, frequency, and validity of participant-based trauma types by examining associations with baseline mental and behavioral health problems.
• Dietch, J. R., Huskey, A., Dadeboe, I. O., Slavish, D. C., & Taylor, D. J. (2023). Intraindividual variability in sleep duration and college degree attainment. Chronobiology international, 40(9), 1291-1295.
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  The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between sleep characteristics and college degree attainment. Participants were 968 college students (72% female; mean age 19.7 [1.7]). Participants completed a psychosocial and sleep questionnaire battery followed by one week of daily sleep diaries. Academic degree completion data was obtained from the university registrar 10 years later. Logistic regression examined whether mean and variability in sleep duration and sleep efficiency and insomnia symptoms predicted degree attainment, adjusting for age, gender, semester, grade point average (GPA), and perceived stress. The strongest predictors of degree attainment were female gender (OR = 0.67), greater age (OR = 1.32), GPA (OR = 1.97), and lower intraindividual variability in sleep duration (OR = 0.99). Results highlight the importance of examining variability in sleep duration in addition to mean sleep duration in predicting college retention. Future research should use a combination of objective and subjective measures to explore the impact of sleep factors, including variability, on degree completion and other academic metrics.
• Emert, S. E., Taylor, D. J., Gartenberg, D., Schade, M. M., Roberts, D. M., Nagy, S. M., Russell, M., Huskey, A., Mueller, M., Gamaldo, A., & Buxton, O. M. (2023). A non-pharmacological multi-modal therapy to improve sleep and cognition and reduce mild cognitive impairment risk: Design and methodology of a randomized clinical trial. Contemporary clinical trials, 132, 107275.
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  Aging populations are at increased risk of sleep deficiencies (e.g., insomnia) that are associated with a variety of chronic health risks, including Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Insomnia medications carry additional risk, including increased drowsiness and falls, as well as polypharmacy risks. The recommended first-line treatment for insomnia is cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi), but access is limited. Telehealth is one way to increase access, particularly for older adults, but to date telehealth has been typically limited to simple videoconferencing portals. While these portals have been shown to be non-inferior to in-person treatment, it is plausible that telehealth could be significantly improved. This work describes a protocol designed to evaluate whether a clinician-patient dashboard inclusive of several user-friendly features (e.g., patterns of sleep data from ambulatory devices, guided relaxation resources, and reminders to complete in-home CBTi practice) could improve CBTi outcomes for middle- to older-aged adults (N = 100). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three telehealth interventions delivered through 6-weekly sessions: (1) CBTi augmented with a clinician-patient dashboard, smartphone application, and integrated smart devices; (2) standard CBTi (i.e., active comparator); or (3) sleep hygiene education (i.e., active control). All participants were assessed at screening, pre-study evaluation, baseline, throughout treatment, and at 1-week post-treatment. The primary outcome is the Insomnia Severity Index. Secondary and exploratory outcomes span sleep diary, actiwatch and Apple watch assessed sleep parameters (e.g., efficiency, duration, timing, variability), psychosocial correlates (e.g., fatigue, depression, stress), cognitive performance, treatment adherence, and neurodegenerative and systemic inflammatory biomarkers.
• Felt, J. M., Russell, M. A., Johnson, J. A., Ruiz, J. M., Uchino, B. N., Allison, M., Smith, T. W., Taylor, D. J., Ahn, C., & Smyth, J. (2023). Within-person associations of optimistic and pessimistic expectations with momentary stress, affect, and ambulatory blood pressure. Anxiety, stress, and coping, 36(5), 636-648.
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  Although dispositional optimism and pessimism have been prospectively associated with health outcomes, little is known about how these associations manifest in everyday life. This study examined how short-term optimistic and pessimistic expectations were associated with psychological and physiological stress processes.
• Jones, D. R., Ruiz, J. M., Schreier, H. M., Allison, M. A., Uchino, B. N., Russell, M. A., Taylor, D. J., Smith, T. W., & Smyth, J. M. (2023). Mean affect and affect variability may interact to predict inflammation. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 109, 168-174.
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  Individuals with greater affect variability (i.e., moment-to-moment fluctuations possibly reflecting emotional dysregulation) are at risk for greater systemic inflammation, which is associated with cardiovascular disease. Some evidence suggests that affect variability is linked with poorer health indicators only among those with higher average levels of affect, particularly for positive affect (PA), and that associations may be non-linear. The present study sought to examine whether links between both PA and negative affect (NA) variability and inflammation are moderated by average level of affect.
• Jordan, D. G., Slavish, D. C., Dietch, J., Messman, B., Ruggero, C., Kelly, K., & Taylor, D. J. (2023). Investigating sleep, stress, and mood dynamics via temporal network analysis. Sleep medicine, 103, 1-11.
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  Prior research has emphasized the bidirectional relationships between sleep, stress, and affective states, such as depression. Given the inherent variability and fluctuations associated with sleep, assessing how sleep and affective variables function within a dynamic system may help further uncover possible causes and consequences of sleep disturbances, as well as find candidate targets for intervention. To this end, we examined dynamic relationships between self-reported stress, depressed mood, and clinically-relevant sleep parameters via temporal network analysis.
• Pruiksma, K. E., Taylor, D. J., Wachen, J. S., Straud, C. L., Hale, W. J., Mintz, J., Young-McCaughan, S., Peterson, A. L., Yarvis, J. S., Borah, E. V., Dondanville, K. A., Litz, B. T., & Resick, P. A. (2023). Self-reported sleep problems in active-duty US Army personnel receiving posttraumatic stress disorder treatment in group or individual formats: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 19(8), 1389-1398.
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  Sleep disturbances are common in military personnel with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may persist following treatment. This study examined service members seeking treatment for PTSD, reporting insomnia symptoms, nightmares, excessive daytime sleepiness, and potential obstructive sleep apnea at baseline and the impact of sleep disturbances on a course of PTSD treatment.
• Resick, P. A., Straud, C. L., Wachen, J. S., LoSavio, S. T., Peterson, A. L., McGeary, D. D., Young-McCaughan, S., Taylor, D. J., Mintz, J., & , S. S. (2023). A comparison of the CAPS-5 and PCL-5 to assess PTSD in military and veteran treatment-seeking samples. European journal of psychotraumatology, 14(2), 2222608.
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  This study was an examination of the puzzling finding that people assessed for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) consistently score higher on the self-report PTSD Checklist for (PCL-5) than the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for (CAPS-5). Both scales purportedly assess PTSD severity with the same number of items, scaling, and scoring range, but differences in scores between measures make outcomes difficult to decipher. The purpose of this study was to examine several possible psychometric reasons for the discrepancy in scores between interview and self-report. Data were combined from four clinical trials to examine the baseline and posttreatment assessments of treatment-seeking active duty military personnel and veterans. As in previous studies, total scores were higher on the PCL-5 compared to the CAPS-5 at baseline and posttreatment. At baseline, PCL-5 scores were higher on all 20 items, with small to large differences in effect size. At posttreatment, only three items were not significantly different. Distributions of item responses and wording of scale anchors and items were examined as possible explanations of the difference between measures. Participants were more likely to use the full range of responses on the PCL-5 compared to interviewers. Suggestions for improving the congruence between these two scales are discussed. Administration of interviews by trained assessors can be resource intensive, so it is important that those assessing PTSD severity are afforded confidence in the equivalence of their assessment of PTSD regardless of the assessment method used.
• Spiegel, K., Rey, A. E., Cheylus, A., Ayling, K., Benedict, C., Lange, T., Prather, A. A., Taylor, D. J., Irwin, M. R., & Van Cauter, E. (2023). A meta-analysis of the associations between insufficient sleep duration and antibody response to vaccination. Current biology : CB, 33(5), 998-1005.e2.
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  Vaccination is a major strategy to control a viral pandemic. Simple behavioral interventions that might boost vaccine responses have yet to be identified. We conducted meta-analyses to summarize the evidence linking the amount of sleep obtained in the days surrounding vaccination to antibody response in healthy adults. Authors of the included studies provided the information needed to accurately estimate the pooled effect size (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and to examine sex differences. The association between self-reported short sleep (
• Stanley, I. H., Marx, B. P., Fina, B. A., Young-McCaughan, S., Tyler, H. C., Sloan, D. M., Blankenship, A. E., Dondanville, K. A., Walker, J. L., Boffa, J. W., Bryan, C. J., Brown, L. A., Straud, C. L., Mintz, J., Abdallah, C. G., Back, S. E., Blount, T. H., DeBeer, B. B., Flanagan, J., , Foa, E. B., et al. (2023). Psychometric Properties of the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Short Form Among U.S. Active Duty Military Service Members and Veterans. Assessment, 30(7), 2332-2346.
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  We assessed the interrater reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Short Form (SITBI-SF) in a sample of 1,944 active duty service members and veterans seeking services for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related conditions. The SITBI-SF demonstrated high interrater reliability and good convergent and discriminant validity. The measurement properties of the SITBI-SF were comparable across service members and veterans. Approximately 8% of participants who denied a history of suicidal ideation on the SITBI-SF reported suicidal ideation on a separate self-report questionnaire (i.e., discordant responders). Discordant responders reported significantly higher levels of PTSD symptoms than those who denied suicidal ideation on both response formats. Findings suggest that the SITBI-SF is a reliable and valid interview-based measure of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors for use with military service members and veterans. Suicide risk assessment might be optimized if the SITBI-SF interview is combined with a self-report measure of related constructs.
• Taylor, D. (2023). Daily reactivity to stress and sleep disturbances: unique risk factors for insomnia. Sleep.
• Taylor, D. J., Aubiniere-Robb, L., Gosling, R., Newman, T., Hose, D. R., Halliday, I., Lawford, P. V., Narracott, A. J., Gunn, J. P., & Morris, P. D. (2023). Sex differences in coronary microvascular resistance measured by a computational fluid dynamics model. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 10, 1159160.
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  Increased coronary microvascular resistance (CMVR) is associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Although CMD is more common in women, sex-specific differences in CMVR have not been demonstrated previously.
• Taylor, D. J., Huskey, A., Kim, K. N., Emert, S. E., Wardle-Pinkston, S., Auerbach, A., Ruiz, J. M., Grandner, M. A., Webb, R., Skog, M., Milord, T., & , P. M. (2023). Internal consistency reliability of mental health questionnaires in college student athletes. British journal of sports medicine, 57(10), 595-601.
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  To examine the internal consistency reliability and measurement invariance of a questionnaire battery designed to identify college student athletes at risk for mental health symptoms and disorders.
• Taylor, D. J., Pruiksma, K. E., Mintz, J., Slavish, D. C., Wardle-Pinkston, S., Dietch, J. R., Dondanville, K. A., Young-McCaughan, S., Nicholson, K. L., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Peterson, A. L., Resick, P. A., & , C. t. (2023). Treatment of comorbid sleep disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder in U.S. active duty military personnel: A pilot randomized clinical trial. Journal of traumatic stress, 36(4), 712-726.
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  Insomnia and nightmares are common in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They are associated with worse psychological and physical health and worse PTSD treatment outcomes. In addition, they are resistant to PTSD treatments, which do not typically address sleep disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and nightmares (CBT-I&N) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for PTSD are first-line treatments, but limited evidence exists guiding the treatment of individuals with all three disorders. The current study randomized U.S. military personnel (N = 93) to one of three conditions: CBT-I&N delivered before CPT, CBT-I&N delivered after CPT, or CPT alone; all groups received 18 sessions. Across groups, participants demonstrated significantly improved PTSD symptoms. Because the study was terminated prematurely due to challenges with recruitment and retention, it was underpowered to answer the initially intended research questions. Nonetheless, statistical findings and relevant clinically meaningful changes were observed. Compared to participants who received CPT alone, those who received CBT-I&N and CPT, regardless of sequencing, demonstrated larger improvements in PTSD symptoms, d = -0.36; insomnia, d = -0.77; sleep efficiency, d = 0.62; and nightmares, d = -.53. Compared to participants who received CBT-I&N delivered before CPT, those who received CBT-I&N delivered after CPT demonstrated larger improvements in PTSD symptoms, d = 0.48, and sleep efficiency, d = -0.44. This pilot study suggests that treating comorbid insomnia, nightmares, and PTSD symptoms results in clinically meaningful advantages in improvement for all three concerns compared to treating PTSD alone.
• Yoo, J., Slavish, D., Dietch, J. R., Kelly, K., Ruggero, C., & Taylor, D. J. (2023). Daily reactivity to stress and sleep disturbances: unique risk factors for insomnia. Sleep, 46(2).
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  To naturalistically measure sleep disturbances following stress exposure (i.e. sleep reactivity) and stress responses following sleep disturbances (i.e. stress reactivity) at the daily level and prospectively examine these reactivity measures as individual risk factors for insomnia.
• Young-McCaughan, S., Straud, C. L., Bumstead, S., Pruiksma, K. E., Taylor, D. J., Jacoby, V. M., Yarvis, J. S., & Peterson, A. L. (2023). Aerobic exercise improves sleep in U. S. active duty service members following brief treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Frontiers in psychology, 14, 1249543.
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  Physical exercise is a lifestyle intervention that can positively impact aspects of physical and psychological health. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that physical exercise, sleep, and PTSD are interrelated. This study investigated possible relationships. Three research questions were posed: (1) Did randomization to an aerobic exercise intervention reduce insomnia more than being randomized to an intervention without exercise, (2) Did change in sleep predict change in PTSD symptoms, and (3) Did change in sleep impact the relationship between exercise and PTSD symptom reductions?
• Farmer, H. R., Slavish, D. C., Ruiz, J., Dietch, J. R., Ruggero, C. J., Messman, B. A., Kelly, K., Kohut, M., & Taylor, D. J. (2022). Racial/ethnic variations in inflammatory markers: exploring the role of sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Journal of behavioral medicine, 45(6), 855-867.
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  Individuals from minoritized racial/ethnic groups have higher levels of circulating inflammatory markers. However, the mechanisms underlying these differences remain understudied. The objective of this study was to examine racial/ethnic variations in multiple markers of inflammation and whether impaired sleep contributes to these racial/ethnic differences. Nurses from two regional hospitals in Texas (n = 377; 71.62% White; 6.90% Black; 11.14% Hispanic, 10.34% Asian; mean age = 39.46; 91.78% female) completed seven days of sleep diaries and actigraphy to assess mean and variability in total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). On day 7, blood was drawn to assess 4 inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Results from regression models showed differences in inflammatory markers by race/ethnicity, adjusting for age and gender. The associations between sleep parameters and inflammatory markers also varied by race/ethnicity. Among White nurses, lower mean and greater variability in actigraphy-determined TST and greater variability in diary-determined TST were associated with higher levels of IL-6. Among Black nurses, lower mean diary-determined SE was associated with higher levels of IL-6 and IL-1β. Among Hispanic nurses, greater diary-determined mean TST was associated with higher CRP. Among Asian nurses, greater intraindividual variability in actigraphy-determined SE was associated with lower CRP. Among nurses, we did not find racial/ethnic disparities in levels of inflammation. However, analyses revealed differential relationships between sleep and inflammatory markers by race/ethnicity. Results highlight the importance of using a within-group approach to understand predictors of inflammatory markers.
• Macdonald, A., Fredman, S. J., Taylor, D. J., Pruiksma, K. E., Blount, T. H., Hall-Clark, B. N., Fina, B. A., Dondanville, K. A., Mintz, J., Litz, B. T., Young-McCaughan, S., Le, Y., Jenkins, A. I., Monson, C. M., Yarvis, J. S., Keane, T. M., Peterson, A. L., & , C. t. (2022). Secondary individual outcomes following multicouple group therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: An uncontrolled pilot study with military dyads. Journal of traumatic stress, 35(1), 321-329.
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  Cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy (CBCT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has demonstrated efficacy for improving PTSD and comorbid symptoms and relationship adjustment. To enhance treatment efficiency and scalability, we developed a 2-day, abbreviated, intensive, multicouple group version of CBCT for PTSD (AIM-CBCT for PTSD). Prior work demonstrated that AIM-CBCT for PTSD wasassociated with reductions in PTSD and comorbid symptoms in a sample of 24 post-9/11 active duty military or veteran couples who received the treatment in a retreat format over a single weekend. The current study investigated secondary outcomes regarding trauma-related cognitions, psychosocial impairment, and insomnia. For trauma-related cognitions, reductions were nonsignificant and small at 1-month follow-up, ds = -0.14 to -0.32. However, by 3-month follow-up, there were significant, medium effect size reductions in total trauma-related cognitions, d = -0.68, and negative views of self and others, ds = -0.64 and -0.57, respectively, relative to baseline. There was also a nonsignificant, small-to-medium effect-size reduction in self-blame, d = -0.43, p = .053, by 3-month follow-up. For psychosocial impairment, there were significant and medium-to-large and large effect size reductions by 1- and 3-month follow-ups, ds = -0.73 and -0.81, respectively. There were nonsignificant, small effect size reductions in insomnia at both 1- and 3-month follow-ups relative to baseline, ds = -0.30 and -0.34, respectively. These findings suggest that AIM-CBCT for PTSD is associated with reductions in maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions and psychosocial impairment but that adjunctive interventions may be needed to address insomnia.
• Messman, B. A., Wiley, J. F., Yap, Y., Tung, Y. C., Almeida, I. M., Dietch, J. R., Taylor, D. J., & Slavish, D. C. (2022). How much does sleep vary from night-to-night? A quantitative summary of intraindividual variability in sleep by age, gender, and racial/ethnic identity across eight-pooled datasets. Journal of sleep research, 31(6), e13680.
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  Habitual sleep duration and efficiency vary widely by age, gender, and racial/ethnic identity. Despite growing research on the importance of night-to-night, intraindividual variability (IIV) in sleep, few studies have examined demographic differences in sleep IIV. The present study describes typical sleep IIV overall and by demographics among healthy sleepers. Eight datasets of healthy sleepers (N = 2,404; 26,121 total days of sleep data) were synthesised to examine age, gender, and racial/ethnic identity differences in sleep IIV measured via diaries, actigraphy, and electroencephalography (EEG). Sleep IIV estimates included the intraindividual standard deviation (iSD), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), coefficient of variation (CV), and a validated Bayesian Variability Model (BVM). There was substantial IIV in sleep across measurement types (diary, actigraphy, EEG) for both sleep duration (iSD: 85.80 [diary], 77.41 [actigraphy], 67.04 [EEG] minutes; RMSSD: 118.91, 108.89, 91.93 minutes; CV: 19.19%, 19.11%, 18.57%; BVM: 60.60, 58.20, 48.60 minutes) and sleep efficiency (iSD: 5.18% [diary], 5.22% [actigraphy], 6.46% [EEG]; RMSSD: 7.01%, 7.08%, 8.44%; CV: 5.80%, 6.27%, 8.14%; BVM: 3.40%, 3.58%, 4.16%). Younger adults had more diary and actigraphy sleep duration IIV. Gender differences were inconsistent. White and non-Hispanic/Latinx adults had less IIV in sleep duration and efficiency compared to racial/ethnic minority groups. Even among healthy sleepers, sleep varies widely from night-to-night. Like mean sleep, there also may be disparities in IIV in sleep by demographic characteristics. Study results help characterise normative values of sleep IIV in healthy sleepers.
• Mysliwiec, V., Brock, M. S., Pruiksma, K. E., Straud, C. L., Taylor, D. J., Hansen, S., Foster, S. N., Mithani, S., Zwetzig, S., Gerwell, K., Young-McCaughan, S., Powell, T., Blue Star, J. A., Cassidy, D. G., Mintz, J., & Peterson, A. L. (2022). A comprehensive evaluation of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea and comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea in US military personnel. Sleep, 45(12).
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  The aim of this study was to characterize the sleep disorders of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and comorbid insomnia and OSA (COMISA) in active duty military personnel.
• Slavish, D. C., Contractor, A. A., Dietch, J. R., Messman, B., Lucke, H. R., Briggs, M., Thornton, J., Ruggero, C., Kelly, K., Kohut, M., & Taylor, D. J. (2022). Characterizing Patterns of Nurses' Daily Sleep Health: a Latent Profile Analysis. International journal of behavioral medicine.
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  Nursing is a demanding occupation characterized by dramatic sleep disruptions. Yet most studies on nurses' sleep treat sleep disturbances as a homogenous construct and do not use daily measures to address recall biases. Using person-centered analyses, we examined heterogeneity in nurses' daily sleep patterns in relation to psychological and physical health.
• Taylor, D. (2022). A comprehensive evaluation of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea and comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea in US military personnel. Sleep.
• Taylor, D. (2022). Daily stress and sleep associations vary by work schedule: A between‐ and within‐person analysis in nurses. Journal of Sleep Research.
• Taylor, D. (2022). How much does sleep vary from night‐to‐night? A quantitative summary of intraindividual variability in sleep by age, gender, and racial/ethnic identity across eight‐pooled datasets. Journal of Sleep Research.
• Taylor, D. (2022). Secondary individual outcomes following multicouple group therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: An uncontrolled pilot study with military dyads. Journal of Traumatic Stress.
• Taylor, D. (2022). Sleep and Mental Health in Athletes. Current Sleep Medicine Reports.
• Taylor, D. (2022). The association between race- and ethnicity-related stressors and sleep: the role of rumination and anxiety sensitivity. Sleep.
• Taylor, D. (2022). Web-based provider training of cognitive behavioral therapy of insomnia: engagement rates, knowledge acquisition, and provider acceptability. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy.
• Taylor, D. (2022). Within-person associations of optimistic and pessimistic expectations with momentary stress, affect, and ambulatory blood pressure. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping.
• Taylor, D. (2022). “Generalized unsafety” as fear inhibition to safety signals in adults with and without childhood trauma. Developmental Psychobiology.
• Taylor, D., Verdon, N., Lomax, P., Allen, R. J., & Titmuss, S. (2022). Tracking the stochastic growth of bacterial populations in microfluidic droplets. Physical biology, 19(2).
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  Bacterial growth in microfluidic droplets is relevant in biotechnology, in microbial ecology, and in understanding stochastic population dynamics in small populations. However, it has proved challenging to automate measurement of absolute bacterial numbers within droplets, forcing the use of proxy measures for population size. Here we present a microfluidic device and imaging protocol that allows high-resolution imaging of thousands of droplets, such that individual bacteria stay in the focal plane and can be counted automatically. Using this approach, we track the stochastic growth of hundreds of replicatepopulations within droplets. We find that, for early times, the statistics of the growth trajectories obey the predictions of the Bellman-Harris model, in which there is no inheritance of division time. Our approach should allow further testing of models for stochastic growth dynamics, as well as contributing to broader applications of droplet-based bacterial culture.
• Wilkerson, A. K., Wardle-Pinkston, S., Dietch, J. R., Pruiksma, K. E., Simmons, R. O., Bunnell, B. E., & Taylor, D. J. (2022). Web-based provider training of cognitive behavioral therapy of insomnia: engagement rates, knowledge acquisition, and provider acceptability. Cognitive behaviour therapy, 1-10.
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  Insomnia is common but severely underreported and undertreated. One possible reason for this problem is the lack of providers in cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). To address this we created CBTIweb.org, an online training platform for providers to learn the basics of sleep, assessing insomnia, and CBT-I. The present study assessed the reach of CBTIweb by examining engagement, knowledge acquisition, and perceived acceptability. Participants who registered for CBTIweb self-reported their practice setting and personal characteristics (i.e. degree, profession, licensure status). Knowledge acquisition was assessed with pre- and post-tests, and provider acceptability was assessed via a survey. In the first three months after launching CBTIweb, 2586 providers registered and 624 of these completed the training within three months of registering. Chi-square tests of independence revealed no differences in completion rates by education or profession, though trainees were more likely to initiate and complete treatment than licensed providers. Paired tests revealed significant knowledge acquisition, and most providers positively rated the website navigation, content, aesthetics, and understanding of core CBT-I skills. This study demonstrated CBTIweb is an effective platform for training health professionals to be minimally proficient in the gold standard treatment for insomnia disorder.
• Young-McCaughan, S., Peterson, A. L., Mintz, J., Hale, W. J., Dondanville, K. A., Borah, E. V., Blount, T. H., Blankenship, A. E., Fina, B. A., Hall-Clark, B. N., Hernandez, A. M., Jacoby, V. M., Malach, S. L., Williams, J. M., Compton, K. E., Bingham, M. O., Vriend, C. A., Inman, A. W., Brundige, A., , Arzola, S. M., et al. (2022). Testing the role of aerobic exercise in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in U.S. active duty military personnel: a pilot study. Cognitive behaviour therapy, 1-16.
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  The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if the efficacy of imaginal exposure for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) could be improved by adding aerobic exercise. We hypothesized that aerobic exercise would enhance the efficacy of exposure therapy. Active duty service members with clinically significant symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTSD Checklist-Stressor-Specific Version, [PCL-S], ≥25) were randomized into one of four conditions: exercise only; imaginal exposure only; imaginal exposure plus exercise; no exercise/no exposure therapy (control). Participants ( = 72) were primarily male, Army, noncommissioned officers ranging in age from 22 to 52. PTSD symptom severity decreased over time (
• Bilsky, S. A., Luber, M. J., Cloutier, R. M., Dietch, J. R., Taylor, D. J., & Friedman, H. P. (2021). Cigarette use, anxiety, and insomnia from adolescence to early adulthood: A longitudinal indirect effects test. Addictive behaviors, 120, 106981.
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  Cigarette use during adolescence has been linked to increased risk for insomnia symptoms, but limited work has examined factors that may account for this association. Adolescent cigarette use and anxiety symptoms characterized by physiological hyperarousal evidence bidirectional associations, as do anxiety symptoms and insomnia symptoms. This suggests that adolescent cigarette use, anxiety symptoms characterized by physiological hyperarousal, and insomnia symptoms may increase and maintain one another. The current study tests physiological hyperarousal anxiety symptoms as a potential indirect effect in the cigarette-insomnia symptoms link across adolescence and young adulthood.
• Brown, L. A., Bryan, C. J., Butner, J. E., Tabares, J. V., Young-McCaughan, S., Hale, W. J., Fina, B. A., Foa, E. B., Resick, P. A., Taylor, D. J., Coon, H., Williamson, D. E., Dondanville, K. A., Borah, E. V., McLean, C. P., Wachen, J. S., Pruiksma, K. E., Hernandez, A. M., Litz, B. T., , Mintz, J., et al. (2021). Identifying suicidal subtypes and dynamic indicators of increasing and decreasing suicide risk in active duty military personnel: Study protocol. Contemporary clinical trials communications, 21, 100752.
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  Several recent studies have demonstrated that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and insomnia treatments are associated with significant reductions in suicidal ideation (SI) among service members. However, few investigations have evaluated the manner in which suicide risk changes over time among military personnel receiving PTSD or insomnia treatments. This paper describes the study protocol for a project with these aims: (1) explore potential genetic, clinical, and demographic subtypes of suicide risk in a large cohort of deployed service members; (2) explore subtype change in SI as a result of evidence-based psychotherapies for PTSD and insomnia; (3) evaluate the speed of change in suicide risk; and (4) identify predictors of higher- and lower-risk for suicide.
• Contractor, A. A., Slavish, D. C., Weiss, N. H., Alghraibeh, A. M., Alafnan, A. A., & Taylor, D. J. (2021). Moderating effects of sleep difficulties on relations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and positive memory count. Journal of clinical psychology, 77(9), 2057-2076.
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  Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity relates to positive memory retrieval difficulties. One variable potentially influencing this relation is sleep difficulties. We examined moderating effects of sleep difficulties (duration and quality) on relations between PTSD severity and count of specific positive memories covarying for age, gender, and depression.
• Dietch, J. R., & Taylor, D. J. (2021). Evaluation of the Consensus Sleep Diary in a community sample: comparison with single-channel electroencephalography, actigraphy, and retrospective questionnaire. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 17(7), 1389-1399.
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  The Consensus Sleep Diary (CSD) was developed by experts to promote standardization of sleep diary data across the field, but studies comparing the CSD with other assessments of sleep parameters are scarce. This study compared the CSD with 3 other methods to assess sleep duration, efficiency, and timing.
• Dutcher, C. D., Dowd, S. M., Zalta, A. K., Taylor, D. J., Rosenfield, D., Perrone, A., Otto, M. W., Pollack, M. H., Hofmann, S. G., & Smits, J. A. (2021). Sleep quality and outcome of exposure therapy in adults with social anxiety disorder. Depression and anxiety, 38(11), 1182-1190.
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  Poor sleep is prevalent among individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and may negatively affect exposure therapy outcomes. Poor sleep may impair memory and learning, and thus compromise fear extinction learning thought to take place in exposure therapy. We examined poor sleep as a predictor of exposure therapy outcomes for SAD and the moderating role of d-cycloserine (DCS) on this relationship.
• Garcia, O., Slavish, D. C., Dietch, J. R., Messman, B. A., Contractor, A. A., Haynes, P. L., Pruiksma, K. E., Kelly, K., Ruggero, C., & Taylor, D. J. (2021). What goes around comes around: Nightmares and daily stress are bidirectionally associated in nurses. Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 37(5), 1035-1042.
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  Nurses may experience frequent nightmares due to stressful work environments. Nightmares may also exacerbate stress among nurses, although this has yet to be tested empirically. We examined daily bidirectional associations between stress severity and nightmares, and moderation by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. 392 nurses (92% female; 78% White) completed 14 days of sleep diaries to assess previous-day stress severity and nightmare occurrence and severity. PTSD symptoms were assessed at baseline. Multilevel models were used to examine bidirectional, within-person associations between daily stress and nightmares, and cross-level moderation by baseline PTSD symptoms. 47.2% of nurses reported at least one nightmare across the two weeks. Days with greater stress were associated with higher odds of experiencing a nightmare (OR = 1.22, p = 0.001), as well as greater nightmare severity (b = 0.09, p = 0.033). Nightmare occurrence was associated with greater next-day stress severity (b = 0.15, p < 0.001). Daily stress and nightmare associations were similar for those with and without PTSD symptoms. Nightmares and stress may occur in a bidirectional fashion. Nurses face intense occupational demands and frequent exposure to potentially traumatic events. Studies should explore whether targeting nightmares and stress may improve nurses' health and well-being.
• McGrath, A. B., Weinstock, J., Cloutier, R., Christensen, M., Taylor, D. J., & Henderson, C. E. (2021). Examination of college student health behaviors and self-reported executive functions. Journal of American college health : J of ACH, 1-11.
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  Emerging adulthood is characterized by maturation of executive functions (EF) and changes in health behaviors (HB). Interestingly, EF are bi-directionally related to many specific HB; yet how EF performs in relation to overall patterns of HB engagement is unclear. Groupings of HB and the relationship between these HB groupings and EF were examined. Participants. Full-time college students were recruited from three large Mid- and Southwest universities ( = 1,387). Methods. Online self-report questionnaires assessing demographics, HB, and EF were completed. Results. Latent class analysis of HB revealed three classes: (1) (2) (3) . In general, the Healthy class had significantly greater EF compared to no significant differences between the other two classes. Conclusions. Collective engagement in HB is associated with EF. Interventions targeting both HB and EF simultaneously may be most efficacious.
• Messman, B. A., Slavish, D. C., Dietch, J. R., Jenkins, B. N., Ten Brink, M., & Taylor, D. J. (2021). Associations between daily affect and sleep vary by sleep assessment type: What can ambulatory EEG add to the picture?. Sleep health.
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  Disrupted sleep can be a cause and a consequence of affective experiences. However, daily longitudinal studies show sleep assessed via sleep diaries is more consistently associated with positive and negative affect than sleep assessed via actigraphy. The objective of the study was to test whether sleep parameters derived from ambulatory electroencephalography (EEG) in a naturalistic setting were associated with day-to-day changes in affect.
• Mysliwiec, V., Brock, M. S., Creamer, J. L., Espejo, E. P., Markwald, R. R., Matwiyoff, G. N., Peachey, J. T., O'Reilly, B. M., Shattuck, N. L., Taylor, D. J., Troxel, W. M., & Germain, A. (2021). Leaning in to Address Sleep Disturbances and Sleep Disorders in Department of Defense and Defense Health Agency. Military medicine.
• Mysliwiec, V., Pruiksma, K. E., Brock, M. S., Straud, C., Taylor, D. J., Hansen, S., Foster, S. N., Gerwell, K., Moore, B. A., Carrizales, F. A., Young-McCaughan, S., Vanecek, R., Mintz, J., Peterson, A. L., & , S. S. (2021). The Military Service Sleep Assessment: an instrument to assess factors precipitating sleep disturbances in U.S. military personnel. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 17(7), 1401-1409.
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  Military personnel frequently experience sleep difficulties, but little is known regarding which military or life events most impact their sleep. The Military Service Sleep Assessment (MSSA) was developed to assess the impact of initial military training, first duty assignment, permanent change of station, deployments, redeployments, and stressful life events on sleep. This study presents an initial psychometric evaluation of the MSSA and descriptive data in a cohort of service members.
• Peterson, A. L., Young-McCaughan, S., Roache, J. D., Mintz, J., Litz, B. T., Williamson, D. E., Resick, P. A., Foa, E. B., McGeary, D. D., Dondanville, K. A., Taylor, D. J., Wachen, J. S., Fox, P. T., Bryan, C. J., McLean, C. P., Pruiksma, K. E., Yarvis, J. S., Niles, B. L., Abdallah, C. G., , Averill, L. A., et al. (2021). STRONG STAR and the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD: Shaping the future of combat PTSD and related conditions in military and veteran populations. Contemporary clinical trials, 110, 106583.
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  The STRONG STAR Consortium (South Texas Research Organizational Network Guiding Studies on Trauma and Resilience) and the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD are interdisciplinary and multi-institutional research consortia focused on the detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid conditions in military personnel and veterans. This manuscript outlines the consortia's state-of-the-science collaborative research model and how this can be used as a roadmap for future trauma-related research. STRONG STAR was initially funded for 5 years in 2008 by the U.S. Department of Defense's (DoD) Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury Research Program. Since the initial funding of STRONG STAR, almost 50 additional peer-reviewed STRONG STAR-affiliated projects have been funded through the DoD, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the National Institutes of Health, and private organizations. In 2013, STRONG STAR investigators partnered with the VA's National Center for PTSD and were selected for joint DoD/VA funding to establish the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD. STRONG STAR and the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD have assembled a critical mass of investigators and institutions with the synergy required to make major scientific and public health advances in the prevention and treatment of combat PTSD and related conditions. This manuscript provides an overview of the establishment of these two research consortia, including their history, vision, mission, goals, and accomplishments. Comprehensive tables provide descriptions of over 70 projects supported by the consortia. Examples are provided of collaborations among over 50 worldwide academic research institutions and over 150 investigators.
• Slavish, D. C., Dietch, J. R., Kane, H. S., Messman, B. A., Garcia, O., Wiley, J. F., Yap, Y., Kelly, K., Ruggero, C., & Taylor, D. J. (2021). Daily stress and sleep associations vary by work schedule: A between- and within-person analysis in nurses. Journal of sleep research, e13506.
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  Nurses experience poor sleep and high stress due to demanding work environments. Night shift work is common among nurses and may exacerbate stress-sleep associations. We examined bidirectional associations between daily stress and sleep, and moderation by recent shift worker status and daily work schedule among nurses. Participants were 392 nurses (92% female; 78% White, mean age = 39.54, SD = 11.15) who completed 14 days of electronic sleep diaries and actigraphy. They simultaneously completed assessments of daily stress and work schedule upon awakening (day shift vs. night shift [work between 9 p.m.-6 a.m.] vs. off work). Participants were classified as recent night shift workers if they worked at least one night shift during the past 14 days (n = 101; 26%). In the entire sample, greater daily stress predicted shorter self-reported total sleep time and lower self-reported sleep efficiency that night. Shorter self-reported and actigraphy total sleep time and lower self-reported sleep efficiency predicted higher next-day stress. Compared with recent night shift workers, day workers reported higher stress after nights with shorter total sleep time. Stress-sleep associations mostly did not vary by nurses' daily work schedule. Sleep disturbances and stress may unfold in a toxic cycle and are prime targets for tailored interventions among nurses. Night shift workers may be less susceptible to the effects of short sleep on next-day stress. Research is needed to understand the short- and long-term effects of shift work and address the unique sleep challenges nurses face.
• Taylor, D. (2021). Identifying suicidal subtypes and dynamic indicators of increasing and decreasing suicide risk in active duty military personnel: Study protocol. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications.
• Taylor, D. J., Dietch, J. R., Pruiksma, K., Calhoun, C. D., Milanak, M. E., Wardle-Pinkston, S., Rheingold, A. A., Ruggiero, K. J., Bunnell, B. E., & Wilkerson, A. K. (2021). Developing and Testing a Web-Based Provider Training for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Insomnia. Military medicine, 186(Suppl 1), 230-238.
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  Chronic insomnia is a common and debilitating disease that increases risk for significant morbidity and workplace difficulties. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the first-line treatment, but there is a critical lack of behavioral health providers trained in CBT-I because, in part, of a bottleneck in training availability and costs. The current project developed and evaluated a web-based provider training course for CBT-I: CBTIweb.org.
• Wilkerson, A. K., Simmons, R. O., Sahlem, G. L., Taylor, D. J., Smith, J. P., Book, S. W., & McRae-Clark, A. L. (2021). Sleep and substance use disorder treatment: A preliminary study of subjective and objective assessment of sleep during an intensive outpatient program. The American journal on addictions, 30(5), 477-484.
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  Characteristics of sleep concerns and their relationship to mental health in heterogeneous substance use disorder (SUD) treatment settings are not well understood. The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess sleep using subjective and objective measures at two time points during SUD treatment and compare sleep changes to changes in mental health measures.
• Dietch, J. R., Taylor, D. J., Pruiksma, K., Wardle-Pinkston, S., Slavish, D. C., Messman, B., Estevez, R., Ruggero, C. J., & Kelly, K. (2020). The Nightmare Disorder Index: Development and Initial Validation in a Sample of Nurses. Sleep.
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  Nurses are a group at high risk for nightmares, yet little is known about the rate of nightmare disorder and associated psychosocial factors in this group in part attributable to the lack of a self-report questionnaire to assess DSM-5 criteria for nightmare disorder. Aims of the current study were to 1) report on development and initial validity of a self-report measure of DSM-5 nightmare disorder, and 2) examine the rate and associated factors of nightmare disorder among nurses.
• Felt, J. M., Russell, M. A., Ruiz, J. M., Johnson, J. A., Uchino, B. N., Allison, M., Smith, T. W., Taylor, D. J., Ahn, C., & Smyth, J. (2020). A multimethod approach examining the relative contributions of optimism and pessimism to cardiovascular disease risk markers. Journal of behavioral medicine, 43(5), 839-849.
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  Although dispositional optimism and pessimism are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), their relative independence and unique contributions to CVD risk are unclear. This study addressed these issues by using multiple indicators of optimism and pessimism and linking them to objective risk factors for CVD. A diverse sample of adults (N = 300) completed baseline assessments (including global reports of optimism and pessimism), a 2-day/1-night EMA protocol with ambulatory blood pressure (BP) at 45-min intervals, and had inflammatory markers and carotid intima media imaging collected. EMA reports of momentary positive and negative expectations were averaged to form intraindividual (person) means of optimism and pessimism, respectively. Optimism and pessimism were only modestly correlated between- and within-assessment methods. Higher pessimism, regardless of assessment method, predicted both lower odds of whether BP dipping occurred and a smaller degree of dipping, but was unrelated to other biomarkers. Optimism was not uniquely predictive of CVD risk factors. Pessimism thus appears to exhibit stronger relative contribution to risk indicators of CVD than optimism.
• Kim, M., Van Horn, M. L., Jaki, T., Vermunt, J., Feaster, D., Lichstein, K. L., Taylor, D. J., Riedel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2020). Repeated measures regression mixture models. Behavior research methods, 52(2), 591-606.
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  Regression mixture models are one increasingly utilized approach for developing theories about and exploring the heterogeneity of effects. In this study we aimed to extend the current use of regression mixtures to a repeated regression mixture method when repeated measures, such as diary-type and experience-sampling method, data are available. We hypothesized that additional information borrowed from the repeated measures would improve the model performance, in terms of class enumeration and accuracy of the parameter estimates. We specifically compared three types of model specifications in regression mixtures: (a) traditional single-outcome model; (b) repeated measures models with three, five, and seven measures; and (c) a single-outcome model with the average of seven repeated measures. The results showed that the repeated measures regression mixture models substantially outperformed the traditional and average single-outcome models in class enumeration, with less bias in the parameter estimates. For sample size, whereas prior recommendations have suggested that regression mixtures require samples of well over 1,000 participants, even for classes at a large distance from each other (classes with regression weights of .20 vs. .70), the present repeated measures regression mixture models allow for samples as low as 200 participants with an increased number (i.e., seven) of repeated measures. We also demonstrate an application of the proposed repeated measures approach using data from the Sleep Research Project. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
• Lauer, E. E., Dietch, J. R., Chu, T. L., Barton, M., Martin, S. B., Petrie, T. A., Greenleaf, C. A., & Taylor, D. J. (2020). Insomnia, Psychosocial Well-Being, and Weight Control Behaviors Among Healthy-Weight Adolescent Females: Brief Report. International journal of behavioral medicine.
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  Weight control behaviors (WCBs) typically involve appearance- or health-driven behaviors that may be influenced by physiological, psychological, or social factors. Sleep disturbances like insomnia are an important area of research for adolescent populations, as early intervention may result in improvements in other physical and mental health domains. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of insomnia, psychosocial well-being, and current WCBs in healthy-weight female adolescents.
• Pruiksma, K. E., Hale, W. J., Mintz, J., Peterson, A. L., Young-McCaughan, S., Wilkerson, A., Nicholson, K., Dondanville, K. A., Fina, B. A., Borah, E. V., Roache, J. D., Litz, B. T., Bryan, C. J., Taylor, D. J., & , S. S. (2020). Predictors of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTi) Outcomes in Active-Duty U.S. Army Personnel. Behavior therapy, 51(4), 522-534.
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  Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is well established as the first-line treatment for the management of chronic insomnia. Identifying predictors of response to CBTi should enable the field to efficiently utilize resources to treat those who are likely to respond and to personalize treatment approaches to optimize outcomes for those who are less likely to respond to traditional CBTi. Although a range of studies have been conducted, no clear pattern of predictors of response to CBTi has emerged. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact and relative importance of a comprehensive group of pretreatment predictors of insomnia outcomes in 99 active-duty service members who received in-person CBTi in a randomized clinical trial. Results indicated that higher levels of baseline insomnia severity and total sleep time predicted greater improvements on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) following treatment. Higher depression symptoms and a history of head injury predicted a worse response to treatment (i.e., smaller improvements on the ISI). Clinically meaningful improvements, as measured by the reliable change index (RCI), were found in 59% of the sample. Over and above baseline insomnia severity, only depressive symptoms predicted this outcome. Future studies should examine if modifications to CBTi based on these predictors of response can improve outcomes.
• Pruiksma, K. E., Slavish, D. C., Taylor, D. J., Dietch, J. R., Tyler, H., Dolan, M., Bryan, A. O., & Bryan, C. J. (2020). Nightmares and Insomnia in the US National Guard: Mental and Physical Health Correlates. International journal of behavioral medicine.
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  Nightmares and insomnia are significant concerns that commonly co-occur with each other and with other health disorders. Limited research has examined the unique and shared aspects of insomnia and nightmares, and little is known about sleep in US National Guard personnel. This study sought to determine the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of nightmares with and without insomnia in US National Guard personnel.
• Pruiksma, K. E., Taylor, D. J., Mintz, J., Nicholson, K. L., Rodgers, M., Young-McCaughan, S., Hall-Clark, B. N., Fina, B. A., Dondanville, K. A., Cobos, B., Wardle-Pinkston, S., Litz, B. T., Roache, J. D., Peterson, A. L., & , S. S. (2020). A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral treatment for trauma-related nightmares in active duty military personnel. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 16(1), 29-40.
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  The aim of this study was to obtain preliminary data on the efficacy, credibility, and acceptability of Exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy for military service members and veterans (ERRT-M) in active duty military personnel with trauma-related nightmares.
• Silva, M. A., Calvo, D., Brennan, E. M., Reljic, T., Drasher-Phillips, L., Schwartz, D. J., Kumar, A., Cotner, B. A., Taylor, D. J., & Nakase-Richardson, R. (2020). Incidence and predictors of adherence to sleep apnea treatment in rehabilitation inpatients with acquired brain injury. Sleep medicine, 69, 159-167.
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  The purpose of this study was to describe incidence and assess predictors of adherence to Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in persons with acquired brain injury (ABI).
• Slavish, D. C., Asbee, J., Veeramachaneni, K., Messman, B. A., Scott, B., Sin, N. L., Taylor, D. J., & Dietch, J. R. (2020). The Cycle of Daily Stress and Sleep: Sleep Measurement Matters. Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine.
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  Disturbed sleep can be a cause and a consequence of elevated stress. Yet intensive longitudinal studies have revealed that sleep assessed via diaries and actigraphy is inconsistently associated with daily stress.
• Slavish, D. C., Taylor, D. J., Dietch, J. R., Wardle-Pinkston, S., Messman, B., Ruggero, C. J., Kohut, M., & Kelly, K. (2020). Intraindividual Variability in Sleep and Levels of Systemic Inflammation in Nurses. Psychosomatic medicine, 82(7), 678-688.
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  Disturbed sleep is common among nurses and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Inflammation may be one mechanism linking sleep and disease. However, most studies rely on retrospective questionnaires to assess sleep, which fail to account for night-to-night fluctuations in sleep across time (i.e., intraindividual variability [IIV]). We examined prospective associations between mean and IIV in sleep with inflammation markers in nurses.
• Taylor, D. (2020). Nightmares and Insomnia in the US National Guard: Mental and Physical Health Correlates. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine.
• Taylor, D. (2020). Sleep problems in active duty military personnel seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: presence, change, and impact on outcomes. Sleep.
• Taylor, D. (2020). The Nightmare Disorder Index: development and initial validation in a sample of nurses. Sleep.
• Taylor, D. J., Pruiksma, K. E., Hale, W., McLean, C. P., Zandberg, L. J., Brown, L., Mintz, J., Young-McCaughan, S., Peterson, A. L., Yarvis, J. S., Dondanville, K. A., Litz, B. T., Roache, J., & Foa, E. B. (2020). Sleep problems in active duty military personnel seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: presence, change, and impact on outcomes. Sleep, 43(10).
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  To examine sleep disorder symptom reports at baseline and posttreatment in a sample of active duty U.S. Army Soldiers receiving treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Explore sleep-related predictors of outcomes.
• Taylor, D. J., Pruiksma, K. E., Mintz, J., Slavish, D. C., Wardle-Pinkston, S., Tyler, H., Dondanville, K. A., Young-McCaughan, S., Scullin, M. K., Nicholson, K. L., Litz, B. T., Dietch, J. R., Williamson, D. E., Keane, T. M., Peterson, A. L., Resick, P. A., & , C. t. (2020). Treatment of comorbid sleep disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder in active duty military: Design and methodology of a randomized clinical trial. Contemporary clinical trials, 99, 106186.
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  Many individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) also suffer from insomnia and nightmares, which may be symptoms of PTSD or constitute partially independent comorbid disorders. Sleep disturbances are resistant to current treatments for PTSD, and those suffering from PTSD, insomnia, and nightmares have worse PTSD treatment outcomes. In addition, insomnia and nightmares are risk factors for depression, substance abuse, anxiety, and suicide. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia and Nightmares (CBT-I&N) and Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) for PTSD are first line treatments of these conditions. CPT does not typically address insomnia or nightmares, and CBT-I&N does not typically address other symptoms of PTSD. There are limited scientific data on how best to provide these therapies to individuals suffering with all three disorders. This project aims to inform the most effective way to treat individuals suffering from PTSD, insomnia, and nightmares, potentially changing the standard of care. U.S. military personnel and recently discharged Veterans who served in support of combat operations following 9/11 aged 18-65 with PTSD, insomnia, and nightmares (N = 222) will be randomly assigned to one of the following 18-session individual treatment conditions delivered over 12-weeks: (1) 6 sessions of CBT-I&N followed by 12 sessions of CPT; (2) 12 sessions of CPT followed by 6 sessions of CBT-I&N; or (3) 12 sessions of CPT followed by an additional 6 sessions of CPT. All participants will be assessed at baseline, during treatment, and at 1-week, 1-month, 3-months, and 6-months posttreatment. The primary outcome will be PTSD symptom severity.
• Taylor, D. J., Straud, C., Hale, W., Grieser, E., Garb, L., & Garb, H. (2020). Sleep difficulties as a predictor of attrition in United States Air Force recruits. Sleep health, 6(3), 338-343.
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  The objective of the study was to estimate the rates of "difficulty sleeping at night" in newly enlisted United States Air Force (USAF) recruits and determine if these sleep difficulties predicted 1-year attrition (discharge for any reason) independently and after controlling for all other Lackland Behavioral Questionnaire (LBQ) predictors.
• Walker, J. L., Slavish, D. C., Dolan, M., Dietch, J. R., Wardle-Pinkston, S., Messman, B., Ruggero, C. J., Kohut, M., Borwick, J., Kelly, K., & Taylor, D. J. (2020). Age-dependent associations among insomnia, depression, and inflammation in nurses. Psychology & health, 1-18.
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  Insomnia and depression have been inconsistently associated with inflammation. Age may be one important moderator of these associations. This study examined associations between insomnia and depression with inflammatory biomarkers in nurses and how these associations varied by age. Participants were 392 nurses ages 18-65 ( = 39.54 years ± 11.15, 92% female) recruited from two hospitals. Participants completed surveys to assess insomnia and depression symptoms. Serum samples were obtained and analysed for inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Neither insomnia nor depression symptoms were associated with inflammatory biomarkers. Older age was associated with higher IL-1β, and age moderated the effects of depression symptoms on CRP and TNF-α: Greater depression symptoms were associated with higher CRP ( = .14, = .017) and TNF-α ( = .008, = .165) among older nurses only. : Results suggest older nurses with higher depression symptoms may be at increased risk for elevated inflammation. Interventions should consider the role of age-related processes in modifying health and well-being. Given relatively low levels of depression in the current sample, future studies should replicate results in clinical and non-nurse samples.
• Yap, Y., Slavish, D. C., Taylor, D. J., Bei, B., & Wiley, J. F. (2020). Bi-directional relations between stress and self-reported and actigraphy-assessed sleep: a daily intensive longitudinal study. Sleep, 43(3).
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  Stress is associated with poor and short sleep, but the temporal order of these variables remains unclear. This study examined the temporal and bi-directional associations between stress and sleep and explored the moderating role of baseline sleep complaints, using daily, intensive longitudinal designs.
• Blumenthal, H., Taylor, D. J., Cloutier, R. M., Baxley, C., & Lasslett, H. (2019). The Links Between Social Anxiety Disorder, Insomnia Symptoms, and Alcohol Use Disorders: Findings From a Large Sample of Adolescents in the United States. Behavior therapy, 50(1), 50-59.
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  Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with increased risk of developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Most of the current literature has focused on the role of acute stress responding in this relation; however, both SAD and AUDs also are linked to insomnia symptoms (i.e., difficulty falling or staying asleep). As adolescence is a sensitive period for the onset of these disorders, the present study examined if insomnia symptoms might partially account for the SAD-AUD link in a large sample of adolescents. Data from the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement were examined. Participants (N = 10,140) completed interviews to assess past 12-month SAD and AUD diagnostic status as well as insomnia symptoms. Analyses tested whether insomnia symptoms accounted for a significant proportion of the SAD-AUD relation. Results indicated that insomnia symptoms were positively related to both SAD and AUD status, and the relation between SAD and AUD status was significantly reduced when insomnia symptoms were included in the model. Findings remained significant after controlling for the effects of age, gender, posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and other drug dependence status. Experimental examination and intensive longitudinal assessment of these relationships are needed before strong conclusions can be inferred about causality and temporal relationships. The current findings do indicate insomnia may be an important indirect and stigma-free treatment target to address in prevention and treatment efforts for SAD, AUDs, and their co-occurrence.
• Brown, L. A., Zang, Y., Benhamou, K., Taylor, D. J., Bryan, C. J., Yarvis, J. S., Dondanville, K. A., Litz, B. T., Mintz, J., Roache, J. D., Pruiksma, K. E., Fina, B. A., Young-McCaughan, S., Peterson, A. L., Foa, E. B., & , S. S. (2019). Mediation of suicide ideation in prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour research and therapy, 119, 103409.
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  Evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with reduction in suicidal ideation (SI), yet the mechanisms underlying this reduction are unclear. The current study investigated improvements in PTSD, depression, and social support as potential mediators of the change in SI over time.
• Dietch, J. R., & Taylor, D. J. (2019). The enigma of objective and subjective measurement of response to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: Call to action. Sleep medicine reviews, 47, 119-121.
• Dietch, J. R., Ruggero, C. J., Schuler, K., Taylor, D. J., Luft, B. J., & Kotov, R. (2019). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and sleep in the daily lives of World Trade Center responders. Journal of occupational health psychology, 24(6), 689-702.
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  Sleep disturbances are common in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and can have major impacts on workplace performance and functioning. Although effects between PTSD and sleep broadly have been documented, little work has tested their day-to-day temporal relationship particularly in those exposed to occupational trauma. The present study examined daily, bidirectional associations between PTSD symptoms and self-reported sleep duration and quality in World Trade Center (WTC) responders oversampled for PTSD. WTC responders (N = 202; 19.3% with current PTSD diagnosis) were recruited from the Long Island site of the WTC health program. Participants were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; SCID; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 1997) and completed daily assessments of PTSD symptoms, sleep duration and sleep quality for 7 days. PTSD symptoms on a given day were prospectively associated with shorter sleep duration (β = -.13) and worse sleep quality (β = -.18) later that night. Reverse effects were also significant but smaller, with reduced sleep duration (not quality) predicting increased PTSD the next day (β = -.04). Effects of PTSD on sleep duration and quality were driven by numbing symptoms, whereas effects of sleep duration on PTSD were largely based on intrusion symptoms. PTSD symptoms and sleep have bidirectional associations that occur on a daily basis, representing potential targets to disrupt maintenance of each. Improving PTSD numbing symptoms may improve sleep, and increasing sleep duration may improve intrusion symptoms in individuals with exposure to work-related traumatic events. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
• Dietch, J. R., Sethi, K., Slavish, D. C., & Taylor, D. J. (2019). Validity of two retrospective questionnaire versions of the Consensus Sleep Diary: the whole week and split week Self-Assessment of Sleep Surveys. Sleep medicine, 63, 127-136.
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  Prospective, daily sleep diaries are the gold standard for assessing subjective sleep but are not always feasible for cross-sectional or epidemiological studies. The current study examined psychometric properties of two retrospective questionnaire versions of the Consensus Sleep Diary.
• Doyle, C. Y., Ruiz, J. M., Taylor, D. J., Smyth, J. W., Flores, M., Dietch, J. R., Ahn, C., Allison, M., Smith, T. W., & Uchino, B. N. (2019). Associations Between Objective Sleep and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in a Community Sample. Psychosomatic medicine, 81(6), 545-556.
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  Epidemiologic data increasingly support sleep as a determinant of cardiovascular disease risk. Fewer studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying this relationship using objective sleep assessment approaches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine associations between daily blood pressure (BP) and both objectively assessed sleep duration and efficiency.
• McGuffin, J. J., Riggs, S. A., & Taylor, D. J. (2019). Role of Combat Exposure and Insomnia in Student Veterans' Adaptation to College. Behavioral sleep medicine, 17(2), 213-223.
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  : Since 2002, the number of college student veterans has nearly doubled, although 30-40% of veterans fail to complete their degree. Few research efforts to understand the challenges veterans face transitioning to college in recent years have looked beyond the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder. Insomnia is the most frequently reported symptom of combat veterans and can have serious implications for college students. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of insomnia in student veteran adaptation to college relative to civilian students. : College students (= 588), including 154 veterans, participated in a large online study examining the psychological, relational, and academic functioning of college students. Approximately 61% of the veteran subsample reported combat exposure. : Students were administered a Background Information Questionnaire, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory, and the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and regression to test for direct and indirect effects. : Student veterans reported better academic and personal-emotional adaptation than civilian students, while civilians reported better social adjustment than veterans. However, follow-up analyses revealed that these effects might be explained by group differences in gender, income, and marital status. Although combat veterans without insomnia had better academic adjustment than noncombat veterans and civilian students, insomnia seemed to have a greater negative effect on combat veterans' academic adjustment relative to civilian students. Furthermore, insomnia mediated the relationship between combat exposure and veterans' personal-emotional adjustment to college.
• McLean, C. P., Zandberg, L., Roache, J. D., Fitzgerald, H., Pruiksma, K. E., Taylor, D. J., Dondanville, K. A., Litz, B. T., Mintz, J., Young-McCaughan, S., Yarvis, J. S., Peterson, A. L., Foa, E. B., & Strong Star Consortium, F. T. (2019). Caffeine Use in Military Personnel With PTSD: Prevalence and Impact on Sleep. Behavioral sleep medicine, 17(2), 202-212.
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  : Caffeine use is highly prevalent among active duty military personnel and can be beneficial to performance in the short term. However, regular caffeine use has been found to contribute to sleep disturbances, which are elevated among the significant number of military personnel with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study is the first to examine caffeine use and its relationship with sleep disturbances in military personnel seeking treatment for PTSD. : Active duty military personnel ( = 366) who had returned from deployments to Afghanistan or Iraq and were seeking treatment for PTSD. : Pearson correlations were used to examine the relationships between caffeine use, sleep disturbances, and PTSD symptom clusters. : The majority of the sample (89%) reported some caffeine use, with coffee being the largest contributor to total caffeine intake. Contrary to hypotheses, higher caffeine use was associated with lower insomnia symptom severity; follow-up analysis indicated that this was due to elevated insomnia symptom severity in those reporting no caffeine use. Caffeine use was not associated with any other measures of sleep disturbance or with PTSD symptoms. : Caffeine use was not associated with greater reported sleep disturbances in this sample, possibly because those with elevated insomnia symptom severity abstained from any caffeine, or because insomnia symptoms were elevated in this sample.
• Slavish, D. C., Taylor, D. J., & Lichstein, K. L. (2019). Intraindividual variability in sleep and comorbid medical and mental health conditions. Sleep, 42(6).
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  Intraindividual variability (IIV) in sleep may be a risk factor for disease above the influence of mean sleep. Associations between IIV in sleep and risk for a comprehensive set of common medical and mental health conditions have not been assessed in a representative sample.
• Taylor, D. (2019). Mediation of suicide ideation in prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy.
• Taylor, D. (2019). Validity of two retrospective questionnaire versions of the Consensus Sleep Diary: the whole week and split week Self-Assessment of Sleep Surveys. Sleep Medicine.
• Tutek, J., Mulla, M. M., Emert, S. E., Molzof, H. E., Lichstein, K. L., Taylor, D. J., Riedel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2019). Health and demographic discriminators of an insomnia identity and self-reported poor quantitative sleep. Sleep health, 5(3), 221-226.
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  To identify factors that most saliently characterize the profile of individuals who complain of chronic insomnia, with or without quantitative sleep impairment.
• Wardle-Pinkston, S., Slavish, D. C., & Taylor, D. J. (2019). Insomnia and cognitive performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep medicine reviews, 48, 101205.
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  Cognitive performance has been extensively investigated in relation to insomnia, yet review of the literature reveals discrepant findings. The current study aimed to synthesize this literature with a systematic review and meta-analysis. 48 studies (k = 50 independent samples, n = 4539 total participants) met inclusion criteria. Omnibus meta-analysis revealed insomnia was associated with poorer overall cognitive performance (Hedge's g = -0.24, p 
• Bedford, L. A., Dietch, J. R., Taylor, D. J., Boals, A., & Zayfert, C. (2018). Computer-Guided Problem-Solving Treatment for Depression, PTSD, and Insomnia Symptoms in Student Veterans: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior therapy, 49(5), 756-767.
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  Depression is a highly prevalent psychological disorder experienced disproportionately by college student military veterans with many deleterious effects including risk for suicide. Treatment can help, but the debilitating nature of depression often makes seeking in-person treatment difficult and many are deterred by stigma, inconvenience, concerns about privacy, or a preference to manage problems themselves. The current study examines the efficacy of a computer-guided Problem-Solving Treatment (ePST) for reducing symptoms of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and insomnia in student military veterans. Twenty-four student veterans (Mean = 32.7) with symptoms of depression were randomly assigned either to a treatment group receiving six weekly sessions of ePST or to a minimal contact control group (MCC). Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression scale at baseline and then weekly through post-ePST or post-MCC. PTSD and insomnia questionnaires were also completed at baseline and posttreatment. A linear mixed model regression showed a statistically significant Group (ePST vs. MCC) × Time (pretreatment through posttreatment) interaction for depression, with the ePST showing substantial improvements in depressive symptoms over the 6-week period. Significant improvements were also seen in PTSD and insomnia symptoms. Results suggest that ePST can effectively treat depression, PTSD, and insomnia symptoms in student military veterans and may be a viable alternative for those who are not able to access live therapy. Future work should examine the durability of treatment effects and utility for more severe depression and suicide prevention.
• Contractor, A. A., Brown, L. A., Caldas, S. V., Banducci, A. N., Taylor, D. J., Armour, C., & Shea, M. T. (2018). Posttraumatic stress disorder and positive memories: Clinical considerations. Journal of anxiety disorders, 58, 23-32.
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  Encoding and retrieval difficulties, and avoidance of both traumatic and positive memories, are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, most PTSD research and clinical work has solely examined the role of traumatic memories in the maintenance/resolution of PTSD symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the literature on positive memories and PTSD. First, we review theories and evidence on the relations between trauma, PTSD, and memory processes (particularly positive memories). Next, we propose a conceptual model that integrates evidence from experimental and positive/memory-based intervention research and highlights hypothesized mechanisms underlying the potential effectiveness of targeting positive memories in PTSD interventions. Specifically, we discuss how targeting positive memories could (1) increase positive affect and reduce negative affect, (2) correct negative cognitions, (3) increase specificity of retrieving autobiographical memories, and (4) be effectively integrated/sequenced with and enhance the effects of trauma-focused interventions. Lastly, we suggest clinical research avenues for investigating the relations between positive memories and PTSD, to possibly alter the current PTSD intervention paradigm focused only on traumatic memories. Overall, our proposed model drawing from experimental and intervention research, and outlining potential effects of targeting positive memories to reduce PTSD severity, needs further empirical investigation.
• Molzof, H. E., Emert, S. E., Tutek, J., Mulla, M. M., Lichstein, K. L., Taylor, D. J., & Riedel, B. W. (2018). Intraindividual sleep variability and its association with insomnia identity and poor sleep. Sleep medicine, 52, 58-66.
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  Insomnia identity refers to the conviction that one has insomnia, which can occur independently of poor sleep. Night-to-night variability in sleep (termed intraindividual variability [IIV]) may contribute to insomnia identity yet remain undetected via conventional mean analyses. This study compared sleep IIV across four subgroups: noncomplaining good sleepers (NG), complaining poor sleepers (CP), complaining good sleepers (CG), and noncomplaining poor sleepers (NP).
• Slavish, D. C., Graham-Engeland, J. E., Engeland, C. G., Taylor, D. J., & Buxton, O. M. (2018). Insomnia symptoms are associated with elevated C-reactive protein in young adults. Psychology & health, 33(11), 1396-1415.
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  Insomnia is associated with elevated inflammation; however, studies have not investigated if this relationship is confounded with depression and neuroticism, which are associated with insomnia and inflammation. The current study examined the association of insomnia symptoms with C-reactive protein (CRP) and with interleukin-6 (IL-6), independently and after controlling for depressive symptoms and neuroticism.
• Taylor, D. (2018). Impact of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia disorder on sleep and comorbid symptoms in military personnel: a randomized clinical trial. Sleep.
• Taylor, D. (2018). Integration of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration.
• Taylor, D. (2018). Intraindividual sleep variability and its association with insomnia identity and poor sleep. Sleep Medicine.
• Taylor, D. J., Peterson, A. L., Pruiksma, K. E., Hale, W. J., Young-McCaughan, S., Wilkerson, A., Nicholson, K., Litz, B. T., Dondanville, K. A., Roache, J. D., Borah, E. V., Brundige, A., Mintz, J., & , S. S. (2018). Impact of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia disorder on sleep and comorbid symptoms in military personnel: a randomized clinical trial. Sleep, 41(6).
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  To compare the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) disorder and a Control condition on reducing insomnia and comorbid symptoms in a sample of active duty military personnel.
• Taylor, D. J., Wilkerson, A. K., Pruiksma, K. E., Williams, J. M., Ruggero, C. J., Hale, W., Mintz, J., Organek, K. M., Nicholson, K. L., Litz, B. T., Young-McCaughan, S., Dondanville, K. A., Borah, E. V., Brundige, A., Peterson, A. L., & , S. S. (2018). Reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Sleep Disorders Module. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 14(3), 459-464.
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  To develop and demonstrate interrater reliability for a Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Sleep Disorders (SCISD).
• Williams, J. M., Taylor, D. J., Slavish, D. C., Gardner, C. E., Zimmerman, M. R., Patel, K., Reichenberger, D. A., Francetich, J. M., Dietch, J. R., & Estevez, R. (2018). Validity of Actigraphy in Young Adults With Insomnia. Behavioral sleep medicine, 18(1), 91-106.
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  : Actigraphy is an inexpensive and objective wrist-worn activity sensor that has been validated for the measurement of sleep onset latency (SOL), number of awakenings (NWAK), wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), and sleep efficiency (SE) in both middle-aged and older adults with insomnia. However, actigraphy has not been evaluated in young adults. In addition, most previous studies compared actigraphy to in-lab polysomnography (PSG), but none have compared actigraphy to more ecologically valid ambulatory polysomnography.: 21 young adults (mean age = 19.90 ± 2.19 years;  = 13 women) determined to have chronic primary insomnia through structured clinical interviews.: Sleep diaries, actigraphy, and ambulatory PSG data were obtained over a single night to obtain measures of SOL, NWAK, WASO, time spent in bed after final awakening in the morning (TWAK), TST, and SE.: Actigraphy was a valid estimate of SOL, WASO, TST, and SE, based on significant correlations ( = 0.45 to 0.87), nonsignificant mean differences between actigraphy and PSG, and inspection of actigraphy bias from Bland Altman plots (SOL α = 1.52, WASO α = 7.95, TST α = -8.60, SE α = -1.38).: Actigraphy was a valid objective measure of SOL, WASO, TST, and SE in a young adult insomnia sample, as compared to ambulatory PSG. Actigraphy may be a valid alternative for assessing sleep in young adults with insomnia when more costly PSG measures are not feasible.
• Dietch, J. R., Taylor, D. J., Smyth, J. M., Ahn, C., Smith, T. W., Uchino, B. N., Allison, M., & Ruiz, J. M. (2017). Gender and racial/ethnic differences in sleep duration in the North Texas heart study. Sleep health, 3(5), 324-327.
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  Short sleep duration has been linked with a wide array of poor mental and physical health outcomes. Such risks, however, may be moderated by demographic factors such as gender and race/ethnicity. In a diverse community sample, the current study examined the relationship between gender, race/ethnicity and objectively measured sleep duration, controlling for select potential confounds.
• Johnson, J. S., Taylor, D. J., Green, A. R., & Gaskill, B. N. (2017). Effects of Nesting Material on Energy Homeostasis in BALB/cAnNCrl, C57BL/6NCrl, and Crl:CD1(ICR) Mice Housed at 20 °C. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS, 56(3), 254-259.
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  Discrepancies exist between the preferred temperature range for mice (26 to 32 °C) and current recommendations (20 to 26 °C), which may alter metabolism and negatively affect studies using mice. Previous research indicates that nesting material can alleviate cold stress in mice; therefore, we sought to determine the effects of the amount of nesting material provided (0, 6, or 12 g) on heat energy loss and energy balance in 3 mouse strains housed at currently recommended temperatures during the daytime, a period of presumed inactivity. Groups of BALB/cAnNCrl, C57BL/6NCrl, and Crl:CD1(ICR) mice, balanced by strain and sex, were group-housed and provided 0, 6, or 12 g of nesting material. After a 3-d acclimation period, body weight was determined daily at 0800, food intake was determined at 0800 and 2000, and total heat production was evaluated from 0800 to 2000 on 4 consecutive days and used to calculate energy balance and the respiratory quotient. Although the amount of nesting material had no overall effect on food intake or heat production, mice provided 12 g of nesting material had greater weight gain than those given 0 or 6 g. This increase in body weight might have been due to improved energy balance, which was corroborated by an increased respiratory quotient in mice provided 12 g of nesting material. In summary, although heat production did not differ, providing 12 g of nesting material improved energy balance, likely leading to an increase in body weight during the 0800-2000 testing period.
• Ruiz, J. M., Taylor, D. J., Uchino, B. N., Smith, T. W., Allison, M., Ahn, C., Johnson, J. J., & Smyth, J. M. (2017). Evaluating the longitudinal risk of social vigilance on atherosclerosis: study protocol for the North Texas Heart Study. BMJ open, 7(8), e017345.
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  Psychosocial factors are increasingly recognised as important determinants of cardiovascular disease risk. The North Texas Heart Study aims to understand the mechanisms responsible for this association with a focus on social vigilance (ie, scanning the environment for social threats). There is also growing interest in supplementing traditional methods (eg, survey assessment of psychosocial risk paired with cross-sectional and longitudinal health outcomes) with daily or repeated momentary assessment of psychosocial factors. However, there are relatively few longitudinal studies directly comparing these approaches with hard endpoints.
• Taylor, D. (2017). Caffeine Use in Military Personnel With PTSD: Prevalence and Impact on Sleep. Behavioral sleep medicine.
• Taylor, D. (2017). Evaluating the longitudinal risk of social vigilance on atherosclerosis: study protocol for the North Texas Heart Study. BMJ open.
• Taylor, D. (2017). Is Insomnia a Risk Factor for Decreased Influenza Vaccine Response?. Behavioral sleep medicine.
• Taylor, D. J., Kelly, K., Kohut, M. L., & Song, K. S. (2017). Is Insomnia a Risk Factor for Decreased Influenza Vaccine Response?. Behavioral sleep medicine, 15(4), 270-287.
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  Healthy young adult college students (N = 133) with Insomnia (n = 65) or No Insomnia (n = 68) were compared on influenza serum antibody levels pre- and four weeks postvaccination. Volunteers underwent structured clinical interviews for sleep disorders to ensure insomnia diagnoses, as well as psychiatric interviews, physical examinations, and drug testing to ensure comorbid health problems were not potential confounds. There were significant time (both groups had increases in antibody levels pre- to postvaccination) and group (Insomnia group had lower HI antibody levels overall) main effects, but the time × group interaction was nonsignificant. Exploratory analyses did find significant PSQI x Time (p < .001) and Insomnia Status × Time (p = .002) interaction effects. Results indicate insomnia may be a risk factor for lowered immunity to the influenza virus.
• Taylor, D. J., Peterson, A. L., Pruiksma, K. E., Young-McCaughan, S., Nicholson, K., Mintz, J., & , S. S. (2017). Internet and In-Person Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Military Personnel: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Sleep, 40(6).
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  Compare in-person and unguided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) with a minimal contact control condition in military personnel.
• Dietch, J. R., Taylor, D. J., Sethi, K., Kelly, K., Bramoweth, A. D., & Roane, B. M. (2016). Psychometric Evaluation of the PSQI in U.S. College Students. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 12(8), 1121-9.
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  Examine the psychometric properties of the PSQI in two U.S. college samples.
• Pruiksma, K. E., Taylor, D. J., Wachen, J. S., Mintz, J., Young-McCaughan, S., Peterson, A. L., Yarvis, J. S., Borah, E. V., Dondanville, K. A., Litz, B. T., Hembree, E. A., & Resick, P. A. (2016). Residual sleep disturbances following PTSD treatment in active duty military personnel. Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy, 8(6), 697-701.
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  Sleep disturbances, including nightmares and insomnia, are frequently reported symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Insomnia is one of the most common symptoms to persist after evidence-based PTSD treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of sleep disturbances in a sample of active duty military personnel before and after receiving therapy for PTSD in a clinical trial and to explore the associations of insomnia and nightmares with PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
• Taylor, D. (2016). Prevalence, correlates, and predictors of insomnia in the US Army prior to deployment. Sleep.
• Taylor, D. J., Pruiksma, K. E., Hale, W. J., Kelly, K., Maurer, D., Peterson, A. L., Mintz, J., Litz, B. T., Williamson, D. E., & , S. S. (2016). Prevalence, Correlates, and Predictors of Insomnia in the US Army prior to Deployment. Sleep, 39(10), 1795-1806.
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  To determine the prevalence, correlates, and predictors of insomnia in US Army personnel prior to deployment.
• Uchino, B. N., Ruiz, J. M., Smith, T. W., Smyth, J. M., Taylor, D. J., Allison, M., & Ahn, C. (2016). Ethnic/racial differences in the association between social support and levels of C-reactive proteins in the North Texas Heart Study. Psychophysiology, 53(1), 64-70.
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  Perceived social support has been reliably related to lower rates of morbidity and mortality. However, studies modeling C-reactive protein (CRP) as an important biological pathway linking social support to health have produced inconsistent results. Given purported ethnic/racial differences in sensitivity to social resources, the present study tested if ethnicity/race moderated the link between perceived support and CRP in a diverse community sample of 300 participants from the North Texas Heart Study. Consistent with prior research, there was no overall link between social support and CRP levels. However, the association between social support and high sensitivity (hs)-CRP levels was moderated by ethnicity/race as perceived support predicted lower hs-CRP levels primarily in African Americans. These results suggest the importance of considering how ethnicity/race may inform models on the complex biological mechanisms linking social support to health.
• Woosley, J. A., Lichstein, K. L., Taylor, D. J., Riedel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2016). Insomnia Complaint Versus Sleep Diary Parameters: Predictions of Suicidal Ideation. Suicide & life-threatening behavior, 46(1), 88-95.
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  The purpose of this study was to determine which aspects of insomnia best predict suicidal ideation (SI). Participants were grouped according to whether they complained of insomnia and whether their sleep would be characterized as poor or good by applying quantitative criteria for insomnia to their sleep diary data. Analyses revealed that insomnia complaint was more strongly associated with SI than was poor sleep. These findings suggest that patients who complain of insomnia, regardless of the presence or absence of poor sleep, may be at greater risk for suicide than those who are content with their sleep.
• Ancoli-Israel, S., Martin, J. L., Blackwell, T., Buenaver, L., Liu, L., Meltzer, L. J., Sadeh, A., Spira, A. P., & Taylor, D. J. (2015). The SBSM Guide to Actigraphy Monitoring: Clinical and Research Applications. Behavioral sleep medicine, 13 Suppl 1, S4-S38.
• Dillon, H. R., Lichstein, K. L., Dautovich, N. D., Taylor, D. J., Riedel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2015). Variability in self-reported normal sleep across the adult age span. The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 70(1), 46-56.
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  Illustrate the importance of examining within- and between-person differences in sleep across the adult age span.
• Marczyk Organek, K. D., Taylor, D. J., Petrie, T., Martin, S., Greenleaf, C., Dietch, J. R., & Ruiz, J. M. (2015). Adolescent sleep disparities: sex and racial/ethnic differences. Sleep health, 1(1), 36-39.
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  During adolescence, significant changes occur in sleep (eg, decreased sleep duration and increased sleep problems). To date, few studies have examined whether self-reported sleep duration differences exist between races/ethnicities in early adolescence (ages 11-14 years).
• Taylor, D. (2015). The SBSM guide to actigraphy monitoring: clinical and research applications. Behavioral sleep medicine.
• Taylor, D. (2015). The strength of family ties: perceptions of network relationship quality and levels of C-reactive proteins in the North Texas heart study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine.
• Uchino, B. N., Ruiz, J. M., Smith, T. W., Smyth, J. M., Taylor, D. J., Allison, M., & Ahn, C. (2015). The Strength of Family Ties: Perceptions of Network Relationship Quality and Levels of C-Reactive Proteins in the North Texas Heart Study. Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 49(5), 776-81.
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  Although the quality of one's social relationships has been linked to important physical health outcomes, less work has been conducted examining family and friends that differ in their underlying positivity and negativity.
• Gellis, L. A., Park, A., Stotsky, M. T., & Taylor, D. J. (2014). Associations between sleep hygiene and insomnia severity in college students: cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Behavior therapy, 45(6), 806-16.
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  Although a small number of studies characterized cross-sectional associations between sleep hygiene and insomnia severity, no prior study has examined their relationships prospectively. Further, the relationship between sleep hygiene and insomnia severity among college students has rarely been examined. This study examined the prevalence of diverse sleep hygiene behaviors and their associations with insomnia severity in two independent samples of college students from a cross-sectional (N=548; mean age=19; 59% female; 71% White) and a two-wave short-term prospective (N=157; mean age=19; 71% female; 76% White) study. A total of 12% to 13% of students reported clinically significant insomnia. On average, students reported frequent engagement in inconsistent sleep-wake schedules and lounging and worrying/thinking about important matters in the bed. Improper sleep scheduling, behaviors that promote arousal near bedtime, and uncomfortable sleeping environments were positively associated with cross-sectional insomnia severity. After controlling for other well-established risk factors, only improper sleep scheduling remained significant. Prospectively, baseline improper sleep scheduling predicted insomnia severity at a 2-month follow-up after controlling for baseline insomnia severity and other well-established risk factors. Together, findings suggest a potential unique role of improper sleep scheduling in insomnia among college students.
• Pruiksma, K. E., Taylor, D. J., Ruggero, C., Boals, A., Davis, J. L., Cranston, C., DeViva, J. C., & Zayfert, C. (2014). A psychometric study of the Fear of Sleep Inventory-Short Form (FoSI-SF). Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 10(5), 551-8.
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  Fear of sleep may play a significant role in sleep disturbances in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This report describes a psychometric study of the Fear of Sleep Inventory (FoSI), which was developed to measure this construct.
• Taylor, D. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia on sleep and daytime functioning in college students. Behavior therapy.
• Taylor, D. (2014). Cognitive and behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in psychiatric populations: a systematic review. International review of psychiatry.
• Taylor, D. (2014). Epidemiology of bedtime, arising time, and time in bed: analysis of age, gender, and ethnicity. Behavioral sleep medicine.
• Taylor, D. J., & Bryson, J. J. (2014). Replicators, lineages, and interactors. The Behavioral and brain sciences, 37(3), 276-7.
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  The target article argues that whole groups can act as interactors in an evolutionary process. We believe that Smaldino's discussion would be advanced by a more thorough analysis of the appropriate replicators and lineages for this model. We show that cultural evolution is necessarily a separate process from cultural group selection, and we also illustrate that the two processes may influence each other as demonstrated by an agent-based model of communicating food-processing skills.
• Taylor, D. J., & Pruiksma, K. E. (2014). Cognitive and behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in psychiatric populations: a systematic review. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 26(2), 205-13.
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  Insomnia is highly co-morbid with psychiatric disorders, making it a frequent issue in treatment planning in psychiatric clinics. Research has also shown that although insomnia may originally precede or be a consequence of a psychiatric disorder, insomnia likely becomes semi-independent, and may exacerbate those disorders if it is not addressed, leading to reduced treatment response. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is now recommended as the first line of treatment of primary insomnia. The research reviewed below indicates that CBT-I in patients with co-morbid depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse disorders is generally effective for insomnia and sometimes the co-morbid disorder as well. Although more research is needed before definitive recommendations can be made, it appears as though CBT-I is a viable approach to treating the patient with co-morbid insomnia and psychiatric disorders.
• Taylor, D. J., Zimmerman, M. R., Gardner, C. E., Williams, J. M., Grieser, E. A., Tatum, J. I., Bramoweth, A. D., Francetich, J. M., & Ruggero, C. (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia on sleep and daytime functioning in college students. Behavior therapy, 45(3), 376-89.
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  The purpose of this study was to pilot test if cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an effective intervention for insomnia and daytime functioning in college students. College students' developmental stage and lifestyle are significantly different than the general adult population, yet there have been no studies of CBT-I in this age group. Thirty-four college students (ages 18-27; M=19.71, SD=2.10) were randomly assigned to and completed either six sessions of CBT-I or a 6-week wait list control (WLC). All participants completed 1-week sleep diaries and actigraphy, as well as sleep and daytime functioning questionnaires at baseline and posttreatment. The treatment group repeated all measures at 3-month follow-up. Students who received CBT-I showed greater baseline to posttreatment improvements in sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, number of awakenings, time awake after sleep onset, sleep quality, insomnia severity, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, general fatigue, and global sleep quality than the WLC group. These improvements were durable at 3-month follow-up. Ninety-four percent of participants in the CBT-I condition completed at least 4 sessions of treatment. Significantly more participants in the CBT-I group than the WLC group responded (68.8% vs 7.7%, respectively) and remitted (68.8% vs 15.4%, respectively). CBT-I is an effective treatment for insomnia in college students. This study found that treatment responses were similar to results from studies in the general population. The treatment appeared to be well tolerated based on very low attrition rates.
• Thomas, S. J., Lichstein, K. L., Taylor, D. J., Riedel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2014). Epidemiology of bedtime, arising time, and time in bed: analysis of age, gender, and ethnicity. Behavioral sleep medicine, 12(3), 169-82.
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  This study investigated the epidemiology of bedtime (BT), arising time (AT), and time in bed (TIB) as a function of age, gender, and ethnicity. Sleep diary data were analyzed for 746 randomly selected community participants. This sample was comprised of 364 men (48.8%) and 382 women (51.2%), 532 Caucasians (71.3%) and 214 African Americans (28.7%), and participant ages ranged from 20 to 98 years. Regression analyses showed a main effect of age on subjective BT, AT, and TIB. The addition of gender and ethnicity to the regression model added significant variance for TIB, but not BT or AT. In general, BT declined across the lifespan, but AT showed a quadratic pattern that peaked in young adulthood, was stable in the middle years, and peaked again in the later years. This age-related combination of BT and AT resulted in greater TIB for older adults than other age groups. Women spent significantly greater TIB than men, and African Americans spent significantly more TIB than Caucasians. These results suggest that there are distinct behavioral sleep patterns associated with age and, in the case of TIB, gender and ethnicity. These patterns may have significant clinical implications, particularly with respect to age.
• Woosley, J. A., Lichstein, K. L., Taylor, D. J., Riedel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2014). Hopelessness mediates the relation between insomnia and suicidal ideation. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 10(11), 1223-30.
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  A growing body of literature indicates that insomnia is related to suicidality. However, the mechanism through which insomnia correlates with suicide risk is unclear. The goal of the present research was to determine whether hopelessness, a robust predictor of suicidality, mediates the relation between insomnia and suicidal ideation (SI).
• Coe, J. P., Taylor, D. J., & Paterson, M. J. (2013). Monte Carlo configuration interaction applied to multipole moments, ionisation energies and electron affinities. Journal of computational chemistry, 34(13), 1083-93.
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  The method of Monte Carlo configuration interaction (MCCI) (Greer, J. Chem. Phys. 1995a, 103, 1821; Tong, Nolan, Cheng, and Greer, Comp. Phys. Comm. 2000, 142, 132) is applied to the calculation of multipole moments. We look at the ground and excited state dipole moments in carbon monoxide. We then consider the dipole of NO, the quadrupole of N2 and of BH. An octupole of methane is also calculated. We consider experimental geometries and also stretched bonds. We show that these nonvariational quantities may be found to relatively good accuracy when compared with full configuration interaction results, yet using only a small fraction of the full configuration interaction space. MCCI results in the aug-cc-pVDZ basis are seen to generally have reasonably good agreement with experiment. We also investigate the performance of MCCI when applied to ionisation energies and electron affinities of atoms in an aug-cc-pVQZ basis. We compare the MCCI results with full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo (Booth and Alavi, J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 132, 174104; Cleland, Booth, and Alavi, J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 134, 024112) and "exact" nonrelativistic results (Booth and Alavi, J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 132, 174104; Cleland, Booth, and Alavi, J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 134, 024112). We show that MCCI could be a useful alternative for the calculation of atomic ionisation energies however electron affinities appear much more challenging for MCCI. Due to the small magnitude of the electron affinities their percentage errors can be high, but with regards to absolute errors MCCI performs similarly for ionisation energies and electron affinities.
• Taylor, D. (2013). Collecting health-related data on the smart phone: mental models, cost of collection, and perceived benefit of feedback. Personal and ubiquitous computing.
• Taylor, D. (2013). Epidemiology of insomnia in college students: relationship with mental health, quality of life, and substance use difficulties. Behavior therapy.
• Taylor, D. (2013). Understanding patient responses to insomnia. Behavioral sleep medicine.
• Taylor, D. J., Bramoweth, A. D., Grieser, E. A., Tatum, J. I., & Roane, B. M. (2013). Epidemiology of insomnia in college students: relationship with mental health, quality of life, and substance use difficulties. Behavior therapy, 44(3), 339-48.
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  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and correlates of insomnia using rigorous diagnostic criteria and a comprehensive assessment battery. In a large sample (N=1,074) of college students (mean age 20.39years), participants were asked to complete a week-long sleep diary and comprehensive questionnaire packet assessing recommended daytime functioning domains (i.e., fatigue, quality of life, depression, anxiety, stress, academic performance, substance use) during the academic year. A significant portion of this sample of college students met proposed DSM-5 criteria for chronic insomnia (9.5%). The chronic insomnia group reported significantly worse sleep, fatigue, depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life, and greater hypnotic and stimulant use for sleep problems. There were no differences between groups on excessive daytime sleepiness, academic performance, or substance use. This was a rigorous and comprehensive assessment of the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of insomnia. Insomnia is a significant problem in college students and should be regularly assessed. More research is also needed to guide treatment in this population.
• Taylor, D. J., Vatthauer, K. E., Bramoweth, A. D., Ruggero, C., & Roane, B. (2013). The role of sleep in predicting college academic performance: is it a unique predictor?. Behavioral sleep medicine, 11(3), 159-72.
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  Few studies have looked at the predictability of academic performance (i.e., cumulative grade point average [GPA]) using sleep when common nonsleep predictors of academic performance are included. This project studied psychological, demographic, educational, and sleep risk factors of decreased academic performance in college undergraduates. Participants (N = 867) completed a questionnaire packet and sleep diary. It was hypothesized that low total sleep time (TST), increased sleep onset latency, later bedtimes, later wake times, and TST inconsistency would predict decreased academic performance. The most significant predictors of academic performance were high school GPA, standardized test scores (i.e., SAT/ACT), TST, time awake before arising (TWAK), TST inconsistency, and the quadratic terms of perceived stress (PSS) and TST.
• Bramoweth, A. D., & Taylor, D. J. (2012). Chronic insomnia and health care utilization in young adults. Behavioral sleep medicine, 10(2), 106-21.
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  Chronic insomnia is prevalent, contributes a significant economic burden, and people with insomnia have increased health care utilization (HCU). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between chronic insomnia and HCU in a population with fewer medical/mental health problems, using current operational definitions of chronic insomnia and multiple measures of HCU. Participants with chronic insomnia had greater HCU than normal sleepers. Participants with chronic insomnia plus a comorbid condition had greater HCU than normal sleepers with a medical/mental health problem and participants with only chronic insomnia. The relationship between chronic insomnia and HCU was moderated by comorbid medical/mental health problems. Early identification and intervention of chronic insomnia may help reduce HCU and costs associated with chronic insomnia.
• Coe, J. P., Taylor, D. J., & Paterson, M. J. (2012). Calculations of potential energy surfaces using Monte Carlo configuration interaction. The Journal of chemical physics, 137(19), 194111.
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  We apply the method of Monte Carlo configuration interaction (MCCI) to calculate ground-state potential energy curves for a range of small molecules and compare the results with full configuration interaction. We show that the MCCI potential energy curve can be calculated to relatively good accuracy, as quantified using the non-parallelity error, using only a very small fraction of the full configuration interaction space. In most cases the potential curve is of better accuracy than its constituent single-point energies. We finally test the MCCI program on systems with basis sets beyond full configuration interaction: a lattice of 50 hydrogen atoms and ethylene. The results for ethylene agree fairly well with other computational work while for the lattice of 50 hydrogens we find that the fraction of the full configuration interaction space we were able to consider appears to be too small as, although some qualitative features are reproduced, the potential curve is less accurate.
• Powers, S. T., Taylor, D. J., & Bryson, J. J. (2012). Punishment can promote defection in group-structured populations. Journal of theoretical biology, 311, 107-16.
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  Pro-social punishment, whereby cooperators punish defectors, is often suggested as a mechanism that maintains cooperation in large human groups. Importantly, models that support this idea have to date only allowed defectors to be the target of punishment. However, recent empirical work has demonstrated the existence of anti-social punishment in public goods games. That is, individuals that defect have been found to also punish cooperators. Some recent theoretical studies have found that such anti-social punishment can prevent the evolution of pro-social punishment and cooperation. However, the evolution of anti-social punishment in group-structured populations has not been formally addressed. Previous work has informally argued that group-structure must favour pro-social punishment. Here we formally investigate how two demographic factors, group size and dispersal frequency, affect selection pressures on pro- and anti-social punishment. Contrary to the suggestions of previous work, we find that anti-social punishment can prevent the evolution of pro-social punishment and cooperation under a range of group structures. Given that anti-social punishment has now been found in all studied extant human cultures, the claims of previous models showing the co-evolution of pro-social punishment and cooperation in group-structured populations should be re-evaluated.
• Taylor, D. (2012). Altering unhelpful beliefs about sleep with behavioral and cognitive therapies. Cognitive therapy and research.
• Taylor, D. (2012). Chronic insomnia and health care utilization in young adults. Behavioral sleep medicine.
• Taylor, D. (2012). Predictors of perceived sleep quality among men and women with insomnia. Behavioral sleep medicine.
• Taylor, D. (2012). Sharpening our Understanding of the Consequences of Insomnia: The Relationship Between Insomnia and Everyday Cognitive Failures. Cognitive Therapy and Research.
• Taylor, D. (2012). The role of sleep and attention in the etiology and maintenance of fibromyalgia. Cognitive therapy and research.
• Woosley, J. A., Lichstein, K. L., Taylor, D. J., Riedel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2012). Predictors of perceived sleep quality among men and women with insomnia. Behavioral sleep medicine, 10(3), 191-201.
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  The present study determined which self-reported sleep variables and daytime impairment measures are most closely associated with sleep quality ratings (SQR) in men and women with insomnia. The participants were 137 people with insomnia, 56 men and 81 women. Multiple regression found that for men, sleep efficiency best predicted SQR, explaining 26.9% of variance. A similar analysis was conducted for women. After race was entered as a covariate, number of awakenings and total sleep time were significant predictors of SQR. Collectively, race, number of awakenings, and total sleep time explained 35.7% of variance. This suggests that the middle-of-the-night experience predicts sleep quality rating in women with insomnia, whereas the full night experience predicts sleep quality ratings in men with insomnia.
• Kloss, J. D., Nash, C. O., Horsey, S. E., & Taylor, D. J. (2011). The delivery of behavioral sleep medicine to college students. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 48(6), 553-61.
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  College students are vulnerable to a variety of sleep disorders, which can result in sleep deprivation and a variety of other consequences. The delivery of behavioral sleep medicine is particularly relevant for the college student population, as the early intervention on their sleep problems might prevent lifelong consequences. This article critically reviews the efficacy of relevant behavioral sleep medicine interventions and discusses special considerations for using them with college students who have unique sleep patterns and lifestyles. Recommendations are also given regarding ways to disseminate these empirically supported treatments into this environment. Finally, recommendations regarding future research directions are discussed in the present study.
• McCrae, C. S., Perlis, M. L., Smith, M. T., & Taylor, D. J. (2011). Editorial: Society of behavioral sleep medicine (SBSM) announces the adoption of Behavioral Sleep Medicine (BSM) as the society's official journal. Behavioral sleep medicine, 9(1), 1-3.
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  Since its birth in the 1930s with the development of the bell and pad treatment for nocturnal enuresis, behavioral sleep medicine (BSM) has expanded to include interventions targeting a variety of sleep disorders. During its early development, BSM lacked a focused, professional identity as researchers and clinicians published in a variety of journals and joined a variety of professional organizations. Recently, a more focused identity has emerged with the establishment of a dedicated journal, Behavioral Sleep Medicine (BSM, in 2003), and a professional society (in 2010), Society of Behavioral Sleep Medicine (SBSM). In this editorial, the SBSM announces the adoption of BSM as its official journal. This represents an important next step in BSM's development, allowing for increased coordination between BSM's intellectual and professional homes.
• Taylor, D. (2011). Circadian phase preference in college students: relationships with psychological functioning and academics. Chronobiology international.
• Taylor, D. (2011). Insomnia and mental health in college students. Behavioral Sleep Medicine.
• Taylor, D. (2011). The delivery of behavioral sleep medicine to college students. Journal of Adolescent Health.
• Taylor, D. J., Clay, K. C., Bramoweth, A. D., Sethi, K., & Roane, B. M. (2011). Circadian phase preference in college students: relationships with psychological functioning and academics. Chronobiology international, 28(6), 541-7.
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  The current study offers a comprehensive assessment of psychosocial functioning and academic performance in relation to circadian phase preference in a US sample of undergraduate college students (N = 838), aged 17-26 (M = 19.78, SD = 1.89). Women had greater morning preference than men, and seniors had greater morning preference than freshmen. Circadian phase preference, fatigue, perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and substance use were assessed cross-sectionally and grade point average (GPA) was assessed prospectively. Evening phase preference was related to higher levels of fatigue, alcohol and caffeine use, and worse academic performance than morning or intermediate phase preferences.
• Taylor, D. J., Gardner, C. E., Bramoweth, A. D., Williams, J. M., Roane, B. M., Grieser, E. A., & Tatum, J. I. (2011). Insomnia and mental health in college students. Behavioral sleep medicine, 9(2), 107-16.
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  Insomnia is strongly associated with certain mental health problems in the general population. However, there is little research examining this relation in young adults-an age group where many mental health problems first present. This study examined relations between insomnia and mental health symptoms in a college population (N = 373; 60.9% women; mean age of 21 years). Insomnia was assessed via self-report and sleep diaries, and mental health was assessed via the Symptom Check List-90. Analyses revealed insomnia was prevalent (9.4%), and these young adults had significantly more mental health problems than those without insomnia, although some significant results were lost after controlling for comorbid health problems.
• Dolan, D. C., Taylor, D. J., Bramoweth, A. D., & Rosenthal, L. D. (2010). Cognitive-behavioral therapy of insomnia: a clinical case series study of patients with co-morbid disorders and using hypnotic medications. Behaviour research and therapy, 48(4), 321-7.
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  Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) has demonstrated considerable efficacy within randomized clinical trials and case-series designs. This case-series study in a community sleep medicine clinic assessed the effectiveness of an eight-session CBTi protocol chronic insomnia patients who were allowed to continue their use of hypnotics (intent-to-treat n = 48), administered by a clinical psychology doctoral student receiving training and supervision in CBTi by a behavioral sleep medicine certified clinician. Outcome measures included daily sleep diaries, self-report measures on insomnia severity, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, daytime sleepiness, as well as medication usage. Patients showed significant improvements in sleep onset latency, wake time after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, insomnia severity, and dysfunctional sleep beliefs from pre- to post-treatment. No changes were seen in daytime sleepiness - patients were not excessively sleepy either before or after treatment. Use of sleep medication declined significantly from 87.5% pre-treatment to 54% post-treatment, despite no active efforts to encourage patients to withdraw. Results demonstrate that a CBTi conducted in a community sleep medicine clinic with patients not required to discontinue sleep-related medications can have similar effects as therapy delivered among those not on medication.
• McCrae, C. S., Taylor, D. J., Smith, M. T., & Perlis, M. L. (2010). The future of behavioral sleep medicine: a report on the presentations given at the Ponte Vedra Behavioral Sleep Medicine Consensus Conference, March 27-29, 2009. Behavioral sleep medicine, 8(2), 74-89.
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  A major goal of the Behavioral Sleep Medicine Consensus Conference held in Ponte Vedra, Florida on March 27 through 29, 2009 was to have 15 key opinion leaders provide the latest information on their areas of expertise. Those leaders represented the breadth of the behavioral sleep medicine field (pediatrics, adults, insomnia, PAP adherence, and circadian rhythm disorders) and included clinicians and researchers from a variety of settings (academia, private practice, the military, and primary care). The presentations highlighted the milestones already achieved by the field (critical mass, solid empirical base, 30+ training programs, certification, dedicated journal, and dedicated textbook), as well as important future directions (more clinical research, public relations campaigns, training, and reimbursement).
• Taylor, D. (2010). Cognitive--behavioral therapy of insomnia: A clinical case series study of patients with co-morbid disorders and using hypnotic medications. Behaviour research and therapy.
• Taylor, D. (2010). Other nonpharmacological treatments of insomnia. Insomnia: Diagnosis and Treatment.
• Taylor, D. (2010). Patterns and consequences of inadequate sleep in college students: substance use and motor vehicle accidents. Journal of Adolescent Health.
• Taylor, D. (2010). Sleep restriction therapy and hypnotic withdrawal versus sleep hygiene education in hypnotic using patients with insomnia. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.
• Taylor, D. (2010). The Future of Behavioral Sleep Medicine: A Report on Consensus Votes at the Ponte Vedra Behavioral Sleep Medicine Consensus Conference, March 27--29, 2009. Behavioral sleep medicine.
• Taylor, D. (2010). Which depressive symptoms remain after response to cognitive therapy of depression and predict relapse and recurrence?. Journal of Affective Disorders.
• Taylor, D. J., & Bramoweth, A. D. (2010). Patterns and consequences of inadequate sleep in college students: substance use and motor vehicle accidents. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 46(6), 610-2.
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  We examined college sleep patterns and consequences using a cross-sectional design. We found that students get insufficient sleep and frequently use medication and alcohol as sleep aids, use stimulants as alertness aids, and fall asleep at the wheel, or have motor vehicle accidents due to sleepiness. Future studies should focus on effective interventions for sleep in college students.
• Taylor, D. J., & Paterson, M. J. (2010). Calculations of the low-lying excited states of the TiO(2) molecule. The Journal of chemical physics, 133(20), 204302.
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  We present calculations of the lowest excited electronic states of the TiO(2) molecule. These are computed using several correlated wavefunction response based methods, as well as time-dependent density functional response theory using a range of functionals. Surprisingly lower cost wavefunction based methods, in particular the second-order CC2 and CIS(D) methods, completely fail to describe the lowest (1)B(2) and (1)A(2) states of the molecule. Density functional methods fare better but still show considerable variation amongst functionals. Thus TiO(2) provides a strenuous test for correlated excited state methods.
• Taylor, D. J., & Roane, B. M. (2010). Treatment of insomnia in adults and children: a practice-friendly review of research. Journal of clinical psychology, 66(11), 1137-47.
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  Chronic insomnia affects nearly 16% of adults and up to 25% of children. Many clinicians are unfamiliar with the research and practice of psychological treatments of insomnia and thus do not use them with their patients. The primary goals of this article were to (a) review the research support for psychological treatments of adult and child insomnia, and (b) describe those treatments with the highest level of research support in enough detail to allow practitioners to begin to utilize them with their own patients. The adult psychological treatments with the best research support are stimulus control, progressive muscle relaxation, and multimodal cognitive-behavioral therapy, followed by multimodal behavioral therapy, sleep restriction, biofeedback, and paradoxical intention. The child psychological treatments with the highest level of research support are preventive parent education, unmodified extinction, and extinction with parental presence, followed by graduated extinction, bedtime fading/positive routines, and scheduled awakenings.
• Taylor, D. J., Perlis, M. L., McCrae, C. S., & Smith, M. T. (2010). The future of behavioral sleep medicine: a report on consensus votes at the Ponte Vedra Behavioral Sleep Medicine Consensus Conference, March 27-29, 2009. Behavioral sleep medicine, 8(2), 63-73.
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  On March 27 through 29, 2009 a consensus conference was held to address a series of issues and propositions related to clinical practice, research, and education in behavioral sleep medicine (BSM). The conference, held in in Ponte Vedra, Florida, included presentations given by key opinion leaders regarding the past and future of BSM, discussion panels and work groups, and anonymous voting on a slate of propositions. There was broad consensus that certification in sleep medicine (i.e., American Board of Sleep Medicine or American Board of Medical Specialties) does not confer automatic expertise in BSM; clinicians without certification in BSM (CBSM) should not be able to supervise BSM cases to fulfill CBSM eligibility requirements; psychologists should pursue independent board certification in BSM by the American Board of Professional Psychology; no program should receive an American Academy of Sleep Medicine "Academic Program of Distinction" designation, unless they have a CBSM professional on staff; sleep disorder center accreditation requirements should include the availability of BSM services from a CBSM provider; an annual or biannual BSM conference should be convened; an independent Society of Behavioral Sleep Medicine should be established; and the new society's journal should be Behavioral Sleep Medicine.
• Taylor, D. J., Schmidt-Nowara, W., Jessop, C. A., & Ahearn, J. (2010). Sleep restriction therapy and hypnotic withdrawal versus sleep hygiene education in hypnotic using patients with insomnia. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 6(2), 169-75.
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  Insomnia is a common problem that affects 9% to 15% of the population chronically. The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate that 8 weekly sessions of sleep restriction therapy of insomnia combined with hypnotic reduction instructions following a single session of sleep hygiene education would result in greater improvements in sleep and hypnotic use than sleep hygiene education alone.
• Taylor, D. J., Walters, H. M., Vittengl, J. R., Krebaum, S., & Jarrett, R. B. (2010). Which depressive symptoms remain after response to cognitive therapy of depression and predict relapse and recurrence?. Journal of affective disorders, 123(1-3), 181-7.
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  Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent, severely debilitating, and often recurrent. Greater residual depressive symptoms after acute phase treatment predict greater relapse and recurrence. It is unknown, however, which specific depressive symptoms remain and are most predictive.
• Ustinov, Y., Lichstein, K. L., Wal, G. S., Taylor, D. J., Riedel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2010). Association between report of insomnia and daytime functioning. Sleep medicine, 11(1), 65-8.
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  The relationship between reports of insomnia and daytime functioning was investigated using hierarchical regression. The presence or absence of a report of insomnia was the predictor of primary interest. A number of covariates were included in the model: demographic variables, health variables, and quantitative sleep parameters.
• Dolan, D. C., Taylor, D. J., Okonkwo, R., Becker, P. M., Jamieson, A. O., Schmidt-Nowara, W., & Rosenthal, L. D. (2009). The Time of Day Sleepiness Scale to assess differential levels of sleepiness across the day. Journal of psychosomatic research, 67(2), 127-33.
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  The study evaluated the Time of Day Sleepiness Scale (ToDSS) to determine subjective estimates of sleepiness in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Scores on the ToDSS were compared to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The ToDSS was evaluated on three cohorts of patients at a sleep medicine clinic.
• Taylor, D. (2009). The Time of Day Sleepiness Scale to assess differential levels of sleepiness across the day. Journal of psychosomatic research.
• McCrae, C. S., Wilson, N. M., Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H., Taylor, D. J., Riedel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2008). Self-reported sleep, demographics, health, and daytime functioning in young old and old old community-dwelling seniors. Behavioral sleep medicine, 6(2), 106-26.
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  Sleep, demographics, health, and daytime functioning were examined in young old (60-74 years; n = 175) and old old (75-98 years; n = 147) community-dwelling seniors. Sleep diaries (2 weeks), 6 daytime functioning measures, and a demographics-health questionnaire were collected. The old old reported worse sleep than the young old. Women reported worse sleep than men. Hierarchical regressions revealed demographic information alone was not sufficient for understanding sleep. Specifically, demographic information predicted sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency for both groups, but not number of awakenings or total nap time. Health and daytime functioning accounted for significant increases in the variance in sleep "over and above" that accounted for by demographics alone or demographics and health combined, respectively. All variables combined accounted for 15% to 30% of the variance in sleep. Because the importance of specific measures varied by group and sleep variable, research exploring the differential utility of specific measures for young old versus old old appears warranted.
• Roane, B. M., & Taylor, D. J. (2008). Adolescent insomnia as a risk factor for early adult depression and substance abuse. Sleep, 31(10), 1351-6.
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  To evaluate the association between adolescent insomnia and mental health during adolescence and young adulthood.
• Rosenthal, L. D., Dolan, D. C., Taylor, D. J., & Grieser, E. (2008). Long-term follow-up of patients with insomnia. Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center), 21(3), 264-5.
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  It has been suggested that patients with insomnia who are lost to follow-up continue to experience symptoms. From winter 2006 to spring 2007, we contacted consecutive patients initially seen at a multidisciplinary sleep medicine clinic 3 to 5 years earlier and asked them about continuing symptoms. Among the 58 patients who agreed to participate, 43 (74%) reported that they still experienced difficulty initiating and/or maintaining sleep. Thirty-one of those patients had continued to receive treatment, 11 from a sleep medicine specialist and the remainder from other physicians. The majority listed zolpidem or eszopiclone as their primary medication, and many took multiple medications, including over-the-counter drugs and alternative medications. Most patients with insomnia were unaware of cognitive-behavioral therapy. These findings emphasize the need for primary care physicians to monitor symptoms of insomnia and to remain vigilant about potential treatment complications.
• Stone, K. C., Taylor, D. J., McCrae, C. S., Kalsekar, A., & Lichstein, K. L. (2008). Nonrestorative sleep. Sleep medicine reviews, 12(4), 275-88.
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  The current review presents the empirical findings on varying definitions of nonrestorative sleep (NRS). Despite lacking a standard, operational definition, NRS is investigated in research studies and included in diagnostic manuals. However, because of the absence of standardization, the conclusions that can be drawn about NRS based on the current body of empirical literature are limited. A feeling of being unrefreshed upon awakening that is not accounted for by lack of sleep may occur among a substantial percentage of the population. This experience is correlated with daytime impairment, pain, fatigue, and electroencephalogram (EEG) arousals in non-REM sleep but causal links are unsubstantiated. An immediate converging of researchers toward NRS standardization is needed. We conclude that conceptualizing NRS as a primary symptom of insomnia on par with difficulty initiating sleep and difficulty maintaining sleep is empirically unsubstantiated. We recommend defining NRS as a report of persistently feeling unrefreshed upon awakening in the presence of a normal sleep duration, occurring in the absence of a sleep disorder.
• Taylor, D. (2008). Adolescent insomnia as a risk factor for early adult depression and substance abuse. Sleep.
• Taylor, D. (2008). Self-reported sleep, demographics, health, and daytime functioning in young old and old old community-dwelling seniors. Behavioral Sleep Medicine.
• Taylor, D. J. (2008). Expanding knowledge. Providing education to rehabilitation professionals. Rehab management, 21(5), 26, 28.
• Taylor, D. J. (2008). Insomnia and depression. Sleep, 31(4), 447-8.
• Lichstein, K. L., Payne, K. L., Soeffing, J. P., Heith Durrence, H., Taylor, D. J., Riedel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2007). Vitamins and sleep: an exploratory study. Sleep medicine, 9(1), 27-32.
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  We analyzed archival data from an epidemiology study to test the association between vitamin use and sleep.
• Taylor, D. (2007). A pilot study of cognitive-behavioral therapy of insomnia in people with mild depression. Behavior Therapy.
• Taylor, D. (2007). Comorbidity of chronic insomnia with medical problems. Sleep.
• Taylor, D. J., Lichstein, K. L., Weinstock, J., Sanford, S., & Temple, J. R. (2007). A pilot study of cognitive-behavioral therapy of insomnia in people with mild depression. Behavior therapy, 38(1), 49-57.
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  In some cases, insomnia and depression may have a reciprocal relationship, in which each aggravates and maintains the other. To test the hypothesis that reduction of insomnia would result in reduction of depression in patients (N=10) with both disorders, a repeated-measures design was used comparing depression and insomnia levels before and after 6 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy of insomnia. Posttreatment, 100% of completers (n=8) had a normalized sleeping pattern, and 87.5% had normalized depression scores. Significant posttreatment improvement was seen in sleep onset latency (-31 min), wake time after sleep onset (-24 min), total sleep time (+65 min), sleep efficiency (+14%), and sleep quality (+19%), which was maintained at 3-month follow-up. A decreasing trend occurred in depression scores from pre- to posttreatment, which reached significance at 3-month follow-up. Intent-to-treat analyses showed similar results.
• Taylor, D. J., Mallory, L. J., Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H., Riedel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2007). Comorbidity of chronic insomnia with medical problems. Sleep, 30(2), 213-8.
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  Determine the comorbidity of insomnia with medical problems.
• McCrae, C. S., Rowe, M. A., Dautovich, N. D., Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H., Riedel, B. W., Taylor, D. J., & Bush, A. J. (2006). Sleep hygiene practices in two community dwelling samples of older adults. Sleep, 29(12), 1551-60.
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  Common sleep hygiene practices were examined in 2 community-based samples of older adults to determine which practices differentiated 4 sleep subgroups: noncomplainers without insomnia symptoms, complainers without insomnia symptoms, noncomplainers with insomnia symptoms, and complainers with insomnia symptoms.
• Sanford, S. D., Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H., Riedel, B. W., Taylor, D. J., & Bush, A. J. (2006). The influence of age, gender, ethnicity, and insomnia on Epworth sleepiness scores: a normative US population. Sleep medicine, 7(4), 319-26.
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  This study explored the distribution of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores in a randomly sampled, community population and provided percentile scores that will assist in decision-making in both research and clinical settings.
• Taylor, D. (2006). The influence of age, gender, ethnicity, and insomnia on Epworth sleepiness scores: a normative US population. Sleep Medicine.
• Gellis, L. A., Lichstein, K. L., Scarinci, I. C., Durrence, H. H., Taylor, D. J., Bush, A. J., & Riedel, B. W. (2005). Socioeconomic status and insomnia. Journal of abnormal psychology, 114(1), 111-8.
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  This investigation compared the likelihood of insomnia and insomnia-related health consequences among individuals of different socioeconomic status. A random-digit dialing procedure was used to recruit at least 50 men and 50 women in each age decade from 20 to 80+ years old. Participants completed 2 weeks of sleep diaries as well as questionnaires related to fatigue, sleepiness, and psychological distress. Socioeconomic status was measured by education status assessed at 3 different levels: individual, household, and community. Results indicated that individuals of lower individual and household education were significantly more likely to experience insomnia even after researchers accounted for ethnicity, gender, and age. Additionally, individuals with fewer years of education, particularly those who had dropped out of high school, experienced greater subjective impairment because of their insomnia.
• Taylor, D. (2005). Epidemiology of insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Sleep.
• Taylor, D. (2005). Sleep tendency during extended wakefulness: insights into adolescent sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of sleep research.
• Taylor, D. (2005). Socioeconomic status and insomnia.. Journal of abnormal psychology.
• Taylor, D. J., Jenni, O. G., Acebo, C., & Carskadon, M. A. (2005). Sleep tendency during extended wakefulness: insights into adolescent sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of sleep research, 14(3), 239-44.
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  Sleep tendency (latency to sleep onset) was examined during extended waking in prepubertal and mature adolescents to determine whether sleep pressure is lower near bedtime in the latter group. Participants were nine prepubertal (pubertal stage Tanner 1, mean age 11.1 years, SD+/-1.3 years, five males) and 11 pubertally mature adolescents (Tanner 5, 13.9+/-1.2 years, three males). They spent 10 nights at home on an identical fixed 10-h sleep schedule followed by a 36-h constant routine with sleep latency tests at 2-h intervals using standard polysomnography. Saliva was collected to assess dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) phase. DLMO was earlier in the Tanner 1 (mean clock time=20:33 hours, SD=49 min) than Tanner 5 group (21:29 hours+/-42 min). Sleep latency compared at a 'critical period' spanning 12.5 (20:30 hours clock time) to 18.5 h (02:30 hours) after waking did not differ at 20:30 hours, but was shorter for the Tanner 1 group at 22:30 hours (Tanner 1=9.2+/-6.3 min; Tanner 5=15.7+/-5.8 min), 00:30 hours (Tanner 1=3.6+/-1.7 min; Tanner 5=9.0+/-6.4 min), and 02:30 hours (Tanner 1=2.0+/-1.7 min; Tanner 5=4.3+/-3.2 min; trend). These differences were apparent controlling for circadian phase by partial correlation. Sleep tendency after 14.5, 16.5, and 18.5 h awake was lower in mature versus prepubertal adolescents, supporting our hypothesis that a developmental change of intrinsic sleep-wake regulation may provide physiologically mediated 'permission' for later bedtimes in older adolescents.
• Taylor, D. J., Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H., Reidel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2005). Epidemiology of insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Sleep, 28(11), 1457-64.
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  This study used empirically validated insomnia diagnostic criteria to compare depression and anxiety in people with insomnia and people not having insomnia. We also explored which specific sleep variables were significantly related to depression and anxiety. Finally, we compared depression and anxiety in (1) different insomnia types, (2) Caucasians and African Americans, and (3) genders. All analyses controlled for health variables, demographics, organic sleep disorders, and symptoms of organic sleep disorders.
• Riedel, B. W., Durrence, H. H., Lichstein, K. L., Taylor, D. J., & Bush, A. J. (2004). The relation between smoking and sleep: the influence of smoking level, health, and psychological variables. Behavioral sleep medicine, 2(1), 63-78.
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  The relation between smoking and sleep was examined in a randomly selected sample of 769 individuals (379 men and 390 women, ages 20 to 98). Participants completed 2 weeks of sleep diaries, provided a global report on their sleep, indicated the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and supplied information on health, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and caffeine and alcohol use. After controlling for demographic, health, psychological, and behavioral variables, light smoking (< 15 cigarettes per day), but not heavier smoking, was associated with self-reported chronic insomnia and reduced sleep diary total sleep time and time in bed. Smokers did not differ significantly from nonsmokers on diary measures of sleep-onset latency, number of awakenings during the night, wake time after sleep onset, or sleep efficiency.
• Taylor, D. (2004). The relation between smoking and sleep: the influence of smoking level, health, and psychological variables. Behavioral sleep medicine.
• McCrae, C. S., Wilson, N. M., Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H., Taylor, D. J., Bush, A. J., & Riedel, B. W. (2003). 'Young old' and 'old old' poor sleepers with and without insomnia complaints. Journal of psychosomatic research, 54(1), 11-9.
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  Sleep, psychological adjustment, health and insomnia complaints were examined in 277 community-dwelling seniors in order to identify characteristics that distinguish poor sleepers with complaints (likely to seek treatment) and those without complaints (unlikely to seek treatment).
• Means, M. K., Lichstein, K. L., Edinger, J. D., Taylor, D. J., Durrence, H. H., Husain, A. M., Aguillard, R. N., & Radtke, R. A. (2003). Changes in depressive symptoms after continuous positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 7(1), 31-42.
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  It is generally believed that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes depression in some patients, yet it is unknown whether this depression is an actual clinical phenomenon or purely a result of overlapping somatic/physical symptoms shared by both disorders. The present study investigated changes in both somatic and affective/cognitive symptoms of depression associated with the introduction of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for OSA. Participants were 39 outpatients (35 males, 4 females) with no current or past mental health problems, diagnosed with OSA in a hospital sleep disorders clinic. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered prior to treatment and again 3 months after CPAP. Total BDI scores improved after CPAP, independent of objectively monitored CPAP compliance rates. Both somatic and affective/ cognitive symptoms of depression improved in a similar manner after treatment. Our findings suggest that depressive symptoms experienced by OSA patients are not solely the result of physical OSA symptoms but include a mood component as well. We introduce a hypothetical model to conceptualize the relationship between OSA and depression.
• Taylor, D. (2003). Cognitive performance after sleep deprivation: does personality make a difference?. Personality and Individual Differences.
• Taylor, D. (2003). Insomnia as a health risk factor. Behavioral sleep medicine.
• Taylor, D. (2003). Quantitative criteria for insomnia. Behaviour research and therapy.
• Taylor, D. (2003). ‘Young old’and ‘old old’poor sleepers with and without insomnia complaints. Journal of Psychosomatic Research.
• Taylor, D. J., Lichstein, K. L., & Durrence, H. H. (2003). Insomnia as a health risk factor. Behavioral sleep medicine, 1(4), 227-47.
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  This article reviewed insomnia epidemiological research, identifying areas where insomnia was a risk factor and isolating areas deserving of further investigation. Insomnia was consistently predictive of depression, anxiety disorders, other psychological disorders, alcohol abuse or dependence, drug abuse or dependence, and suicide, indicating insomnia is a risk factor for these difficulties. Additionally, insomnia was related to decreased immune functioning. The data were inconclusive regarding insomnia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality, but sleep medication use was predictive of mortality. These results must be tempered with the knowledge that significant weaknesses existed in the studies reviewed. The main weaknesses were inadequate definition of insomnia and inadequate control for alternative explanations. Despite these limitations, this review suggests that insomnia is a risk factor for poor mental and physical health.

Proceedings Publications

• Taylor, D. (2008). Long-term follow-up of patients with insomnia. In Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings.
• Taylor, D. (2004). Does residual insomnia predict depressive relapse and recurrence in cognitive therapy responders?. In Sleep.
• Taylor, D. (2002). Quality of life (QOL) in patients with grade IV chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). In Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol.

Others

• Taylor, D. (2021, December). How much does sleep vary from night-to-night? A quantitative summary of intraindividual variability in sleep by age, gender, and racial/ethnic identity across eight-pooled datasets. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yjpqx
• Taylor, D. (2016). Residual sleep disturbances following PTSD treatment in active duty military personnel. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8 (6), 697-701.
• Taylor, D. (2016). Sleep disorders. Handbook of Psychosocial Interventions for Veterans: A Guide for the Non-Military Mental Health Clinician.
• Taylor, D. (2014). Handbook of insomnia.