Gary D Thompson

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• Caracciolo, F., Cembalo, L., Lombardi, A., & Thompson, G. (2014). Distributional Effects of Maize Price Increases in Malawi. Journal of Development Studies, 50(2), 258-275.
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  Abstract: In the wake of highly volatile world prices of staple commodities, we examine the impacts of increases in maize prices on various categories of households in Malawi. Using household-level data, changes in household income are calculated taking into account the net maize production status of the household and food price elasticities estimated from a censored demand system. While maize price increases have unequivocal deleterious effects on the incomes of urban households, rural households experience differential impacts. Net producing households in rural areas benefit from price increases with households above the poverty line obtaining proportionally higher incomes. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.
• Thompson, G. D., Aradhyula, S. V., Frisvold, G., & Tronstad, R. (2010). Does paying referees expedite reviews?: Results of a natural experiment. Southern Economic Journal, 76(3), 678-692.
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  Abstract: A natural experiment in an economics field journal afforded time-series observations on payments to referees for on-time reviews. The natural experiment yielded 15 months' worth of data with no payments and about two subsequent years of data with payments. Using refereeand manuscript-specific measures as covariates, hazard models were used to gauge the effects of payments on individual referee's review times. All models indicate statistically significant reductions in review times owing to referee payments. Reductions in review times translate into significant reductions in first-response time (FRT). Median FRT was reduced from 90 to 70 days, a 22% reduction in the presence of payments. With payments, only 1% of the FRTs exceeded six months; without payments, 16% of the FRTs exceeded six months.
• Thompson, G., Thompson, G. D., Fass, R., Pieniaszek, H. J., & Thompson, G. D. (2009). Pharmacokinetic comparison of orally-disintegrating metoclopramide with conventional metoclopramide tablet formulation in healthy volunteers. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 30(3).
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  Oral tablet formulations of metoclopramide are effective therapies for gastroparesis and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; however, difficulty swallowing tablets or nausea/vomiting may reduce patient adherence to therapy. Because of this, a metoclopramide orally-disintegrating tablet (ODT) has been developed.
• Thompson, G., Thompson, G. D., Goll, D. E., Neti, G., Mares, S. W., & Thompson, G. D. (2008). Myofibrillar protein turnover: the proteasome and the calpains. Journal of animal science, 86(14 Suppl).
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  Metabolic turnover of myofibrillar proteins in skeletal muscle requires that, before being degraded to AA, myofibrillar proteins be removed from the myofibril without disrupting the ability of the myofibril to contract and develop tension. Skeletal muscle contains 4 proteolytic systems in amounts such that they could be involved in metabolic protein turnover: 1) the lysosomal system, 2) the caspase system, 3) the calpain system, and 4) the proteasome. The catheptic proteases in lysosomes are not active at the neutral pH of the cell cytoplasm, so myofibrillar proteins would have to be degraded inside lysosomes if the lysosomal system were involved. Lysosomes could not engulf a myofibril without destroying it, so the lysosomal system is not involved to a significant extent in metabolic turnover of myofibrillar proteins. The caspases are not activated until initiation of apoptosis, and, therefore, it is unlikely that the caspases are involved to a significant extent in myofibrillar protein turnover. The calpains do not degrade proteins to AA or even to small peptides and do not catalyze bulk degradation of the sarcoplasmic proteins, so they cannot be the only proteolytic system involved in myofibrillar protein turnover. Research during the past 20 yr has shown that the proteasome is responsible for 80 to 90% of total intracellular protein turnover, but the proteasome degrades peptide chains only after they have been unfolded, so that they can enter the catalytic chamber of the proteasome. Thus, although the proteasome can degrade sarcoplasmic proteins, it cannot degrade myofibrillar proteins until they have been removed from the myofibril. It remains unclear how this removal is done. The calpains degrade those proteins that are involved in keeping the myofibrillar proteins assembled in myofibrils, and it was proposed over 30 yr ago that the calpains initiated myofibrillar protein turnover by disassembling the outer layer of proteins from the myofibril and releasing them as myofilaments. Such myofilaments have been found in skeletal muscle. Other studies have indicated that individual myofibrillar proteins can exchange with their counterparts in the cytoplasm; it is unclear whether this can be done to an extent that is consistent with the rate of myofibrillar protein turnover in living muscle. It seems that both the calpains and the proteasome are responsible for myofibrillar protein turnover, but the mechanism is still unknown.
• Blank, S. C., & Thompson, G. D. (2004). Can/should/will a niche become the norm? organic agriculture's short past and long future. Contemporary Economic Policy, 22(4), 483-503.
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  Abstract: A theory is proposed that explains the evolution of a market based on a quality variant as it goes from being a niche to the market norm. Organic commodities are described as such a quality variant and used to focus on the economic and policy issues that arise during a market's evolution. It is shown how organic products in general can become the norm in many American commodity markets. However, there is disagreement over whether it should and much uncertainty about whether it will. The current status of two organic markets is discussed to illustrate empirical issues.
• Thompson, G. D., Aradhyula, S., Frisvold, G., & Tronstad, R. (2002). JARE Editor's Report October 2002. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 27(2), 587-.
• Thompson, G., Fravolini, A., Williams, D. G., Thompson, G. D., & Thompson, G. D. (2002). Carbon isotope discrimination and bundle sheath leakiness in three C(4) subtypes grown under variable nitrogen, water and atmospheric CO(2) supply. Journal of experimental botany, 53(378).
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  The changes in composition and productivity of semi-arid C(4) grassland, anticipated with rising atmospheric CO(2), will depend on soil water and nutrient availability. The interactive effects of soil resource limitation and elevated CO(2 )on these grasses, furthermore, may vary among C(4) biochemical subtypes (NADP-ME, NAD-ME, PCK) that differ in bundle sheath leakiness (Phi) responses to drought and nitrogen supply. To address C(4) subtype responses to soil resource gradients, the carbon isotope discrimination (Delta), bundle sheath leakiness (Phi), leaf gas exchange (A, g(s), c(i)/c(a)) and above-ground biomass accumulation were measured on three dominant grasses of semi-desert grassland in south-eastern Arizona. Bouteloua curtipendula (PCK), Aristida glabrata (NADP-ME) and the non-native Eragrostis lehmanniana (NAD-ME) were grown in controlled-environment chambers from seed under a complete, multi-factorial combination of present ambient (370 ppm) and elevated (690 ppm) CO(2) concentration and under high and low water and nitrogen supply. E. lehmanniana (NAD-ME) had the highest photosynthetic rate (A) and lowest Phi compared to the other two grasses when grown under low nitrogen and water availability. However, favourable water and nitrogen supply and elevated atmospheric CO(2) enhanced photosynthetic performance and above-ground biomass production of B. curtipendula (PCK) to a greater extent than in A. glabrata and E. lehmanniana. Contrary to pre vious studies, Phi and Delta in the NADP-ME subtype (A. glabrata) were most affected by changing environmental conditions compared to the other subtypes; deviations from the classic NADP-ME anatomy in Aristida could have accounted for this result. Overall, response of semi-arid grasslands to rising atmospheric CO(2) may depend more on species-specific responses to drought and nitrogen limitation than on general C(4) subtype responses.
• Thompson, G., Thompson, G. D., Moran, P. J., Cheng, Y., Cassell, J. L., & Thompson, G. D. (2002). Gene expression profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana in compatible plant-aphid interactions. Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology, 51(4).
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  Phloem feeding involves unique biological interactions between the herbivore and its host plant. The economic importance of aphids, whiteflies, and other phloem-feeding insects as pests has prompted research to isolate sources of resistance to piercing-sucking insects in crops. However, little information exists about the molecular nature of plant sensitivity to phloem feeding. Recent discoveries involving elicitation by plant pathogens and chewing insects and limited studies on phloem feeders suggest that aphids are capable of inducing responses in plants broadly similar to those associated with pathogen infection and wounding. Our past work showed that compatible aphid feeding on leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana induces localized changes in levels of transcripts of genes that are also associated with infection, mechanical damage, chewing herbivory, or resource allocation shifts. We used microarray and macroarray gene expression analyses of infested plants to better define the response profile of A. thaliana to M. persicae feeding. The results suggest that genes involved in oxidative stress, calcium-dependent signaling, pathogenesis-related responses, and signaling are key components of this profile in plants infested for 72 or 96 h. The use of plant resistance to aphids in crops will benefit from a better understanding of induced responses. The establishment of links between insect elicitation, plant signaling associated with phloem feeding, and proximal resistance mechanisms is critical to further research progress in this area.
• Thompson, G., Thompson, G. D., Moran, P. J., & Thompson, G. D. (2001). Molecular responses to aphid feeding in Arabidopsis in relation to plant defense pathways. Plant physiology, 125(2).
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  Little is known about molecular responses in plants to phloem feeding by insects. The induction of genes associated with wound and pathogen response pathways was investigated following green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) feeding on Arabidopsis. Aphid feeding on rosette leaves induced transcription of two genes associated with salicylic acid (SA)-dependent responses to pathogens (PR-1 and BGL2) 10- and 23-fold, respectively. Induction of PR-1 and BGL2 mRNA was reduced in npr1 mutant plants, which are deficient in SA signaling. Application of the SA analog benzothiadiazole led to decreases in aphid reproduction on leaves of both wild-type plants and mutant plants deficient in responsiveness to SA, suggesting that wild-type SA-dependent responses do not influence resistance to aphids. Two-fold increases occurred in mRNA levels of PDF1.2, which encodes defensin, a peptide involved in the jasmonate (JA)-/ethylene-dependent response pathway. Transcripts encoding JA-inducible lipoxygenase (LOX2) and SA/JA-inducible Phe-ammonia lyase increased 1.5- to 2-fold. PDF1.2 and LOX2 induction by aphids did not occur in infested leaves of the JA-resistant coi1-1 mutant. Aphid feeding induced 10-fold increases in mRNA levels of a stress-related monosaccharide symporter gene, STP4. Phloem feeding on Arabidopsis leads to stimulation of response pathways associated with both pathogen infection and wounding.
• Thompson, G. (2000). International consumer demand for organic foods. HortTechnology, 10(4), 663-674.
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  Abstract: Sales of organic foods at retail have grown at rates from 20 to 35% in many countries throughout Europe, Asia, and the Americas during the 1990s. Yet market shares of organic foods remain quite small, less than 3% of retail value in all countries throughout the world. As mainstream retail outlets have begun to carry and promote organic foods, lack of availability of organic foods has become less of an impediment to consumer demand. The major impediment to continued growth in organic food demand is high price premiums for organic foods over conventional food counterparts. Some of the highest price premiums at retail are displayed by fresh and frozen vegetables and fruit: premiums as high as 250% for frozen green peas (Pisum sativum L.) in the United States have been recorded. Indirect evidence in the form of willingness-to-pay studies and retail pricing experiments indicate that the majority of consumers will not pay such high price premiums for organic fruit and vegetables. Small market shares at retail tend to corroborate consumers' unwillingness to pay such high prices. How much prices of organic fruit and vegetables would have to be reduced relative to conventional produce in order to increase market shares of organic produce is not clear.
• Thompson, G., Thompson, G. D., Burgess, J. L., Kovalchick, D. F., Harter, L., Kyes, K. B., & Thompson, G. D. (2000). Hazardous materials events: an industrial comparison. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 42(5).
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  Identifying industries at high risk for hazardous materials releases can facilitate prevention and preparation for such events. A retrospective review by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes was conducted on non-petroleum hazardous materials emergency events from 1993 to 1995 and collected by the Washington State Department of Health in a program supported by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Annual US Census data were used to determine the number of facilities and employees by SIC code in the state of Washington. SIC codes with the most total events and events per 10,000 employees were ranked and characterized by type of releases. In 3 years, 1269 events were recorded, with 294 involving human victims. Industries with the highest average annual number of events per 10,000 employees were agricultural chemical manufacturing (142); petroleum refining (122); industrial and miscellaneous chemical manufacturing (56); electric light and power (54); and pulp, paper, and paperboard mills (39). Industries with high rates of hazardous materials emergency events should continue to develop methods of preventing these releases.
• Thompson, G., Thompson, G. D., Snyder, R. W., Siekert, R. W., Schwiegerling, J., Donnenfeld, E., & Thompson, G. D. (2000). Acular as a single agent for use as an antimiotic and anti-inflammatory in cataract surgery. Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, 26(8).
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  To assess the safety and effectiveness of ketorolac tromethamine 0. 5% (Acular) as a cost-efficient single agent to prevent intraoperative miosis and postoperative inflammation in cataract surgery.
• Anderson, D. P., Wilson, P. N., & Thompson, G. D. (1999). The Adoption and Diffusion of Level Fields and Basins. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 24(1), 186-203.
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  Abstract: Strategic investments in agriculture often are lumpy and irreversible, with significant impacts on operating and fixed costs. Leveling cotton fields to zero slope in central Arizona is a strategic decision made by relatively younger farmers who are farming fine-textured soils in irrigation districts with higher expected water costs. The diffusion of the technology across the region between 1968-89 appears to be both a function of institutional changes (e.g., the Groundwater Management Act of 1980, the Central Arizona Project) and the long-run expected price changes induced by these new policies.
• Thompson, G. D., & Wilson, P. N. (1999). Market Demands for Bagged, Refrigerated Salads. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 24(2), 463-481.
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  Abstract: Sales of newly introduced bagged, refrigerated salads grew at over 50% annually during 1994-95. Consumption of bagged salads displayed marked seasonality despite year-round availability and uniform quality at more stable prices than head lettuce. Using scanner data from 44 areas, a single-equation demand model incorporating the effects of weather on seasonal consumption is estimated. Statistical tests of aggregation indicate that weather-induced seasonality varies significantly across areas, as do own- and cross-price elasticities. Econometric results suggest more seasonality in eating by people living in more northern latitudes, a pattern also observed by psychiatrists studying eating disorders.
• Thompson, G. D. (1998). Consumer demand for organic foods: What we know and what we need to know. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 80(5), 1113-1118.
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  Abstract: Although a quarter of U.S. consumers apparently have purchased organic foods (Food Marketing Institute, The Packer), organic market share at retail remains quite small. Attitudes, motives, and willingness to pay for organic products have been measured, but apparently no retail data have been available to estimate own-price, cross-price, and income elasticities. Although high retail price premiums for organic foods persist, elasticity estimates appear to be critically important for gauging how the U.S. market for organic food might grow in the future. Demographic variables such as age, marital status, number and age of children, and educational attainment might be important variables in explaining and predicting consumer demand for organic products. Estimates of habit persistence linked to age and household composition might also be important for measuring the potential growth of organic foods. Accounting for where foods are purchased is likely to be important in understanding where potential growth in organic foods might occur. The emergence of natural foods supermarkets demonstrates how new types of retail outlets can promote organic products and change consumers' buying habits. Because households buy with varying degrees of frequency at a variety of retail outlets-mainstream and natural foods supermarkets, club stores, health food stores, food co-ops, gourmet stores, and so on-analysts might want to model the effects of store choice and frequency of visits on organic product choices. Scanner data linked with consumer panels might facilitate this avenue of research. With over 40% of retail food expenditures made on food away from home, another potentially important area of investigation will be how household decisions to purchase food away from home can affect the demand for organic products. Nontraditional, perhaps proprietary data sources might be required to estimate the demand for organic foods as a component of the demand for food away from home. If retail data are not readily available, food service purveyors and fresh produce consolidators might be a source of data for indirect measurement of demand for fresh and processed organic foods.
• Thompson, G. D., & Kidwell, J. (1998). Explaining the choice of organic produce: Cosmetic defects, prices, and consumer preferences. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 80(2), 277-287.
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  Abstract: The choice between organic and conventional produce was estimated empirically using a two-equation probit model. Data were collected in-store on cosmetic defects, produce prices, and consumers' demographic and economic traits. Store choice displayed a significant impact on the probability of purchasing organic produce. Shoppers at the specialty grocer were sensitive to price differences between organic and conventional items. Households with children under eighteen were more likely to purchase organic produce while shoppers with graduate or professional degrees were less likely to do so. Differences in cosmetic defects had statistically significant albeit small effects on the probability of purchasing organics.
• Thompson, G., Thompson, G. D., Clark, A. M., Jacobsen, K. R., Bostwick, D. E., Dannenhoffer, J. M., Skaggs, M. I., & Thompson, G. D. (1997). Molecular characterization of a phloem-specific gene encoding the filament protein, phloem protein 1 (PP1), from Cucurbita maxima. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology, 12(1).
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  Sieve elements in the phloem of most angiosperms contain proteinaceous filaments and aggregates called P-protein. In the genus Cucurbita, these filaments are composed of two major proteins: PP1, the phloem filament protein, and PP2, the phloem lactin. The gene encoding the phloem filament protein in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) has been isolated and characterized. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the reconstructed gene gPP1 revealed a continuous 2430 bp protein coding sequence, with no introns, encoding an 809 amino acid polypeptide. The deduced polypeptide had characteristics of PP1 and contained a 15 amino acid sequence determined by N-terminal peptide sequence analysis of PP1. The sequence of PP1 was highly repetitive with four 200 amino acid sequence domains containing structural motifs in common with cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Expression of the PP1 gene was detected in roots, hypocotyls, cotyledons, stems, and leaves of pumpkin plants. PP1 and its mRNA accumulated in pumpkin hypocotyls during the period of rapid hypocotyl elongation after which mRNA levels declined, while protein levels remained elevated. PP1 was immunolocalized in slime plugs and P-protein bodies in sieve elements of the phloem. Occasionally, PP1 was detected in companion cells. PP1 mRNA was localized by in situ hybridization in companion cells at early stages of vascular differentiation. The developmental accumulation and localization of PP1 and its mRNA paralleled the phloem lactin, further suggesting an interaction between these phloem-specific proteins.
• Thompson, G. D., & Wilson, P. N. (1994). Ejido reforms in Mexico: conceptual issues and potential outcomes. Land Economics, 70(4), 448-465.
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  Abstract: The evolving privatization of the ejido system in Mexico represents a challenge to standard economic models of common property regimes. These models tend to emphasize human interrelations while discounting the ecological conditions which form the environment for human interactions. A risk-spreading, safety-first model capturing interrelationships between nature and humans is developed to analyze the potential implications of Mexico's privatization efforts. Recognizing that the majority of ejido lands are communal, not parcelized, located primarily in arid areas, the model supports the prediction that privatization will occur and be most successful on irrigated, ejido lands with modern social and economic infrastructure. -Authors
• Thompson, G., Thompson, G. D., Bostwick, D. E., Skaggs, M. I., & Thompson, G. D. (1994). Organization and characterization of Cucurbita phloem lectin genes. Plant molecular biology, 26(3).
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  The phloem of pumpkin and squash contains a dimeric chitin-binding lectin called PP2 (phloem protein 2). We have isolated three genomic clones from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) that encoded PP2. One clone, lambda gPC13-1, contained two PP2 genes that were 99.8% identical over a region of 3055 nucleotides. This conserved region included 1922 bp of 5' non-coding sequence, 844 bp of protein coding sequence (including two introns), and 289 bp of 3' non-coding sequence. To examine the conservation of the phloem lectin within the genus Cucurbita, we analyzed nine different species for PP2, its mRNA, and the genes that encode PP2. DNA blot analysis indicated that each species contained genes that encoded PP2, however, there was considerable restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) among the species. PP2 gene copy number reconstructions indicated that PP2 is encoded by a small gene family (two to eight genes). Although a high level of PP2 DNA polymorphism existed among species, a single mRNA (ca. 1 kb) was detected in each species. PP2, affinity-purified from the vascular exudate of each species, reacted with PP2-specific antibodies; five species contained a single PP2 polypeptide while four species contained two PP2 polypeptides.
• Thompson, G., Thompson, G. D., Bostwick, D. E., & Thompson, G. D. (1993). Nucleotide sequence of a pumpkin phloem lectin cDNA. Plant physiology, 102(2).
• Thompson, G., Thompson, G. D., Katzman, S. S., Gibeault, J. D., Dickson, K., & Thompson, G. D. (1993). Use of a Herbert screw for interphalangeal joint arthrodesis. Clinical orthopaedics and related research.
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  Fifty-one Herbert-screw fixation procedures were performed for interphalangeal fusion in the hand. The preoperative diagnoses included rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative arthritis, posttraumatic arthritis, and chronic mallet finger. All patients were observed until there was clinical and radiographic evidence of union. Solid osseous union occurred in all patients. Herbert screw fixation for interphalangeal arthrodesis was a simple, effective technique permitting early mobilization; complications were minimal.
• Wilson, P. N., & Thompson, G. D. (1993). Common property and uncertainty: compensating coalitions by Mexico's pastoral ejidatarios. Economic Development & Cultural Change, 41(2), 299-318.
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  Abstract: Half of the agricultural land in Mexico is controlled by organized community groups: comunidades and ejidos. Ejidos, groups that hold property in common, control approximately 40% of the agricultural land. This paper selected a group of ejidos on the "extensive margin' and analyzed family-level decision making within an environment of ecological and behavioral uncertainty. It argued that agricultural production in semiarid and arid zones requires resource mobility, particularly the freedom to graze livestock throughout a large, extensive land area. It also concludes that the breakdown in ejido productivity on these extensive, livestock-herding areas is due to a deterioration in property management at the community level. -from Authors
• Thompson, G. D., & Lyon, C. C. (1992). A generalized test for perfect aggregation. Economics Letters, 40(4), 389-396.
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  Abstract: A generalized test of perfect aggregation is developed which accomodates two important cases: (i) the case in which the full rank conditions of the hypothesis test are not satisfied and (ii) the case in which linear models estimated with time series data display serially correlated error terms. © 1993.
• Thompson, G. D., Langworthy, M., & Blough, D. (1992). The approximation capabilities of the minflex-Laurents, translog, and generalized Leontief forms. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 2(4), 299-322.
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  Abstract: This paper compares the approximation capabilities of the minflex-Laurents translog and minflex generalized Leontief cost functions with their translog and generalized Leontief counterparts in Monte Carlo experiments. The minflex Laurent specifications generally provided closer approximations to underlying technical and economic parameters. Imposition of nonlinear restrictions on some of the parameters of the minflex Laurent models yielded measurable improvement in estimated elasticities of substitutions, returns to scale, and rates of technical change. © 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• Thompson, G., Bostwick, D. E., Dannenhoffer, J. M., Skaggs, M. I., Lister, R. M., Larkins, B. A., Thompson, G. D., & Thompson, G. D. (1992). Pumpkin phloem lectin genes are specifically expressed in companion cells. The Plant cell, 4(12).
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  Pumpkin phloem exudate contains two abundant phloem proteins: PP1 is a 96-kD protein that forms polymeric filaments in vivo, and PP2 is a 48-kD dimeric lectin. Polyclonal antibodies raised against pumpkin phloem exudate were used to isolate several cDNAs corresponding to PP1 and PP2. RNA gel blot analysis indicated that PP1 is encoded by an mRNA of approximately 2500 nucleotides, whereas PP2 subunits are encoded by an mRNA of 1000 nucleotides. Sequence analysis of PP2 cDNAs revealed a 654-bp open reading frame encoding a 218-amino acid polypeptide; this polypeptide had the carbohydrate binding characteristics of a PP2 subunit. The PP2 mRNA was localized within the phloem of pumpkin hypocotyl cross-sections based on in situ hybridization of a digoxigenin-labeled antisense probe. PP2 mRNA was found within the companion cells in both the bicollateral vascular bundles and the extrafascicular phloem network.
• Thompson, G., Thompson, G. D., Riley, J. J., Hicks, N. G., & Thompson, G. D. (1992). Effect of Kuwait oil field fires on human comfort and environment in Jubail, Saudi Arabia. International journal of biometeorology, 36(1).
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  The plumes from the Kuwait oil field fires reduced hemispheric (total) solar radiation by 26-36% during January-June 1991 in Jubail (300 km SE of Kuwait City), Saudi Arabia. Residents feel noticeably cooler even though air temperatures have not been lowered significantly (up to June 1991). These observations support human comfort theories and demonstrate the importance of shade to comfort. The desirability of complete solar radiation measurements, including those of diffuse radiation, is indicated.
• Thompson, G. D. (1991). A test for spatial and temporal aggregation. Economics Letters, 36(4), 391-396.
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  Abstract: A test for spatial and temporal aggregation is derived which permits the researcher to assess when a given econometric model may be appropriately aggregated across micro units and across sample observations. © 1991.
• Thompson, G., Thompson, G. D., Barrett, M. J., Goll, D. E., & Thompson, G. D. (1991). Effect of substrate on Ca2(+)-concentration required for activity of the Ca2(+)-dependent proteinases, mu- and m-calpain. Life sciences, 48(17).
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  The Ca2+ concentrations required for half-maximal activity of mu- and m-calpain purified from bovine skeletal muscle were tested using four different protein substrates and three different synthetic peptide substrates. Hammersten casein, the commonly used substrate for measuring mu- and m-calpain activity, required 2.5 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal activity of mu-calpain and 290 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal activity of m-calpain. When Hammersten casein was dialyzed against 8 M urea and 10 mM EDTA to remove all endogenous Ca2+, it required 1.9 and 290 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal activity of mu- and m-calpain, respectively. Rabbit skeletal muscle myofibrils and rabbit skeletal muscle troponin required 65 microM and 24 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal activity of mu-calpain and 380 microM and 580 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal activity of m-calpain, respectively. The three synthetic substrates tested, Suc-Leu-Tyr-MCA, Boc-Leu-Thr-Arg-MCA, and Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-MCA, required 1.6 microM to 3.7 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal activity of mu-calpain and 200 to 560 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal activity of m-calpain.
• Thompson, G. D., & Hillman, J. S. (1989). Agricultural trade between the United States and Mexico: the impacts of Mexico's foreign debt. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 71(5), 1123-1134.
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  Abstract: The potential for enhancing agricultural trade between the US and Mexico is attested to by the large historic share of agricultural trade between the two countries. In 1988, Mexico was the second largest source of US agricultural imports with $1.9 billion of commodities and the sixth largest recipient country of the US agricultural exports with commodities valued at $1.7 billion. Two related macroeconomic and international phenomena - Mexico's foreign debt burden and Mexico's "apertura' or liberalization of foreign trade policies - make this a particularly appropriate time for examining issues of agricultural trade between the US and Mexico. With one of the largest foreign debts of any Latin American country, two presidential administrators in Mexico have been saddled with the responsibility of reducing government expenditure. As a result, subsidies on some staple food products have been lowered while government spending on agricultural production and consumption programs has been reduced. The potential for enhanced agricultural trade between the US and Mexico also depends on agricultural trade policy formulated in Washington. The impact of other bilateral political issues, such as drug enforcement, immigration reform, and petroleum supply to the US, will not likely take precedence over the foreign debt issue in influencing agricultural trade policy in the near term. -from Authors
• Thompson, G., Amon, R., & Martin, P. L. (1986). Agricultural development and emigration: rhetoric and reality.. International Migration Review, 20(3), 575-597.
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  PMID: 12268139;Abstract: The untested premise of trade liberalizing U.S. development programs such as the Caribbean Basin Initiative is that commodity trade can substitute for international labor migration. Analysis of U.S. tomato producing regions in Sinaloa, Mexico and Florida suggests that the effect of trade liberalization of international labor migration is uncertain. -Authors