Victor Octavio Tenorio

Interests

Research

Decision Support Systems, Control Rooms, Process Optimization, New Technologies, Mine Modeling Software, Systems Integration, IoT, Data Analysis, Business Process Improvement, Simulation, Automation, Autonomous Equipment

Teaching

Underground Mine Design and Planning, Surface Mine Design and Planning, Mine Examination & Valuation, Simulation. Smart Mining, Space Mining.

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Journals/Publications

• Jia, J., Boqi, X., Xin, W., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Zhongshuai, L. (2024). A Study on Deformation Characteristics and Stability of Soft Surrounding Rock for a Shallow-Buried Tunnel. Applied Sciences, 14(6014), 1-16. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146014
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  The Heimaguan Tunnel in China serves as a case study to exemplify the variation laws related to surface settlement, deformation, and stress characteristics in a shallow-buried soft-rock tunnel, while emphasizing in the tunnel support requirements. The first stage of this study begins with monitoring the time-varying characteristics of surface settlement, vault subsidence, and the horizontal convergence of Grade V rock. In the second stage, Peck theory is used to calculate the distribution characteristics of surface settlement. The results of both stages are compared to create a vault settlement model, thus establishing the horizontal convergence based on exponential function, logarithmic function and hyperbolic function, and determining the optimal time of secondary lining construction. On this basis, the time-dependent variation laws and characteristics of vertical and horizontal displacement and principal stress of surrounding rock are studied. After this, using simulation and analysis, the proper support is recommended. The study reveals that the surface settlement, vault subsidence, and horizontal convergence of the shallow-buried soft-rock tunnel stabilize within 25–30 days. Peck theory closely aligns with predictions based on exponential functions, with only a 0.72% difference. The recommended time for secondary lining application is 26–27 days.Keywords: shallow-buried tunnel; tunnel supports; soft rock; surface settlement; subsidence
• Jia, J., Mao, C., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2024). Slope stability considering multi‑fissure seepage under rainfall conditions. Scientific Reports, 14(11662), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62387-3
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  Fissures form the channel for rainwater infltration, which accelerate the infltration of rainwater into slope bodies, hence its important impact on the seepage feld and stability of the slope. In this paper, taking one landslide of Liang-Wan freeway as the research object, frstly, the equivalent permeability coefcient method is used to homogenize the fssured soil. Then considering the boundary conditions of rainfall infltration and groundwater level, a fluid–structure coupling model is established based on saturated–unsaturated seepage theory, and evolution characteristics of seepage, displacement and stress of the slope are studied. Based on these, the slope stability coefcient is determined. The results show that the rising rate of pore water pressure and volume water content of topsoil increases when multi-fissure seepage is considered, and the pore water velocity is larger in the local seepage range of fissures. With the increase of buried depth, the closer to groundwater level, the infuence of multi-fissure seepage gradually weakens. The theoretical calculation results of slope displacement are more consistent with the field monitoring results. With the increase of rainfall time, the stability coeficient of slope decreases gradually, and the rate and range of decrease are greater. Keywords: Seepage, Multi-fissure, Strength reduction, Rainfall infltration
• Jia, J., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Zhang, B., & Li, M. (2022). Stability and reliability of a shallow tunnel in soft surrounding rock: construction technology and prediction. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15(3), 12.
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  AbstractShallow-buried tunnels are often constructed under strata of gravel or unconsolidated sediments; one distinguishing property is that the tunnel crown is near to the ground surface, surrounded by a weak mass of rocks mixed with unconsolidated material. So, it is of high importance that improved excavation methods integrated with modern reinforcement technologies are utilized to ensure stability and reliability of the tunnel. In this paper, the Xizicheng Shallow-Buried Tunnel is presented as an example. First, a geological radar experiment is presented, and safety factors are calculated to analyze and assess the stability of the tunnel; second, the construction methods and reinforcement technologies of grade IV and grade V surrounding rocks are proposed, respectively. Based on these steps, a fnite element numerical model is built; the displacement of surrounding rock and horizontal stress, vertical stress, and vertical displacement of tunnel support are studied, with the mechanical laws and characteristics of surrounding rock and tunnel supports being analyzed at the same time. During the tunnel excavation period, the displacement and deformation of grade IV and grade V surrounding rocks is measured. The results show that the vault subsidence and clearance convergence are all small, confrming that the skill measures and methods can ensure safety and stability of the shallow tunnel in soft surrounding rock.Keywords Shallow tunnel · Reliability · Soft surrounding rock · Stability · Finite element analysis
• Molaei, F., Rahimi, E., Siavoshi, H., Afrouz, S. G., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2020). A Comprehensive Review on Internet of Things (IoT) and its Implications in the Mining Industry. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Volume 13(3), 499-515. doi:https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.499.515
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  The integration of computer-based technologies interacting with industrial machines or home appliances through an interconnected network, for teleoperation, workflow control, switching to autonomous mode, or collecting data automatically using a variety of sensors, is known as Internet of Things (IoT). When applied inside an industrial context, it is possible to immediately benefit from the analytics obtained, contributing to process optimization, machine health, the safety of workers and asset management. IoT can assist real-time platforms in remotely monitoring and operating a complex production system with minimal intervention of humans. Hence it can be beneficial for hazardous industries, such as mining, by increasing the safety of personnel and equipment while reducing operation costs. An ideal smart automated mine could potentially be achievable by gradually taking advantage of IoT. Currently, different sensors are used in mine-related activities, such as geophones in exploration and blast control, piezometers in dewatering and toxic gas detectors in working frontlines. However, a fully integrated automated system is challenging in practice due to infrastructural limitations in communication, data management and storage. Moreover, the tendency of mining companies to continue with traditional methods instead of relying on untested novel techniques decelerates this progress. In this study, the adaptability of the mining industry to IoT systems and its current development is reviewed. Significant challenges of this progress are investigated and recommendations to develop a comprehensive model suited for different mining sections such as exploration, operation and safety considering flexible technologies such as Wireless Sensor Networks and the introduction of Global Data Management.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2020). Beneficios de la Automatización en las Tareas Fundamentales de la Actividad Minera (Benefits of Automation in the Fundamental Tasks of the Mining Activity). Revista Minería - Instituto de Ingenieros de Minas del Perú, 07(514), 59-65.
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  Mining activity is currently facing a series of challenges, among which the limitation of personnel due to the sanitary restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic has become a forced reference for the rethinking of all exploitation activities and therefore it has affected the production objectives during the lockdown period, and for a considerable time, the work plans may not be properly forecasted. It is in this scenario where the application of existing modern technologies represents an opportunity to reactivate operations and level the mineral production rate required to meet the quotas of the current production period. Social distancing and the use of additional personal protection equipment will mean having fewer personnel at work points in the most critical line of action, this is drilling-blasting-LHD, and therefore it will be necessary to have tele-operated equipment, autonomous vehicles and a new data transmission infrastructure that allows us to interact with our equipment and make them work efficiently and safely. Control rooms will be required for centralized supervision and the incorporation of devices compatible with the "Industrial Internet of Things", a feature that will allow the flow of communications and data transmission required for all equipment to operate in a synchronized manner using or own data network. This will also represent a process of change from management to operators, in which tactical supervision and the use of workers' experience will play a fundamental role for its rapid implementation.
• Wang, H., Tenorio, V., Li, G., Hu, N., & Hou, J. (2020). Optimization of Trackless Equipment Scheduling in Underground Mines Using Genetic Algorithms. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 37(5), 1531-1544. doi:10.1007/s42461-020-00285-8
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  This paper presents an algorithm for optimizing the scheduling of trackless equipment in underground mines. With the shortest working interval and maximum productivity as goals, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the problem, and obtain the optimal working sequence with the most suitable equipment configuration possible. The input for the proposed method is the number of units and capacity of trackless equipment, the production process, ore amount in stopes, and the distance between stopes. The algorithm is verified using four setups of 5 stopes with 5 cycles, 5 stopes with 15 cycles, 10 stopes with 10 cycles, and 10 stopes with 30 cycles. The solution time of the algorithm is no more than 20 min, which is acceptable for practical applications. The results show that the setup of 10 stopes with 30 cycles is closer to the actual production of the mines, and the optimization model can effectively improve the operation efficiency. In this scenario, the robustness of the optimization is tested by simulating equipment failure events. Under the condition of 8% failure rate, the operation time is extended over 3.21–14.56% than expected, which represents strong robustness. The algorithm can quickly provide a feasible and effective solution for the production scheduling decision of trackless equipment in underground mines.
• Diaz, N. B., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Momayez, M., & Gravley, S. (2017). Diseño de una Estación de Refugio para Equipo Montado en Rieles – Design of a Refuge Chamber for Rail-Mounted Equipment. RUMBO MINERO, 182-185.
• Botin, J., Gatica, C., Poulton, M. M., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2016). Profesionales Femeninas en la Minera Chilena - Female Professionals in Chilean Mining. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 10(62), 76-80.
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  The Chilean minerals industry faces a shortage of 27.000 new skilled professional by 2023. Enhancing the integration of women into the workforce is a possible solution. This study analyzes the state of women in the mining workforce over the past decade. Several key indicators are presented: percent in the workforce, salaries, career profiles, presence at management level, and participation in academia are studied. The study also analyzes the strategies used by government, industry, and universities to recruit and retain women for the minerals industy. The main results show that women represent 7.4% of the mining workforce in Chile and less than 1% of senior positions with a salary gap of approximately 30%. Systematically, women prefer professional programs in geology, chemistry, and environmental areas. The Chilean statistics are compared to data from the United States mining industry.
• Park, J., Kim, K., Compan, G., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2016). Uso de la Tasa de Penetración durante la Perforación - Using Penetration Rate during Drilling. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 10(57), 68-73.
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  The integration and optimization of the different processes in a hard rock modern mine, including drilling, blasting, crushing, and milling, can assist in improving the degree of mineral liberation, obtaining at the same time relatively significant savings in energy costs. This process is known as Mine to Mill (MTM).The first stage of this optimization is blasting, in where micro fractures are induced in the rock, which will impact in subsequent downstream stages of mine production.
• Vasquez Coronado, P. P., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2016). Developing a context-based alert system for haulage cycle optimization. Mining Engineering Magazine. Official publication of the Society for Mining Engineering and Exploration, Inc., 68(02), 17-25.
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  In Open Pit mining, performance optimization of the loading cycle is a critical stage that needs to be controlled in detail. Production supervisors require detecting cycle times that are below performance standards. The present study proposes the design and implementation of a comprehensive alert system that can provide warning messages when any of the equipment units involved in production are idle or out of the desired operational limits.The parameters utilized for designing the system are based on pre-established Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) which set the baseline for taking further corrective actions. As a result of this design, the strategies for optimizing the haulage cycle model comprise a methodology which includes a built-in discrete-event simulator that helps production supervisors to analyze different scenarios for route design and queue analysis. Context-specific algorithms have been developed for identifying the least productive times of the fleet. These results are displayed every time a simulation routine is completed.The system is intended for implementation in subsequent stages of the production process, and the resulting improvement could impact mine planning and management as well. Actual topographic and drilling exploration data from an undisclosed mine were used to build a block model and to design an Open Pit; a simulation software was used to generate operating cycles that represent actual operations, referred as the “As-Is” model. After the Alert System is implemented, and adjustments were applied, a new simulation was performed taking into consideration these modifications. The resulting “To-Be” model is presented with a comparative analysis and statistical results.Key words: Haulage, KPI, Optimization, Productivity, Simulation
• Yung, N., Zhang, J., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2016). El impacto del Acido Hidroxámico sobre el ángulo de contacto de la Calcopirita - Impact of Hidroxamic Acid on the Contact Angle of Chalcopyrite. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 10(58), 88-90.
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  Chalcopyrite, the more important copper ore, is usually grinded and separated from other minerals considered impurities, such as silicates and pyrite, through a flotation process, in where the copper-carrying minerals adhere to air bubbles and float to the surface, leaving the gangue at the bottom of the flotation cell, which is later disposed as tailings.The efficiency of the flotation process depends mainly from the degree of hydrophobicity presented by the mineral surface, being the highest the process efficiency as the mineral surface presents a greater degree of hydrophobicity, which means a better adherence to the air bubbles. In this context, using collectors is vital for achieving a good efficiency in the flotation process, as they help to make more hydrophobic the mineral surface.This article shows the study of the performance of two reagents derived from hidroxamic acid as chalcopyrite collectors, analyzing their effect over the contact angle with the surface of the mineral, which is directly related with the degree of hydrophobicity of the mineral surface.
• Sanzana, A. M., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2015). Modelo de Costos para la Transición de Minas Superficiales a Subterráneas. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 9(53), 80-83.
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  First article of collaboration work of the "Latin America-UA Winter Research 2015" program which allowed to bring students of different disciplines from Chile to the University of Arizona during dos months of the Boreal Winter 2015. Research works in Mining Engineering and Metallurgy were praised due to its highly technical level.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2015). Intercambio Estudiantil: De Peru a Arizona - Student Exchange: From Peru to Arizona. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 9(50), 102-104.
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  Experiences of the first group of Peruvian students in Mining Engineering at the University of Arizona as part of the "100,000 Strong" program.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Vasquez, P. P. (2015). Intercambio Estudiantil: De Arizona al Peru - Student Exchange: From Arizona to Peru. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 9(51), 86-88.
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  Experiences of the first group of mining students from University of Arizona at PUCP in Peru as part of the "100,000 Strong" program.
• Ardito, J. A., Dessureault, S. D., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2014). Inteligencia de Negocios Aplicada al Analisis de Utilizacion de Agua en el Peru y el Sector Minero (parte 1) - Business Intelligence Applied to the Analysis of Water Utilization in Peru and the Mining Sector (part 1). TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 8(43), 42-44.
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  How Business Analysis tools can help interpreting public domain data sources, protracting them along with weather, population, and market demands.
• Ardito, J. A., Dessureault, S. D., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2014). Inteligencia de Negocios Aplicada al Analisis de Utilizacion de Agua en el Peru y el Sector Minero (parte 2) - Business Intelligence Applied to the Analysis of Water Utilization in Peru and the Mining Sector (part 2). TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 8(44), 46-49.
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  A topic of high public interest is the association of the utilization of water and mining projects. even though water consumption by mining operations and mineral processing is significantly less than other human activities, there is a totally different perception. Only the detailed analysis of the actual utilization of water and the sustainable actions taken in recent projects will help to clarify the discrepancies.
• Vasquez Coronado, P. P., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2014). Analisis de Sensibilidad para Determinar el Numero Optimo de Camiones - Sensitivity Analysis to Determine the Optimum Number of Trucks. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 8(48), 98-102.
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  The existing simulation programs for studying mining operations facilitate the design of production scenarios at different levels of detail, as required for the assessment of equipment performance. The practical example presented is based on the idealized model of an Open Pit mine, with operation parameters being adjusted after a comparative analysis against predefined Key Performance Indicators set for two particular operation conditions along the life of the mine: Initial Stage and Peak Production. Corrective actions are then applied on the model through a Discrete Event simulator. The objective is to define a methodology that allows production operators to set the strategies for optimizing the haulage process using the minimum required number of truck while achieving or exceeding the production goals.
• Vasquez Coronado, P. P., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2014). Desarrollo de un Sistema de Alerta para Detectar Condiciones Sub-estandar del Ciclo de Acarreo - Development of an Alert System for Detecting Sub-Standard Conditions of the Haulage Cycle. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 8(49), 58-62.
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  The concepts presented in the previous two articles (Ed. 47 and 48) comprise the baseline for the development of a methodology for the support of production in Open Pit mines utilizing discrete-event simulation models. With this article the Haulage Cycle Optimization trilogy is completed, describing the details of the design of the Alert System, and the parameters required for its performance and the validations of the obtained results.The methodology of the Alert System integrates procedures from Fleet Management Systems, Haulage Cycle definition, optimization calculations and adjustments according to the operation scenarios. The system allows to control the variability of performance indicators and helps to detect those parameters that are working out of the expected operating values. The first model, deployed in the initial phase of the production process, generates results that can be compared against predefined Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for each particular scenario under study, and which later will be adjusted for becoming the final optimized model.
• Vasquez Coronado, P. P., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2014). Modelos de Optimizacion del Ciclo de Carguio-Transporte-Acarreo Utilizando un Simulador de Eventos Discretos - Optimization Models of the Load-Haulage-Dump cycle using a Discrete-Event Simulator. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 8(47), 62-66.
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  Material haulage is one of the most critical and expensive stages in Open Pit mine production. A methodology focused on finding sub-par performances of truck-and-shovel combinations produces alert notices to the Production Supervisor enabling to apply adjustments in the process according to expected Key Performance Indicator values and measure the improvements achieved.
• Kahraman, M. M., Dessureault, S. D., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2013). Inversiones en la Industria Minera de Turquia (parte 1) - Investment in the Mining Industry of Turkey (part 1). TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 7(36), 80-81.
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  How the investment programs for mining in Turkey can be a model to follow for future project in South America.
• Kahraman, M. M., Dessureault, S. D., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2013). Inversiones en la Industria Minera de Turquia (parte 2) - Investment in the Mining Industry of Turkey (part 2). TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 7(37), 100-102.
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  How the "skills for dealing" are key for attracting investment for mining projects in emerging economies.
• Poulton, M. M., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2013). De Nanoescala a Terabytes (parte 1) - From Nanoscale to Terabytes (part 1). TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 7(41 02), 134-136.
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  Integrating interdisciplinary research in mining technology.
• Poulton, M. M., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2013). De Nanoescala a Terabytes (parte 2) - From Nanoscale to Terabytes (part 2). TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 7(42), 62-64.
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  The Lowell Institute of Mineral Resources (IMR) was created for covering the need for interdisciplinary research in mineral resources and to provide continuous education for professionals. Research projects range from fundamental geology to ethics and sustainable development.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2013). Lineas de Carrera en Ingenieria de Minas - Career Lines in Mining Engineering. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 7(39), 52-54.
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  The career of Mining Engineering, traditionally focused in ore extraction, has currently diverse specialties, ranging from production and mineral processing, to sustainable development. This opens a road of discovery of study alternatives, suited to the current market demands.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2013). Logrando Mejoras en Temas Energeticos y Minero-Metalurgicos - Achieving Improvement in Energy and Mining-Metallurgy. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 7(40), 68-73.
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  Highlights of the 6th International Industry Summit on Business Process Performance.
• Dessureault, S. D., Kahraman, M. M., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2012). Colaboración entre la Industria y la Investigacion - Collaboration between Industry and Research. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 6(29).
• Dessureault, S. D., Kahraman, M. M., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2012). Gerenciando Sistemas de Informacion en Operaciones Mineras - Managing Information Systems in Mine Operations. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 6(31), 62-64.
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  The fastness of current networking and connectivity technologies available and the instant demand of response from users is moving us to develop a solid database structure and have the proper analysis tools for better decision making. Managing Information Systems in mining operations is not far from these concepts and opens a broad spectrum of possibilities for data collection, building of information, acquisition of knowledge and create strategies for addressing the outcomes of such analysis for the benefit of productivity optimization and improvement of safety in the working environment.
• Dessureault, S. D., Kahraman, M. M., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2012). Metodos Innovadores para Reduccion de Costos en Mina - Innovative Methods for Cost Reduction at the Mine Site. TECNOLOGIA MINERA.
• Dessureault, S. D., Rojas, R. M., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2012). Implementación de una Sala de Control para Investigación de la Mejora de Productividad en Minas a Gran Escala - Deployment of a Control Room for Reseach in Productivity Optimization of Large-Scale Mines. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 6(34).
• Dessureault, S. D., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Kahraman, M. M. (2012). Tecnologías de Punta en MINExpo 2012 - Leading Edge Technologies at MINExpo 2012. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 6(35).
• Dessureault, S. D., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2011). Modelos de Centros de Investigacion para Tecnologia Minera - Models for Research Centers for Mine Technology. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 5(23).
• Dessureault, S. D., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2011). Sistemas Ligeros de Manejo de Flotas (parte 1) - Light Fleet Management Systems (part 1). TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 5(24).
• Dessureault, S. D., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2011). Sistemas Ligeros de Manejo de Flotas (parte 2) - Light Fleet Management Systems (part 2). TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 5(25).
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Dessureault, S. D. (2011). Supervision of Multiple Vehicles in Autonomous Surface Mines through a Control Room. Mining Engineering Magazine. Official publication of the Society for Mining Engineering and Exploration, Inc., 63(11), 80-86.
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  The implementation of autonomous technologies for production in surface mines demands changes in the existing monitoring and control systems. The present study deals with the concepts involved in the development of a decision support system (DSS) for the supervision of a combined fleet of manned and unmanned equipment operating in a surface mine. The project was carried out as part of an autonomous mining program that lasted from early 2006 until the end of 2008. The objective of the DSS was to achieve short-term planning goals while maintaining safe working conditions. Supervisory tasks become more complex when several autonomous vehicles operate simultaneously alongside manned equipment. The operation center where the DSS was installed allowed autonomous vehicle operations to be controlled while tracking technology reliability. Experiments performed on control display interfaces and interaction provided design parameters for more complex supervisory systems for autonomous mines.
• Dessureault, S. D., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2010). Desarrollo de Estrategias de Educacion para un Mejor Uso de la Tecnologia Informatica en Mineria - Development of Education Strategies for a Better Utilization of Information Technology in Mining. TECNOLOGIA MINERA, 4(21), 54-55.
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  After having discussed about the importance of suitable Information Technology tools for analysis of operations data, it is also true that more trained people are required for taking advantage of the potential provided by these technologies. Some specialized subjects such as Cost Estimation or the utilization of Immersive Simulators are gradually introduced in universities. Data Mining techniques are becoming more necessary and these can be provided through an applied coursework.
• Gutierrez, E. A., Dessureault, S. D., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2009). "Aplicacion de Mineria de Datos en el Proceso de Perforacion a Lixiviacion" (Application of Data Mining in the Drill-to-Leach Process).. Revista Mineria. No. 376, Año LVI. Instituto de Ingenieros de Minas., Year LVI(376), 18-22.
• Gutierrez, E. A., Dessureault, S. D., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2009). Aplicacion de Data Mining en el Proceso de Perforacion-a-Lixiviacion - Application of Data Mining through the Drill-to-Leach Process. Revista Mineria.
• Portugal, A., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2002). Una Experiencia Practica de la Aplicacion del Downhole Explorer en la Mina Atacocha. Mundo Minero.
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  Downhole Explorer was utilized for managing the Exploration drillholes at the Atacocha Mine Project. Includes the analysis of "La Pradera" orebody definition project.
• Chavez, P., Frias, O. E., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2001). Manteniendo Actualizado el Modelo Topográfico Subterraneo - Keeping Updated the Underground Topographic Model. El Ingeniero de Minas, 7(21).
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  Keeping Updated the Underground Topographic Model. Daily projects using Datamine and regular updates in the main model in Vulcan mine modeling software for the Atacocha Underground Zinc Mine - Pasco, Peru.

Proceedings Publications

• Brown Requist, K. W., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, Spring). Preprint 23-015 Infrared and Full-Spectrum Photographic Approach to Downhole Resource Estimation of Water Ice in Permanently Shaded Lunar Regolith.. In 2023 SME MineXchange. SME Annual Meeting, Feb. 26 – Mar 01, 2023, Denver, CO, 3.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Anani, A., Riley, D., Risso, M. ., Heath, G., Akbulut, N. B., & Werner, J. D. (2024, Spring). Preprint 24-069 Outlining a Roadmap for the Deployment of a Digital Twin System for the San Xavier Mine Laboratory. In 2024 SME MineXchange. SME Annual Meeting, Feb. 25 – Feb 28, 2024, Phoenix, AZ, 4.
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  Implementing a Digital Twin at the San Xavier Mine Laboratory (Sahuarita, AZ), requires a network redesign with a robust architecture. The goal is to create an ecosystem in where all personnel and equipment can be monitored in real-time from the University of Arizona campus, visualizing the site in a digital terrain model. A wireless mesh will help to test robots with autonomous features. Expected outcomes include data retrieval and analytics, the evolution of communications and safety protocols, tele-operation, and an innovated approach for managing the site with new supervision challenges. A timeline with expected commissioning benchmarks is also included. Keywords: Autonomous Equipment, Data Collection, Digital Twin, Internet of Things, Network-based, Systems Integration, Wireless Mesh
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Brown Requist, K. W., Hunt, M., Gill, G. S., Riley, W., & Downer, R. (2024, Spring). Preprint 24-026 Development of a Comprehensive Mine Plan Approach for the Extraction of Icy Regolith on the South Pole of the Moon using Surface Mine Modelling Software. In 2024 SME MineXchange. SME Annual Meeting, Feb. 25 – Feb 28, 2024, Phoenix, AZ, 4.
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  One of the first activities after returning to the Moon will be finding sources of water and materials for the construction of human settlements and other infrastructure. There is evidence of the existence of deposits in the bottom of craters at the South Polar region and in flat areas around. Based on geological data from the Moon, a block model representing a deposit or icy regolith has been defined in the vicinities of Shackleton Crater, with unique characteristics of shape, thickness, and water contents. A mine plan utilizing surface mine modeling software for ore extraction from an open pit-type of excavation to a delivery point near a water processing facility is proposed, with monthly, quarterly, and yearly schedules. Production results, dashboard charts and progress of the topographic changes are also presented.Keywords: Icy Regolith, Moon Mine Planning, Scheduling, Surface Mining, Water
• Mamani, Y. T., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2022, Spring). Preprint 22-023 Evaluation of the Safety Factor Under Static and Pseudo-Static Conditions for Slope Stability and Redesign of Mining Phases in an Open Pit Mine in the Southern Highlands of Peru. In 2022 SME MineXchange 2022, SME Annual Meeting Feb. 27 - Mar. 02, 2022, 1-4.
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  This research is the result of a geotechnical study carried out in a natural slope in an Open Pit mine in Southern Peru, highlighting earthquakes as an important cause of instability within the case study presented. This leads to analyze the stability of a slope, according to the safety factor and thus consider a future construction in its environment according to the identified requirements. There are known disasters at national and international level that involve human lives because of the lack of analysis of slope stability conditions, which based on the results will allow to control and to take adequate corrective measures. These mass movements are classified whether they are soils or rocks, considering the mechanism and type of rupture, as well as the presence of water, the speed and magnitude of the movement. The movement problems are due to factors of inherent nature and constitute a reason to perform a calculation study to analyze and estimate the safety factor of each of the evaluated cases.
• Pacheco Hague, K., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2022, Spring). Preprint 22-036 Configuration Layout of a Supervisory System for Underground Mining Operations based on 5G technology and Wireless Platform. In 2022 SME MineXchange 2022, SME Annual Meeting Feb. 27 - Mar. 02, 2022, 1-4.
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  ines are constantly trying to improve production processes by optimizing work cycles, reducing operational delays, minimizing costs, controlling equipment utilization, and preventing occupational hazards. Currently, advances in digital mining technologies within the concepts of 5G and Industrial Touch Internet are allowing better control and monitoring of underground mining equipment, with centralized control systems that unify data analysis for proper decision making. A wireless 5G-based platform for controlling and monitoring systems for underground mine operations can be designed over a comprehensive layout in where bandwidth selection, sensor location, Wi-Fi repeaters and power distribution are put together to build a successful supervisory system. In order to confirm the validation of theseconcepts, a case study is proposed for a medium-sized underground mine with a multi-level network which includes tablets managed by production supervisors, along with other data collection devices installed in semi-autonomous mining equipment, collecting, and distributing data in near-real time, with interconnection to support and services areas on the surface.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Galla, K., & Kingsbury, K. J. (2021, Spring). Preprint 21-042 Unit Operations in Pioneering Works for Mining on the Moon. In 2021 SME MineXchange, SME Annual Meeting Mar. 01 - 05, 2021, 1-3.
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  The time for thinking on mining operations on or underneath the surface of the Moon is coming closer that we expect. With the successful results of private launching of orbital space crafts, and the collection of samples from the Moon’s surface and from asteroids, the next step will be starting to deploy unmanned vehicles with equipment and supplies to the first lunar settlements just before humans begin to arrive. Mining will be one of the pioneering activities, and it will demand focusing on how to initiate operations, selecting the proper equipment and adjusting the experience from Earth into new working conditions, which include low gravity, high radiation, dust and extreme temperatures in unusual working shifts. Defining the unit operations for these primary works will be instrumental in the success of commissioning the first mining site on the Moon. This presentation will provide a first glance on the required actions to take and the preparation to consider right after landing there.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Kingsbury, K. J., Brown, K. W., Nickels, J. B., Nail, G. J., & Tolmachoff, D. J. (2022, Spring). Preprint 22-077 Ramp Design Fundamentals for the Excavation of Icy Regolith on the Moon. In 2022 SME MineXchange 2022, SME Annual Meeting Feb. 27 - Mar. 02, 2022, 1-4.
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  A major design feature to consider from the initial pioneering works until reaching full mine production of icy regolith at the South Pole of Moon will be the ramp. This will allow the access of equipment and personnel in and out of the excavation area. Although most of the requirements considered when designing a ramp on the Earth are similar, the fact of working in low gravity, with zero atmosphere, the potential exposure to high radiation, extreme temperature levels and drastic changes of illumination, from intense light to total darkness, are new factors to be included. Transversal sections are obtained according to the progression sequence of the production levels, with changes in length, gradient, friction factor of the terrain and curvature when required by the location characteristics and the specification of the equipment utilized. A MATLAB script was developed to calculate all the variables, in order to obtain 3D generated surfaces from the range of possible profiles
• Alsalhi, A., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Momayez, M., Heath, G., Werner, J. D., & Peters, M. P. (2020, Spring). Development of a Supervisory System for Monitoring Ventilation and Rock Displacement Data at San Xavier Mine Laboratory. In 2021 SME Annual Meeting & Expo (MineXchange 2021).
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Galla, K., & Kingsbury, K. J. (2020, July/Summer). Luna Mine Planning: A Hands-On Approach For Starting Mine Operations On The Moon. In Moon Development Conference 2020.
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  There is a major concern on how to start mining operations on the Moon once the settling activities are over. From the diverse mineral sources that are potentially available on the surface or underneath, one of the key materials that remain as the top interest for exploitation is water ice. Once target deposits are defined and geometric and quality characteristics are assessed, a production-oriented approach is proposed for a straightforward yet effective production cycle for extraction of the water ice. It is then transported away from its source to the destination location where further processing stages allow the production of rocket fuel and pure oxygen for human and industrial consumption. The proposed approach, Luna Mine Planning (LMPL) includes well-proven load-haul-dump techniques utilized in classic underground mining operations. These have been adapted to suite the specific conditions of a Lunar environment, which include: 28.5 Earth days per Lunar day, testing innovative equipment for extraction and transportation with autonomous features, facing the challenges of low gravity, extreme temperature changes, and supervised teleoperation. A case study is presented for a below-the surface deposit of solid water in the South region of the Moon.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Bandopadhay, S. (2015, May). Resource Estimation of an Off-Shore Platinum Deposit Using Sequential Gaussian Simulation. In 37th International Symposium of Applications of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry - APCOM 2015, 37, 837-854.
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  Ore grade estimation is one of the most challenging stages when mining off-shore deposits. Due to the unique nature of the formation of marine placer deposits, traditional geostatistical methods are limited in providing sound estimation results. A platinum deposit near Goodnews Bay, South-West of Alaska, was estimated utilizing a stochastic-based technique known as Sequential Gaussian Simulation, in order to represent values of variables that follow a normal distribution. Grades of samples were treated as continuous variables Data was previously transformed using a normal score transform. Results are presented and compared with a traditional estimation technique, the Inverse Distance Squared method. The area was divided in three clusters, based on the K-means method and geographical features. Also, Genetic Algorithm was used for appropriate data division. Both estimations produced similar results for various cut-off grades, being the highest tonnages of platinum between 200 and 400 mg/m3.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Bandopadhay, S., Misra, D., Naidu, S., & Kelley, J. (2015, May). Development of a Methodology Combining Clustering and Conditional Simulation for the Definition of Underwater Sampling Models. In 37th International Symposium of Applications of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry - APCOM 2015, 37, 872-888.
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  Underwater sampling provides a limited visualization of the distribution of platinum-rich minerals in marine placer deposits. By using clusters for partitioning sectors of the deposit, by grouping them by a common property, such as distance or other more elaborated algorithms, such as K-Means of Fuzzy Means clustering, it is possible to develop a methodology which provides adequate subdivisions of the deposit into more rational sub-sets. The application of Conditional Simulation for developing a spatial model that highlights the most relevant features of the deposit, assigns a more rational degree of confidence of the selected sets for resource estimation.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Bandopadhay, S., Misra, D., Naidu, S., & Kelley, J. (2015, May). Support Vector Machines Applied for Resource Estimation of Underwater Glacier-type Platinum Deposits. In 37th International Symposium of Applications of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry - APCOM 2015, 37, 889-902.
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  The utilization of traditional geostatistic estimation tools for underwater deposits poses the limitation of disproportionate area dispersion of samples and low grade values. The application of Support Vector Machines (SVM) as a non-linear inference approach makes possible to elaborate an estimation of mineral values with a reliable level of confidence, based on the input parameters. Results have been displayed and compared with Kriging and Inverse Distance Square estimations for comparison purposes. A platinum deposit near Goodnews Bay, South-West of Alaska, is used as a source model for applying the SVM method.
• Vasquez, P. P., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2015, May). Optimization of Open Pit Haulage Cycle Using a KPI Controlling Alert System and a Discrete-Event Operations Simulator. In 37th International Symposium of Applications of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry - APCOM 2015, 37, 837-854.
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  The loading cycle in an Open Pit mine is a critical stage in the production process that needs to be controlled in detail for performance optimization. A Comprehensive Alert System (CAS) was designed in order to notify supervisors of cycle times that are below the required performance standards. The system provides alert messages when one or several trucks are idle or the time of completing production tasks are offsetting from pre-established values. This alert is identified by the system and compared with context-specific Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in order to identify the least productive times of the fleet. The goal is to develop a methodology to help the production supervisor defining the strategies and corrective actions required for the optimization of the haulage cycle model. A discrete-event simulator has been built in order to analyse different scenarios for route design and queue analysis. The results are displayed in a customized dashboard every time the simulation has finished a complete shift or full-day sessions.This paper focuses on the optimization of haulage using the Alert System. However, the system is intended for implementation in subsequent stages of the production process, and the resulting improvement could impact mine planning and management as well. A simplified model of a hypothetical Open Pit mine was used to run a discrete-event simulation in order to generate operating cycles that represent actual operations (As-Is model). After the Alert System was implemented, operational settings were adjusted over trucks, shovels, crushers and routes, and a new simulation was performed following the recommended changes (To-Be model). Comparative analysis of productivity and statistical results of two different production stages are presented.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Dessureault, S. D. (2011, Sep). Assessment Model for Quantifiably Measuring the Impact of an Information-Based Decision Support System in a Coal Mine Integrated Remote Control Room. In 35th APCOM SYMPOSIUM / Wollongong, NSW, 24 - 30 September 2011.
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  The largest surface coal mine in North America requires complex materials handling infrastructure to fulfill the highly variable quality specifications of its contracts. These diverse demands, reflected in the arrival of numerous customer trains every day, necessitate the integration of information in every stage of production. To meet this goal, quality measurement, train line-up and mine planning processes are being integrated into local and remote control rooms. The effectiveness of such a system can only be measured by comparing decisions that are made with, and without, each of the individual integrated control systems. Traditionally, mine controllers use their experience, intuition or a variety of trial-and-error spreadsheets to determine the ideal materials handling flows needed to achieve the correct quality. These balanced decisions are complex since many factors must be considered such as the mine plan, fleet costs, quality variability and others; consequently mine controllers usually have widely varying success between crews.An evaluation model was developed to assess the impact of a decision support system (DSS) integrated in a control room for controlling the coal blending process. To this end, an ARENA-based simulator representing the whole production process can be used to pull performance and current materials handling settings directly either from the real-time systems in the mine, or from historical data. In this way, the same shift (breakdowns, cycle rates, etc) can be simulated and performance compared. Different settings of the DSS, in terms of what information is displayed and the methods for doing so, can be tested for effectiveness. The historical data are extracted directly from a corporate data warehouse, without altering the everyday working databases. At the same time, the simulator writes its results back into the same data warehouse structure, allowing the same KPI reports to be used to measure simulated shifts.
• Machuca-Mory, D. F., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Bandopadhyay, S. (2006, September). Assessment of the geostatistical uncertainty of the resources in a zinc skarn ore body. In VI International Symposium of Information Technology Applied to Mining, INFOMINA 2006.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Bandopadhyay, S. (2005, Oct). Controlling Efficiency and Production Goals in an Underground Mine. In MPES 2005 AND CAMI 2005, 1233-1248.

Presentations

• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, May/Summer). Herramientas y Técnicas Modernas de Control de Gestión (Modern Tools and Techniques for Management Control). Guest Lecture for the course "Control de Gestión" (Management Control). Online (Lima- Perú): Pontificia Universidad Católica delPerú (PUCP) - Facultad de Gestión y Alta Dirección.
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  Control de la GestiónCinco pasos para el Control de la Gestión:1. Establecer los Estándares de Rendimiento.2. El Rendimiento Real es comparado con el Rendimiento Planificado.3. La diferencia entre los dos es medida.4. Las causas que contribuyen a la diferencia  son identificadas.5. Acciones correctivas son tomadas para eliminar o minimizar las diferencias.Management ControlFive steps for Management Control:1. Establish Performance Standards.2. Actual Performance is compared with Planned Performance.3. The difference between the two is measured.4. The causes contributing to the difference are identified.5. Corrective actions are taken to eliminate or minimize the differences.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2024, Aug/Fall). Machine Learning en Minería (Machine Learning in Mining). III Cantera de Talentos para Minería (III Quarry of Talents for Mining). Online (Lima - Perú): Instituto de Ingenieros de Minas del Perú (IIMP).
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  Inauguración Programa Cantera de Talentos para la MineríaClausura: III Cantera de Talentos para la Minería - Jueves Minero IIMP - YouTube
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2024, July). How to Mine Icy Regolith combining a Slusher, a Hoist, and IoT Technologies in a Lunar Crater excavated in our own backyard.. 2024 Lunar Development Conference. Virtual: The Moon Society.
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  An International Moon Day event brought to you by ISRUtech Sweden ABSaturday July 20 and Sunday July 21The 2024 Lunar Development Conference (LDC2024) will bring together speakers from science, business, space policy, advocacy, and academia who will present their research and ideas for the human future of Luna. This years conference is a celebration of the 30th anniversary of Artemis Society International. Artemis Society International was the precursor of the Moon Society and an early initiative for resuming Human presence on the moon with the eventual goal of permanent settlement.Inevatibly, we will spend some time looking back at what plans were then and how they have developed since. Also unavoidable, we will be looking ahead on what will or might happen in the future and how the settlement of the moon, the solar system and beyond will evolve. But as exciting as both looking back on past glories and looking forward towards future opportunities are, the key aim of this years conference is to take stock and look at what can we do next. Two days packed with insights on the history and future of Lunar Development!This event is part of the Moon Society tradition of successful annual Lunar Development Conferences which have brought together hundreds of attendees and scores of speakers including CEOs, professors, business professionals, legal and policy experts, and a wide range of ideas and opinions. All sessions from from earlier LDCs, from 2020 and onwards, are available for on-demand viewing on the Moon Society YouTube channel.The 2024 Lunar Development Conference is organised by ISRUtech Sweden AB at Moonbase Lappträsk.Please contact Niklas Järvstråt (niklas@isru.tech) for more information.DetailsConference datesSaturday July 20 and Sunday July 21, 2024Call for papersThe call for papers is closed with all presentation slots filled.Times7.45am – 3.15pm Pacific Standard / 16:45 – 24:15 Central European time. (WorldTimeBuddy (worldtimebuddy.com) is an easy way to figure out times across multiple time zones.)FormatVirtual – Moon Society members will be emailed links to attend the conference along with complete instructions. Local events/watch parties may be arranged, please let us know if you are interested in attending or organising.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2024, May). DESCUBRIENDO LA INNOVACIÓN y su Importancia en la Ingeniería Minera Moderna
  (DISCOVERING INNOVATION and its Importance in Modern Mining Engineering). II Congreso Internacional de Minería FAIMIN 2024 (Second International Congress of Mining FAIMIN 2024). Huancayo, Peru (Virtual): Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú (UNCP) - Huancayo, Perú.
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  La industria minera juega un papel de gran relevancia en las actuales y futuras tendencias de la industria. Desde la búsqueda de nuevos minerales, pasando por el cambio de métodos de minado, incorporación de la robótica y la automatización de los equipos para producción, hasta la selección de minerales críticos y estratégicos. Esta tendencia está llevando a reformular los conocimientos y las estrategias requeridas para la búsqueda de nuevos yacimientos, y una nueva perspectiva de Seguridad Minera y Sostenibilidad, en donde las tecnologías de vanguardia, tales como la Realidad Virtual y Realidad Aumentada, Machine Learning, la Inteligencia Artificial y los Equipos Autónomos se ponen al servicio del Ingeniero de Minas del presente. Roles como el monitoreo en tiempo real, la Analítica de Datos y las prácticas mineras sostenibles representan los nuevos retos para los cuales hay que prepararse eligiendo las herramientas más adecuadas. Las técnicas mineras ecológicas, como soluciones de energía verde y reciclaje de agua, forman parte de los nuevos requerimientos para trabajar en una mina. Se explorarán también las tendencias emergentes, Casos Estudio de éxito y una introspección a las direcciones futuras de la minería moderna.The mining industry plays a significant role in current and future industrial trends. From the search for new minerals to changing mining methods, incorporating robotics, and automating production equipment, to selecting critical and strategic minerals, this trend is reshaping the knowledge and strategies required for discovering new deposits. A fresh perspective on Mining Safety and Sustainability is emerging, where cutting-edge technologies such as Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Autonomous Equipment serve today’s Mining Engineers. Roles like real-time monitoring, data analytics, and sustainable mining practices pose new challenges, demanding the selection of the most suitable tools. Ecological mining techniques, including green energy solutions and water recycling, are now part of the essential requirements for working in a mine. We will also explore emerging trends, successful case studies, and introspect on the future directions of modern mining. 🌐⛏️🌱
• Tenorio, V. (2024, April/Spring). Surface Mine Startup at the Lunar South Pole. University of Arizona Space Institute Symposium. ENR2 Building, Room S107: UASI.
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  Returning to the Moon represents many challenges. In addition to the harsh conditions given by the lack of atmosphere, dealing with 1/6th of the Earth’s gravity, extreme temperatures, unconventional length of daylight and darkness and direct exposure to radiation, we need to look after water and materials that would help us build the first permanent settlement for humans on the Lunar surface. The South Pole appears to be an attractive starting point for finding resources given the abundance of evidence of the presence of water in the form of icy regolith, and metals such as nickel and iron from the asteroids hitting the unprotected surface. Like the mining pioneers of our Earth’s history, we are becoming prospectors of undiscovered deposits of different materials, useful for foundations, spare parts and other infrastructure required for establishing our first Moon base. Mining plans should consider choosing the proper location of our startup site, define the work cycle, and design systems to efficiently process our run-off-mine material using our limited sources of energy through Solar Panels and Kilo Power devices. Even though much of the mine excavation can be controlled remotely and with specially designed autonomous equipment, human supervision is key to accomplish the production requirements for a successful mining operation.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, Apr-Spring). Techonology Developments. 2nd Annual SME Pittsburgh Section Spring Seminar Series. Online (Pittsburgh, PA): SME Pittsburgh Section.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, April/Spring). Avances Tecnológicos para la Minería en el Espacio (Technological Advancements for Space Mining). I Congreso Internacional de Gestión MInera Sostenible. Online (Lima - Perú): Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria (UNI) - Lima, Perú.
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  Dear friends,I am deeply honored by the appointment as president of the I International Congress on Sustainable Mining Management, to be held on April 12 and 13, 2023, at the Theater of the National University of Engineering (UNI).On this occasion, I am accompanied by a group of distinguished professionals who will present in person over two days, and it will be a great opportunity to exchange information, knowledge, and network. This first meeting has the motto "United for our Mining, the engine of the Peruvian economy."The event aims to analyze and discuss the different aspects that mining management offers for value generation in a modern industry, and is organized by the Postgraduate Unit of the Faculty of Geological, Mining, and Metallurgical Engineering of UNI and the University's Patronage.The conferences and panels will allow us to understand the importance and main characteristics of the mining sector, the technical stages of the business, and the actions that generate value for shareholders and society in general. In this sense, they will have an overview of the operational, economic-financial, legal, environmental, and social aspects.In the organizing committee, I am accompanied by Dr. Pablo López Chau, rector of UNI, and Dr. Santiago Valverde Espinoza, dean of the FIGMM UNI Faculty.On the other hand, the Advisory Committee is made up of personalities from the sector such as engineers Celso Sotomarino, Former Senator of the Republic; engineers Isaac Ríos, Emeritus Professor of UNI; James Valenzuela, General Manager of Resemin and Emeritus Professor at the Polytechnic University of Madrid; Tomás Gonzales, General Manager of Minera Cerro Verde; Edgardo Orderique, General Manager of MMG Minera Las Bambas; Javier del Río, Vice President of Hudbay Minerals; Marcelo Santillana, CEO of Minera Poderosa; and Joe Pezo, Vice President Service Sales Andean Area of Metso Peru, among other representatives of the Peruvian mining industry.The meeting seeks to be the space that integrates academia, the private sector, and the public sector. For these reasons, I am pleased to address you in order to extend my warm invitation to actively participate in this important meeting.We look forward to seeing you!Roque Benavides
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, Aug/Fall). Technologies at MGE. Visit of the South African Delegation. MGE: SMMR.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, Jul/Summer). Profile of the Modern Mining Enigneer (Summer Recruiters Session). MGE Recruitment Activities. UA Campus (MGE): SMMR.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, July). Conceptual Layout of a Supervisory System for Moon Mine Production Monitoring and Data Analytics. 2023 Lunar Development Conference. Virtual: The Moon Society.
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  “Short-term needs and Long-term goals” The Moon Society’s Lunar Development Conference 2023 – Brought to you by Moonbase Lappträsk Foundation and Lunar HomesteadThe 2023 Lunar Development Conference (LDC) will bring together speakers from science, business, space policy, advocacy, and academia who will present their research and ideas for the human future of Luna. The theme for this year’s conference is “Short-term needs and Long-term goals”. What do we need to do and develop NOW to get Lunar settlement moving forward? And what kinds of Lunar settlements do we want to see in the future?This event will follow up on our successful 2020, 2021, and 2022 Lunar Development Conferences which brought together over three hundred attendees and over sixty speakers including CEOs, professors, business professionals, legal and policy experts, and a wide range of ideas and opinions. All sessions from the 2020, 2021, and 2022 LDCs are available for on-demand viewing on our YouTube channel.The organizers for the 2023 Lunar Development Conference are Niklas Jarvstrat (Conference Organizer), founder of the Moonbase Lappträsk Foundation and Ben Smith (Scientific Program Chair), founder of Lunar Homestead.Victor Tenorio Bio - The Moon Society
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, Jun/Summer). Machine Learning en Minería (Machine Learning in Mining). II Cantera de Talentos para Minería (II Quarry of Talents for Mining). Online (Lima - Perú): Instituto de Ingenieros de Minas del Perú (IIMP).
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, June/Summer). Mining on the Moon: An Earth-bound Miner's Perspective (updated April 2023). SME Pinal Mountain Section Meeting. Bullion Plaza Cultural Center & Museum, 150 N Plaza Cir. Miami, AZ: SME Pinal Mountain Section.
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  With the recent restart of the missions to the Moon and the latest developments in spaceship technologies, the idea of developing Lunar human settlements in a short period of time is becoming more feasible.  One of the first things to do after landing is finding in-situ resources that could provide construction materials, minerals and metals for industrialization, and water found in the craters of the South Pole region. Pioneering mine operations on the Lunar surface will face diverse challenges, from working at zero atmosphere, low gravity, drastic changes of temperature, exposure to radiation, and unconventional work cycles. Our experience of working and living in remote camps and our input from our Earth-bound experience with mining equipment will help manufacturers to create innovative equipment to be utilized under these extreme conditions. This presentation will provide an overview of the steps to follow for starting off-World mine operations successfully.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, June/Summer). Unit Operations in Pioneering Works for Mining on the Moon. Intelligent Mining: Innovation, Vision, and Value. Rapid City, SD: SME APCOM.
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  Obtaining mineral resources and water out of our planet is critical for a sustained presence of humans in Space. Mining the Lunar surface is becoming feasible. With the successful launch of private orbital spacecraft, the next step will be deploying autonomous and tele-operated equipment. Pioneering operations will be the primary activity upon arrival. Moon miners must adapt their Earth-bound expertise into unconventional conditions: low gravity, high radiation, dust, and drastic temperature changes. Defining unit operations will be instrumental in the success of commissioning the first off-the-Earth mine site.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, Oct/Fall). Mining on the Moon 101 (updated). MNE 296A Mineral Resource Engineering Topics. MGE (Mines 225).
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, October/Fall). Métodos de Minado para la Luna y Asteroides. Mes de la Aeronáutica y del Espacio. Virtual (Chile): Colegio de Ingenieros de Chile.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, Spring). Mining On The Moon: An Earth-Bound Miner's Perspective (updated 2023). SME Maricopa Section monthly meeting. Holiday Inn Airport North - Phoenix: SME Maricopa Section.
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  Abstract: With the recent restart of the missions to the Moon and the latest developments in spaceship technologies, the idea of developing Lunar human settlements in a short period of time is becoming more feasible.  One of the first things to do after landing is finding in-situ resources that could provide construction materials, minerals and metals for industrialization, and water found in the craters of the South Pole region. Pioneering mine operations on the Lunar surface will face diverse challenges, from working at zero atmosphere, low gravity, drastic changes of temperature, exposure to radiation, and unconventional work cycles. Our experience of working and living in remote camps and our input from our Earth-bound experience with mining equipment will help manufacturers to create innovative equipment to be utilized under these extreme conditions. This presentation will provide an overview of the steps to follow for starting off-World mine operations successfully. 
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2022, Fall). Technical Trends in the Mining Industry. Hexagon Regional Mining Forum 2022. Hexagon Offices - Tucson, AZ: Hexagon Mining.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2022, Fall). Transformación Digital para la Minería 4.0 en el Perú y el Mundo (Digital Transformation for Mining 4.0 in Peru and the Rest of the World). II Congreso Minero de Cajamarca (COMINCAX). Zoom conference (Cajamarca, Peru): COMINCAX Internacional.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2022, Fall). ¿Cómo puede la industria minera avanzar hacia la aplicación de la ciencia de datos para la toma de decisiones? (How can the Mining Industry advance towards the application of Data Science for Decision Making?). III Foro Internacional - Transformación Digital y Nueva Minería en Latinoamérica. Zoom (Lima, Perú): Escuela Global.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2022, Summer). Principios de Machine Learning y su Aplicación en Proyectos Mineros (Machine Learning Principles and its Application in Mining Projects). II Foro Internacional - Transformación Digital y Nueva Minería en Latinoamérica. Zoom (Lima, Perú): Escuela Global.
• Alsalhi, A., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Momayez, M., Heath, G., Werner, J. D., & Peters, M. P. (2020, Spring). Development of a Supervisory System for Monitoring Ventilation and Rock Displacement Data at San Xavier Mine Laboratory. 2020 SME Annual Meeting & Expo (MineXchange 2020). Phoenix Convention Center: SME.
• Campos, P., Aguilera, C., Saavedra, M., Momayez, M., & Risso, N. (2020, February). Increasing Safety Using IoT-Based Solutions for Mine Tailings Monitoring. 2020 SME Arizona Conference.
• Campos, P., Aguilera, C., Saavedra, M., Momayez, M., & Risso, N. (2020, February). Increasing Safety Using Iot-Based Solutions for Mine Tailings Monitoring. 2020 SME Arizona Conference.
• Jia, J., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2020, Spring). Monitoring Underground Rock Stability Using Finite Element Analysis. 2020 SME Annual Meeting & Expo (MineXchange 2020). Phoenix Convention Center: SME.
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  To ensure the stability of underground space, the stress and the strain (displacement) of surrounding rock needs systematic monitoring. This paper proposes a finite element analysis solution. In order to achieve this goal, the stability of rock requires a detailed analysis, and as a result, the excavation methods may require modifications or even changes if the existing conditions give evidence to be unstable. Taking one underground space at the San Xavier Mine Laboratory in Tucson, AZ as a case study, the mechanical and physical parameters were tested, and the simulation models built, then the stability of this mine site was calculated and analyzed. The obtained results can provide valuable advices for the design of future expansion projects, and contribute with key information for the safety for operators.
• Pacheco Hague, K., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2020, Spring). Performance Optimization in Underground Mining Combining Strategic Development and Wireless Technologies. 2020 SME Annual Meeting & Expo (MineXchange 2020). Phoenix Convention Center: SME.
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  Currently there is a trend to maximize the productivity of underground operations by implementing diverse technologies. However, the difference between manufacturers and the purpose of their functions becomes a major challenge for a smooth integration. At the same time, the design of excavations may need modifications when the demand for production increases, and changes in development are required. The combination of strategic design and the utilization of new wireless technologies may represent a significant improvement in the effort of optimizing the overall performance. A proposed solution for implementing a mine plan that includes near-real time performance measurements, the integration of diverse production areas and the analysis of results is presented to obtain measurable outcomes and help reducing operational delays while increasing safety for operators.
• Palomino, O. L., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2020, Spring). Strategic Scheduling for Thin Seam Mining Using Smart Equipment. 2020 SME Annual Meeting & Expo (MineXchange 2020). Phoenix Convention Center: SME.
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  The extraction of thin seam deposits faces several challenges due to the level of accuracy needed in order to cut layers of reduced thickness, which has a direct impact in the reserves, dilution control, blending and therefore in the final economic results of the operation. This becomes more critical when seams are less than 40 cm. of thickness. A strategy based on the deployment of smart equipment, which includes autonomous scrapers coupled with high precision continuous surfer mining machines and drones for surveying, along with modern statistic tools, provides a range of multiple scenarios with different levels of certainty. The proposed assembly can help optimizing the haulage route and therefore increase the control of operations, thus maximizing the ore grade reliability. A case study with a test route presents the production system, the utilization of a stochastic model, a route optimization algorithm, and the results for optimization using actual field data.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2020, September/Fall). Modelo de Sala de Control para Supervision Centralizada de Plantas Concentradoras y de Lixiviacion (Model of a Control Room for Centralized Supervision of Concentrator Plants and Leach Pads). PROCESSMIN 2020. Lima, Peru (Virtual): Grupo Digamma S.A..
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  The advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the availability of a new generation of data transmission (5G), more powerful Wi-Fi services and the empowerment of IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) is opening a path for new developments in digital mining, which are by extension applied to the supervision of concentrator plants and leach pads. The integration of digital sources allows operators to make better decisions in real-time, with a more tactical visualization for the development of a more solid strategy for operating with less variability, maximizing the utilization of assets, and provide a safer environment for plant workers. A selection of proven technologies available in the market and successful case studies are also presented.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2020, Summer). Mining on the Moon: An Earth-bound Miner's Perspective. LPL C 2020. University of Arizona: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory.
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  Minerals on the Moon are essential for construction, manufacturing, and the production of fuel and oxygen. A quick-start guide for pioneering works at the first mining sites is presented.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Kemeny, J. M., & Galla, K. N. (2020, Spring). Development of Mining-Related Coursework Based on the Gained Experience in Space Exploration. 2020 SME MineXchange. Phoenix Convention Center: SME.
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  The University Of Arizona has been involved in almost every space mission by NASA since the beginning of the Space Program. Starting with charts for the Moon Landing Projects, Telescope observations, remote monitoring of landing probes and high resolution imaging of planetary bodies, contributed to develop the architecture of advanced technologies for new habitats, data collection, remote monitoring, materials handling in low gravity environments, In-Situ Resource Utilization, are motivated to this date, by the upcoming rock sample to be retrieved by the spacecraft Osiris-Rex from asteroid Bennu, which is setting a milestone in the history of Space Exploration. The Mining and Geological Engineering Department is planning to develop a pioneering set of courses in order to incorporate all the gained expertise and drive it into a production-oriented coursework, which will provide to our future graduates the opportunity to actively participate in the first steps in ore production at Off-The-Earth (OTE) sites, with the challenges of distance, gravity, equipment design, life sustaining facilities, and transportation of minerals required by this undiscovered extension of the mining activity.
• Wang, H., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2020, Spring). Scheduling Optimization of Trackless Equipment in Underground Mine based on Genetic Algorithm. 2020 SME Annual Meeting & Expo (MineXchange 2020). Phoenix Convention Center: SME.
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  This paper presents an algorithm for optimizing the scheduling the trackless equipment in underground mines. The input of this method is the number and capacity of the trackless equipment, the production process, ore amount in stopes, and the distance between stopes. With the shortest working time and the shortest working interval as the goal, the genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem, and finally the optimal working sequence and the optimal equipment configuration sequence are obtained. The algorithm is verified by four scenes of 5 faces 5 cycles, 5 faces 15 cycles, 10 faces 10 cycles and 10 faces 30 cycles. The solution time of the algorithm is no more than 20 minutes, which is acceptable in practical application. The results show that the 10 faces 30 cycles scene is closer to the actual production of the mines, and the optimization model can effectively improve the operation efficiency. In this scenario, the robustness of the optimization results under equipment failure conditions is simulated. Under the condition of 8% failure rate, the operation time is extended by 1%-12% than expected, which has strong robustness. The algorithm can quickly provide a feasible and effective solution for production scheduling decision of trackless equipment in underground mines.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Palomino, O. L. (2019, Spring). Stepping Stones for Implementing Data-Intensive Analysis in Modern Mining. 2019 SME Annual Conference & Expo. Colorado Convention Center, Denver, CO: SME.
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  Mining in present times is facing challenges that go beyond productivity goals, safety, and environmental considerations, all this in a context of economic sensitivity and market fluctuations, which in turn affect the expected financial results of a project. The implementation of new technologies appear to be a new trend in the industry, announced as a long-awaited aid for controlling risk and performance variability in complex operations. Many of these technologies are by themselves innovative and undeniably effective in their own niches, however when an integrated solution is implemented at the site, some systems may not talk smoothly to others. This paper presents a fresh perspective of how to start a comprehensive solution in modern mines, covering the newly available technologies and the scope of their capabilities. A step-by-step roadmap is provided to help project managers to choose the suitable technology to implement for their magnitude of operations, all this while complying with the requirements of maximizing production, controlling productivity of assets, thus keeping the continuity of operations and reaching the highest standards for safety and eco-friendliness.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Maguina, J. (2018, February). Application of Backfill in the Design of Open-Pit Mining Phases. 2018 SME Annual Conference & Expo. Minneapolis, MN: SME.
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  The load-haul-dump cycle in Open Pit mining represents one of the most critical sources of cost. Trying to reduce this cost becomes an opportunity for adding value to the operation. Occupying haulage routes with fully loaded trucks may have a significant impact in the overall cost, especially when the material hauled is waste. Planning the mining phases always considers locating the stocks / pads considerably away from the Open Pit, similarly with what occurs with the dumping sites. In the former, it cannot be easy to relocate the ore discharge points, whereas in the latter, the location of the waste areas is determined at the beginning of the phase design, considering that the pioneering phases are typically for removing and dumping overburden. The cycles for waste and ore haulage, when defining a backfill area close to the pit, can decrease significantly, thus increasing the overall cycle throughput by up to 50%. In addition, because of the lower slopes (by the nature of the design), this value (50%) is susceptible to be increased by adjusting the speeds for fully loaded trucks. This reduction in cost would have a positive impact in the NPV of the project.
• Felli, P., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2017, February). Integrated Uncertainty and Risk-Informed Decision Making Framework: Using Key Risk Drivers for Optimizing the Mine Plan. 2017 SME Annual Conference & Expo. Denver, CO: SME.
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  In the process of developing a strategic mine plan for large-scale open pit mines during times of operating and financial uncertainty, an approach that combines systems engineering processes and decision theories which emphasize the proper use of risk analysis is required in order to alleviate the impact on project success. This study provides an understanding of how uncertainty and risk are leveraged for effective strategic decision- making. Motivation for this research is drawn from recent discourses on approaches to combine Risk informed decision-making has successfully been applied in industries such as space exploration, nuclear engineering, safety engineering.The key assumption underlying this model is that open pit strategic mine planning and design can be modelled as a complex distributed organization; where each organization has its own unique objectives. Full value is only realized when all unique sub-organization’s objectives are realized. Key risk drivers, or variables that have a profound interest on the success or failure of the project is identified and analyzed for each sub unit.For simplicity, the set of risk drivers are classified into key focus areas pertinent to strategic mine planning and design namely; block modeling, ultimate pit design, pit optimization, push back design, production scheduling and optimization etc…Each of these groups of risk drivers are then analyzed based on six key categories: objectives, preparation, execution, environment, resilience and results.
• Felli, P., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2016, February). An Integrated Uncertainty and Risk-Informed Decision-Making Framework for Open Pit Strategic Mine Planning. 2016 SME Annual Conference & Expo. Phoenix Convention Center, Phoenix, AZ: SME.
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  Mine planning is the heart of open pit operations. It is the strategy to follow in order to maximize the profitability of operations in a given time frame, with adequate equipment and personnel, constrained by geological, economic, and environmental factors. The lack of a holistic understanding of the complexities in mine planning may obstruct the process of getting the permitting approval; and as a consequence, production startup and the generation of expected value for shareholders could be adversely impacted. The goal of this study is to incorporate uncertainty and risk analysis into mine planning in creating value by adopting a top-down systemic risk management approach in a distributed environment. Using a framework for categorizing key risk drivers, the mine planning tasks are grouped with this major objective. The critical drivers affecting the achievement of these objectives are then identified, until all the sub-sections work collaboratively. Risk-informed decision making principles are applied in a collaborative manner for direction-setting in the selection of the optimal mine planning options.
• Sanzana, A. M., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2016, February). Strategic Decisions based on the Cost Model Analysis for Mines Transitioning from Surface to Underground. 2016 SME Annual Conference & Expo. Phoenix Convention Center, Phoenix, AZ: SME.
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  There is a current trend in transitioning from Open-Pit (OP) to Underground (UG) mines, as it becomes more difficult to find new, easily accessible ore deposits. It is necessary to find a method that will assure the optimum extraction of deeper and more complex orebodies and extend the life of the mine. In addition, there is the economic incentive of reducing the extraction cost per unit of ore. Several major OP-to-UG transition projects were compared in function of ore production for both methods, stripping ratio for the OP stage, and type of access to the deposit for the UG stage. Cost charts of every stage are presented and applied in a case study, providing a guide for making strategic decisions in the transition process.
• Vasquez, P. P., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2016, February). Optimization Model of the Load-Haul-Dump Cycle using a Discrete-Event Simulator. 2016 SME Annual Conference & Expo. Phoenix Convention Center, Phoenix, AZ: SME.
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  The mining industry, as many other production activities, is always in search of new solutions for the optimization of its processes in order to achieve a sustainable operation flow. Improving safety for operators and maximize the utilization of equipment assets when facing the cost variability and fluctuation of commodity prices has become a priority for the majority of operations around the world. This paper explores the most recent advancements in information technology that were occurring in the field of surface mine production, helping to centralize, integrate and analyze operational data. As a result, a Discrete-Event simulator has been developed as a specially designed tool for maximizing the utilization of equipment, safety of operators, and productivity increase. The application combines the supervisory features of production monitoring with an analysis of delays.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Dessureault, S. D. (2015, Feb). Development of a Context-Based Simulator with Self-Generated Scenarios of Large-Scale Production Mines. 2015 SME Annual Conference & Expo. Denver, CO: SME.
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  Keeping high productivity in large-scale mines poses a complex task that requires special controlling and monitoring tools for displaying key information that help supervisors make the right decisions in order to achieve the planned production and quality goals. Simulation models have traditionally been used at a high-level for long-term decisions where complex details can be omitted since the simulation model is run over a long timeline and multiple runs, such as during the development and testing of a materials handling design. However, at a tactical level, where decisions need to be modeled in the current shift, complex details and subtle changes can make a significant difference. Simulation at a tactical level has not been feasible since too many details and variances cannot be programmed into a model fast or accurate enough to create the accurate context. A near-real-time data warehouse is an information system that absorbs and integrates data from multiple systems into a single context through a minimal delay, possibly minutes. However, an auto-generating simulation system that uses the complex subtle details of the current or past system contained in a data warehouse was created for use in a decision support system. Its development began with a detailed systems analysis wherein the key modeling units, namely location, conveyor network, truck cycles, and a host of other variables were organized into object-information/process pairs that could be replicated and connected. The core challenges in design and execution of such a system are further explored. The uniqueness of this feature helped to expand the capabilities of the simulator for analyzing multiple operating scenarios.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Sanzana, A. M. (2015, December). Analysis of the Impact in Throughput in the Transition from Surface to Underground Mining. VII International Mining Industry Summit on Business Process Improvement. JW Marriott Starr Pass, Tucson, AZ: BPI Summit (SME).
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  The decision for transitioning an Open Pit mine to an Underground method is driven by factors that aim to reduce the operation cost while adjusting the processes in compliance with the new production demands. Measuring the overall performance requires an innovative approach. A strategy for tracking the impact of the change of methods has been developed based on historical outcomes of mines in where the transition represented a major restructuring in operator training, extraction equipment, unit operations and safety procedures. Comparative charts of key factors involved in the transitioning and the resulting performances provide a comprehensive overview of the analysis.
• Dessureault, S. D., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2014, Feb). Modeling a Decision Support System Based on Operators’ Performance Using a Discrete-Event Simulator. 2014 SME Annual Meeting & Exhibit. Salt Lake City, UT: SME.
• Dessureault, S. D., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2013, Aug). Preparedness of Mining Companies for Robotics: Success Cases and Challenges for the Future. IV Symposium of Information Technology, Communications, Automation and Robotics (TICAR). Marriott Hotel Miraflores - Lima, Peru: Sociedad Nacional de Minería.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Dessureault, S. D. (2013, Mar). Measuring Blending Variability on Large Scale Coal Mines using an Operations Simulator. 2013 SME Annual Meeting & Exhibit. Colorado Convention Center - Denver, CO: SME.
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  Coal operations in large scale mines require a complex production infrastructure in order to attend the demand of their customers. One key factor is to provide the right value of BTU for each contractual requirement. This accuracy is affected by several factors that are difficult to identify. After analyzing the processes that are involved in the definition of the quality of the coal delivered, a simulator that reproduces every step of the production process has been developed. Data from past production cycles can be retrieved from the corporate Data Warehouse and historical performance can be reproduced. The results can be used for analyzing history or for creating what-if scenarios to help operators decide what adjustments are required according to specific key performance indicators displayed during each simulation. A probability cloud of standard deviations is generated to help measure the variability of the BTU delivered, providing a practical methodology for analysis and settings adjustments applicable in present-time operations.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Dessureault, S. D. (2013, May). Blending Control using a Centralized Decisions Support System in Large Scale Operations. 6th International Industry Summit on Mining Performance (BPI). Pittsburgh, PA: 6th International Industry Summit on Mining Performance (BPI).
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Dessureault, S. D. (2012, Mar). Developing a Centralized Real-time Decision Support System for Coal Blending. 2012 SME Annual Meeting & Exhibit. Seattle, WA: SME.
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  Coal quality in the blending process of large scale opencast mines is directly associated to the response time of operators when adjusting critical settings. Delivering coal with a specific BTU value to the loading facilities involves monitoring the variability of coal samples along the production process, instantaneous loading and crushing rates, maximum capacities, and truck locking using a fleet management system. Decisions include adjustments in crusher capacity settings, circuit selection, storage space utilization and an adequate combination of trucks and shovels to follow the mine plan. A centralized system built in a remote control room integrates the real-time display of these elements and allows the operator to take decisions using a simulator that provides diverse possible scenarios. Crew performance is recorded and utilized to score them in function of the coal quality results to the values required for each arriving train, providing an opportunity to collect best practices from the highest scoring teams.This paper presents the decision support screens to provide assistance to operators on a real-time scenario, and the resulting coal quality after changing settings.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Dessureault, S. D. (2012, October). Development of a Control Room for Supervision of Autonomous Trucks in Surface Mining. Automining 2012. Vina del Mar, Chile: Gecamin.
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  3rd. International Congress on Automation in the Mining Industry.ABSTRACTAn open pit mine using autonomous trucks represents a working environment different from traditional surface operations. While the attention of operators is focused on higher productivity and performance measurement, safety requirements for personnel and vehicles interacting with autonomous equipment in the same working area become more rigorous. A holistic perception of operations is required while keeping levels of performance monitoring and safety adequate for the success of operations. By centralizing the supervisory systems in a control room, situation awareness increases and response times to unexpected events can be reduced considerably. Designing such a control room includes ergonomic elements that stimulate levels of perception of operators, and facilitate interaction and communications with other operators in the same building. Implementation of real-time image visualization devices and proximity sensors in the autonomous vehicles goes along with enhanced communications networks and a centralized database system that is capable of recording all relevant events for analysis and improvement. Using fully featured operation simulators and business analysis tools contribute to expand the capabilities of the implementation by studying several possible scenarios and improve decision options during time-critical situations.The Mine Intelligence Research Group in the Mining and Geological Engineering Department at The University of Arizona focuses on technologies and engineering process changes for supervising open pit mines that can be used with autonomous equipment in production-related activities. This research program focuses in developing tools and techniques for defining the new roles of operators and supervisors in autonomous production, and the integration of information from diverse sources for display in the control room for decision support. A fully operational prototype has been implemented in the research laboratory for the integration of strategic information and remote monitoring of operations in real time. The goal is maintaining continuity while minimizing the variability of production processes.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Basko, T. (2011, May). Testing the Effectiveness of a Control Room for Coal Blending. 5th International Industry Summit on Mining Performance (BPI). Rapid City, SD: 5th International Industry Summit on Mining Performance (BPI).
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Dessureault, S. D. (2011, Mar). Assessing the Effectiveness of a Decision Support System for Blending Control in Large Scale Coal Mine Operations. 2011 SME Annual Meeting & Exhibit. Colorado Convention Center - Denver, CO: SME.
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  Blending and Load Out are critical processes in large-scale opencast coal mines that require strategic decisions in order to minimize variability given the time constraints while loading train cars and the restrictions applied by contractual specifications. In this paper, a supervisory system with decision support features is proposed to provide the operator with a holisticperspective of the complexities of blending and load out processes while keeping the flow of operations.Each module of the system corresponds to the areas involved in these processes, with diverse data sources integrated in a Data Warehouse. These modules provide real-time information for making decisions that will impact the overall production results, balancing between maximizing profits, keepingcosts down and utilizing the existing infrastructure in full, while adhering to the mine plan. The proposed supervisory system design is built in a control room along with fleet management and plant control for comprehensive monitoring of operations and information exchange between areas. The effectiveness of a prototype system is shown after being tested with actual production data.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Dessureault, S. D. (2010, Nov). A Model-Based Decision Support System for Supervision of Coal Blending and Load-Out Processes. INFORMS. Austin, TX: INFORMS.
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  A decision support system is designed and implemented in the largestcoal mine in North America, to supervise operations and achieve coalquality requirements while maximizing benefits. Operators can adjustparameters to reduce the risk of production variability, blending andshipping processes. Simulators and 5 algorithms take into account keydecisions such as; real-time pit-grade assay reconciliation andmining costs, planned train quality valuation and the cost ofover/undermining pits.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Dessureault, S. D. (2010, Sep). Supervision y Monitoreo de Multiples Vehículos Autonomos en Operaciones a Cielo Abierto - Supervision and Monitoring of Multiple Autonomous Vehicles in an Open Pit Mine. INFOMINA. Lima Sheraton Hotel - Lima, Peru: Instituto de Ingenieros de Minas del Peru (IIMP).
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  La incorporacion y puesta en marcha de camiones autonomos para produccion en mineria superficial exige cambios en los sistemas existentes de supervision y control. El presente trabajo trata sobre los conceptos involucrados en el desarrollo de un sistema de soporte a las decisiones para la supervision de una flota combinada de camiones y cargadores frontales con operador y camiones autonomos en una mina a cielo abierto. El proyecto fue realizado como parte de un programa de explotacion minera con equipos autonomos que duro desde de principios de 2006 hasta finales de 2008. Los procedimientos de seguridad son revisados y adaptados a las nuevas tecnologias incluidas en la operacion. El objetivo del sistema de supervision es alcanzar metas a corto plazo del planeamiento mientras se mantienen condiciones de trabajo seguras. Las tareas de coordinacion se van haciendo mas complejas cuando mas vehículos estan funcionando simultaneamente. El diseno del sistema propuesto tiene por finalidad presentar informacion critica en tiempo real al supervisor a fin de que este pueda modificar los parametros de operacion y ajustar los resultados finales de produccion para acercarlos al plan original de minado.

Poster Presentations

• Camara, S., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2019, December). Interdependency Between Swing Angle and Swing/Return Times for Increasing Dragline Productivity. SME AZ Conference 2019. J.W. Marriott Starr Pass, Tucson, AZ: SME Tucson Section.
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  The performance and productivity of draglines depend on several parameters such as pit geometry, stripping layout, and type of deposit (e.g., placer mining, coal overburden, phosphates), being the latter the parameter that controls dragline operations in a more specific way. An operation applied in placer mines is not necessarily the same than a coal overburden site or to another placer mine with different geological properties. The parameter that changes in function of the geological type of deposit and controls dragline operations is the swing angle. Even though it is not possible to predict geological changes during production, it is possible to make a reasonable estimation of the required swing angle by developing a simulation model based on dragline manufacturing parameters. The main objective of this poster is to show how to statistically estimate the optimum swing angle and its interdependency with swing times and return times for increasing the performance and productivity of a dragline in any type of deposits.
• Pacheco Hague, K., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2019, Spring). Application of Paste Fill Technology in an Underground Mine and its Benefits in Mine Production and Environmental Protection. 2019 SME Annual Conference & Expo. Colorado Convention Center, Denver, CO: SME.
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  Between 95 and 98% of the material extracted from a mine is waste in the form of fragmented rock or tailings. This material needs to be relocated in a safe manner, by a technically feasible process, adequate technologies and environmental requirements at a viable cost. At present, mines involving using tailings for backfilling must meet the criteria of "zero discharge", optimizing space utilization, and the adequate disposal of chemical agents. The technology of thickened tailings and paste fill is a relatively new and proven method, which has a high rate of water recovery, uses the tailings almost in its entirety, and with the addition of aggregates can reinstate the initial structural characteristics after the ore is exploited. It is even possible to incorporate residues from other processes in the paste fill mixture, such as ashes, with the appropriate granulometry.
• Palomino, O. L., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2018, December / Fall). Continuous Surface Miner Applied into Cutting Inclined Beds. SME AZ Conference 2018. JW Marriott Tucson Starr Pass Resort & Spa: SME Tucson Section.
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  By 2016, Cementos Pacasmayo S.A. (CPSAA) completed the start-up phase of a new cement processing plant in Piura, Perú. To operate its new Virrilá open cast, CPSAA hired mining contractor Minera San Martín S.A. (SM) who utilized a conventional method for the extraction of sedimentary deposits of calcareous layers. By the beginning of 2017, the El Niño phenomenon destroyed almost 14 kilometers of the connecting route between the processing plant and the Virrilá open cast. Under such circumstances, CPSAA took the right of modifying the contract with SM, leaving them less critical tasks, and requested its own Mine Department to look for an alternative and cheaper mining method.
• Risso, N., Risso, N., Palomino, O. L., Palomino, O. L., Momayez, M., Momayez, M., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Risso, N., Palomino, O. L., Momayez, M., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2018, December / Fall). Smart Mines. SME AZ Conference 2018. JW Marriott Tucson Starr Pass Resort & Spa: SME Tucson Section.
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  Nowadays, society is facing the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution, characterized by a fusion and integration of technologies. Notions associated to this paradigm include the Industrial Internet of Things (iIoT) and Smart manufacturing technologies, which carry the promise of improved safety and productivity, within a sustainable and integrated framework. These notions are consistently being incorporated in the development of “smart cities”, or cities that aim to be more efficient, sustainable, equitable and livable. This idea is extended in the minerals industry to the concept of smart mine. A smart mine should integrate the physical and IT infrastructures, to the social and business dimensions, in order to leverage its intelligence and achieve a more sustainable and profitable process. But to what extent does the mining industry catch up with these ideas, and what is currently missing? In this work, we formalize the notion of smart mines and provide a brief survey on the current advances existing in the industry, which lead to the implementation of a smart mine. We link ideas from smart cities to potential applications in the minerals industry which may allow for safer and more efficient production. Additionally, we provide a brief discussion on the impacts and challenges associated to the incorporation of these new technological advancements to different areas in the mining industry. Finally, we identify as main impacts of the implementation of smart mines: (1) a shifting in maintenance and dynamic allocations of resources, towards automated and intelligent supply systems; (2) an increase in the use of biosensors integrated to intelligent infrastructure, to achieve safer work environments; (3) the consolidation of autonomous technologies and tele-operation for working in harsh environments and remote locations; (4) an evolution of the decision-making process based on the tactical visualization of critical information; and (5) the development of new management structures and regulations which can provide safety and guarantee confidentiality in accordance to the use of these new technologies.
• Yang, S., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Momayez, M., Gravley, S., & Werner, J. D. (2018, September). Study on Pressure Waves Propagation in an Underground Mine. MEI2018 Conference & Expo. Las Vegas, NV.: Mining & Exploration International.
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  The pressure wave is a kind of elastic wave that exists in mass flow. When pressure is changed, a positive or negative wave occurs, and spreads far away. The speed of the pressure wave is related to gas density, pressure, and temperature. Usually, the speed of the pressure wave is roughly equal to the speed of sound (340m/s). Survey of the pressure wave can be used to estimate the location of any pressure wave event, such as pipe crack or pipe burst. The pressure wave also exists in ventilation systems for underground mines, where it can be used to estimate the air door status and special events, such as methane outburst, local fan’s status and gas explosion. Although the pressure wave is difficult to measure, it is very necessary to detect it, find the source of its occurrence, trace any possible spreading, and measure its impact in the ventilation system.
• Carpio, J. M., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Momayez, M., & Gravley, S. (2016, March). Shaft and Hoisting System Operational Analysis at San Xavier Mine Lab. 2016 Latin America-UA Winter Program. University of Arizona: OLAPI.
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  Hoisting systems and shafts are vital components of underground mines for transporting personnel, equipment and supplies to the working levels, and to bring up to the surface the valuable minerals extracted. Safe and efficient functioning of mine shafts are critical to all underground operations. This research deals with the design specifications and functional analysis of a hoisting system operating in a vertical shaft at the San Xavier Mining Laboratory (SX) in Sahuarita, AZ. A simulation of the hoisting cycle is also. This system has important features such as SafeHoist® autonomous system, a Lily Overspeed Hoist Controller and a skip monitoring system along of the shaft. These components enable a closer examination at the depth where vibration peaks are occurring and activate the safety brakes. It is essential to reduce damages in the hoisting system before major repairs and equipment replacement are required.
• Diaz, N. B., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Momayez, M., & Gravley, S. (2016, March). Design of a refuge station for rail-mounted mining equipment. 2016 Latin America-UA Winter Program. University of Arizona: OLAPI.
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  Mining provides the building block for human development. Minerals and metals are key to all services and infrastructure that are used by contemporary society (i.e., shelter, food and water supply, energy supply, transportation, manufacturing and health). As the size of population growth, coupled with ongoing requirements in the developed world, the demand for minerals and metals becomes stronger. In this regard, research into the area must be aimed at finding and developing new mines as well as dealing with the new challenges facing it. One of these challenges is the important trend that are pushing mining companies to take a look at underground operations, despite the cost advantages of surface. The design of a chamber that will work as a refuge station for parking rail-mounted mining equipment is required. Two mine cars and a pneumatic mucker will be parked inside, allowing space for maneuvering. Some simplification in terms of rock strength and faults is acceptable. It will be included a typical work cycle for a hypothetical production plan for the stope. The case will be modeled using 3D software.
• Gravley, S., Momayez, M., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Diaz, N. B. (2016, March). Design of a refuge station for rail-mounted mining equipment. 2016 Latin America-UA Winter Program. University of Arizona: OLAPI.
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  Mining provides the building block for human development. Minerals and metals are key to all services and infrastructure that are used by contemporary society (i.e., shelter, food and water supply, energy supply, transportation, manufacturing and health). As the size of population growth, coupled with ongoing requirements in the developed world, the demand for minerals and metals becomes stronger. In this regard, research into the area must be aimed at finding and developing new mines as well as dealing with the new challenges facing it. One of these challenges is the important trend that are pushing mining companies to take a look at underground operations, despite the cost advantages of surface. The design of a chamber that will work as a refuge station for parking rail-mounted mining equipment is required. Two mine cars and a pneumatic mucker will be parked inside, allowing space for maneuvering. Some simplification in terms of rock strength and faults is acceptable. It will be included a typical work cycle for a hypothetical production plan for the stope. The case will be modeled using 3D software.
• Figueiredo dos Santos, J., Momayez, M., Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., & Lowell, G. D. (2015, Summer). Updating the 3D model of San Xavier Mine Laboratory using Point Cloud. 2015 UA-Latin America Summer Research Program. Mining and Geological Engineering Department: OLAPI.
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  The mining industry can take advantage of new technologies that help to achieve production goals and provide safety to operators and equipment. Surveying is an essential task, required for controlling the advancement of excavations with accuracy. 3D laser scanning is a powerful tool that collects accurate data by measuring multiple distances creating a cloud of points, and assembling them to produce a realistic image with volumetric properties and provide an enhanced visualization of topographical attributes following the actual shape of the mine. For updating the historical San Xavier Underground Mine, a I-Site 4400 scanner was utilized to create a complete spatial model.The objectives are:• Updating the topographical features of the existing 3D model of the San Xavier Mine; • Measure the volumes of all excavations;• Prepare the layout for merging with the Geological model.
• Sanzana, A. M., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2015, March). Cost Model for Transition from Surface to Underground. 2015 Latin America-UA Winter Research Program. University of Arizona: OLAPI.
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  There are multiple reasons for transitioning from Open-Pit (OP) to Underground (UG) mining. The primary economic incentive for going UG is that the cost per unit of ore from OP mining eventually exceeds that from UG extraction. This is due to the excessive amount of waste that must be extracted when the depth of the pit increases. In addition, the reduced footprint of UG operations contributes to diminish the environmental impact on the surface. Furthermore, it becomes more difficult to find new, easily accessible ore deposits. Then, a cost model helps to guide strategic decisions in the transition from OP-to-UG mines.
• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Kahraman, M., & Dessureault, S. D. (2011, March). Implementation of an Integrated Real-Time Command and Control Center for Automated Blending and Load-Out in High-Scale Coal Mine Operations. 2011 SME Annual Meeting & Exhibit. Denver, CO: SME.
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  Some of the largest coal deposits in the world are found in the Powder River Basin region of Wyoming. The high levels in one of the region’s largest opencast coal mines demand a complex infrastructure that works virtually every day of the year to comply with contracts of different blending specifications. The arrival of train convoys on a short notice schedule also reduces the flexibility required to change blending settings. A control room is proposed for the integration of the information flow and to minimize the deviation of the delivered target quality. Real-time supervision of operations ensures compliance with mine plans while allowing the lowest fleet operating costs to be identified. This will provide decision makers with adequate judgment tools to keep performance levels in sync with the mine plan. Historical data is extracted and stored into data warehouses for further analysis. Just as several scenarios can be generated in a simulator with diverse operating settings, the impacts of decisions made by mine operators can also be tested and mathematically measured. The effectiveness of the integrated supervisory system in controlling the variability of high production mining operations that could be justified by comparing performance during simulation with actual historical results.

Reviews

• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023. Research on the Positioning Accuracy of the Cutting Head of a Tunneling Machine Based on Ultra-Wideband Positioning Technology(p. 14).
• Park, S., Jung, D., Choi, Y., & Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023. Prediction of Ore Production in a Limestone Underground Mine by Combining Machine Learning and Discrete Event Simulation Techniques(p. 830). Minerals 2023, 13(6).
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  This study proposes a novel approach for enhancing the productivity of mining haulage systems by developing a hybrid model that combines machine learning (ML) and discrete event simulation (DES) techniques to predict ore production. This study utilized time data collected from a limestone underground mine using tablet computers and Bluetooth beacons for 15 weeks. The collected data were used to train an ML model to predict truck cycle time, and the support vector regression with particle swarm optimization (PSO–SVM) model demonstrated the best performance. The PSO–SVM model accurately predicted cycle time with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.79 min, mean squared error (MSE) of 14.29 min2, root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.79 min, and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.68. The output of the ML model was linked to the DES model to predict ore production for each truck, section, and time period. Verification of the DES model demonstrated its ability to accurately simulate the haulage system in the study area by comparing production logs with the simulation results. This study’s novel approach offers a new method for predicting ore production and determining the optimal equipment combination for each workplace, thus enhancing productivity in mining haulage systems.Keywords: discrete event simulation; machine learning; ore production; hybrid model; underground mine
• Tsai, M., Chan, H., & Liu, L. (2020. Conversation-Based School Building Inspection Support System(p. 14).
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  A conversation-based system is proposed for supporting assessors in performing existing school building inspections. School building safety is a pressing issue; however, some difficulties in the overall process require solutions or improvements, including the complexity of building inspection tasks, the restrictions posed by the paperwork process, and the ineffectiveness of the management of existing school building inspections. In this study, we developed a conversation-based building inspection support system to reduce such problems, with the proposed system notifying and guiding assessors to complete building inspections, combined with a dashboard for managers to consume reports to determine whether further assessments or retrofits are required. The process of school building inspections was digitalized, with a chatbot implemented that features notifications either according to a routine inspection schedule or postseismic events, a conversation-based interface for guiding nonprofessional assessors, the integration of intuitive activation of inspections after receiving notifications, the use of multimedia to show damage directly without the possibility of mistakes, and data visualization for supporting managerial decision-making to enhance the quality and accuracy of budget allocation. View Full-TextKeywords: conversation-based; building inspection; computer-aided maintenance; chatbot; conversational agent; data visualization; decision support; human–computer interaction

Case Studies

• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O., Andreu, M., Olmos, C., Lopez, P., Brown Requist, K. W., Risso, M. ., Tolmachoff, D., Gill, G., Momayez, M., & Thangavelautham, J. (2022. Durability Demonstration Test Plan(p. 15).
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   During the production stages of the durability test, the mining cycle consists of the simulated regolith excavation in the extraction point and transportation to the delivery point.

Others

• Tenorio Gutierrez, V. O. (2023, May). Mesa Redonda para el I Congreso Internacional de Minería FAIMIN 2023 (Round Table for the First International Congress of Mining FAIMIN 2023). I Congreso Internacional de Minería FAIMIN 2023 (First International Congress of Mining FAIMIN 2023).
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  Perfil del Ingeniero de Minas (Profile of the Mining Engineer)