Bridget S Murphy

Interests

Teaching

Substance use, misuse, and addiction and related mental health and infectious disease issues.

Research

Issues associated with substance use, misuse, and addiction and related mental health and infectious disease issues. Intervention research in prevention, harm reduction, treatment, and recovery.

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Chapters

• Stevens, S. J., Hasler, J., Murphy, B. S., Murphy, B. S., Taylor, R., Senior, M., Barron, M. L., Garcia, P., & Powis, Z. (2014). La Canada Adolescent Treatment Program: Addressing Issues of Drug Use, Gender, and Trauma. In Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment in the United States Exemplary Models from a National Evaluation Study. Taylor and Francis. doi:10.4324/9781315821344-18
• Stevens, S. J., Hasler, J., Murphy, B. S., Taylor, R., Senior, M., Barron, M., Garcia, P., & Powis, Z. (2003). La Cañada adolescent treatment program: Addressing issues of drug use, gender and trauma.. In Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment in the United States. Binghampton, NY: The Haworth Press.
• Stevens, S. J., Arbiter, N., Mullen, R., & Murphy, B. S. (1996). Substance abuse treatment for adolescents using a modified therapeutic community mode;. In Intervening with Drug Involved Youth. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Journals/Publications

• Nuno, V. L., Wertheim, B. C., Murphy, B. S., Glasser, H. N., Wahl, R. A., & Roe, D. J. (2020).

  The Online Nurtured Heart Approach to Parenting: A Randomized Study to Improve ADHD Behaviors in Children Ages 6-8.

  . Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry,, 20(1), 169 - 186. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/EHPP-D-20-00013
• Nuno, V. L., Wertheim, B. C., Murphy, B. S., Glasser, H. N., Wahl, R. A., & Roe, D. J. (2020). The Online Nurtured Heart Approach to Parenting: A Randomized Study to Improve ADHD Behaviors in Children Ages 6-8.. Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry,, 20(1), 169 - 186. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/EHPP-D-20-00013
• Nuno, V. L., Wertheim, B. C., Murphy, B. S., Wahl, R. A., & Roe, D. (2019). Testing the efficacy of the Nurtured Heart Approach to reduce ADHD symptoms in children by training parents: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 13, 1-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2018.100312
• Murphy, B. S., Branson, C. E., Francis, J., Vaughn, G. C., Greene, A., Kingwood, N., & Adjei, G. A. (2014). Integrating adolescent substance abuse treatment with HIV services: evidence-based models and baseline descriptions. Journal of evidence-based social work, 11(5), 445-59. doi:10.1080/15433714.2012.760968
  More info

  Adolescents with substance use disorders are at high risk for contracting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Adolescence is the period of sexual maturation that compounds the issues associated with infection transmission for this risk-taking group. Integrated treatment models for implementing HIV education, counseling, and testing is a promising approach. This study describes four substance abuse treatment programs of varying levels of care that integrated HIV services for adolescents. Additionally, the evidence-based substance abuse treatment and HIV models are discussed and the baseline characteristics presented. The authors provide a discussion and offer recommendations for service implementation and additional research.
• Murphy, B. S., Korchmaros, J. D., Greene, A., & Hedges, K. (2011). Evidence-based substance abuse treatment for adolescents: Engagement and outcomes. Evidence-based substance abuse treatment for adolescents: Engagement and outcomes, 23(4), 215-233. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09503153.2011.597207
• Murphy, B. S., Hedges, K., Greene, A., Arnold, S., Colonna, H., Stevens, S. J., Andrade, R. A., & O’Neill, S. (2009). School and community counseling collaboration: A promising approach to address youth substance abuse. School Counseling Research and Practice, 1, 10.
• Murphy, B. S., Stevens, S. J., Furhiman, J., Bogart, J., & Korchmaros, J. D. (2009). A juvenile drug court model in southern Arizona: Substance abuse, delinquency, and sexual risk outcomes by gender and race/ethnicity. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 48(5), 416-438. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10509670902979637
• Stevens, S. J., Andrade, R. A., & Ruiz, B. S. (2009). Women and substance abuse: gender, age, and cultural considerations. Journal of ethnicity in substance abuse, 8(3), 341-58. doi:10.1080/15332640903110542
  More info

  Historically, data has shown that a smaller percentage of women use alcohol and illicit substances compared to men, and that frequency of use has been lower among women compared to use among men. Although this data on usage may be true, researchers also acknowledge that substance use among women has been a hidden issue, one not realistically acknowledged by society, especially prior to the mid-1960s. Along with this, more recent data indicates that rates of substance use among women are increasing. Factors contributing to this increase in substance abuse have begun to receive considerable attention, and recent research suggests that many issues exist that are unique to substance use among women. The purpose of this article is to discuss gender specific considerations in women's substance abuse by examining the history of substance use among women; analyzing gender-specific factors, including physiological factors, trauma-related factors, mental health issues, and cultural considerations that impact on women's substance use; articulating treatment approaches for working with substance abusing women and girls; and providing recommendations for further research in this area.
• Cousins, J. C., Bootzin, R. R., Stevens, S. J., Ruiz, B. S., & Haynes, P. L. (2007). Parental involvement, psychological distress, and sleep: a preliminary examination in sleep-disturbed adolescents with a history of substance abuse. Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 21(1), 104-13. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.21.1.104
  More info

  The relationships between family environment and psychological distress and between psychological distress and sleep disturbance in adolescents are well established. However, less is known about the influence of family environment on sleep disturbance. The authors' goal is to examine the effects of parental involvement on psychological distress and sleep disturbance in 34 adolescents with a history of substance abuse. Linear regression techniques and confidence intervals were used to test the significance of mediation analyses. Lower levels of parental involvement were associated with higher levels of psychological distress, and higher levels of psychological distress were associated with lower sleep efficiency and more time spent in bed. Follow-up analyses found that higher levels of parental involvement were associated with earlier morning arising times, when controlling for psychological distress. These data indicate that psychological distress is important to consider when examining the relationship between parental involvement and sleep in adolescents.
• Stevens, S. J., Schwebel, R., & Murphy, B. S. (2007). Seven Challenges: An effective treatment for adolescents with co-occurring substance abuse and mental health problems.. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 7(3), 21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1300/J160v07n03_03
• Stevens, S., Haynes, P. L., Ruiz, B., & Bootzin, R. R. (2007). Effects of a behavioral sleep medicine intervention on trauma symptoms in adolescents recently treated for substance abuse. Substance Abuse, 28(2), 21-31. doi:10.1300/J465v28n02_04
  More info

  This study tested whether improvement in sleep by an integrative, behavioral sleep intervention was associated with improvement in traumatic stress (TS) symptoms in a sample of 20 adolescents who were recently treated for substance abuse. Sleep was measured throughout the intervention via daily sleep diaries, and traumatic stress symptoms were assessed by the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) at baseline, post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention, and 12-months post-intervention. Individuals with more time in bed and more total sleep time at the beginning of the intervention had more improvement in TS symptom trajectories across the intervention and at the 12-month follow-up assessment. Interaction trends also emerged indicating that adolescents who, throughout the sleep intervention, went to bed later and fell asleep faster had greater improvements in TS symptoms over time. Overall, these results indicate that stimulus control, a therapy that encourages patients to attempt sleep only when they are sleepy, may be particularly helpful for adolescents with TS symptoms, sleep disturbances, and substance abuse histories.
• Stevens, S. J., Murphy, B. S., Bracamonte-Wiggs, C., & Shea, M. (2006). Intensive home-based treatment for children and adolescents: A promising alternative to residential and hospital care. Child and Family Behavior Therapy Journal, 28(4), 39-58. doi:10.1300/J019v28n04_03
• Murphy, B. S., Stevens, S. J., McKnight, K., Godley, S., & Shane, P. (2005). Treatment issues and outcomes for juvenile justice involved youth from rural and nonrural areas. The Prison Journal, 85(1), 97-121. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885504274295
• Rosser, R., Stevens, S. J., & Murphy, B. S. (2005). Cognitive marker of adolescent risk taking: A correlate of drug abuse in at-risk individuals. The Prison Journal,, 85(1), 83-96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885504274292
• Stevens, S. J., Estrada, B., Murphy, B. S., McKnight, K. M., & Tims, F. (2004). Gender differences in substance use, mental health, and criminal justice involvement of adolescents at treatment entry and at three, six, twelve and thirty month follow-up. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 36(1), 13-25. doi:10.1080/02791072.2004.10399720
  More info

  Many adolescents entering substance abuse treatment have coexisting mental health problems and are criminally involved. Examination of the complexities of substance use, mental health, and criminal justice involvement along with changes in these issues following treatment is needed. This study includes 941 males and 266 females enrolled in seven drug treatment programs located in geographically diverse areas of the United States. Comparisons between males and females at treatment entry and three, six, 12 and 30 months later were examined with regard to substance use, mental health, and criminal justice involvement. Results indicate that females showed significantly greater severity in substance use, problems associated with use, and mental health related variables at intake while males had significantly more days on probation/parole. With respect to change over time, the rate of change in mental health and days on probation/parole differed between the sexes. Results indicate that while rate of change is different for males and females on most variables, there was positive change following treatment for both groups with regard to substance use, mental health, and probation/parole status. The high severity levels of females at intake calls for gender-specific outreach and identification along with gender-specific treatments.
• Stevens, S. J., Murphy, B. S., & McKnight, K. (2003). Traumatic stress and gender differences in relationship to substance abuse, mental health, physical health, and HIV risk behavior in a sample of adolescents enrolled in drug treatment. Child maltreatment, 8(1), 46-57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559502239611
  More info

  Research on traumatic stress (TS) among adolescent substance users is limited, with research indicating that not all adolescents who experience trauma are substance users and not all adolescent substance users report symptoms of TS. In the general adolescent population, research on TS symptoms indicates gender differences, with more females reporting traumatic life events and more symptoms associated with traumatic stress. A gap in research exists, however, with regard to gender differences among adolescent substance users who report low versus acute levels of TS symptoms. This study included 274 male and 104 female adolescents enrolled in four drug treatment programs in Arizona. Comparisons between males and females and those with low versus acute levels of TS symptoms were examined with regard to substance use, mental health, physical health, and HIV risk-taking behavior. Results indicate significant differences between males and females and between those reporting low versus acute TS. In general, females and those with acute levels of TS symptoms had higher levels of substance use, mental health, and physical health problems as well as greater HIV risk behaviors when compared to males and those with low levels of TS symptoms. Results of this study indicate the need to assess adolescents for TS, including victimization and maltreatment histories, when entering substance abuse treatment and the need to simultaneously address issues of substance use, TS, and related mental health, physical health, and HIV sex risk behavior while in treatment.
• Murphy, B. S., Stevens, S. J., McGrath, R., Wexler, H., & Reardon, D. (1998). Women and violence: A different look. Drugs and Society, 13(1/2), 131-144. doi:https://doi.org/10.1300/J023v13n01_08

Others

• Murphy, B. S. (2020, May). Improving staff effectiveness, efficiency, and knowledge of health information exchange. Arizona State University.