Carol B Schwalbe

Interests

Teaching

Writing and editing for newspapers, magazines, and books; multimedia journalism; science and environmental journalism

Research

Role of images in shaping ideas and public opinion during the early years of the Cold War; ethical concerns about publishing tragic and violent images; visual framing of war on the Internet and in print; ; visual gatekeeping; role of the news media in advancing government accountability

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Books

• Green, S., Lodato, M., Schwalbe, C. B., & Silcock, B. W. (2016). News Now : Visual Storytelling in the Digital Age (2-downloads). Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315663432
• Schwalbe, C. B., Green, S. C., Lodato, M., & Silcock, B. W. (2011). News Now! Visual Storytelling in the Digital Age. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Chapters

• Hudson, B., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2019). Social Scientific Approaches to Studying the Magazine Form. In The Handbook of Magazine Studies. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
• Schwalbe, C. B., Keith, S., & Silcock, B. W. (2018). Researching the Framing of Still and Moving Images Across Media Platforms: Challenges and opportunities. In Doing News Framing Analysis 2: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives(pp 221–246). New York: Routledge.
• Schwalbe, C. B., Silcock, B. W., & Candello, E. (2017). "Visual Gatechecking: A new model for classic gatekeeping theory". In Photojournalism and Citizen Journalism: Co-operation, Collaboration and Connectivity. New York: Routledge.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2015). "Infographics and Interactivity: A Nexus of Magazine Art and Science". In In David Abrahamson & Marcia Prior-Miller (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Magazine Research: The Future of the Magazine Form. New York: Routledge.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2012). "Taking It to the Websphere: Best Practices for Online Companion Sites for Your Classroom". In Teaching With Multimedia: Pedagogy in the Websphere. Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton Press.

Journals/Publications

• Mace, M., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2020). "From Robots to Humans: Newspaper Coverage of Mars in the United States and the United Kingdom 2011–2016". Journalism Studies, 21(13), 1913–1932. doi:0.1080/1461670X.2020.1799238
• Schwalbe, C. B., Relly, J. E., Cruikshank, S. A., & Schwalbe, E. H. (2019). "Human Security as a Conceptual Framework: The Case of Palestinian Journalists". Journalism Studies, 20(13), 1920-1939. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2018.1543555
• Relly, J. E., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2016). "How Business Interests Shaped the U.S. Freedom of Information Act: An Examination of 50 Years of Congressional Testimony". Government Information Quarterly.
• Schwalbe, C. B., & Dougherty, S. (2015). "Visual Coverage of the 2006 Lebanon War: Framing Conflict in Three U.S. News Magazines". Media, War & Conflict.
• Schwalbe, C. B., Silcock, B. W., & Candello, E. (2015). "Gatecheckers at the Visual News Stream: A New Model for Classic Gatekeeping Theory". Journalism Practice.
• Sumner, D., Sternadori, M., Schwalbe, C. B., Rhodes, L., & Endres, K. (2015). Academic Agility and Collegial Conversations: The Past, Present and Future of the Journal of Magazine & New Media Research. Journal of Magazine Media, 16(1). doi:10.1353/jmm.2015.0005
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2014). "Seeking Greater Insight". Your American West.
• Relly, J. E., Schwalbe, C. B., & Relly, J. E. (2013). Watchdog journalism: India's three largest English-language newspapers and the Right to Information Act. Asian Journal of Communication, 23(3), 284-301. doi:10.1080/01292986.2012.729149
  More info

  India's Right to Information Act (RTIA) has been described as one of the strongest laws in the world for access to public information. The preamble spells out its promise to expose government corruption. Given that the Indian news media is the largest in the world and has a storied history of unearthing public corruption, this exploratory study employed the normative theory of the monitorial role of the news media to examine the extent that the RTIA was used to uncover government corruption. This content analysis examined a census of 221 articles published in India's three largest English-language newspapers in the period after the RTIA was adopted in October 2005 and then five years later. Slightly more than 80% of the articles referencing corruption fell into four thematic categories: progress on implementing the law, public education about the legislation, the watchdog role of activists and other non-journalists, and a brief mention of the RTIA. During this period the English-language dailies reported ...
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2013). "Visually Framing the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq in TIME, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report". International Journal of Communication, 7, 239-262.
• Schwalbe, C. B., Cuillier, D., Cuillier, D., Schwalbe, C. B., Cuillier, D., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2013). "Ethics Pedagogy 2.0: A Content Analysis of Award-Winning Media Ethics Exercises". Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 28(3), 175-188.
• Relly, J. E., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2012). "Watchdog Journalism: India's Three Largest English-Language Newspapers and the Right to Information Act". Asian Journal of Communication, 23(3), 284-301.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2012). "Encourage Young Scholars". Journal of Magazine & New Media Research, 11(2).
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2012). Editor’s Reflection: Encourage Young Scholars. Journal of Magazine Media, 13(2). doi:10.1353/jmm.2012.0000
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2011). "Celebrate the Power". Journal of Magazine & New Media Research, 11(2).
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2011). Editor’s Reflection: Celebrate the Power. Journal of Magazine Media, 12(2). doi:10.1353/jmm.2011.0000
• Cuillier, D., Schwalbe, C. B., Schwalbe, C. B., Schwalbe, C. B., Cuillier, D., Cuillier, D., Schwalbe, C. B., Cuillier, D., Schwalbe, C. B., & Cuillier, D. (2010). "GIFTed Teaching: A Content Analysis of 253 Great Ideas for Teaching Awards in Journalism and Mass Communication Education". Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 65(1), 22-39.
• Keith, S., Schwalbe, C. B., & Silcock, B. W. (2010). "Comparing War Images Across Media Platforms: Methodological Challenges for Content Analysis". Media, War & Conflict, 3(1), 87-98.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2010). "Finishability: An Antidote for Information Overload". Journal of Magazine & New Media Research, 11(2).
• Schwalbe, C. B., & Keith, S. (2010). "Women and Visual Depictions of the U.S.- Iraq War in Print and Online Media". Visual Communication Quarterly, 17(1), 4-17.
  More info

  Lead article
• Schwalbe, C. B., Curran, A., Grubb, M., Hallaq, T., & Stark, C. (2010). "Weaving a Plan for Webcasting in Higher Education". Journal of Media Education, 1(3), 52-53.
• Cuillier, D., Schwalbe, C. B., Schwalbe, C. B., & Cuillier, D. (2009). "10 Years of Great Ideas: A Summary of 253 GIFTs and 10 Tips for Creating Your Own Terrific Teaching Tools". The Community College Journalist, 37(3), 62-66.
• Keith, S., Schwalbe, C. B., & Silcock, B. W. (2009). "Visualizing Cross-Media Coverage: Picturing War Across Platforms During the U.S.-Led Invasion of Iraq". Atlantic Journal of Communication, 17(1), 1-18.
  More info

  Lead article
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2009). "Leveraging the Digital Media Habits of the Millennials: Strategies for Teaching Journalism Courses". Southwestern Mass Communication Journal, 25(1), 53-68.
• Schwalbe, C. B., Silcock, B. W., & Keith, S. (2008). "Visual Framing of the Early Weeks of the U.S.-Led Invasion of Iraq: Applying the Master War Narrative to Electronic and Print Images". Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(3), 448-465.
  More info

  One of the top two journals in the field
• Silcock, B. W., Schwalbe, C. B., & Keith, S. (2008). "'Secret' Casualties: Images of Injury and Death in the Iraq War Across Media Platforms". Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 23(1), 36-50.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2007). Diversity Snapshot: How to Ease Students into Writing about Diversity with Skill and Sensibility. The Community College Journalist, 35(2), 52-53.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2006). Images in Ethics Codes in an Era of Violence and Tragedy. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 21(4), 245-264.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2006). Images of Brutality: The Portrayal of U.S. Racial Violence in News Photographs Published Overseas (1957-1963). American Journalism, 23(4), 93-116.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2006). Remembering Our Shared Past: Visually Framing the Iraq War on U.S. News Websites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(1), 264-289.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2005). Jacqueline Kennedy and Cold War Propaganda. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49(1), 111-127.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2005). Student Self-Evaluation: Know Thy Writing Strengths and Weaknesses: How to Help Students Assess Improvement in Their Writing Skills. The Community College Journalist, 32(2 & 3), 41-43.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2004). Embedded Images: The Framing of the First Visuals of the U.S. War in Iraq: A Content Analysis of Television, Internet, Newspaper, and Magazine Coverage. Southwestern Mass Communication Journal, 19(2), 61-72.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2004). The Language of the Senses: How to Use Your Five Senses to Add Color and Detail to Feature Stories. The Community College Journalist, 31/32(4/1), 51-52.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2003). The Way It Is: A Student Zine: How to Intergrate Content and Technology in an Online Journalism Class. The Community College Journalist, 31(2), 45-46.

Presentations

• Wellars, B., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2017, Summer). "Influence of Foreign News Programs on the International News Agenda of Rwandan Television and Newspapers". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Chicago: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
• Hermawan, A., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2016, Summer 2016). "Framing the 2014 Indonesian Presidential Candidates in Newspapers and on Twitter". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Minneapolis: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2016, Summer 2016). "Pairs and Squares: Engaging all students in class discussions". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Minneapolis: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2015, Summer 2015). "Framing Still and Moving Images Across Media Platforms: Challenges and opportunities". 29th Annual Visual Communication Conference. Cannon Beach, Oregon: Visual Communication.
• Dougherty, S. M., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2013, Summer). "Visual Coverage of the 2006 Lebanon War: Framing Conflict in Three U.S. News Magazines". International Communication Association, London, England.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2013, Summer). "Natural Sound, Naturally: Enriching Multimedia Stories with Evocative Audio". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Washington, D.C.. Washington, D.C..
• Dougherty, S. M., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2008, A). "2006 Lebanon War: A Content Analysis of News Photographs in Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Chicago. Chicago.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2012, August 9). "Mapping Your Childhood Neighborhood: Reconstructing Details and Scenes for a Narrative Essay". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Chicago.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2012, August). "Avoid Source Remorse: How to Sharpen Interviewing Skills Through Feedback from a Source". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Chicago. Chicago.
• Sokolova, D., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2012, 2012-03-02). "Dancing with the Lion: A Cross-National Comparison of Russian and U.S. Newspaper Coverage of Iran's Nuclear Program During George W. Bush's Presidency". Midwinter Conference, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Norman, Oklahoma. Norman, Oklahoma.
• Sokolova, D., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2012, August). "A Cross-National Comparison of Russian and U.S. Newspaper Coverage of Iran's Nuclear Program". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Chicago. Chicago.
• Relly, J., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2011, August). "Framing Corruption: India's Three Largest English-Language Newspapers and the Right to Information Act". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, St. Louis. St. Louis.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2011, August). "Deep Diving: How to Plunge into Creativity and Innovation in Journalism Skills Classes". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, St. Louis. St. Louis.
• Schwalbe, C. B., & Relly, J. E. (2011, August). Framing corruption: India’s three largest English-language newspapers and the Right to Information Act. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Annual Conference. St. Louis, MO: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, International Communication Division.
• Schwalbe, C. B., & Silcock, B. W. (2010, April). "Visual Gatekeeping: A New Model for a Classic Theory". Broadcast Education Association, Las Vegas. Las Vegas.
• Cuillier, D. L., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2009, August). GIFTed teaching: An analysis of 228 Great Ideas for Teaching (GIFT) awards in journalism education. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Boston: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Small Programs Interest Group.
• Cuillier, D., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2009, August). "GIFTed Teaching: An Analysis of 228 Great Ideas for Teaching (GIFT) Awards in Eournalism education". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Boston. Boston.
• Schwalbe, C. B., & Cuillier, D. (2009, August). "Beyond Case Studies: An Analysis of Teaching Effectiveness in Award-Winning Media Ethics Exercises". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Boston. Boston.
• Schwalbe, C. B., & Cuillier, D. L. (2009, August). Beyond case studies: An analysis of teaching effectiveness in award-winning media ethics exercises. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Boston: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Media Ethics Division.
• Schwalbe, C. B., & Silcock, B. W. (2009, February). "War Images Past and Present: A Brief History of Controversial Images from the Crimean War to Iraq". Western States Communication Association, Mesa, Arizona. Mesa, Arizona.
• Schwalbe, C. B., & Silcock, B. W. (2009, September). "Visual Gatekeeping". Future of Journalism Conference, Cardiff, Wales. Cardiff, Wales.
• Dougherty, S. M., & Schwalbe, C. B. (2008, August). "2006 Lebanon War: A Content Analysis of News Photographs in Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Auburn, Alabama. Auburn, Alabama.
  More info

  Top student paper
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2008, August). "Visually Framing the Iraq War in Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report". Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Chicago. Chicago.
  More info

  First Place, Faculty Research Paper, Magazine Division
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2008, October 24). "The Idea Generator: How to Help Journalism Students Find Fresh Ideas for Stories and Projects". Southwest Council for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2008, October 25). "Reeling in Your Readers: How to Write Tempting Titles for Magazine Stories". Southwest Council for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Las Cruces, New Mexico. Las Cruces, New Mexico.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2008, October). "Leveraging the Digital Media Habits of the Millennials: Strategies for Teaching Journalism Courses". Southwest Council for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Las Cruces, New Mexico. Las Cruces, New Mexico.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2007, August). Diversity Snapshot: How to Ease Students into Writing about Diversity with Skill and Sensibility. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention. Washington, DC: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2007, August). Images of Subordination, Independence, and Sexual Overtones: A Comparison of Advertisements in Seventeen and Girl's Life Magazines. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention. Washington, DC: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2007, June). Interactive Behaviors of the Millenial Generation. 21st Annual Visual Communication Conference. Estes Park, CA: VISCOM.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2006, August). "Secret" Casualties: Images of Injury and Death in the Iraq War Across Media Platforms. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention. San Francisco, CA: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2006, June). Changing Faces: The First Five Weeks of the Iraq War. 20th Annual Visual Communication Conference. Midway Utah: VISCOM.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2006, June). Remembering Our Shared Past: Visually Framing the Iraq War on U.S. News Websites. International Communication Association Conference. Dresden, Germany: International Communication Association.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2005, August). Private Moments, Public Platforms: images and Ethical Codes Across Media in an Era of Violence and Tragedy. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention. San Antonio, TX: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2005, August). Student Self-Evaluation: Know Thy Writing Strengths and Weaknesses: How to Help Students Assess Improvement in Their Writing Skills. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention. San Antonio, TX: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2005, August). The Bloody Lens: A Bibliographic Essay on Ethical Concerns Related to Shocking Images of Violence and Tragedy. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention. San Antonio, TX: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2005, October). Visually Framing the Iraq War on the Internet: A Content Analysis of the First Five Weeks Plus Two Anniversaries. Internet Research 6.0: Internet Generations Conference. Chicago, IL: Association of the Internet Researchers.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2004, August). Images of Brutality: The Portrayal of U.S. Racial Violence in News Photographs Published Overseas (1957-1963). Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention. Toronto, Canada: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2004, August). The Language of the Senses: How to Use Your Five Senses to Add Color and Detail to Feature Stories. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention. Toronto, Canada: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
  More info

  Awarded Grand Prize, Great Ideas for Teachers
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2004, October). Comparing New Media with Old: Equivalency Challenges for Content Analysis. Content and Discourse Analysis Panel, New Research for New Media: Innovative Research Methods 2nd Edition. Tarragona, Spain: Universitat Rovira i Virgili and the Institute for New Media Studies at the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Minnesota.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2003, August). The Way It Is: A Student Zine: How to Intergrate Content and Technology in an Online Journalism Class. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention. Kansas City: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2003, June). Jackie Kennedy: Cold War Film Star. 17th Annual Visual Communication Conference. Sandpoint, ID: VISCOM.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2003, November). Embedded Images: The Framing of the First Visuals of the U.S. War in Iraq: A Content Analysis of Television, Internet, Newspaper, and Magazine Coverage. Southwest Education Council for Journalism and Mass Communication Southwest Symposium. Salt Lake City, UT: Southwest Education Council for Journalism and Mass Communication.
• Schwalbe, C. B. (2003, November). Flames, Faces, and Flags: Framing Images of the Iraq War in an Era of Convergent Media. National Communication Association Convention. Miami Beach, FL: National Communication Association.

Other Teaching Materials

• Schwalbe, C. B., Green, S. C., Lodato, M., & Silcock, B. W. (2011. Instruction Manual for News Now! Visual Storytelling in the Digital Age. Allyn & Bacon.

Others

• Schwalbe, C. B. (2008, Fall). "Magazine" (encyclopedia entry). In Wolfgang Donsbach (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Communication. Boston: International Communication Association and Wiley-Blackwell.