Jack Ann Clark

Interests

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Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Chapters

• Clark, J. A. (2022). Digital and Visual Literacy, Video Games, and Virtual Reality.. In Virtual Reality(pp 35-53). River Publishers.

Journals/Publications

• Bozgeyikli, L. L., Bozgeyikli, E., Schnell, C., & Clark, J. (2023). Exploring Horizontally Flipped Interaction in Virtual Reality for Improving Spatial Ability. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 29(11), 4514-4524. doi:10.1109/tvcg.2023.3320241
• Bozgeyikli, L., Bozgeyikli, E., Schnell, C., & Clark, J. (2023). Exploring Horizontally Flipped Interaction in Virtual Reality for Improving Spatial Ability. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 29(11). doi:10.1109/TVCG.2023.3320241
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  Virtual reality (VR) is a high-fidelity medium that can offer experiences that are close to real-life. Spatial ability plays an important role in human life, including academic achievement and advancement in work settings. Spatial ability is known to be improved by practicing relevant tasks. Mental rotation and spatial perception are among such tasks that improve spatial skills. In this research, we investigated a 'mirror-reversed' interaction technique in a cup stacking task in VR and looked into its effects on spatial ability, brain activity regarding spatial processing and attention (measured with EEG), performance, and user experience in male participants. Participants stacked cups according to given patterns using direct manipulation with horizontally flipped controls, similar to looking in a mirror while performing object manipulation in real life. In a between-subjects user study, we compared this novel interaction with a baseline where the participants completed the same task with regular controls. Although there was no significant main effect of group on the mental rotation and perspective taking/spatial orientation tests scores, within-group analysis indicated a trend toward an improvement in the mirror-reversed group in spatial orientation, while both groups showed a trend toward improvement in mental rotation. Participants in both groups got better at the task over time (their task completion durations decreased). EEG data revealed significant theta band power increase in the mirror-reversed group whereas there was no difference in the alpha band power between the two groups. Our results are encouraging for exploring spatially challenging interactions in VR for spatial skills training. We share the implementation and user study results, and discuss the implications.

Proceedings Publications

• Clark, J. (2023, March). Visual Information Processing in Virtual Reality: Merging Theory and Practice. In Information for a Better World: Normality, Virtuality, Physicality, Inclusivity: 18th International Conference, Part 1, 461-468.
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  Understanding visual information processing is becoming more important as technologies like virtual reality (VR) are being integrated into our training and learning experiences. A dissection between reception from perception is necessary to accommodate researching these visually intensive technologies. For instance, visual reception is the act of encoding information from the outside world, whereas perception is the act of interpreting that information internally. Theories regarding cue location, hierarchy of features, perceptional salience, postattentive amnesia, inattentional blindness, change blindness, and attentional blink will be discussed in this paper to focus on the separation of visual reception and perception. This paper will also highlight human thresholds of visual interpretations and the reliability of immersive technologies like VR for researching and understanding visual information processing. Concluding, this paper will discuss the need for iSchool communities to collaborate on this type of research. Specifically, educators, developers, and researchers working with VR contexts to better understand human behavior and software design.

Presentations

• Brooks, C. F., Mapes, A. C., Dang, A. T., Leach, A. R., Clark, J. A., Gupta, A., Barrows, J. D., & Rodrigo, R. (2024, June). Digital Reading, Notetaking, and Annotating Practices. Computers and Writing. Fort Worth, TX: Computers and Writing.
• Rodrigo, R., Dang, A. T., Ginosian, K., Gupta, A., Dang, A. T., Gupta, A., Clark, J. A., Leach, A. R., Leach, A. R., Clark, J. A., Mapes, A. C., Brooks, C. F., Brooks, C. F., Mapes, A. C., & Rodrigo, R. (2023, February). Adapting Digital Reading Assignments for Efficiency & Efficacy. Conference on College Composition and Communication. Chicago, IL: Conference on College Composition and Communication.
• Dang, A. T., Brooks, C. F., Mapes, A. C., Ginosian, K. V., Clark, J. A., Leach, A. R., Gupta, A., Dang, A. T., & Rodrigo, R. (2022, January). Update: Readability Research at the University of Arizona. Adobe Readability Group. Online: Adobe.
• Ginosian, K., Dang, A. T., Gupta, A., Leach, A. R., Clark, J. A., Brooks, C. F., Mapes, A. C., & Rodrigo, R. (2022, January). Technology, Reading, and Strategies to Reduce Anxiety. Writing and Wellbeing Conference. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona, General Educatoin.
• Ginosian, K., Gupta, A., Leach, A. R., Clark, J. A., Brooks, C. F., Mapes, A. C., Rodrigo, R., Ginosian, K., Gupta, A., Leach, A. R., Clark, J. A., Brooks, C. F., Mapes, A. C., & Rodrigo, R. (2022, January). Update: Readability Research at the University of Arizona. Adobe Readability Group. Online: Adobe.
• Leach, A. R., Clark, J. A., Brooks, C. F., Mapes, A. C., Rodrigo, R., Dang, A. T., Gupta, A., Leach, A. R., Clark, J. A., Brooks, C. F., Mapes, A. C., Rodrigo, R., Dang, A. T., & Gupta, A. (2022, January). Technology, Reading, and Strategies to Reduce Anxiety. Writing & Wellbeing. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona.
• Ginosian, K. V., Dang, A. T., Gupta, A., Leach, A. R., Clark, J. A., Brooks, C. F., Mapes, A. C., & Rodrigo, R. (2021, November). Adopting Digital Readability Hacks: Motivation & Inhibitors. Adobe Readability Research Symposium. online: Adobe.
• Mapes, A. C., Brooks, C. F., Ginosian, K. V., Gupta, A., Dang, A. T., Clark, J. A., Leach, A. R., & Rodrigo, R. (2021, July). VRL, Digital Readability & College Students. Adobe for Education Summit. online: Adobe.
• Mapes, A. C., Brooks, C. F., Leach, A. R., Ginosian, K. V., Gupta, A., Dang, A. T., Clark, J. A., & Rodrigo, R. (2021, July). Creativity for the Future Using Liquid Mode or Digital Readability & Personalized Reading Formats. Adobe for Education Summit Pre-Conference. online: Adobe.
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