Shawn Patrick Gallagher

Interests

Research

- Antidepressant medication adherence- Health behavior theoretical frameworks

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Journals/Publications

• Finley, B., Shea, K., Gallagher, S., & Taylor-Piliae, R. (2024). Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners experiencing therapeutic alliance while using tele-mental health: A phenomenological study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 49. doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2024.01.016
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  Background: Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners have rapidly adopted and implemented tele-mental health in their practice; however it is unclear how this modality of care affects the experiential quality of therapeutic alliance, simply defined as the interpersonal working bond between provider and patient. Objective: This study is the first to explore how psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners experience therapeutic alliance while using tele-mental health. Design: Husserlian phenomenological qualitative study. Participants: A purposive, convenience sample of 17 American psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners who engaged in tele-mental health care were recruited online and interviewed. Methods: Phenomenological interview transcripts recorded and later thematically coded in the qualitative software MaxQDA. Results: From 1426 individual codes, five major themes and 16 subthemes were discovered. Overall, themes illuminated that psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners could build therapeutic alliance over tele-mental health using inherent interpersonal skills that had to be adapted to the technology. Adaptions included working with patient environmental factors, individual patient considerations, provider ambivalence, and technological observation shifting awareness and communication patterns. Conclusions: When adapting for the tele-mental health environment, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners experienced building and sustaining therapeutic alliance with most patients. Unparalleled aspects of tele-mental health allowed for a fuller clinical picture and logistical convenience to see patients more often with ease for both the provider and patient. However, experiential aspects of therapeutic alliance created during in-person care could not be replaced with tele-mental health. In conclusion, participants concluded that a hybrid care model would enhance therapeutic alliance for most patients.
• Rainbow, J., Arnold, M., Richter, S., Zhao, M., Medvescek, K., Gallagher, S., & Allen, A. (2024). Uncovering Trends in U.S. Nurse Cannabis Use in Relation to Patient Care. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 15(2). doi:10.1016/S2155-8256(24)00051-6
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  Background: As cannabis legalization continues to expand across the United States, there is a growing need to understand its use among nurses, particularly how cannabis use compares to other substance use and how the timing of its use relates to nurses’ patient care responsibilities. Purpose: To describe patterns of nurse cannabis and other substance use generally and timing of use in relation to patient care. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was distributed to practicing registered nurses via social media and listservs. The survey questions concerned the use of cannabis and other substance use as well as the timing of cannabis use in relation to patient care. Data were weighted to reflect the nationwide nursing population. Descriptive statistical analyses of cannabis and other substance use and timing of use were completed. Results: The study sample comprised a weighted total of 1,010 registered nurses. The majority of participants (77.0%; 95% CI: 73.4%, 79.1%) reported drinking alcohol, whereas cannabis use was reported by a quarter of participants (weighted 23.6%; 95% CI: 20.9%, 26.4%). Just over one-fifth of participants (21%; n = 211) reported using both alcohol and cannabis. The most common cannabis use pattern among those who reported cannabis use across 263 workdays was use after work only (81.37%). Alcohol was the most common substance used alongside cannabis after work. Conclusion: Nurses are using cannabis and other substances, but they are generally using these substances after work and using them at rates similar to the rates of use among the general public. The many ways cannabis can be consumed—edibles, smoking, vaping, THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) extracts, and CBD (cannabidiol) products—means that more study into the kinds and concentrations of cannabinoids is required because the effects may differ greatly. Regulators, employers, and researchers can focus on understanding drivers of use and providing education for nurses about cannabis and alcohol use. This education may also be beneficial for providing patient care where cannabis is being used medicinally as well as recreationally.
• Finley, B. A., Shea, K. D., Gallagher, S. P., Palitsky, R., & Gauvin, J. (2023).

  A Theoretical Framework for Conducting Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Virtual Care & Research

  . Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 44(10), 1002-1008. doi:10.1080/01612840.2023.2258213
• Gallagher, S., & Bouchard, L. (2023).

  Nurse practitioner educational preparation and confidence related to managing antipsychotic medications and associated drug-induced movement disorders

  . Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 35(10), 629-637. doi:10.1097/jxx.0000000000000899

Presentations

• Dupont, L. A., Love, R. A., Godfrey, T. M., Shurson, L., & Gallagher, S. P. (2019, April). The deliberate use of the DNP Essentials: A framework for educational practice. 46th Annual NONPF National Conference. Chicago, IL: National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties.
• Gallagher, S. P., Shurson, L., Godfrey, T. M., Love, R. A., & Dupont, L. A. (2020, April). The deliberate use of the DNP Essentials: A framework for educational practice. 46th Annual NONPF National Conference. Chicago, IL: National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties.

Poster Presentations

• Beguin-Fernald, C., Bouchard, L. A., Gallagher, S. P., & Poedel, R. J. (2023). Using agriculture to cultivate veteran post-traumatic growth and community integration.. American Psychiatric Nurses Association 37th Annual Conference. Lake Buena Vista, Florida: American Psychiatric Nurses Association.
• Gallagher, S. P., Shurson, L., Godfrey, T. M., Dupont, L. A., & Love, R. A. (2020, April). The deliberate use of the DNP Essentials: A framework for educational practice.. Western Institute of Nursing Conference. Portland, OR: Western Institute of Nursing.
• Love, R. A., Dupont, L. A., Godfrey, T. M., Shurson, L., & Gallagher, S. P. (2019, Fall). The deliberate use of the DNP Essentials: A framework for educational practice.. Western Institute of Nursing Conference. Portland, OR: Western Institute of Nursing.

Reviews

• Gallagher, S. P., Finley, B., & Shea, K. (2022. Therapeutic alliance in psychiatric telehealth.
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  Systematic review of literature on therapeutic alliance in psychiatric telehealth. As a team, we completed abstract reviews, article selections, and are currently in process of validating Down's and Black checklist for methodological quality. Anticipate manuscript completion summer 2022.