Timian M Godfrey

Interests

Research

Health behavior and promotion for vulnerable populations, health policy, social determinants of health.

Teaching

Advanced practice nursing, interprofessional collaboration, health promotion and behavior, evidence-based practice, population health, nursing leadership, health policy.

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Chapters

• D’Aoust, R., Rossiter, A. G., Godfrey, T. M., Dunbar, D., & Battista, V. (2023). Experiences and Impact of the Jonas Nursing and Veteran Healthcare Scholar Mentoring Program. In Mentoring in Nursing through Narrative Stories Across the World. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25204-4_42
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  The Jonas Philanthropies was created to address the need to educate doctorally prepared nurse faculty and nurse leaders to meet nursing workforce demands and to improve access to quality healthcare. In 2008, the Jonas Philanthropies launched the Jonas Nursing and Veterans Healthcare Jonas Scholars Program to provide financial assistance, leadership development, mentoring engagement, and networking opportunities for nurse scholars in Doctor of Nursing Practice and Doctor of Philosophy programs. In addition to the Jonas Scholars program, the Jonas Philanthropies partnered with the American Academy of Nursing in 2015 to develop a pipeline of nurses who will contribute to shaping policy in the areas of practice, education, and research through the American Academy of Nursing Jonas Policy Scholars program. Critically important to the success of both programs is the creation of mentoring opportunities that pair experienced nurse leaders with emerging leaders that support the success of these scholars during the program and beyond. This chapter will highlight the experience of a faculty mentor with four Jonas Scholars and the impact of that relationship on creating the next generation of education, research, practice, and policy leaders.

Journals/Publications

• Godfrey, T., Bowen, D., Joyce, A., Lacasse, C., Rainbow, J., & Wofford, K. (2024). Evaluation of meaningful recognition programs in three colleges of nursing. Nursing Outlook, 72(6). doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2024.102268
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  Background: The nursing faculty shortage in the United States presents a challenge to maintaining a robust healthcare workforce. Meaningful recognition (MR) is an evidence-based practice that improved nurse burnout (BO) in the clinical setting. There is limited literature on its impact on nurse faculty. Purpose: Three colleges of nursing implemented The DAISY Diseases Attacking the Immune SYstem Award for Extraordinary Nursing Faculty as an MR program to improve compassion satisfaction (CS) and BO among nursing faculty. Methods: This project employed a pre- and post-survey design to assess changes in faculty CS, BO, and secondary traumatic stress using the ProQOL Professional Quality of Life version 5. Discussion: The results suggest that while the implementation of MR programs did not significantly alter these metrics, the faculty maintained stable levels of CS despite the stressful COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Additional research is needed to explore the potential for MR to mitigate faculty BO.
• Milo, R. B., Najjar, R., Godfrey, T. M., Wang, S. Y., Noone, J., Scorsone, K. L., Attis-Josias, M., & Boehning, A. (2024). Centering diversity, equity, and inclusion in a regional professional nursing organization. Nursing Outlook, 72(3). doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2024.102171
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  Background: Professional nursing organizations can respond to threats to social justice by strengthening structures to support diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Purpose: Describe implementation strategies and outcomes to advance DEI from the Western Institute of Nursing (WIN). Methods: In 2019, WIN committed to prioritizing DEI by updating its vision and mission. A taskforce was assembled to conduct member surveys, focus groups, and open forums to generate recommendations on developing and implementing organizational change. Discussion: These initiatives culminated in centralized efforts that include the formation of a standing committee, ongoing member surveys, selection of diverse conference topics and speakers, adoption of inclusive practices, and ongoing assessments to make recommendations to the Board to advance DEI. Conclusion: The work of the Committee ensures the organization remains committed to DEI. These strategies inform other nursing organizations as they advance DEI to impact research, education, policy, and practice.
• Hammer, S. L., & Godfrey, T. M. (2023). Abstract A045: Adhering to a culturally responsive framework: Integrating kinship into a multilevel community-based intervention for American Indian adults with comorbid type 2 diabetes and cancer. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 32(12_Supplement), A045-A045. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.disp23-a045
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  Abstract The prolific disparities of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cancer in tribal communities is well documented. American Indian (AI) adults living with T2D are at greater risk of not only developing cancer, but also dying from it, with cooccurrence becoming increasingly prevalent. On rural tribal reservations, common environmental diabetogenic factors (e.g., obesity, lack of physical activity, poor diet, and stress) are considered as sources of elevated risk for both T2D and cancer. Critically important in improving both diabetes and cancer-related health behaviors and outcomes, particularly for AI people, is psychosocial support from family and community ties (e.g., kinship). Despite supporting evidence, few interventions include kinship as a key factor to promote best outcomes for T2D management among AI adults with a dual diagnosis of cancer. To address this growing issue, there is an urgent need for culturally and contextually adapted interventions aiming to address the cooccurrence of T2D and cancer that are, ideally, led by tribal communities. In this session, healthcare professional Early-Stage Investigators (ESIs), some of whom also identify as AI, will present community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles used to develop a multilevel Tribally tailored intervention, with kinship as a moderating factor, for AI adults living with both T2D and cancer. The ESIs represent a unique pool of providers invested in the community within which they work by co-creating an intervention which utilizes pre-existing strong community and familial norms. The ESIs further look to break away from the common trend in research to overgeneralize interventions and findings to all AI Tribal communities by tailoring the intervention to each specific Tribal Community engaged in the research intervention. To foster innovative research methods by emphasizing important historic and socio-cultural influences relevant to understanding the holistic context of health disparities in tribal communities, the guiding framework is the NIMHD Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework adapted for AI and Alaska Native Nations. In this research, individuals are viewed within the context of the broader social system where they function daily, while families and community are key stakeholders and leaders in the successful management of T2D and cancer. The approach focuses on diabetes-related barriers by providing family and social units with skills for successful T2D and cancer management, healthy communication, and shared commitment. In addition to these domains of influence, involving community systems is critical for a sustainable intervention that effectively addresses health disparities for T2D and cancer. Citation Format: Sheila L. Hammer, Timian M. Godfrey. Adhering to a culturally responsive framework: Integrating kinship into a multilevel community-based intervention for American Indian adults with comorbid type 2 diabetes and cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A045.
• Hodgson, C., Godfrey, T. M., DeCoteau, R. N., Allison-Burbank, J. D., & Taylor-Piliae, R. E. (2023). Social-Ecological Resilience of Indigenous Adolescents in the United States and Canada. Advances in Nursing Science, 47(1). doi:10.1097/ans.0000000000000483
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  For the past decade, resilience research with American Indian/Alaska Native and First Nations/Métis/Inuit adolescents has improved our understanding of how adolescents overcome mental health challenges. A new situation-specific theory is presented to guide nurses in applying the evidence to their practice with Indigenous adolescents in the United States and Canada. The social-ecological resilience of indigenous adolescents (SERIA) theory was derived from integrating (a) existing social-ecological frameworks by Bronfenbrenner, Ungar, and Burnette and Figley, (b) findings from a systematic review of 78 studies about resilience factors for mental health of Indigenous adolescents, (c) clinical experience, and (d) Indigenous knowledge.
• Taylor-Piliae, R., Allison-Burbank, J. D., DeCoteau, R. N., Godfrey, T. M., & Hodgson, C. (2023). Social-Ecological Resilience of Indigenous Adolescents in the United States and Canada: A Situation-Specific Nursing Theory. Advances in Nursing Science.
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  For the past decade, resilience research with American Indian/Alaska Native and First Nations/Métis/Inuit adolescents has improved our understanding of how adolescents overcome mental health challenges. A new situation-specific theory is presented to guide nurses in applying the evidence to their practice with Indigenous adolescents in the United States and Canada. The social-ecological resilience of indigenous adolescents (SERIA) theory was derived from integrating (a) existing social-ecological frameworks by Bronfenbrenner, Ungar, and Burnette and Figley, (b) findings from a systematic review of 78 studies about resilience factors for mental health of Indigenous adolescents, (c) clinical experience, and (d) Indigenous knowledge.
• Garcia, D. O., Sun, X., Shea, K. D., Sanderson, P. R., Barra, K., Villavicencio, E., & Godfrey, T. M. (2022). Advancing Liver Cancer Prevention for American Indian Populations in Arizona: An Integrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 1.
• Hodgson, C., DeCoteau, R. N., Allison-Burbank, J. D., & Godfrey, T. M. (2022). An Updated Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors Related to the Resilience and Well-Being of Indigenous Youth in the United States and Canada. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 29(3). doi:10.5820/aian.2903.2022.136
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  Indigenous youth in North America experience mental health inequities compared to White peers, including a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, suicide, and substance use. This systematic review of culturally specific risk and protective factors related to resilience and mental health in Indigenous youth aimed to synthesize the recent evidence and update a systematic review of evidence prior to 2013 (Burnette and Figley, 2016). Following PRISMA guidelines, seven academic databases were searched for peer-reviewed qualitative and quantitative resilience research with Indigenous youth (age 19 and under) in the United States and Canada published from 2014 to 2021. Seventy-eight studies met inclusion criteria and provided ample knowledge about risk and protective factors for the resilience of Indigenous youth across the Social Ecology of Resilience theory: individual (86%), family (53%), community (60%), cultural (50%), and societal (19%). A plethora of recent interventions serve as examples of context and culture-specific responses to the mental health needs of Indigenous youth. Further attention to younger children, urban populations, and Indigenous knowledge systems is needed. In particular, the influence of racism, settler colonialism, and cultural resurgence efforts on the well-being of Indigenous youth are areas for future research.
• Melton, F., Jones, D., Godfrey, T. M., Cordova-marks, F. M., & Breathett, K. (2022). Metabolic Syndrome Among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations: Implications for Cardiovascular Health.. Current hypertension reports. doi:10.1007/s11906-022-01178-5
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  The latest national data reports a 55% prevalence of metabolic syndrome in American Indian adults compared to 34.7% of the general US adult population. Metabolic syndrome is a strong predictor for diabetes, which is the leading cause of heart disease in American Indian and Alaska Native populations. Metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors disproportionately impact this population. We describe the presentation, etiology, and roles of structural racism and social determinants of health on metabolic syndrome..Much of what is known about metabolic syndrome in American Indian and Alaska Native populations comes from the Strong Heart Study as there is scant literature. American Indian and Alaska Native adults have an increased propensity towards metabolic syndrome as they are 1.1 times more likely to have high blood pressure, approximately three times more likely to have diabetes, and have higher rates of obesity compared with their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Culturally informed lifestyle and behavior interventions are promising approaches to address structural racism and social determinants of health that highly influence factors contributing to these rates. Among American Indian and Alaska Native populations, there is scarce updated literature evaluating the underlying causes of major risk factors for metabolic syndrome, and progression to cardiometabolic disease. As a result, the actual state of metabolic syndrome in this population is not well understood. Systemic and structural changes must occur to address the root causes of these disparities.
• Shurson, L., Godfrey, T. M., Flamm, K. L., Bertsch, M., Broughton, E., & Prettyman, A. (2021). Utilizing Academic Service Partnerships to Advance the Care of Veterans. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners.
• Godfrey, T. M., D’Aoust, R., Schallmo, M. K., & Dunbar, D. (2020). Time for the 4th P in APRN education: Physical assessment, pathophysiology, pharmacology, and procedures. Journal of American Association of Nurse Practitioners.
• Schallmo, M., Godfrey, T. M., Dunbar, D., Brown, K., Coyle, A., & D'Aoust, R. (2019). Is it time for the 4th P in nurse practitioner education? Physical assessment, pathophysiology, pharmacology, and procedures: A systematic review.. Journal of American Association of Nurse Practitioners. doi:DOI:10.1097/jxx.0000000000000206

Presentations

• Godfrey, T. M., Ute, W., & Freddie, A. (2023, July).  Our Journeys: Nursing and Healthcare
  
  . Our Land, Our Health, Our Education.
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  Invited podium presentation 
• Godfrey, T. M., Busby, K., & Buchda, V. (2022, February). What’s being done to Address the Nursing Shortage for Rural and Tribal Communities. Arizona Rural and Public Health Policy Forum. Virtual format: Arizona State Office of Rural Health.
• Godfrey, T. M., Chen, A. C., & Mun, C. J. (2022, April). The Impact of COVID-19 on the Quality of Life of Native American Nurses. Western Institute of Nursing Annual Conference. Portland, OR: Western Institute of Nursing.
• Godfrey, T. M., Joyce, A., Palmieri, S., Rainbow, J., Lacasse, C. L., Rishel, C. J., Wofford, K., Newson, L., Kent, E., & Sweeney, C. (2022, March). Why Meaningful Recognition Matters: Helping Nursing Faculty Bloom During a Pandemic. Creating Healthy Work Environments National Conference. Washington D.C.: Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing.
• Garcia, D. O., & Godfrey, T. M. (2021, October). Interdisciplinary Approaches to Advance Liver Cancer Prevention for Arizona Mexican-origin and Indigenous Communities. 2021 Arizona Health Equity Conference. Phoenix, Arizona: Arizona Health Equity Coalition.
• Godfrey, T. M. (2021). Picture a Scientist. University of Arizona Research Cancer Center speaker series. Virtual format.
• Godfrey, T. M. (2021, June). Advancing Nursing Workforce Diversity Impact Summit, Holistic Admissions Impact Panel. Diversity Impact Summit. Virtual formart: American Association of Colleges of Nursing.
• Godfrey, T. M. (2021, May). You Have Your DNP Degree…What’s Next?. Improving Health Outcomes through Translational Scholarship Symposium. Virtual format: Johns Hopkins School of Nursing.
• Godfrey, T. M., & Barajas, J. (2021, October). Culture and Aging: Considerations in Care for Indigenous Elders. The National Hartford Center of Gerontological Nursing Excellence Leadership Conference. Virtual format: National Hartford Center of Gerontological Nursing Excellence.
• Godfrey, T. M., & Russell, K. (2021, November). Coming Together to Grown Our Own. Native American Heritage Month Speaker Series. Virtual format: University of Arizona Health Science Office of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion.
• Godfrey, T. M., & Shukri, J. (2021, June). Creating Symbiosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic Through Academic Service Partnerships and Community Engagement. 47th Annual Arizona Rural Health Conference. Flagstaff, Arizona: University of Arizona Center for Rural Health.
• Godfrey, T. M., Ikner, L., Valencia, C., & Ditzler, G. (2021, September). Inclusive Engagement Panel. Arizona's Science, Engineering & Math Scholars (ASEMS) Program Conference. Virtual format: University of Arizona.
• Godfrey, T. M., Kiser, L. H., Fong-Jablonski, A., Harper, B., Dalessio, S., Shukri, J., Hallenbeck, S., DeWolfe, L., Francisco, M., & Gaines, K. (2021, April). Gallup Indian Medical Center COVID-19 Relief Project: A Service-Learning Immersion. Arizona AHEC 9th Annual Interprofessional Rural Health Professions Program Conference. Virtual format: Arizona Area Health Education Center.
• Godfrey, T. M., Langley, C., & Bliss, S. (2021, February). Nursing is Political: How to Use Your Voice and Advocate for the Future. Arizona Nurses Association RN Advocacy Day. Virtual format: Arizona Nurses Association.
• Gallagher, S. P., Shurson, L., Godfrey, T. M., Love, R. A., & Dupont, L. A. (2019, April). The deliberate use of the DNP Essentials: A framework for educational practice. 46th Annual NONPF National Conference. Chicago, IL: National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties.
• Godfrey, T. M., Begay, R., Saltclah, S., & Allison-Burbank, J. (2019, April). Integrating Cultural Humility into Clinical, Research, and Prevention Practices with Indigenous People. 8th Annual AZ AHEC Interprofessional Rural Health Program Conference. University of Arizona: Arizona AHEC.
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  The adoption of cultural humility into research and health science professional practice promotes healthy collaboration and improved outcomes in American Indian/Alaska Native populations. Skillful development of practices utilizing Western-based knowledge enhanced with cultural consideration offers an innovative approach to addressing health disparities existing in tribal communities. The importance of incorporating cultural humility into clinical, research, and prevention practices with Indigenous people will be explored through the lens of a multi-disciplinary professional Indigenous panel.
• Godfrey, T. M., Begay, R., Saltclah, S., & Allison-Burbank, J. (2020, April). Integrating Cultural Humility into Clinical, Research, and Prevention Practices with Indigenous People. 8th Annual AzAHEC Interprofessional Rural Health Conference. Tucson, AZ: Arizona AHEC.
• Godfrey, T. M., Shurson, L., & Sweeney, C. (2020, September). Elevating and Celebrating Compassionate Nursing Practice: A Leadership Imperative. National League for Nursing Education SummitNational League for Nursing.
• Brown, K., Coyle, A., Dunbar, D., Godfrey, T. M., Schallmo, M., & D'Aoust, R. (2018, July). “Is it Time for the 4th P in Nurse Practitioner Education – Physical Assessment, Pathophysiology, Pharmacology, and Procedures?”. American Association of Nurse Practitioners 2018 National Conference. Denver, CO: American Association of Nurse Practitioners.

Poster Presentations

• Scheid, A., Godfrey, T. M., & Goldsmith, M. M. (2022, April). Amplifying the Voices of Underrepresented Students in Nursing Education. Western Institute of Nursing Annual Conference. Portland, OR: Western Institute of Nursing.
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  First author is a student mentee.
• Davis, M., Littzen-Brown, C., Sogge, C., & Godfrey, T. M. (2021, February). Pronoun Recognition for Inclusive Excellence Across the University of Arizona College of Nursing. 3rd Annual UAHS LGBTQ+ National Symposium. Virtual format: University of Arizona Health Sciences LGBTQ+ Interest Group.
• Lacasse, C. L., Godfrey, T. M., Perez, L. J., Perez, L. J., Godfrey, T. M., & Lacasse, C. L. (2021, June). The Arizona Nursing Inclusive Excellence Program: Shifting the education paradigm. Diversity Impact Summit. Virtual format: American Association of Colleges of Nursing.
• Munoz, J., & Godfrey, T. M. (2021, June). Integrating Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion into Organizational Structure. Diversity Impact Summit. Virtual format: American Association of Colleges of Nursing.
• Newton, T., Godfrey, T. M., Prettyman, A., Sogge, C., & Kennedy, L. (2021, February). A Safe Zone for Doctor of Nursing Practice Program. 3rd Annual University of Arizona Health Sciences LGBTQ+ National Symposium. Virtual format: University of Arizona Health Sciences LGBTQ+ Interest Group.
• Perez, L. J., Godfrey, T. M., & Lacasse, C. L. (2021, October). Cultivating and Supporting Diversity in the Future Nursing Workforce. Arizona Nurses Association. Phoenix: AzNA.
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  This poster presentation discussed how our ANIE program is meeting the need to continue comprehensive support structures for admission and retention of under-represented students in the profession and workforce to meet the needs of our increasing diverse patient populations in the nation.
• Gallagher, S. P., Shurson, L., Godfrey, T. M., Dupont, L. A., & Love, R. A. (2019, Fall). The deliberate use of the DNP Essentials: A framework for educational practice.. Western Institute of Nursing Conference. Portland, OR: Western Institute of Nursing.
• Godfrey, T. M., Schallmo, M., Dunbar, D., & D'Aoust, R. (2019, March). “Time for the 4th P in Nurse Practitioner Education.”. Sigma Theta Tau Nursing Education Research Conference. Washington, D.C.: Sigma Theta Tau.
• Koithan, M. S., Perez, L. J., Godfrey, T. M., & Pool, N. M. (2020, December). Maintaining Academic Enrichment During A Pandemic: A Virtual Summer Intensive for Underrepresented Students. AACN DIversity Symposium. Virtual: AACN.
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  Poster Demonstration of the virtual summer intensive experience for underrepresented students under the ANIE HRSA Grant. An explanation of how this very effective in person intensive was transitioned to a successful virtual intensive.
• Dunbar, D., Godfrey, T. M., Schallmo, M., & D'Aoust, R. (2019, August). “Is it Time for the 4th P in Nurse Practitioner Education – Physical Assessment, Pathophysiology, Pharmacology, and Procedures?”. National Doctor of Nursing Practice Conference 2019. Washington, D.C.: Doctors of Nursing Practice.
• Godfrey, T. M., & McIltrot, K. (2019, May). Quality improvement project: The Effect of a Diabetes Self-Management Education Program within American Indian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Identified in the Emergency Department.. Improving Health Outcomes through Translational Scholarship Symposium. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University.

Reviews

• Godfrey, T. M. (2023. Peer reviewer for the Journal of the American Medical Association.
• Godfrey, T. M. (2020. COVID-19 Impacts to Health and Wellness among Native American, Native Hawaiian, Alaska Native Peoples, and Indigenous Groups throughout the World.

Others

• Godfrey, T. M. (2023, May).

  “Go For Broke”- Honoring a Rich AAPI History

  . Tribal Times Newsletter.
• Godfrey, T. M. (2020, December). Community Mental Health Journal.
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  Peer reviewer
• Godfrey, T. M. (2020, November). Health justice begins with acknowledgement. Johns Hopkins Nursing. https://magazine.nursing.jhu.edu/2020/11/health-justice-begins-with-acknowledgement/
• Godfrey, T. M., & Kahn-John, M. (2020, November). How UArizona Nursing’s Land Acknowledgement Honors the Traditional Homelands of Tribal Nations.. University of Arizona College of Nursing. https://www.nursing.arizona.edu/news/how-uarizona-nursing’s-land-acknowledgement-honors-traditional-homelands-tribal-nations