Judith S Gordon

Interests

Research

Public health tobacco cessation interventions delivered in dental and medical settings, self-help tobacco cessation programs, educational tobacco cessation programs for healthcare practitioners, computer-based tobacco prevention programs, multi-behavioral interventions to address weight, physical activity, and tobacco, and the use of mobile health technologies (e.g., mobile apps) for lifestyle change and medication adherence.

Teaching

Graduate education in evidence-based medicine, research design, research methods, quality improvement, program evaluation

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Chapters

• Severson, H. H., Gordon, J. S., Akers, L., & Noonan, D. (2020). Smokeless tobacco treatment: Measures, interventions, recommendations, and future directions. In Smokeless Tobacco Products: Research, Epidemiology, and Regulatory Implications. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-818158-4.00005-4
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  Abstract There are almost 9 million regular smokeless tobacco (ST) users in the United States. Because ST products, manufacturing methods, distribution, use patterns, regulations, and research differ by country, this chapter focuses on interventions in the United States and is limited to studies in adults. The challenges of measuring use and dependence are discussed, and tools appropriate to particular forms of ST products and conditions of use are assessed. The various behavioral and pharmacological interventions for which reliable data exist are evaluated, and recommendations for intervention methods and research are offered. In general, research has yielded good evidence and support for several methods, with some outcomes exceeding those for smoking cessation. However, refinement of existing methods and delivery systems is needed, as well as innovation in methods. Future directions in which studies and therapeutic applications might go are projected.
• Severson, H., Andrews, J. A., Lichtenstein, E., & Gordon, J. S. (2000). A dental office intervention for cessation of use of smokeless tobacco. In Tobacco: The Growing Epidemic. Springer, London. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0769-9_332
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  The goal of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of dental hygienists in advising their patients to quit use of smokeless tobacco and/or smoking. Seventy-five private practice dental offices in western Oregon were randomly assigned to give usual care or a minimal or extended intervention. Over 34,000 patients (average age, 45; 93% Caucasian; 60% female) were enrolled in the study. Of these patients, 30,136 did not use tobacco, 632 used smokeless tobacco, 4029 smoked and 100 used both smokeless tobacco and cigarettes (Andrews et al., 1998).

Journals/Publications

• Gordon, J. S., Howe, C. L., Thrul, J., Devkota, J., Alexander, A., Allen, A. M., Businelle, M. S., Hébert, E. T., Heffner, J. L., Kendzor, D. E., & Ra, C. K. (2022).

  A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis of the Use of Remote Biochemical Verification Methods of Smoking Status in Tobacco Research

  . Nicotine & Tobacco Research. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntac271
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  Abstract Introduction Increasing digital delivery of smoking cessation interventions has resulted in the need to employ novel strategies for remote biochemical verification. This scoping review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate best practices for remote biochemical verification of smoking status. Methods The scientific literature was searched for studies that reported remotely obtained (not in-person) biochemical confirmation of smoking status (i.e., combustible tobacco). A meta-analysis of proportions was conducted to investigate key outcomes, which included rates of returned biological samples and the ratio of biochemically verified to self-reported abstinence rates. Results A total of 82 studies were included. The most common samples were expired air (46%) and saliva (40% of studies), the most common biomarkers were carbon monoxide (48%) and cotinine (44%), and the most common verification methods were video confirmation (37%) and mail-in samples for lab analysis (26%). Mean sample return rates determined by random-effects meta-analysis were 70% for smoking cessation intervention studies without contingency management (CM), 77% for CM studies, and 65% for other studies (e.g., feasibility and secondary analyses). Among smoking cessation intervention studies without CM, self-reported abstinence rates were 21%, biochemically verified abstinence rates were 10%, and 47% of individuals who self-reported abstinence were also biochemically confirmed as abstinent. Conclusions This scoping review suggests that improvements in sample return rates in remote biochemical verification studies of smoking status are needed. Recommendations for reporting standards are provided that may enhance confidence in the validity of reported abstinence rates in remote studies. Implications This scoping review and meta-analysis included studies using remote biochemical verification to determine smoking status. Challenges exist regarding implementation and ensuring high sample return rates. Higher self-reported compared to biochemically verified abstinence rates suggest the possibility that participants in remote studies may be misreporting abstinence or not returning samples for other reasons (e.g., participant burden, inconvenience). Remote biochemical confirmation of self-reported smoking abstinence should be included in smoking cessation studies whenever feasible. However, findings should be considered in the context of challenges to sample return rates. Better reporting guidelines for future studies in this area are needed.
• Gordon, J. S., Nair, U. S., Gordon, J. S., Giacobbi, P. R., Bell, M. L., & Armin, J. S. (2021). A telephone-based guided imagery tobacco cessation intervention: results of a randomized feasibility trial.. Translational behavioral medicine, 11(2), 516-529. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibaa052
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  Evidence supports the use of guided imagery for smoking cessation; however, scalable delivery methods are needed to make it a viable approach. Telephone-based tobacco quitlines are a standard of care, but reach is limited. Adding guided imagery to quitline services might increase reach by offering an alternative approach..To develop and test the feasibility and potential impact of a guided imagery-based tobacco cessation intervention delivered using a quitline model..Participants for this randomized feasibility trial were recruited statewide through a quitline or community-based methods. Participants were randomized to guided imagery Intervention Condition (IC) or active behavioral Control Condition (CC). After withdrawals, there were 105 participants (IC = 56; CC = 49). The IC consisted of six sessions in which participants created guided imagery audio files. The CC used a standard six-session behavioral protocol. Feasibility measures included recruitment rate, retention, and adherence to treatment. We also assessed 6-month quit rates and consumer satisfaction..Both the IC and CC protocols were feasible to deliver. We finalized protocols and materials for participants, coaches and study staff, and delivered the protocols with fidelity. We developed successful recruitment methods, and experienced high retention (6 months = 81.9%) and adherence (all sessions = 66.7%). Long-term quit rates (IC = 27.9%; CC = 38.1%) compared favorably to those of quitlines, and program satisfaction was high, suggesting that the protocols are acceptable to smokers and may contribute to smoking abstinence..The guided imagery intervention is feasible and promising, suggesting that a fully powered RCT to test the efficacy of the intervention is warranted..NCT02968381.
• Merianos, A. L., Mahabee-gittens, E. M., Khoury, J. C., Gordon, J. S., & Ding, L. (2021). Examination of the '5-2-1-0' Recommendations in Racially Diverse Young Children Exposed to Tobacco Smoke.. American journal of health promotion : AJHP, 35(7), 966-972. doi:10.1177/0890117121995772
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  The '5-2-1-0' guidelines recommend that children: eat ≥5 servings of fruits/vegetables ('5'), have ≤2 hours of screen-time ('2'), have ≥1 hour of activity ('1'), and drink 0 sugar-sweetened beverages ('0') daily. The pediatric emergency department (PED) treats children at risk for obesity and tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). We examined body mass index (BMI), overweight, obesity, TSE, and '5-2-1-0' rates in children with TSE in the PED..Cross-sectional study of PED children..The PED of a children's hospital..Children with TSE >6 months-5 years old (N = 401)..Sociodemographics, '5-2-1-0' behaviors, BMI, and cotinine-confirmed TSE..Associations between '5-2-1-0' and sociodemographics were examined with logistic regression..Mean (SD) age = 2.4 (1.6) years; 53.1% were Black; 65.8% had low-income; and 93.4% had TSE. Of 2-5-year-olds, mean (SD) BMI percentile was 66.2 (30.1), 16.1% were overweight and 20.6% were obese. In total, 10.5% attained '5', 72.6% attained '2', 57.8% of 2-5-year-olds attained '1', and 9.8% attained '0'. Compared to White children, "other" race children were more likely to meet '5' (aOR(95% CI):4.67(1.41, 5.45)); 2-5-years-olds (aOR(95%CI):0.60(0.38, 0.95)) and Black children (aOR(95%CI):0.36(0.21, 0.60)) were at decreased odds to meet '2' compared to younger or White children, respectively. Compared to younger children, 2-5-year-olds were at decreased odds to meet '0' (aOR(95%CI):0.08(0.02, 0.26))..Racially diverse, low-income children with TSE had low '5-2-1-0' attainment. Interventions are needed to improve lifestyle habits in this population.
• Merianos, A. L., Mahabee-gittens, E. M., Lyons, M. S., Jandarov, R. A., & Gordon, J. S. (2021). Evaluation of tobacco screening and counseling in a large, midwestern pediatric emergency department.. Tobacco prevention & cessation, 7, 39. doi:10.18332/tpc/134751
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  The study objective was to assess tobacco screening and cessation counseling practices of pediatric emergency department (PED) and urgent care (UC) nurses and physicians, and factors associated with these practices. Secondarily, we assessed factors associated with performing tobacco smoke exposure reduction and tobacco cessation counseling..We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 30 PED/UC nurses and physicians working at one large, urban, Midwestern children's hospital. Measures included current practices of performing the 5 As of tobacco counseling (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange), and attitude and practice factors that may influence practices..Overall, 90.0% of participants had not received recent tobacco counseling training, 73.3% were unaware of the 5 As, and 63.3% did not have a standardized, routine screening system to identify patients exposed to secondhand smoke. The majority of participants reported that they: asked about patients' secondhand smoke exposure status (70.0%) and parents' tobacco use status (53.3%), and advised parental smokers to not smoke around their child (70.0%) and to quit smoking (50%). One in five participants reported they assessed smokers' interest in quitting smoking, and 16.7% talked with smokers about cessation techniques and tactics; of these, 10% referred/enrolled smokers to the Tobacco Quitline or cessation program, and 6.7% made a quit plan or recommended nicotine replacement therapy medication..Key findings identified are the need for professional tobacco counseling training, standardizing efforts during visits, and emphasizing pediatric patients' potential health benefits. This information will be used for developing a PED/ UC-based parental tobacco cessation and child tobacco smoke exposure reduction intervention.
• Merianos, A. L., Mahabee-gittens, E. M., Lyons, M. S., Jandarov, R. A., & Gordon, J. S. (2021). Healthcare resources attributable to child tobacco smoke exposure.. PloS one, 16(2), e0247179. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247179
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  Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) places an economic toll on the U.S. healthcare system. There is a gap in the literature on pediatric emergency department (ED) and urgent care related healthcare costs and utilization specific to tobacco smoke-exposed patients. The objectives were to assess pediatric ED visits, urgent care visits and hospital admissions longitudinally, and baseline visit costs among tobacco smoke-exposed children (TSE group) relative to unexposed children (non-TSE group)..We conducted a retrospective study using electronic medical records of 380 children ages 0-17 years in the TSE group compared to 1,140 in the non-TSE group propensity score matched via nearest neighbor search by child age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Linear and Poisson regression models were used. Overall, children had a mean of 0.19 (SE = 0.01) repeat visits within 30-days, and 0.69 (SE = 0.04) pediatric ED visits and 0.87 (SE = 0.03) urgent care visits over 12-months following their baseline visit. The percent of children with ≥ 1 urgent care visit was higher among the TSE group (52.4%) than the non-TSE group (45.1%, p = 0.01). Children in the TSE group (M = $1,136.97, SE = 76.44) had higher baseline pediatric ED visit costs than the non-TSE group (M = $1,018.96, SE = 125.51, p = 0.01). Overall, children had 0.08 (SE = 0.01) hospital admissions over 12-months, and the TSE group (M = 0.12, SE = 0.02) had higher mean admissions than the non-TSE group (M = 0.06, SE = 0.01, p = 0.02). The child TSE group was at 1.85 times increased risk of having hospital admissions (95% CI = 1.23, 2.79, p = 0.003) than the non-TSE group..Tobacco smoke-exposed children had higher urgent care utilization and hospital admissions over 12-months, and higher pediatric ED costs at baseline. Pediatric ED visits, urgent care visits, and hospitalizations may be opportune times for initiating tobacco control interventions, which may result in reductions of preventable acute care visits.
• Akers, L., Andrews, J. A., & Gordon, J. S. (2020). A Multimedia Support Skills Intervention for Female Partners of Male Smokeless Tobacco Users: Use and Perceived Acceptability. JMIR formative research, 2(1).
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  UCare is a new multimedia (website+booklet) intervention for women who want their male partner to quit their use of smokeless tobacco. The intervention is based on research showing that perceived partner responsiveness to social support is highest when the supporter conveys respect, understanding, and caring in their actions. The website included both didactic and interactive features, with optional video components, and special activities to help women develop empathy for nicotine addiction. The booklet reinforced the website content, encouraged women to use the website, and served both as a physical reminder of the intervention and a convenient way to share the information with her partner.
• Akers, L., Andrews, J. A., Lichtenstein, E., Severson, H. H., & Gordon, J. S. (2020). Effect of a Responsiveness-Based Support Intervention on Smokeless Tobacco Cessation: The UCare-ChewFree Randomized Clinical Trial.. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 22(3), 381-389. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntz074
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  Partner behaviors and attitudes can motivate or undermine a tobacco user's cessation efforts. We developed a multimedia intervention, UCare (Understanding-CAring-REspect) for women who wanted their male partner to quit smokeless tobacco (ST), based on perceived partner responsiveness-the empirically based theory that support is best received when the supporter conveys respect, understanding, and caring..One thousand one hundred three women were randomized to receive either immediate access to the UCare website and printed booklet (Intervention; N = 552), or a Delayed Treatment control (N = 551). We assessed supportive behaviors and attitudes at baseline and 6-week follow-up, and the ST-using partner's abstinence at 6 weeks and 7.5 months (surrogate report)..For partners of women assigned to Intervention, 7.0% had quit all tobacco at 7.5 months, compared with 6.6% for control (χ2 (1, n = 1088) = .058, p = .810). For partners of women completing the intervention, 12.4% had quit all tobacco at 7.5 months, compared with 6.6% for Delayed Treatment (χ2 (1, n = 753) = 6.775, p = .009). A previously reported change in responsiveness-based behaviors and instrumental behaviors at 6 weeks mediated 7.5-month cessation, and change in responsiveness-based attitudes mediated the change in responsiveness-based behaviors, indirectly increasing cessation..A responsiveness-based intervention with female partners of male ST users improved supportive attitudes and behaviors, leading to higher cessation rates among tobacco users not actively seeking to quit. The study demonstrates the potential for responsiveness as a basis for effective intervention with supporters. This approach may reach tobacco users who would not directly seek help..This study demonstrates the value of a responsiveness-based intervention (showing respect, understanding, and caring) in training partners to provide support for a loved one to quit ST. In a randomized clinical trial, 1,103 women married to or living with a ST user were randomized to receive the UCare-ChewFree intervention (website + booklet) or a Delayed Treatment control. Women completing the intervention were more likely to improve their behaviors and attitudes, and change in behaviors and attitudes mediated cessation outcomes for their partners, who had not enrolled in the study and may not have been seeking to quit..ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01885221.
• Armin, J. S., Nair, U., Giacobbi, P., Povis, G., Barraza, Y., & Gordon, J. S. (2020). Developing a Guided Imagery Telephone-Based Tobacco Cessation Program for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Tobacco use insights, 13, 1179173X20949267.
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  Guided imagery is an evidence-based, multi-sensory, cognitive process that can be used to increase motivation and achieve a desired behavior. Quitlines are effective, standard care approaches for tobacco cessation; however, utilization of quitlines is low. Using guided imagery-based interventions for smoking cessation may appeal to smokers who do not utilize traditional quitline services. This paper reports the development of program materials for a randomized controlled feasibility trial of a guided imagery-based smoking cessation intervention. The objective of the formative work was to ensure that program materials are inclusive of groups that are less likely to use quitlines, including men and racial/ethnic minority tobacco users.
• Gordon, J. S., Barazza, Y., Povis, G., Giacobbi, P. R., Nair, U. S., & Armin, J. S. (2020). Developing a Guided Imagery Telephone-Based Tobacco Cessation Program for a Randomized Controlled Trial.. Tobacco Use Insights. doi:http://hdl.handle.net/10150/634535
• Gordon, J. S., Bell, M. L., Armin, J. S., Giacobbi, P. R., & Nair, U. S. (2020). A telephone-based guided imagery tobacco cessation intervention: results of a randomized feasibility trial. Translational behavioral medicine.
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  Evidence supports the use of guided imagery for smoking cessation; however, scalable delivery methods are needed to make it a viable approach. Telephone-based tobacco quitlines are a standard of care, but reach is limited. Adding guided imagery to quitline services might increase reach by offering an alternative approach.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Ammerman, R. T., Khoury, J. C., Tabangin, M. E., Ding, L., Merianos, A. L., Stone, L., & Gordon, J. S. (2020). A Parental Smoking Cessation Intervention in the Pediatric Emergency Setting: A Randomized Trial. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21).
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  We examined the efficacy of a pediatric emergency visit-based screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) condition compared to a control condition (Healthy Habits Control, HHC) to help parental smokers quit smoking. We enrolled 750 parental smokers who presented to the pediatric emergency setting with their child into a two-group randomized controlled clinical trial. SBIRT participants received brief cessation coaching, quitting resources, and up to 12-weeks of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). HHC participants received healthy lifestyle coaching and resources. The primary outcome was point-prevalence tobacco abstinence at six weeks (T1) and six months (T2). The mean (SD) age of parents was 31.8 (7.7) years, and 86.8% were female, 52.7% were Black, and 64.6% had an income of ≤$15,000. Overall abstinence rates were not statistically significant with 4.2% in both groups at T1 and 12.9% and 8.3% in the SBIRT and HHC groups, respectively, at T2. There were statistically significant differences in SBIRT versus HHC participants on the median (IQR) reduction of daily cigarettes smoked at T1 from baseline (-2 [-5, 0] versus 0 [-4, 0], = 0.0008),at T2 from baseline (-4 [-9, -1] vs. -2 [-5, 0], = 0.0006), and on the mean (SD) number of quit attempts at T2 from baseline (1.25 (6.5) vs. 0.02 (4.71), = 0.02). Self-reported quitting rates were higher in SBIRT parents who received NRT (83.3% vs. 50.9%, = 0.04). The novel use of the pediatric emergency visit to conduct cessation interventions helped parents quit smoking. The near equivalent abstinence rates in both the SBIRT and HHC groups may be due to underlying parental concern about their child's health. Cessation interventions in this setting may result in adult and pediatric public health benefits.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Merianos, A. L., Tabangin, M. E., Stone, L., Gordon, J. S., & Khoury, J. C. (2020). Provision of free nicotine replacement therapy to parental smokers in the pediatric emergency setting. Tobacco prevention & cessation, 6, 30.
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  Although the administration of free Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is effective in helping smokers quit, the feasibility, acceptability and safety of this practice have not been examined in the emergency setting of the pediatric emergency department (PED) or urgent care (UC). We examined the characteristics of parental smokers who were interested and eligible for free NRT during their child's emergency visit and the uptake, usage, and associated side effects of NRT use.
• Mahabee-gittens, E. M., Merianos, A. L., Dexheimer, J. W., Meyers, G. T., Stone, L., Khoury, J. C., Gordon, J. S., & Tabangin, M. E. (2020). Utilization of a Clinical Decision Support Tool to Reduce Child Tobacco Smoke Exposure in the Urgent Care Setting.. Pediatric emergency care, 36(11), 527-531. doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000001646
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  Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) may facilitate caregiver tobacco screening and counseling by pediatric urgent care (UC) nurses..This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a CDSS to address caregivers' tobacco use and child tobacco smoke exposure (TSE)..We conducted a 3-month prospective study on caregivers screened using a CDSS. Nurses used the CDSS to advise, assess, and assist caregivers to quit. We assessed caregiver sociodemographics, smoking habits, and child TSE..We screened 185 caregivers whose children were exposed to TSE for study inclusion; 155 (84%) met the eligibility criteria, and 149 (80.5%) were included in the study. Study nurses advised 35.2% of the caregivers to quit, assessed 35.9% for readiness to quit, and assisted 32.4%. Of the 149 participants, 83.1% were female; 47.0% were white and 45.6% African American; 84.6% had public insurance or were self-pay; 71.1% were highly nicotine dependent; 50.0% and 50.7% allowed smoking in the home and car, respectively; and 81.3% of children were biochemically confirmed to be exposed to tobacco smoke. At follow-up (86.6% retention), 58.9% reported quit attempts at 3 months. There was a significant decrease in nicotine dependence and a significant increase in motivation to quit. Self-reported quit rate was 7.8% at 3 months..An electronic health record-embedded CDSS was feasible to incorporate into busy UC nurses' workloads and was associated with encouraging changes in the smoking behavior of caregivers. More research on the use of CDSS to screen and counsel caregivers who smoke in the UC and other acute care settings is warranted.
• Merianos, A. L., Jandarov, R. A., Gordon, J. S., Lyons, M. S., & Mahabee-Gittens, E. M. (2020). Child tobacco smoke exposure and healthcare resource utilization patterns. Pediatric research, 88(4), 571-579.
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  The objective was to examine the relationship between healthcare resource utilization patterns in tobacco smoke-exposed children (TSE group) compared with unexposed children (non-TSE group).
• Nair, U. S., Giacobbi, P. R., Armin, J. S., Bell, M. L., & Gordon, J. S. (2020). A Telephone-based Guided Imagery Tobacco Cessation Intervention: Results of a Randomized Feasibility Trial.. Translational Behavioral Medicine, Gordon J., Bell, Bell, M.B., Armin, J.S., Giacobbi, P.R., & Nair, U.S. (under review). Translational Behavioral Medicine. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa052
• Ajiboye, A. S., Gordon, J. S., Fox, C. H., & Garcia, R. I. (2019). Oral Health Effects of Tobacco Products: Science and Regulatory Policy. Journal of dental research, 98(11), 1168-1172.
• Akers, L., Andrews, J. A., Lichtenstein, E., Severson, H. H., & Gordon, J. S. (2019). Effect of a Responsiveness-based support intervention on smokeless tobacco cessation: The UCare-ChewFree randomized clinical trial. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.
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  Partner behaviors and attitudes can motivate or undermine a tobacco user's cessation efforts. We developed a multimedia intervention, UCare (Understanding-CAring-REspect) for women who wanted their male partner to quit smokeless tobacco, based on perceived partner responsiveness--the empirically based theory that support is best received when the supporter conveys respect, understanding, and caring.
• Bell, M. L., Nair, U. S., Armin, J. S., Giacobbi, P., & Gordon, J. S. (2019). Testing the feasibility of a Guided Imagery Tobacco Cessation Intervention Delivered by a Telephone Quitline: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 16.
• Bell, M. L., Nair, U. S., Armin, J. S., Jaccobi, P., & Gordon, J. S. (2019). Testing the feasibility of a Guided Imagery Tobacco Cessation Intervention Delivered by a Telephone Quitline: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 16. doi:doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100437
• Gordon, J. S., Giacobbi, P., Armin, J. S., Nair, U. S., Bell, M. L., & Povis, G. (2019). Testing the feasibility of a guided imagery tobacco cessation intervention delivered by a telephone quitline: Study protocol for a randomized controlled feasibility trial. Contemporary clinical trials communications, 16, 100437.
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  Guided imagery (GI) is an evidence-based method that uses the imagination to practice and achieve a desired outcome. Little research has focused on how GI can be delivered to smokers using remote or virtual methods, such as a telephone-based intervention. Telephone-based services for tobacco cessation (quitlines) have emerged as standard of care for tobacco cessation. However, quitlines reach only a small fraction of smokers, and men and racial/ethnic minorities are less likely to use quitlines than majority women. GI has the potential to attract under-served minority groups as well as smokers who are looking for an alternative approach to cessation. The present study is designed to test the feasibility and potential impact of a GI tobacco cessation intervention delivered by telephone. This study compares the GI intervention with a standard behavioral (SB) intervention.
• Gordon, J. S., Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Merianos, A. L., Stone, L., Tabangin, M. E., & Khoury, J. C. (2019).

  Tobacco Use Behaviors and Perceptions of Parental Smokers in the Emergency Department Setting

  . Tobacco Use Insights, 12, 1179173X1984139. doi:10.1177/1179173x19841392
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Merianos, A. L., Gordon, J. S., Stone, L., Semenova, O., & Matt, G. E. (2019). Electronic Health Record Classification of Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Cotinine Levels in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients. Hospital pediatrics, 9(9), 659-664.
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  Documentation of children's tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) in the electronic health record (EHR) can have important implications for clinical care. However, it may not be accurate if it is not based on biochemical assessment, the most reliable method of verifying TSE. Our objectives were to compare the accuracy of EHR classification of TSE with cotinine verification and to explore parent and child variables associated with biochemically verified TSE.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Merianos, A. L., Stone, L., Tabangin, M. E., Khoury, J. C., & Gordon, J. S. (2019). Tobacco Use Behaviors and Perceptions of Parental Smokers in the Emergency Department Setting. Tobacco use insights, 12, 1179173X19841392.
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  More information is needed about modifiable child tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) patterns in racially diverse parental smokers to tailor interventions designed to help parents quit smoking and reduce their child's TSE. Our objectives were to determine whether there were differences in smoking and TSE patterns based on parental race and child age and whether these patterns differed based on child age within black and white parental smokers. Secondary objectives were to assess the relationship between parental perceptions about the effects of smoking and the benefits of quitting on their child based on child age, race, and reported TSE patterns and to examine biochemically verified TSE levels by child age, race, and parent-reported TSE patterns.
• Merianos, A. L., Gordon, J. S., Wood, K. J., & Mahabee-gittens, E. M. (2019). National Institutes of Health Funding for Tobacco Control: 2006 and 2016.. American journal of health promotion : AJHP, 33(2), 279-284. doi:10.1177/0890117118779013
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  The study objective was to describe and compare changes in newly funded National Institutes of Health (NIH) tobacco-related awards between fiscal year (FY) 2006 and FY2016..Secondary analysis of NIH data..National Institutes of Health Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool database was used..National Institutes of Health tobacco-related awards newly funded during FY2006 and FY2016..Search terms included tobacco, smoking, nicotine, secondhand smoke, and e-cigarettes. Grants and funding amounts were retrieved..We calculated frequency distributions to determine the number and percentage of total NIH grants funded overall and by specific institute, and inflation-adjusted total and median funding amounts. We computed percentage differences in number of new grants, funding amounts, and percentage of funding allocated overall, and by institute..There was a 187% increase in the percentage of total NIH funding allocated to new tobacco-related awards from 0.09% in FY2006 to 0.25% in FY2016. Total number of awards increased by 67% in FY2016 (n = 144; $56 015 931) compared to FY2006 (n = 86; $22 076 987), and there was a 154% increase in inflation-adjusted total funding for tobacco control. The top funding institutes were National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Cancer Institute; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism was third in FY2006; and National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in FY2016. Research grants were the most frequently funded. Smoking cessation was a common topic area and increased by 64%..NIH funding is critical for advancing the science of nicotine and tobacco research.
• Akers, L., & Gordon, J. S. (2018). Using Facebook for Large-Scale Online Randomized Clinical Trial Recruitment: Effective Advertising Strategies. Journal of medical Internet research, 20(11), e290.
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  Targeted Facebook advertising can be an effective strategy to recruit participants for a large-scale online study. Facebook advertising is useful for reaching people in a wide geographic area, matching a specific demographic profile. It can also target people who would be unlikely to search for the information and would thus not be accessible via Google AdWords. It is especially useful when it is desirable not to raise awareness of the study in a demographic group that would be ineligible for the study. This paper describes the use of Facebook advertising to recruit and enroll 1145 women over a 15-month period for a randomized clinical trial to teach support skills to female partners of male smokeless tobacco users. This tutorial shares our study team's experiences, lessons learned, and recommendations to help researchers design Facebook advertising campaigns. Topics covered include designing the study infrastructure to optimize recruitment and enrollment tracking, creating a Facebook presence via a fan page, designing ads that attract potential participants while meeting Facebook's strict requirements, and planning and managing an advertising campaign that accommodates the rapid rate of diminishing returns for each ad.
• Akers, L., Andrews, J. A., & Gordon, J. S. (2018). A Multimedia Support Skills Intervention for Female Partners of Male Smokeless Tobacco Users: Use and Perceived Acceptability. JMIR Formative Research, 2(1), e10. doi:10.2196/jmir.9948
• Allen, A. M., Carlson, S., Bosch, T., Eberly, L., Okuyemi, K., Nair, U. S., & Gordon, J. S. (2018). High Intensity Interval Training and Continuous Aerobic Exercise Interventions to Promote Self-Initiated Quit Attempts in Smokers: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Lessons Learned from a Randomized Pilot Trial. Journal of Addiction Medicine.
• Allen, A., Carlson, S. C., Bosch, T. A., Eberly, L. E., Okuyemi, K., Nair, U., & Gordon, J. S. (2018). High-intensity Interval Training and Continuous Aerobic Exercise Interventions to Promote Self-initiated Quit Attempts in Young Adults Who Smoke: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Lessons Learned from a Randomized Pilot Trial. Journal of addiction medicine.
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  While exercise significantly reduces craving for cigarettes, the effect of exercise on self-initiation of quit attempts is less known. Therefore, this randomized pilot study explored the effect of starting an exercise program on self-initiated quit attempts, and also the feasibility and acceptability of a novel exercise intervention, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), as compared with a more traditional continuous aerobic (CA) exercise intervention.
• Gordon, J. S., Povis, G., Nair, U. S., Gordon, J. S., Giacobbi, P. R., Bell, M. L., & Armin, J. (2018). Development of a guided imagery tobacco cessation intervention to be delivered by quitline and website. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 16(1). doi:10.18332/tid/83795
• Gordon, J. S., Thomson, C. A., Wertheim, B. C., Reikowsky, R. C., & Nair, U. S. (2018). Quit Outcomes and Program Utilization by Mode of Entry among Clients Enrolling in a Quitline. American Journal of Health Promotion, 32(7), 1510-1517.
• Gordon, J. S., Thomson, C. A., Wertheim, B., Reikowsky, R. C., & Nair, U. S. (2018). Quit Outcomes and Program Utilization by Mode of Entry among Clients Enrolling in a Quitline.. American Journal of Health Promotion.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Merianos, A. L., Dexheimer, J. W., Meyers, G. T., Stone, L., Tabangin, M., Khoury, J. C., & Gordon, J. S. (2018). Utilization of a Clinical Decision Support Tool to Reduce Child Tobacco Smoke Exposure in the Urgent Care Setting. Pediatric emergency care.
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  Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) may facilitate caregiver tobacco screening and counseling by pediatric urgent care (UC) nurses.
• Mahabee-gittens, E. M., Dexheimer, J. W., Khoury, J. C., Merianos, A. L., Stone, L., Meyers, G. T., Gordon, J. S., & Tabangin, M. E. (2018). An Electronic Health Record-Based Strategy to Address Child Tobacco Smoke Exposure.. American journal of preventive medicine, 54(1), 64-71. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2017.08.011
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  A high proportion of children presenting to pediatric urgent cares are exposed to tobacco smoke. An electronic health record-based clinical decision support system for nurses to facilitate guideline-based tobacco smoke exposure screening and counseling for caregivers who smoke was designed and evaluated..A mixed-methods, 3-month, prospective study that began in November 2015, data were analyzed in June 2016..Five urgent cares that were part of a large children's hospital in Cincinnati, OH. Participants were urgent care nurses..The clinical decision support system prompted nurses to Ask, Advise, Assess, and Assist caregivers to quit smoking. Monthly feedback reports were also provided..Clinical decision support system use rates, nurses' attitudes towards tobacco smoke exposure intervention, and percentage of children screened and caregivers counseled..All nurses used the clinical decision support system. Compared with Month 1, nurses were twice as likely to advise and assess during Months 2 and 3. There was significant improvement in nurses feeling prepared to assist caregivers in quitting. Nurses reported that feedback reports motivated them to use the clinical decision support system, and that it was easy to use. Almost 65% of children were screened for tobacco smoke exposure; 19.5% screened positive. Of caregivers identified as smokers, 26% were advised to quit and 29% were assessed for readiness to quit. Of those assessed, 67% were interested in quitting, and of those, 100% were assisted..A clinical decision support system increased rates of tobacco smoke exposure screening and intervention in pediatric urgent cares. Rates might further improve by incorporating all components of the clinical decision support system into the electronic health record..This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02489708.
• Merianos, A. L., Gordon, J. S., Wood, K. J., & Mahabee-Gittens, E. M. (2018). National Institutes of Health Funding for Tobacco Control: 2006 and 2016. American journal of health promotion : AJHP, 890117118779013.
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  The study objective was to describe and compare changes in newly funded National Institutes of Health (NIH) tobacco-related awards between fiscal year (FY) 2006 and FY2016.
• Merianos, A. L., Mancuso, T. F., Gordon, J. S., Wood, K. J., Cimperman, K. A., & Mahabee-gittens, E. M. (2018). Dual- and Polytobacco/Nicotine Product Use Trends in a National Sample of High School Students.. American journal of health promotion : AJHP, 32(5), 1280-1290. doi:10.1177/0890117117743361
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  The study purpose was to examine changes in patterns of ever and current dual- and polyproduct use over time and to examine demographic and modifiable risk factors including tobacco smoke exposure (TSE)..A secondary analysis of the 2013 to 2015 National Youth Tobacco Survey data..Nationwide high schools were selected..A total of 31 022 high school students..Ever and current (past 30 days) tobacco/nicotine product use, home tobacco/nicotine product use, TSE and e-cigarette vapor exposure, and demographic characteristics were measured..Multivariable logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models..Of the students, 9.4% were ever dual users and 18.6% were ever poly users. Rates of ever/current use of e-cigarettes and hookah increased from 2013 to 2015 (all Ps < .001). In 2015, participants were 4.8 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5-5.2) and 4.0 times (95% CI, 3.5-4.4) more likely to report ever/current e-cigarette use and 1.61 times (95% CI, 1.5-1.7) and 1.48 times (95% CI, 1.3-1.7) more likely to report ever/current hookah use. Participants reporting TSE were 15.4 times (95% CI, 11.5-21.0) more likely to report current poly use, and those with e-cigarette exposure were 10.4 times (95% CI, 7.8-13.8) more likely to report current poly use..From 2013 to 2015, rates of ever and current use of e-cigarettes and hookah increased. Tobacco smoke and e-cigarette exposure were associated with higher rates of dual and poly use. Prevention efforts targeting these products are needed.
• Nair, U. S., Reikowsky, R. C., Wertheim, B. C., Thomson, C. A., & Gordon, J. S. (2018). Quit Outcomes and Program Utilization by Mode of Entry Among Clients Enrolling in a Quitline. American journal of health promotion : AJHP, 32(7), 1510-1517.
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  To investigate how mode of entry into a quitline influences program utilization and quit outcomes among clients seeking cessation services.
• Abbate, K. J., Hingle, M. D., Armin, J., Giacobbi, P., & Gordon, J. S. (2017). Recruiting Women to a Mobile Health Smoking Cessation Trial: Low- and No-Cost Strategies. JMIR research protocols, 6(11), e219.
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  Successful recruitment of participants to mobile health (mHealth) studies presents unique challenges over in-person studies. It is important to identify recruitment strategies that maximize the limited recruitment resources available to researchers.
• Armin, J., Johnson, T., Hingle, M., Giacobbi, P., & Gordon, J. S. (2017). Development of a Multi-Behavioral mHealth App for Women Smokers. Journal of health communication, 22(2), 153-162.
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  This article describes the development of the See Me Smoke-Free™ (SMSF) mobile health application, which uses guided imagery to support women in smoking cessation, eating a healthy diet, and increasing physical activity. Focus group discussions, with member checks, were conducted to refine the intervention content and app user interface. Data related to the context of app deployment were collected via user testing sessions and internal quality control testing, which identified and addressed functionality issues, content problems, and bugs. Interactive app features include playback of guided imagery audio files, notification pop-ups, award-sharing on social media, a tracking calendar, content resources, and direct call to the local tobacco quitline. Focus groups helped design the user interface and identified several themes for incorporation into app content, including positivity, the rewards of smoking cessation, and the integrated benefits of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. User testing improved app functionality and usability on many Android phone models. Changes to the app content and function were made iteratively by the development team as a result of focus group and user testing. Despite extensive internal and user testing, unanticipated data collection and reporting issues emerged during deployment due not only to the variety of Android software and hardware but also to individual phone settings and use.
• Eaves, E. R., Howerter, A., Nichter, M., Floden, L., Gordon, J. S., Ritenbaugh, C., & Muramoto, M. L. (2017). Implementation of tobacco cessation brief intervention in complementary and alternative medicine practice: qualitative evaluation. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 17(1), 331.
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  This article presents findings from qualitative interviews conducted as part of a research study that trained Acupuncture, Massage, and Chiropractic practitioners' in Arizona, US, to implement evidence-based tobacco cessation brief interventions (BI) in their routine practice. The qualitative phase of the overall study aimed to assess: the impact of tailored training in evidence-based tobacco cessation BI on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners' knowledge and willingness to implement BIs in their routine practice; and their patients' responses to cessation intervention in CAM context.
• Giacobbi, P., Giacobbi, P., Howe, C. L., Howe, C. L., Roe, D., Roe, D., Hingle, M. D., Hingle, M. D., Armin, J. S., Armin, J. S., Johnson, T., Johnson, T., Cunningham, J. K., Cunningham, J. K., Gordon, J. S., & Gordon, J. S. (2017). Development and Evaluation of the See Me Smoke-Free Multi-Behavioral mHealth App for Women Smokers. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 7(2), 172-184.
• Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Hampson, S. H., Gunn, B., Christiansen, S. M., & Jacobs, T. (2017). Postintervention Effects of Click City(®)Alcohol on Changing Etiological Mechanisms Related to the Onset of Heavy Drinking. Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 1090198116683678.
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  Alcohol consumption, including heavy drinking, is the fourth leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Youth who engage in heavy drinking are likely to experience a number of problems associated with their use. In 2015, U.S. prevalence of heavy drinking was 17% among 12th graders. These data suggest a clear need for conducting alcohol prevention activities among youth.
• Gordon, J. S., Armin, J. S., Bell, M. L., Romine, J., & Schmidt, C. (2017). User Participation and Engagement With the See Me Smoke-Free mHealth App: Prospective Feasibility Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 5(10), e142.
• Gordon, J. S., Armin, J., D Hingle, M., Giacobbi, P., Cunningham, J. K., Johnson, T., Abbate, K., Howe, C. L., & Roe, D. J. (2017). Development and evaluation of the See Me Smoke-Free multi-behavioral mHealth app for women smokers. Translational behavioral medicine, 7(2), 172-184.
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  Women face particular challenges when quitting smoking, especially those with weight concerns. A multi-behavioral smoking cessation intervention addressing these concerns and incorporating guided imagery may assist women to engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors. An mHealth app can easily disseminate such an intervention. The goals of this pilot study were to develop and test the feasibility and potential of the See Me Smoke-Free™ mHealth app to address smoking, diet, and physical activity among women smokers. We used pragmatic, direct-to-consumer methods to develop and test program content, functionality, and the user interface and conduct a pre-/post-test, 90-day pilot study. We enrolled 151 participants. Attrition was 52%, leaving 73 participants. At 90 days, 47% of participants reported 7-day abstinence and significant increases in physical activity and fruit consumption. Recruitment methods worked well, but similar to other mHealth studies, we experienced high attrition. This study suggests that a guided imagery mHealth app has the potential to address multiple behaviors. Future research should consider different methods to improve retention and assess efficacy.
• Gordon, J. S., Giacobbi, Jr., P., Hingle, M. D., Johnson, T., & Armin, J. S. (2017). Development of a multi-behavioral mHealth app for women smokers. Journal of Health Communication, 22(2), 153-162.
• Jacobs, T. A., Christiansen, S. M., Muramoto, M. L., Cunningham, J. K., Armin, J. S., & Gordon, J. S. (2017). Lessons learned in the development and evaluation of RxCoach™, an mHealth app to increase tobacco cessation medication adherence.omen smokers.. Patient Education & Counseling, 100(4), 720-727. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2016.11.003
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Ammerman, R. T., Khoury, J. C., Stone, L., Meyers, G. T., Witry, J. K., Merianos, A. L., Mancuso, T. F., Stackpole, K. M., Bennett, B. L., Akers, L., & Gordon, J. S. (2017). Healthy families: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment intervention for caregivers to reduce secondhand smoke exposure among pediatric emergency patients. BMC public health, 17(1), 374.
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  Involuntary exposure to secondhand smoke (SHSe) is an important cause of morbidity in children who present to the pediatric emergency department (PED) and urgent care (UC). SHSe interventions delivered in the PED and UC would benefit both the smoker and child, but there have been no large trials testing the efficacy of such interventions. The Healthy Families program is the first randomized controlled trial to test whether a screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) intervention delivered in the PED and UC will be effective in decreasing SHSe in children and increasing cessation in smokers.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Dexheimer, J. W., Tabangin, M., Khoury, J. C., Merianos, A. L., Stone, L., Meyers, G. T., & Gordon, J. S. (2017). An Electronic Health Record-Based Strategy to Address Child Tobacco Smoke Exposure. American journal of preventive medicine.
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  A high proportion of children presenting to pediatric urgent cares are exposed to tobacco smoke. An electronic health record-based clinical decision support system for nurses to facilitate guideline-based tobacco smoke exposure screening and counseling for caregivers who smoke was designed and evaluated.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Gordon, J. S., Melink, K. F., & Merianos, A. L. (2017). Top 100 Cited Articles in Recent Tobacco Research. Journal of behavioral health, 6(1), 16-25.
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  The total citations that a peer-reviewed manuscript has is often used to measure the impact that a publication has in its respective field of study. Both the citation count and total number of publications are often used as measures of academic productivity and success. This issue has been previously investigated in the field of tobacco control research. Given the changing landscape in the field of tobacco research since 2004, we sought to re-examine this issue. The study purpose was to identify the 100 top-cited tobacco-related articles published since 2005, and to categorize and describe the fields of study represented in these articles.
• Merianos, A. L., Mancuso, T. F., Gordon, J. S., Wood, K. J., Cimperman, K. A., & Mahabee-Gittens, E. M. (2017). Dual- and Polytobacco/Nicotine Product Use Trends in a National Sample of High School Students. American journal of health promotion : AJHP, 890117117743361.
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  The study purpose was to examine changes in patterns of ever and current dual- and polyproduct use over time and to examine demographic and modifiable risk factors including tobacco smoke exposure (TSE).
• Schmidt, C. A., Romine, J. K., Bell, M. L., Armin, J., & Gordon, J. S. (2017). User Participation and Engagement With the See Me Smoke-Free mHealth App: Prospective Feasibility Trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 5(10), e142.
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  The See Me Smoke-Free (SMSF) mobile health (mHealth) app was developed to help women quit smoking by targeting concerns about body weight, body image, and self-efficacy through cognitive behavioral techniques and guided imagery audio files addressing smoking, diet, and physical activity. A feasibility trial found associations between SMSF usage and positive treatment outcomes. This paper reports a detailed exploration of program use among eligible individuals consenting to study participation and completing the baseline survey (participants) and ineligible or nonconsenting app installers (nonparticipants), as well as the relationship between program use and treatment outcomes.
• Akers, L., Gordon, J. S., Brady, Z., Andrews, J. A., & Severson, H. H. (2016). Utility of Responsiveness Theory for Classifying Supportive Behaviors to Enhance Smokeless Tobacco Cessation.. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 18(5), 1150-6. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv282
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  Although social support is correlated with successful tobacco cessation, interventions designed to optimize social support have shown mixed results. Understanding the process of providing social support for tobacco cessation may suggest new approaches to intervention. Responsiveness theory provides a new framework for classifying supportive behaviors in the context of tobacco cessation. It proposes three main components to sustaining relationship quality when providing support to an intimate partner: showing respect, showing understanding, and showing caring..Interviews were conducted with 35 women whose husbands or domestic partners had quit smokeless tobacco and were analyzed within a responsiveness theory framework: Positive and negative instances of the three supportive components were expressed in terms of beliefs and attitudes, interactions with the chewer, and behaviors outside of the interaction context..Positive activities included respecting the chewer's decision on whether, when, and how to quit; perspective-taking and other efforts to understand his subjective experience; and expressing warmth and affection toward the chewer. Particularly problematic for the women were the challenges of respecting the chewer's autonomy (ie, negative behaviors such as nagging him to quit or monitoring his adherence to his cessation goal) and lack of understanding the nature of addiction..The findings help to confirm the potential utility of responsiveness theory for elucidating the breadth of both positive and negative forms of partner support that may be useful to guide social support interventions for tobacco cessation..The study provides a categorization system for positive and negative social support during smokeless tobacco cessation, based on responsiveness theory and interviews with 35 partners of smokeless users.
• Albert, D. A., Bruzelius, E., Ward, A., & Gordon, J. S. (2016). Identifying Multilevel Barriers to Tobacco Intervention in Post-Doctoral Dental Education. Journal of Dental Education.
• Albert, D. A., Bruzelius, E., Ward, A., & Gordon, J. S. (2016). Identifying Multilevel Barriers to Tobacco Intervention in Postdoctoral Dental Education. Journal of dental education, 80(4), 408-15.
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  The aims of this mixed-methods study were to assess tobacco treatment behaviors among residents and faculty in dental specialty postdoctoral programs and to explore factors in training and practice related to tobacco treatment education. Surveys and focus groups were conducted with a convenience sample of participants at three postdoctoral residency programs in New York City. Surveys assessed tobacco cessation training and behaviors. Focus groups explored barriers to implementing tobacco cessation treatment in educational settings. Data were collected between May and December 2013. Among the 160 faculty and residents identified as potentially eligible for the study, 60 were invited by program directors to participate, and 50 subsequently completed the survey and participated in a focus group (response rate of 31.3%). Survey results indicated high levels of asking patients about tobacco use and advising patients to quit. In contrast, specific tobacco cessation assistance and follow-up care occurred less frequently. There were statistically significant differences in tobacco cessation intervention across the specialties surveyed, but not between residents and faculty. Focus group comments were grouped into three broad areas: clinician factors, organizational support, and structural and contextual factors. Focus group results indicated that participants experienced significant organizational and structural barriers to learning about and providing tobacco treatment. Participants from each specialty indicated that multi-level barriers impeded their provision of evidence-based tobacco cessation interventions in postdoctoral educational settings. They suggested that didactic education should be reinforced by organizational- and systems-level changes to facilitate comprehensive tobacco education and effective cessation treatment in future dental practice.
• Eaves, E. R., Nichter, M., Howerter, A., Floden, L., Ritenbaugh, C., Gordon, J. S., & Muramoto, M. L. (2016). Printed Educational Materials' Impact on Tobacco Cessation Brief Interventions in CAM Practice: Patient and Practitioner Experiences. Health promotion practice, 17(6), 862-870.
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  Printed educational materials (PEMs) have long demonstrated their usefulness as economical and effective media for health communication. In this article, we evaluate the impact of targeted tobacco cessation PEMS for use along with a brief intervention training designed for three types of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners: chiropractic, acupuncture, and massage. We describe how PEMs in CAM practitioners' offices were perceived and used by practitioners and by patients. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 53 practitioners and 38 of their patients. This analysis specifically focused on developing and distributing project-related posters and pamphlets in CAM practice. Our findings indicate that materials (1) legitimated tobacco-related expertise among CAM practitioners and tobacco-related conversations as part of routine CAM practice, (2) increased practitioners' willingness to approach the topic of tobacco with patients, (3) created an effective way to communicate tobacco-related information and broaden the reach of brief intervention initiatives, and (4) were given to patients who were not willing to engage in direct discussion of tobacco use with practitioners.
• Giacobbi, P., Hingle, M., Johnson, T., Cunningham, J. K., Armin, J., & Gordon, J. S. (2016). See Me Smoke-Free: Protocol for a Research Study to Develop and Test the Feasibility of an mHealth App for Women to Address Smoking, Diet, and Physical Activity. JMIR research protocols, 5(1), e12.
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  This paper presents the protocol for an ongoing research study to develop and test the feasibility of a multi-behavioral mHealth app. Approximately 27 million women smoke in the US, and more than 180,000 women die of illnesses linked to smoking annually. Women report greater difficulties quitting smoking. Concerns about weight gain, negative body image, and low self-efficacy may be key factors affecting smoking cessation among women. Recent studies suggest that a multi-behavioral approach, including diet and physical activity, may be more effective at helping women quit. Guided imagery has been successfully used to address body image concerns and self-efficacy in our 3 target behaviors-exercise, diet and smoking cessation. However, it has not been used simultaneously for smoking, diet, and exercise behavior in a single intervention. While imagery is an effective therapeutic tool for behavior change, the mode of delivery has generally been in person, which limits reach. mHealth apps delivered via smart phones offer a unique channel through which to distribute imagery-based interventions.
• Gordon, J. S., Albert, D. A., Bruzelius, E., & Ward, A. (2016).

  Identifying Multilevel Barriers to Tobacco Intervention in Postdoctoral Dental Education

  . Journal of Dental Education, 80(4), 408-415. doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2016.80.4.tb06098.x
• Gordon, J. S., Armin, J. S., Cunningham, J. K., Muramoto, M. L., Christiansen, S. M., & Jacobs, T. A. (2016). Lessons learned in the development and evaluation of RxCoach™, an mHealth app to increase tobacco cessation medication adherence. Patient education and counseling.
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  In this project we developed and evaluated a mobile health app to improve adherence to tobacco cessation medication.
• Gordon, J. S., Armin, J. S., Cunningham, J. K., Muramoto, M. L., Christiansen, S. M., & Jacobs, T. A. (2016). Lessons learned in the development and evaluation of RxCoach™, an mHealth app to increase tobacco cessation medication adherence.omen smokers.. Patient Education & Counseling. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2016.11.003
• Gordon, J. S., Armin, J. S., Cunningham, J. K., Muramoto, M. L., Christiansen, S., & Jacobs, T. (2016). Development of RxCoach™: A theory-based mobile app to improve adherence to smoking cessation medication. Patient Education & Counseling. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2016.11.003
• Lustre, B. L., Dixon, C. A., Merianos, A. L., Gordon, J. S., Zhang, B., & Mahabee-Gittens, E. M. (2016). Assessment of tobacco smoke exposure in the pediatric emergency department. Preventive medicine, 85, 42-46.
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  Tobacco smoke exposure causes significant childhood morbidity and is associated with a multitude of conditions. National organizations recommend tobacco smoke exposure screening at all pediatric clinical encounters. Data regarding tobacco smoke exposure screening in the pediatric emergency department is sparse, although children with tobacco smoke exposure-associated conditions commonly present to this setting. We aimed to determine the frequency and outcome of tobacco smoke exposure screening in the pediatric emergency department, and assess associated sociodemographic/clinical characteristics.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., & Gordon, J. S. (2016). Erratum to "Missed opportunities to intervene with caregivers of young children highly exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke" [Prev. Med. 69 (2014) 304-305] DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.10.031.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Dexheimer, J. W., & Gordon, J. S. (2016). Development of a Tobacco Cessation Clinical Decision Support System for Pediatric Emergency Nurses. Computers, informatics, nursing : CIN.
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  Almost 50% of children who visit the pediatric emergency department are exposed to tobacco smoke. However, pediatric emergency nurses do not routinely address this issue. The incorporation of a clinical decision support system into the electronic health record may improve the rates of tobacco exposure screening and interventions. We used a mixed-methods design to develop, refine, and implement an evidence-based clinical decision support system to help nurses screen, educate, and assist caregivers to quit smoking. We included an advisory panel of emergency department experts and leaders and focus and user groups of nurses. The prompts include the following: (1) "Ask" about child smoke exposure and caregiver smoking; (2) "Advise" caregivers to reduce their child's smoke exposure by quitting smoking; (3) "Assess" interest; and (4) "Assist" caregivers to quit. The clinical decision support system was created to reflect nurses' suggestions and was implemented in five busy urgent care settings with 38 nurses. The nurses reported that the system was easy to use and helped them to address caregiver smoking. The use of this innovative tool may create a sustainable and disseminable model for prompting nurses to provide evidence-based tobacco cessation treatment.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Dexheimer, J. W., Khoury, J. C., Miller, J. A., & Gordon, J. S. (2016). Development and Testing of a Computerized Decision Support System to Facilitate Brief Tobacco Cessation Treatment in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Proposal and Protocol. JMIR research protocols, 5(2), e64.
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  Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) is unequivocally harmful to children's health, yet up to 48% of children who visit the pediatric emergency department (PED) and urgent care setting are exposed to tobacco smoke. The incorporation of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) into the electronic health records (EHR) of PED patients may improve the rates of screening and brief TSE intervention of caregivers and result in decreased TSE in children.
• Muramoto, M. L., Gordon, J. S., Bell, M. L., Nichter, M., Floden, L., Howerter, A., & Ritenbaugh, C. K. (2016). Tobacco Cessation Training for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practitioners: Results of a Practice-Based Trial. American journal of preventive medicine, 51(2), e35-44.
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  Brief behavioral intervention (BI) is a tobacco-cessation best practice well established among conventional healthcare practitioners. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners treat significant numbers of tobacco users, but do not systematically receive BI training. The CAM Reach study developed and evaluated a tobacco cessation BI training program/practice system intervention adapted specifically for CAM practitioners, and evaluated in real-world CAM practices.
• Muramoto, M. L., Gordon, J. S., Bell, M. L., Nichter, M., Floden, L., Howerter, A., Ritenbaugh, C., Muramoto, M. L., Gordon, J. S., Bell, M. L., Nichter, M., Floden, L., Howerter, A., & Ritenbaugh, C. (2016). Tobacco Cessation Training for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practitioners: Results of a Practice-Based Trial.. American journal of preventive medicine.
• Muramoto, M. L., Howerter, A., Eaves, E. R., Hall, J. R., Buller, D. B., & Gordon, J. S. (2016). Online Tobacco Cessation Training and Competency Assessment for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Practitioners: Protocol for the CAM Reach Web Study. JMIR research protocols, 5(1), e2.
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  Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners, such as chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists, are a growing presence in the US health care landscape and already provide health and wellness care to significant numbers of patients who use tobacco. For decades, conventional biomedical practitioners have received training to provide evidence-based tobacco cessation brief interventions (BIs) and referrals to cessation services as part of routine clinical care, whereas CAM practitioners have been largely overlooked for BI training. Web-based training has clear potential to meet large-scale training dissemination needs. However, despite the exploding use of Web-based training for health professionals, Web-based evaluation of clinical skills competency remains underdeveloped.
• Akers, L., Gordon, J. S., Brady, Z., Andrews, J. A., & Severson, H. H. (2015). Utility of Responsiveness Theory for Classifying Supportive Behaviors to Enhance Smokeless Tobacco Cessation. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.
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  Although social support is correlated with successful tobacco cessation, interventions designed to optimize social support have shown mixed results. Understanding the process of providing social support for tobacco cessation may suggest new approaches to intervention. Responsiveness theory provides a new framework for classifying supportive behaviors in the context of tobacco cessation. It proposes three main components to sustaining relationship quality when providing support to an intimate partner: showing respect, showing understanding, and showing caring.
• Cunningham, J. K., Floden, L. L., Howerter, A. L., Matthews, E., Gordon, J. S., & Muramoto, M. (2015). Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) practitioners’ readiness for tobacco intervention training: Development and psychometric properties of a new measure. Advances in Integrative Medicine.
• Cunningham, J. K., Floden, L. L., Howerter, A. L., Matthews, E., Gordon, J. S., & Muramoto, M. L. (2015). Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) practitioners' readiness for tobacco intervention training: Development and psychometric properties of a new measure.
• Floden, L., Howerter, A., Matthews, E., Nichter, M., Cunningham, J. K., Ritenbaugh, C., Gordon, J. S., & Muramoto, M. L. (2015). Considerations for practice-based research: A cross-sectional survey of chiropractic, acupuncture and massage practices.
• Floden, L., Howerter, A., Matthews, E., Nichter, M., Cunningham, J. K., Ritenbaugh, C., Gordon, J. S., & Muramoto, M. L. (2015). Considerations for practice-based research: a cross-sectional survey of chiropractic, acupuncture and massage practices. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 15, 140-015-0659-7.
• Floden, L., Howerter, A., Matthews, E., Nichter, M., Cunningham, J. K., Ritenbaugh, C., Gordon, J. S., & Muramoto, M. L. (2015). Considerations for practice-based research: a cross-sectional survey of chiropractic, acupuncture and massage practices. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 15, 140.
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  Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use has steadily increased globally over the past two decades and is increasingly playing a role in the healthcare system in the United States. CAM practice-based effectiveness research requires an understanding of the settings in which CAM practitioners provide services. This paper describes and quantifies practice environment characteristics for a cross-sectional sample of doctors of chiropractic (DCs), licensed acupuncturists (LAcs), and licensed massage therapists (LMTs) in the United States.
• Gordon, J. S., Berry, C. E., Sekhon, K., Gordon, J. S., Golden, T., Ghazala, L., Gerald, L. B., Bime, C., & Berry, C. E. (2015). Cross Sectional Survey of Electronic Cigarettes Use Among Ambulatory COPD Patients. Chest, 148(4), 1076A. doi:10.1378/chest.2256166
• Hopkins, A. L., Stepp, J. R., McCarty, C., & Gordon, J. S. (2015). Herbal remedy knowledge acquisition and transmission among the Yucatec Maya in Tabi, Mexico: A cross-sectional study.
• Hopkins, A. L., Stepp, J. R., McCarty, C., & Gordon, J. S. (2015). Herbal remedy knowledge acquisition and transmission among the Yucatec Maya in Tabi, Mexico: a cross-sectional study. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 11, 33-015-0022-6.
• Hopkins, A. L., Stepp, J. R., McCarty, C., & Gordon, J. S. (2015). Herbal remedy knowledge acquisition and transmission among the Yucatec Maya in Tabi, Mexico: a cross-sectional study. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 11, 33.
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  Ethnobotanical knowledge continues to be important for treating illness in many rural communities, despite access to health care clinics and pharmaceuticals. However, access to health care clinics and other modern services can have an impact on the distribution of medical ethnobotanical knowledge. Many factors have been shown to be associated with distributions in this type of knowledge. The goal of the sub-analyses reported in this paper was to better understand the relationship between herbal remedy knowledge, and two such factors, age and social network position, among the Yucatec Maya in Tabi, Yucatan.
• Lane, T. S., Armin, J., & Gordon, J. S. (2015). Online Recruitment Methods for Web-Based and Mobile Health Studies: A Review of the Literature. Journal of medical Internet research, 17(7), e183.
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  Internet and mobile health (mHealth) apps hold promise for expanding the reach of evidence-based health interventions. Research in this area is rapidly expanding. However, these studies may experience problems with recruitment and retention. Web-based and mHealth studies are in need of a wide-reaching and low-cost method of recruitment that will also effectively retain participants for the duration of the study. Online recruitment may be a low-cost and wide-reaching tool in comparison to traditional recruitment methods, although empirical evidence is limited.
• Lane, T. S., Armin, J., & Gordon, J. S. (2015). Online Recruitment Methods for Web-Based and Mobile Health Studies: A Review of the Literature. Journal of medical Internet research, 17, e183.
• Lane, T. S., Armin, J., & Gordon, J. S. (2015). Online recruitment methods for web-based and mobile health studies: A review of the literature.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Khoury, J. C., Ho, M., Stone, L., & Gordon, J. S. (2015). A smoking cessation intervention for low-income smokers in the ED. The American journal of emergency medicine, 33(8), 1056-61.
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  There is a high prevalence of smoking among caregivers who bring their children to the pediatric emergency department (PED) and even higher rates of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and related morbidity among their children. The PED visit presents an opportunity to intervene with caregivers, but it is unknown whether they are more likely to quit if their child has a TSE-related illness. We sought to examine a PED-based smoking cessation intervention and compare outcomes based on children's TSE-related illness.
• Akers, L., Gordon, J. S., Reyna, S., & Severson, H. H. (2014). Metaphors of smokeless tobacco addiction and cessation.
• Andrews, J. A., Gordon, J. S., Hampson, S. H., Gunn, B., Christiansen, S. M., & Slovic, P. (2014). Long-term efficacy of click city(r): tobacco: a school-based tobacco prevention program. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 16(1), 33-41.
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  Click City (®) : Tobacco is an innovative, computer-based tobacco prevention program designed to be implemented in 5th-grade classrooms with a booster in 6th grade. The program targets etiological mechanisms predictive of future willingness and intentions to use tobacco and initiation of tobacco use. Each component was empirically evaluated to assure that it changed its targeted mechanism. This paper describes long-term outcomes for students who participated in a randomized controlled efficacy trial of the program.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Chen, C., Huang, B., & Gordon, J. S. (2014). The acceptability of incorporating a youth smoking prevention intervention in the pediatric emergency department. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 25(2), 787-800.
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  The pediatric emergency department (PED) is under-utilized as a setting in which to provide tobacco prevention interventions for at-risk children. We sought to determine the acceptability and feasibility of incorporating a brief, parental tobacco prevention intervention to 520 parents during the PED visit. Mean age (SD) of parents and children was 38.6 (7.1) and 11.5 (1.1), respectively; 47% of children were female; 45% were African American; 36% of parents had an annual income less than $25,000; 28.8% of parents were current smokers. Over 90% of parents said the intervention provided "useful" and "easy to understand" information and 97% of practitioners said it did not "interfere with clinical care." Given the high prevalence of parental smoking in the PED, there is a high likelihood that their children will initiate smoking in the future. Thus, the use of the PED as a venue to providing tobacco prevention interventions warrants further evaluation.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Dixon, C. A., Vaughn, L. M., Duma, E. M., & Gordon, J. S. (2014). Parental tobacco screening and counseling in the pediatric emergency department: practitioners' attitudes, perceived barriers, and suggestions for implementation and maintenance. Journal of emergency nursing: JEN : official publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association, 40(4), 336-45.
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  The pediatric emergency department (PED) is a venue that underuses parental tobacco screening and brief cessation counseling. We sought to explore PED practitioners' attitudes and perceived barriers regarding the implementation and adoption of tobacco screening/cessation counseling of parental smokers in the PED setting, as well as to solicit suggestions for improving the sustainability and maintenance of such practices.
• Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, E., & Gordon, J. S. (2014). Missed opportunities to intervene with caregivers of young children highly exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke. Preventive medicine, 69, 304-5.
• Muramoto, M. L., Howerter, A., Matthews, E., Floden, L., Gordon, J., Nichter, M., Cunningham, J., & Ritenbaugh, C. (2014). Tobacco brief intervention training for chiropractic, acupuncture, and massage practitioners: Protocol for the CAM reach study.
• Muramoto, M. L., Howerter, A., Matthews, E., Floden, L., Gordon, J., Nichter, M., Cunningham, J., & Ritenbaugh, C. (2014). Tobacco brief intervention training for chiropractic, acupuncture, and massage practitioners: protocol for the CAM reach study. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 14, 510.
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  Tobacco use remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. Effective tobacco cessation aids are widely available, yet underutilized. Tobacco cessation brief interventions (BIs) increase quit rates. However, BI training has focused on conventional medical providers, overlooking other health practitioners with regular contact with tobacco users. The 2007 National Health Interview Survey found that approximately 20% of those who use provider-based complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are tobacco users. Thus, CAM practitioners potentially represent a large, untapped community resource for promoting tobacco cessation and use of effective cessation aids. Existing BI training is not well suited for CAM practitioners' background and practice patterns, because it assumes a conventional biomedical foundation of knowledge and philosophical approaches to health, healing and the patient-practitioner relationship. There is a pressing need to develop and test the effectiveness of BI training that is both grounded in Public Health Service (PHS) Guidelines for tobacco dependence treatment and that is relevant and appropriate for CAM practitioners.
• Gordon, J. S., Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Andrews, J. A., Christiansen, S. M., & Byron, D. J. (2013).

  A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Web-Based Tobacco Cessation Education Program

  . Pediatrics, 131(2), e455-e462. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0611
• Gordon, J. S., Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Andrews, J. A., Christiansen, S. M., & Byron, D. J. (2013). A randomized clinical trial of a web-based tobacco cessation education program. Pediatrics, 131(2), e455-62.
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  We report the results of a randomized clinical trial of a 3-hour, web-based, tobacco cessation education program, the Web-Based Respiratory Education About Tobacco and Health (WeBREATHe) program, for practicing pediatric respiratory therapists (RTs), registered nurses (RNs), and nurse practitioners (NPs).
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Stone, L., & Gordon, J. S. (2013). Pediatric emergency department is a promising venue for adult tobacco cessation interventions. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 15(10), 1792-3.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Xiao, Y., Gordon, J. S., & Khoury, J. C. (2013). The dynamic role of parental influences in preventing adolescent smoking initiation. Addictive behaviors, 38(4), 1905-11.
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  As adolescents grow, protective parental influences become less important and peer influences take precedence in adolescent's initiation of smoking. It is unknown how and when this occurs. We sought to: prospectively estimate incidence rates of smoking initiation from late childhood through mid-adolescence, identify important risk and protective parental influences on smoking initiation, and examine their dynamic nature in order to identify key ages.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Xiao, Y., Gordon, J. S., & Khoury, J. C. (2012). Continued importance of family factors in youth smoking behavior. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 14(12), 1458-66.
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  Although it is known that levels of family factors (FF) such as parental monitoring and parent-adolescent connectedness vary during adolescence, it is unknown which factors remain protective, preventing smoking initiation, in youth of differing racial/ethnic groups. Using a longitudinal, nationally representative sample, we examined which FF protect against smoking initiation in White, Black, and Hispanic youth.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Xiao, Y., Gordon, J. S., & Khoury, J. C. (2012). The role of family influences on adolescent smoking in different racial/ethnic groups. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 14(3), 264-73.
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  Although differing levels of family influences may explain some of the varying racial/ethnic trends in adolescent smoking behavior, clarification of which influences are protective against smoking may aid in the development of future ethnic-specific smoking prevention interventions. We sought to identify and compare the association of family influences on adolescent smoking among Black, Hispanic, and White adolescents in a cross-sectional national sample.
• Perez Siwik, V., Kutob, R. M., Ritenbaugh, C., Aickin, M., & Gordon, J. S. (2012). Families United/Familias Unidas: development and implementation of a family-based group office visit model for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes educator, 38(6), 811-21.
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  The purpose of this study is to describe the development and implementation of a new diabetes prevention intervention that combines the benefits of family support with the group office model. Intensive lifestyle modification can effectively delay the onset of type 2 diabetes, yet health providers are challenged in translating these results to their patients. The group outpatient visit model can provide a means to address prevention issues in a financially sustainable manner.
• Andrews, J. A., Gordon, J. S., Hampson, S. E., Christiansen, S. M., Gunn, B., Slovic, P., & Severson, H. H. (2011). Short-Term Efficacy of Click City®: Tobacco: Changing Etiological Mechanisms Related to the Onset of Tobacco Use.
• Gordon, J. S., & Mahabee-Gittens, E. M. (2011). Development of a Web-based tobacco cessation educational program for pediatric nurses and respiratory therapists. Journal of continuing education in nursing, 42(3), 136-44.
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  Nurses can be effective in providing advice and counseling to tobacco-using parents of hospitalized pediatric patients. However, lack of training in effective interventions is a barrier to the incorporation of tobacco cessation interventions into routine practice. This article describes the development and evaluation of a web-based tobacco cessation educational program aimed at pediatric nurses and respiratory therapists.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Huang, B., Chen, C., Dorn, L. D., Ammerman, R. T., & Gordon, J. S. (2011). The Association of Parental Self-Efficacy and Parent-Youth Connectedness With Youth Smoking Intentions. Journal of prevention & intervention in the community, 39(3), 194-208.
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  Little attention has been paid to understanding how parents of differing race/ethnicity perceive their effectiveness in exercising anti-smoking parenting practices and how these behaviors affect youth's smoking intentions. We explored the association of parent-youth connectedness and parental self-efficacy and youths' smoking intentions in a group of African American and Caucasian never-smokers. Based on Social Bonding Theory and Social Learning Theory, a questionnaire was administered to nonsmoking, 9-16-year-old youth and parent dyads, assessing youth smoking intentions and parental measures of connectedness and self-efficacy. Youth risk factors for intending to smoke were increased parent-youth conflict and protective factors were increased parental monitoring, increased parental rule setting, and higher parental self-efficacy. Parent-youth connectedness and parental self-efficacy did not differ by parental smoking status or by race/ethnicity. Our findings underscore the importance of strong parenting practices and parental self-efficacy in protecting against youth intention to smoke and these may be important to target in future interventions.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Khoury, J. C., Huang, B., Dorn, L. D., Ammerman, R. T., & Gordon, J. S. (2011). The Protective Influence of Family Bonding on Smoking Initiation in Adolescents by Racial/Ethnic and Age Subgroups. Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse, 20(3), 270-287.
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  Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined the associations among family bonding factors and the initiation of smoking by race/ethnicity and age group among nonsmokers at Wave 1. Overall, 18% of the sample initiated smoking by Wave 2. For younger African American and Hispanic youth, high maternal satisfaction with the relationship was significantly protective of smoking initiation. For older Hispanics, high parental presence and high parent-family connectedness were protective against smoking initiation while lack of awareness about the adolescent's whereabouts was a risk factor for initiation in both younger and older Caucasians, and in the older Hispanics. Our results underscore the importance of maintaining high levels of family bonding with the adolescent throughout early and late adolescence in order to decrease tobacco initiation.
• Andrews, J. A., Hampson, S. E., Greenwald, A. G., Gordon, J., & Widdop, C. (2010). Using the implicit association test to assess children's implicit attitudes toward smoking.
• Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Albert, D. A., Crews, K. M., Payne, T. J., & Severson, H. H. (2010). Tobacco cessation via public dental clinics: results of a randomized trial. American journal of public health, 100(7), 1307-12.
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  We sought to compare the effectiveness of a dental practitioner advice and brief counseling intervention to quit tobacco use versus usual care for patients in community health centers on tobacco cessation, reduction in tobacco use, number of quit attempts, and change in readiness to quit.
• Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Crews, K. M., Payne, T. J., Severson, H. H., & Lichtenstein, E. (2010). Do faxed quitline referrals add value to dental office-based tobacco-use cessation interventions?.
• Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Crews, K. M., Payne, T. J., Severson, H. H., & Lichtenstein, E. (2010). Do faxed quitline referrals add value to dental office-based tobacco-use cessation interventions?. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 141(8), 1000-7.
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  The Ask, Advise, Refer (AAR) model of intervening with patients who use tobacco promotes a brief office-based intervention plus referral to a tobacco quitline. However, there is little evidence that this model is effective. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on patients' tobacco use of two levels of a dental office-based intervention compared with usual care.
• Gordon, J. S., Istvan, J., & Haas, M. (2010). Tobacco cessation via doctors of chiropractic: results of a feasibility study. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 12(3), 305-8.
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  There is a sizeable and growing body of empirical literature on the effects of physician advice to quit smoking. Because of the association between tobacco use and the health problems that may provoke referral to chiropractic care, doctors of chiropractic (DCs) may be able to give patients personalized proximal health feedback that may motivate them to quit. However, DCs have not been utilized in this role. The primary aim of this study was to design and refine a brief office-based tobacco intervention for use within chiropractic settings.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Ding, L., Gordon, J. S., & Huang, B. (2010). Agreement between parents and youth on measures of anti-smoking socialization. Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse, 19(2), 158-170.
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  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite the current literature on the importance of parental anti-smoking socialization messages, it is unclear if youth and parents agree on the content and frequency of such messages. This study's purpose was to explore the level of agreement between parents and youth on measures of anti-smoking socialization and to assess whether agreement is associated with parental smoking status and/or parental race/ethnicity. METHODS: Data were collected from parent and 9-16 year old youth dyads who presented to the emergency department with a non-urgent complaint. A self-administered questionnaire assessing demographics and five antismoking socialization measures was used. RESULTS: Items that showed statistically significant agreement between parents and youth were frequency of explicit messages about smoking. However, the absolute agreement between the items was poor at less than 50% for the complete sample. Items that did not show statistically significant agreement between parents and youth were: maternal negative reaction to smoking (for all youth); specific rules about smoking and maternal negative reaction to smoking (for youth with parental smokers); and paternal negative reaction to smoking (for youth with parental nonsmokers). When pairs that did not agree were analyzed, there were significant discrepancies in youth-parent agreement by parental smoking status, but not by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, there was poor agreement between parents and youth on measures of anti-smoking socialization. Level of agreement was associated with parental smoking status, but not race/ethnicity. Since anti-smoking socialization is an important means to decrease youth tobacco initiation and use, future studies are needed to investigate the specific content, frequency, and format of parental anti-smoking messages that are best received and recalled by youth.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Vaughn, L., & Gordon, J. S. (2010). Youths' and parents' views on the acceptability and design of a video-based tobacco prevention intervention.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E., Vaughn, L., & Gordon, J. (2010). Youth and Their Parents' Views on the Acceptability and Design of a Video-Based Tobacco Prevention Intervention. Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse, 19(5), 391-405.
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  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of a brief, video-based parental intervention that modeled parent-child communication about tobacco, delivered within an emergency department (ED) setting. While waiting to be seen by a physician in the ED, 20 parent-youth dyads watched the video together and then private, semi-structured focused interviews were conducted around the "take home" message and views on the settings, actors, and content of the videos. Dyads agreed that the design, delivery, and content of the video intervention were acceptable, realistic, and useful in providing parental reinforcements about the importance of parent-youth tobacco communication and the ED was considered to be a good setting for watching the video. Our findings support the development and delivery of such an ED intervention and aids in determining content and scenarios for future intervention development.
• Deckter, L., Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., & Gordon, J. S. (2009). Are Pediatric ED Nurses Delivering Tobacco Cessation Advice to Parents?.
• Deckter, L., Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., & Gordon, J. S. (2009). Are pediatric ED nurses delivering tobacco cessation advice to parents?. Journal of emergency nursing: JEN : official publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association, 35(5), 402-5.
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  Due to the adverse health effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children, pediatric registered nurses (RNs) have frequent encounters with parents who smoke. RNs have a unique opportunity to provide tobacco cessation counseling to parental smokers during their child's ED or hospital visit. The purpose of this study was to assess pediatric RNs' levels of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding provision of tobacco cessation advice to parents who smoke.
• Gordon, J. S., Albert, D. A., Crews, K. M., & Fried, J. (2009). Tobacco education in dentistry and dental hygiene. Drug and alcohol review, 28(5), 517-32.
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  Dentists and dental hygienists are in a unique position to motivate and assist their patients to quit smoking and using smokeless tobacco, and there is ample evidence that they can be effective. Tobacco plays a major role in the development and treatment of many oral diseases, and the repeated nature of dental treatment provides multiple opportunities for information, advice and brief counselling. However, dentists and dental hygienists in practice report lack of training in effective tobacco cessation skills as a significant barrier to incorporating these behaviours into routine care.
• Severson, H. H., Peterson, A. L., Andrews, J. A., Gordon, J. S., Cigrang, J. A., Danaher, B. G., Hunter, C. M., & Barckley, M. (2009). Smokeless tobacco cessation in military personnel: a randomized controlled trial. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 11(6), 730-8.
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  Military personnel are twice as likely as civilians to use smokeless tobacco (ST). This study evaluated the efficacy of a minimal-contact ST cessation program in military personnel.
• Gordon, J., Biglan, A., & Smolkowski, K. (2008). The impact on tobacco use of branded youth anti-tobacco activities and family communications about tobacco. Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 9(2), 73-87.
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  In a randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effect on tobacco use onset among middle school students of Family Communications (FC) activities designed to mobilize parental influences against tobacco use and Youth Anti-tobacco Activities (YAT) designed to market anti-tobacco norms to adolescents. We conducted a simple, two-condition experimental design in which 40 middle schools, with a prevalence of tobacco use at or above the Oregon median, received, by random assignment, either the intervention or no intervention. State, county, and local prevention coordinators around Oregon served as liaisons to schools. To generate interest, staff made presentations to these groups and distributed marketing packets at several conferences. Dependent variables were indices of smoking prevalence and use of smokeless tobacco (ST) in the prior month. Additionally, we created an intervention manual so that other communities could replicate this study. The findings suggest that efforts to influence parents to discourage their children's tobacco use and efforts to market an anti-tobacco perspective to teens are effective in preventing smoking. The impact of YAT is consistent with experimental and nonexperimental evaluations of media campaigns to influence young people not to smoke.
• Houston, T. K., Richman, J. S., Coley, H. L., Ray, M. N., Allison, J. J., Gilbert, G. H., Gordon, J. S., & Kiefe, C. I. (2008). Does delayed measurement affect patient reports of provider performance? Implications for performance measurement of medical assistance with tobacco cessation: A Dental PBRN study.
• Houston, T. K., Richman, J. S., Coley, H. L., Ray, M. N., Allison, J. J., Gilbert, G. H., Gordon, J. S., Kiefe, C. I., & , D. C. (2008). Does delayed measurement affect patient reports of provider performance? Implications for performance measurement of medical assistance with tobacco cessation: a Dental PBRN study. BMC health services research, 8, 100.
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  We compared two methods of measuring provider performance of tobacco control activities: immediate "exit cards" versus delayed telephone follow-up surveys. Current standards, e.g. HEDIS, use delayed patient measures that may over or under-estimate overall performance.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., & Gordon, J. (2008). Acceptability of tobacco cessation interventions in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatric emergency care, 24(4), 214-6.
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  To assess the acceptability to parents and staff of providing a brief tobacco cessation intervention incorporating the first 2 A's of the Clinical Practice Guideline on Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence (Ask and Advise) + fax referral to a state tobacco quitline from the emergency department (ED) of a large children's hospital.
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Gordon, J. S., Krugh, M. E., Henry, B., & Leonard, A. C. (2008). A smoking cessation intervention plus proactive quitline referral in the pediatric emergency department: a pilot study. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 10(12), 1745-51.
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  The prevalence of adult tobacco users who utilize the emergency department as patients or parents is disproportionately higher than the national average rates of tobacco use. Thus, it is advised that the emergency department be utilized as a venue for providing tobacco cessation counseling to adult tobacco users. Using a randomized control trial design, this pilot study evaluated the effect of a brief tobacco cessation intervention for tobacco using parents of children brought to a pediatric emergency department. Participants received either usual care or a brief tobacco cessation intervention based on the first 2 of the 5A's of the Clinical Practice Guidelines and fax referral to the Quitline. The primary outcome was self-reported repeated point prevalence of tobacco use at 6 weeks and 3 months following the intervention. Secondary aims included number of quit attempts, increases in readiness to quit, comparisons of participants who were successfully retained, and contact rates by Quitline counselors. At 3-month follow-up, compared to the Usual Care Control group, intervention participants were more likely to have made at least one quit attempt (59% vs. 34%; p
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Huang, B., Slap, G. B., & Gordon, J. S. (2008). An emergency department intervention to increase parent-child tobacco communication: A pilot study.
• Severson, H. H., Gordon, J. S., Danaher, B. G., & Akers, L. (2008). ChewFree.com: evaluation of a Web-based cessation program for smokeless tobacco users. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 10(2), 381-91.
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  The sizeable percentage of adults who use smokeless tobacco (ST) represents an important public health target since the majority of ST users have a strong desire to quit, but many lack resources. We tested the impact of an interactive, tailored Web-based intervention (Enhanced Condition) versus a more linear, text-based website (Basic Condition) in a randomized trial with 2523 adult ST users. As is common in Internet-based research, there was considerable attrition: follow-up rates at 3 months, 6 months, and for both 3 and 6 months were 48%, 45% and 34%, respectively. Results using repeated point prevalence of all tobacco use at 3 and 6 months showed that participants in the Enhanced Condition quit at significantly higher rates than those in the Basic Condition. Using a Complete Case analysis, abstinence was 40.6% in the Enhanced Condition vs. 21.2% in the Basic Condition (p< .001). Using intent-to-treat analysis, quit rates were 12.6% vs. 7.9%, respectively (p< .001). Similar results were obtained for only ST use. Unobtrusive measures of program exposure indicated that program use was significantly related to outcome as well as to attrition. We conclude that a tailored, interactive Web-assisted cessation program can be an efficacious method for assisting adult ST users to quit.
• Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Crews, K. M., Payne, T. J., & Severson, H. H. (2007). The 5A's vs 3A's plus proactive quitline referral in private practice dental offices: Preliminary results.
• Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Crews, K. M., Payne, T. J., & Severson, H. H. (2007). The 5A's vs 3A's plus proactive quitline referral in private practice dental offices: preliminary results. Tobacco control, 16(4), 285-8.
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  The primary aim of our randomised control trial (RCT) was to evaluate the relative efficacy of two dental office based interventions compared to usual care. One intervention consisted of a combination of dental practitioner advice to quit and proactive telephone counselling (3A's), and the other arm consisted of a dental practitioner delivered intervention based on the 5A's of the Clinical Practice Guideline (5A's).
• Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Duma, E. M., & Gordon, J. S. (2007). For the love of Children: Employee acceptability of a tobacco-free work policy [2].
• Peterson, A. L., Severson, H. H., Andrews, J. A., Gott, S. P., Cigrang, J. A., Gordon, J. S., Hunter, C. M., & Martin, G. C. (2007). Smokeless tobacco use in military personnel. Military medicine, 172(12), 1300-5.
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  Military personnel are more than twice as likely as civilians to use smokeless tobacco (ST), and recent studies indicate that military prevalence rates are rising. However, few studies have examined factors related to ST use in the military. The present study evaluated the characteristics of ST use in 785 active duty military personnel. The results indicated that the average age of initiation was 17.7 years, participants had used ST for 12.3 years, and they used approximately four tins or pouches of tobacco per week. Army personnel were more likely than Air Force personnel to be older, to have used ST longer, and to be heavier users. Officers had used ST longer than enlisted personnel and were more likely to have had a recent quit attempt. Enlisted personnel were more than three times as likely to report concurrent cigarette smoking. These results indicate that there are significant differences in ST use patterns in military personnel, and cessation programs should be tailored to meet these differences.
• Akers, L., Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Barckley, M., Lichtenstein, E., & Severson, H. H. (2006). Cost effectiveness of changing health professionals' behavior: Training dental hygienists in brief interventions for smokeless tobacco cessation.
• Akers, L., Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Barckley, M., Lichtenstein, E., & Severson, H. H. (2006). Cost effectiveness of changing health professionals' behavior: training dental hygienists in brief interventions for smokeless tobacco cessation. Preventive medicine, 43(6), 482-7.
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  Disseminating effective interventions to health care professionals is a critical step in ensuring that patients receive needed advice and materials. This cost effectiveness analysis compared two methods of disseminating an effective protocol for smokeless tobacco cessation intervention.
• Danaher, B. G., Boles, S. M., Akers, L., Gordon, J. S., & Severson, H. H. (2006). Defining participant exposure measures in Web-based health behavior change programs. Journal of medical Internet research, 8(3), e15.
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  Published research on the use of Web-based behavior change programs is growing rapidly. One of the observations characterized as problematic in these studies is that participants often make relatively few website visits and spend only a brief time accessing the program. Properly structured websites permit the unobtrusive measurement of the ways in which participants access (are exposed to) program content. Research on participant exposure to Web-based programs is not merely of interest to technologists, but represents an important opportunity to better understand the broader theme of program engagement and to guide the development of more effective interventions.
• Gordon, J. S., Akers, L., Severson, H. H., Danaher, B. G., & Boles, S. M. (2006). Successful participant recruitment strategies for an online smokeless tobacco cessation program.
• Gordon, J. S., Akers, L., Severson, H. H., Danaher, B. G., & Boles, S. M. (2006). Successful participant recruitment strategies for an online smokeless tobacco cessation program. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 8 Suppl 1, S35-41.
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  An estimated 22% of Americans currently use smokeless tobacco (ST). Most live in small towns and rural areas that offer few ST cessation resources. Approximately 94 million Americans use the Internet for health-related information, and on-line access is growing among lower-income and less-educated groups. As part of a randomized clinical trial to assess the reach and effectiveness of Web-based programs for delivering an ST cessation intervention, the authors developed and evaluated several methods for overcoming the recruitment challenges associated with Web-based research. This report describes and evaluates these methods. Participants were recruited through: (a) Thematic promotional "releases" to print and broadcast media, (b) Google ads, (c) placement of a link on other Web sites, (d) limited purchase of paid advertising, (e) direct mailings to ST users, and (f) targeted mailings to health care and tobacco control professionals. Combined recruitment activities resulted in more than 23,500 hits on our recruitment website from distinct IP addresses over 15 months, which yielded 2,523 eligible ST users who completed the registration process and enrolled in the study. Self-reports revealed that at least 1,276 (50.6%) of these participants were recruited via mailings, 874 (34.6%) from Google ads or via search engines or links on another Web site, and 373 (14.8%) from all other methods combined. The use of thematic mailings is novel in research settings. Recruitment of study participants went quickly and smoothly. Google ads and mailings to media outlets were the methods that recruited the highest number of participants.
• Gordon, J. S., Lichtenstein, E., Severson, H. H., & Andrews, J. A. (2006). Tobacco cessation in dental settings: research findings and future directions. Drug and alcohol review, 25(1), 27-37.
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  The hazards associated with cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use have been well documented. In addition to its association with many cancers and coronary conditions, tobacco plays a role in the aetiology of a number of oral morbidities. Dental care practitioners are a largely untapped resource for providing advice and brief counselling to tobacco-using patients, and there are good reasons to believe that they can be effective. Data from seven randomised trials indicate there is ample evidence for the efficacy of dental office-based interventions, but adoption of these tobacco cessation activities into practice has been slow. The limited research on dissemination of tobacco interventions is promising, but there is a need to develop and evaluate new methods for encouraging adoption, implementation and maintenance of tobacco interventions into routine dental care. Several studies currently under way may help to increase the effectiveness and dissemination of office-based tobacco cessation programmes into routine dental care. If dental practitioners provided cessation assistance routinely to their patients and achieved even modest success rates, the public health impact would be enormous. Researchers and clinicians must continue to work together towards universal adoption of effective tobacco cessation interventions at each clinical encounter.
• Albert, D. A., Severson, H., Gordon, J., Ward, A., Andrews, J., & Sadowsky, D. (2005). Tobacco attitudes, practices, and behaviors: A survey of dentists participating in managed care.
• Albert, D. A., Severson, H., Gordon, J., Ward, A., Andrews, J., & Sadowsky, D. (2005). Tobacco attitudes, practices, and behaviors: a survey of dentists participating in managed care. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 7 Suppl 1, S9-18.
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  Tobacco cessation knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of dentists participating in a large national managed care dental plan were assessed using a mailed survey. The survey was administered to dentists recruited to participate in an evaluation of a CD-ROM and supportive electronic detailing to promote increased tobacco cessation activities. General dentists who met specific technological criteria, had an active E-mail account, and at least 200 adult patients were eligible to participate in this study. A total of 184 dentists, located in 29 states, agreed to participate. The survey instrument included questions that addressed (a) Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange behaviors, (b) self-efficacy including knowledge, confidence, and success regarding tobacco cessation, (c) success of various tobacco cessation strategies, (d) barriers to tobacco cessation, and (e) demographics including year of graduation, gender, and race/ethnicity. Self-reported baseline tobacco intervention-related behaviors were low, with 28% of dentists reporting that they asked their patients about tobacco or recorded tobacco use in their patients' charts at least 41% of the time. For Advise behavior, approximately half of the dentists advised tobacco-using patients to quit at least 41% of the time. Although self-reported lack of knowledge was high, 71% of respondents indicated that their lack of knowledge was either not a barrier or a slight barrier to incorporating tobacco cessation into their practices. The survey revealed that dentists do not routinely incorporate tobacco cessation into their practices. Newer information-transfer technologies may serve as vehicles for increased smoking cessation activities by dentists.
• Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Lichtenstein, E., & Severson, H. H. (2005). The impact of a brief tobacco-use cessation intervention in public health dental clinics. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 136(2), 179-86; quiz 230-1.
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  Public health dental clinic patients use tobacco at disproportionately high rates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a tobacco-use cessation program delivered via public health dental practitioners.
• Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Lichtenstein, E., Severson, H. H., & Akers, L. (2005). Disseminating a smokeless tobacco cessation intervention model to dental hygienists: a randomized comparison of personalized instruction and self-study methods. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 24(5), 447-55.
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  This study evaluated 2 methods of disseminating an empirically validated smokeless tobacco intervention delivered during routine dental care. Twenty cities within 12 states were stratified and then randomized to 1 of 3 groups: personalized instruction (PI), self-study (SS), or delayed training (DT) control. Dental hygienists in the SS condition were sent a manual and video. Those in the PI condition were recruited to attend a workshop. Thirty-seven percent of eligible hygienists agreed to participate. At 12 months postenrollment, hygienists in the SS and PI conditions significantly increased their "Assist" behaviors (discuss cessation techniques, help patient set a quit date, and provide cessation materials) and reported fewer perceived barriers to delivering the intervention as compared with hygienists in DT. An economic analysis suggests that SS is more cost-effective than PI.
• Gordon, J. S., Severson, H. H., Seeley, J. R., & Christiansen, S. (2004). Development and evaluation of an interactive tobacco cessation CD-ROM educational program for dental students. Journal of dental education, 68(3), 361-9.
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  Dentists and dental hygienists can be effective in providing advice and brief counseling to tobacco-using patients. However, lack of training in effective interventions is a barrier to incorporating tobacco cessation interventions into routine practice. After we developed and evaluated an interactive CD-ROM tobacco cessation training program, we evaluated the effect of using the program on the knowledge level and attitudes of forty-seven third-year dental students and thirty dental hygiene students and also obtained their opinions of program quality and utility. Significant change was observed from pre- to post-intervention (t (46) = -11.62, p
• Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Lichtenstein, E., Severson, H. H., Akers, L., & Williams, C. (2002). Ophthalmologists' and optometrists' attitudes and behaviours regarding tobacco cessation intervention. Tobacco control, 11(1), 84-5.
• Gordon, J. S., Andrews, J. A., Lichtenstein, E., Severson, H. H., Akers, L., & Williams, C. (2002). Ophthalmologists' and optometrists' attitudes and behaviours regarding tobacco cessation intervention..
• Gordon, J. S., & Severson, H. H. (2001). Tobacco cessation through dental office settings. Journal of dental education, 65(4), 354-63.
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  There is increasing interest in broadly inclusive public health interventions that involve low-cost, self-help materials and minimal support from professionals. Dental health care workers (DHCWs) are a largely untapped resource for providing advice and brief counseling to tobacco-using patients, and there are good reasons to believe that they can be effective in this role. The results of our randomized clinical trials have shown that a brief dental office-based intervention can be effective in helping smokeless tobacco users to quit and smokers to reduce their use and become more ready to quit. A third clinical trial tested the effectiveness of two methods of disseminating the smokeless tobacco intervention to DHCWs throughout the western United States. Workshops were more effective than self-study in effecting behavior change, although our analyses indicate that self-study was more cost-efficient. These studies have demonstrated the viability of using dentists and dental hygienists to provide brief cessation advice and supportive materials in the context of regular oral health visits to encourage their patients to quit. The results of these studies also support the timeliness of further dissemination and diffusion of this program to practitioners, dental schools, and dental hygiene programs.
• Gordon, J. S., & Severson, H. H. (2001). Tobacco cessation through dental office settings..
• Severson, H. H., Andrews, J. A., Lichtenstein, E., Gordon, J. S., Barckley, M., & Akers, L. (2000). A self-help cessation program for smokeless tobacco users: Comparison of two interventions.
• Severson, H. H., Andrews, J. A., Lichtenstein, E., Gordon, J. S., Barckley, M., & Akers, L. (2000). A self-help cessation program for smokeless tobacco users: comparison of two interventions. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2(4), 363-70.
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  While the use of smokeless tobacco products has increased, there has been a paucity of research evaluating interventions to help users quit. This study is the first large-scale randomized trial evaluating two levels of self-help cessation intervention with adult smokeless tobacco (SLT) users. Smokeless users in five Northwest states were recruited to call a toll-free number and 1069 users were randomized to receive one of two interventions, Manual Only (MAN) or Assisted Self-Help (ASH), who received a video and two support phone calls in addition to the manual. The study demonstrated that low-cost minimal interventions done by mail and phone can help a sizable proportion of SLT users quit both SLT and all tobacco use. Follow-up data at 6 months showed that subjects in the ASH condition had a significantly higher quit rate for both smokeless (23.4% vs. 18.4%, p < 0.05) and all tobacco use (21.1% vs. 16.5%, p < 0.05), using an intent-to-treat model. Further analysis revealed that use of the recommended cessation procedures mediated the effect of intervention condition on outcomes. This may be the result of phone counselors getting subjects to carry out behavioral cessation procedures. Public health implications for this intervention are discussed.
• Andrews, J. A., Severson, H. H., Lichtenstein, E., & Gordon, J. S. (1999). Relación entre el consumo de tabaco y los hábitos de higiene oral que describen los propios pacientes. Journal of the American Dental Association, 2(1), 20-28.
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  Una muestra de 34.897 pacientes odontologicos rellenaron un cuestionario por escrito acerca del consumo de tabaco, la frecuencia de cepillado y uso de la seda dental y la autopercepcion de sus problemas de salud oral. Un 73,5% de los pacientes contesto que se cepillaban los dientes dos veces al dia. Un 35,6% contesto que utilizada la seda dental una vez al dia. Los pacientes consumidores de tabaco se cepillaban los dientes con menor frecuencia (y, sobre todo, usaban mucho menos la seda dental) que los no consumidores. El cumplimiento de las pautas de uso de la seda dental fue especialmente bajo en los consumidores de tabaco para mascar o inhalar. Los consumidores de tabaco tambien contestaron presentar mas problemas de salud oral.
• Andrews, J. A., Severson, H. H., Lichtenstein, E., Gordon, J. S., & Barckley, M. F. (1999). Evaluation of a dental office tobacco cessation program: Effects on smokeless tobacco use.
• Andrews, J. A., Severson, H. H., Lichtenstein, E., Gordon, J. S., & Barckley, M. F. (1999). Evaluation of a dental office tobacco cessation program: effects on smokeless tobacco use. Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 21(1), 48-53.
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  We describe a randomized trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a smokeless tobacco cessation intervention delivered by dental hygienists as part of a patient's regularly scheduled cleaning visit. Seventy-five practices were randomized to continue their usual care (n=25; 239 smokeless tobacco using patients enrolled) or to receive training to provide a tobacco cessation intervention (n=50; 394 smokeless tobacco using patients enrolled). Patient reports indicated that the training program was successful in getting hygienists to implement the intervention. The intervention produced a strong effect on sustained quitting for smokeless tobacco users but had no impact on secondary outcomes, including unsuccessful quit attempts, future intent to quit using smokeless tobacco, and change in readiness to quit using. Frequency of smokeless tobacco use and receipt of specific components of the intervention, including the video and written materials, predicted sustained cessation. Since this intervention was delivered by dental hygienists as part of a patient's regularly scheduled cleaning visit, it is easily disseminable.
• Andrews, J. A., Severson, H. H., Lichtenstein, E., & Gordon, J. S. (1998). Relationship between tobacco use and self-reported oral hygiene habits. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 129(3), 313-20.
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  A sample of 34,897 dental patients completed written surveys assessing their tobacco use, frequency of brushing and flossing and perception of oral health problems. Brushing two times per day was reported by 73.5 percent of the patients and flossing one time per day by 35.6 percent. Tobacco users brushed and, particularly, flossed much less frequently than did nonusers. Compliance with daily flossing regimens was particularly low among smokeless tobacco users. Tobacco users also reported more oral health problems.
• Andrews, J. A., Severson, H. H., Lichtenstein, E., & Gordon, J. S. (1998). Relationship btween tobacco use and self-reported oral hygiene habits.
• Severson, H. H., Andrews, J. A., Lichtenstein, E., Gordon, J. S., & Barckley, M. F. (1998). Using the hygiene visit to deliver a tobacco cessation program: Results of a randomized clinical trial.
• Severson, H. H., Andrews, J. A., Lichtenstein, E., Gordon, J. S., & Barckley, M. F. (1998). Using the hygiene visit to deliver a tobacco cessation program: results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 129(7), 993-9.
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  To examine the effectiveness of advising patients who use tobacco to quit, the authors conducted a randomized clinical trial to test a brief office-based intervention with all tobacco users in 75 fee-for-service dental practices in Oregon. The authors found that the dental hygienist-delivered intervention was effective in getting smokeless tobacco users to quit at three and 12 months and to sustain abstinence at both three and 12 months. They found that the program was not effective for cigarette smokers. The authors discuss the public health implications of program dissemination and widespread program adoption.
• Gordon, J. S. (1996). Community services for abused women: A review of perceived usefulness and efficacy.
• Simons, A. D., Gordon, J. S., Monroe, S. M., & Thase, M. E. (1995). Toward an Integration of Psychologic, Social, and Biologic Factors in Depression: Effects on Outcome and Course of Cognitive Therapy.
• Simons, A. D., Gordon, J. S., Monroe, S. M., & Thase, M. E. (1995). Toward an integration of psychologic, social, and biologic factors in depression: effects on outcome and course of cognitive therapy. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 63(3), 369-77.
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  The present study attempted to integrate key variables from 3 major domains of theory in depression (cognition, stress, and psychobiology) that are typically studied separately in analyses of course and response to cognitive therapy. Dysfunctional attitudes, negative life events, or sleep electroencephalogram were assessed in 53 outpatients before treatment with cognitive therapy. High levels of dysfunctional attitudes were found to be associated with poorer response to treatment but not for those patients who had experienced a severe negative life event. Examination of the length of time required to achieve remission revealed an effect for rapid eye movement (REM) latency as well as the interaction between REM latency and life events. These results are discussed in terms of the promise of integrative research in the study of depression and its treatment.

Presentations

• Gordon, J. S. (2019, June/Summer). E-Cigarettes: Healthy or Hazardous?. STAND Annual Conference.
• Gordon, J. S. (2019, March/Spring). E-Cigarettes: What we know and what we don’t. FRESH Arizona Summit.
• Gordon, J. S. (2019, October/Fall). E-Cigarettes and Vaping. Maryland Dental Society.
• Gordon, J. S. (2019, October/Fall). E-Cigarettes/Vaping: What Nurses Need to Know. University of Arizona College of Nursing.
• Gordon, J. S. (2019, October/Fall). E-Cigarettes/Vaping: What We Know and What We Don’t. University of Arizona Department of Medicine.
• Mahabee-Gittens, M., Dexheimer, J., Khoury, J., & Gordon, J. S. (2017, May 6-9). An Electronic Health Record-Based Strategy to Address Caregiver Tobacco Use and Child Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Pediatric Urgent Care Settings. Pediatric Academic Society. San Francisco, CA.
• Mahabee-Gittens, M., Mancuso, T., Merianos, A., & Gordon, J. S. (2017, May 6 – 9). Patterns of Dual-Tobacco and Polytobacco Product Use and Tobacco Smoke Exposure in a National Sample of Adolescents: Findings from the 2015 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Pediatric Academic Society. San Francisco, CA.
• Thomson, C. A., Wertheim, B., Gordon, J. S., Reikowskly, R. C., & Nair, U. S. (2017, Spring). Association between mode of entry and quit outcomes among quitline callers.. Annual Conference of the North American Quitline Consortium. Austin, TX..
• Gordon, J. S., Cunningham, J. K., Johnson, T., Armin, J. S., Hingle, M. D., & Giacobbi, P. (2016, March 30-April 2). See Me Smoke-Free. Technology Preview. 37th Annual Meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. Washington DC.
• Gordon, J. S., Gordon, J. S., Cunningham, J. K., Cunningham, J. K., Johnson, T., Johnson, T., Armin, J. S., Armin, J. S., Hingle, M. D., Hingle, M. D., Giacobbi, P., & Giacobbi, P. (2016, March 30-April 2). See Me Smoke-Free. Technology Preview. 37th annual meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. Washington DC.
• Severson, H., Akers, L., Andrews, J., Gordon, J. S., & Lichtenstein, E. (2016, April 18-20). The UCare intervention for women supporting their partners in smokeless tobacco cessation: Development, enrollment, and initial short-term cessation data. 8th National Spit Tobacco Summit.. Albuquerque, New Mexico.
• Gordon, J. S., Albert, D. A., Bruzelius, E., & Ward, A. (2015, February). Promoting Adoption of Tobacco Use Treatment in Dental Settings. annual meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. Philadelphia, PA.

Poster Presentations

• Barazza, Y., Nair, U. S., Giacobbi, P., Bell, M. L., Armin, J. S., & Gordon, J. S. (2020, March). A guided imagery smoking cessation intervention delivered using a telephone quitline model: Results of a randomized feasibility trial. Society for Research in Nicotine and Tobacco. New Orleans.
• Gordon, J. S., Armin, J. S., Bell, M. L., Nair, U. S., Giacobbi, P., & Barrazza, Y. (2020, Spring 2020). A guided imagery smoking cessation intervention delivered using a telephone quitline model: Results of a randomized feasibility trial.. Annual Conference for the Research in Nicotine and Tobacco. New Orleans, LA.: Society for Research in Nicotine and Tobacco.
• Merianos, A. L., Matt, J., Gordon, J. S., Stone, L., Semenova, O., & Mahabee-Gittens, M. (2019, September/Fall). Electronic health record classification of tobacco smoke exposure and cotinine levels among hospitalized pediatric patients. Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Europe Annual Conference.
• Gordon, J. S., Thomson, C. A., Wertheim, B., Reikowsky, R. C., & Nair, U. S. (2018, Spring). Abstract: Quit outcomes and program utilization by mode of entry among clients enrolled in a state quitline. SBM. New Orleans, LA.
• Akazawa, S., Martineau, K., Ricker, M., & Gordon, J. S. (2017, May 5-9). Implementation of Food Insecurity Screening for Pediatric Patients in a Family Medicine Clinic. Society for Teachers of Family Medicine. San Diego, CA.
• Merianos, A. L., Mancuso, T., Gordon, J. S., Wood, K. J., Cimperman, K. A., & Mahabee-Gittens, E. M. (2017, November 4-8). Dual- and poly-tobacco/nicotine product use trends in adolescents: Results from the National Youth Tobacco Survey 2013-2015. American Public Health Association Annual Meeting and Exposition. Atlanta, GA.
• Gordon, J. S., Cunningham, J. K., Johnson, T., Armin, J. S., Hingle, M. D., Giacobbi, P., Gordon, J. S., Cunningham, J. K., Johnson, T., Armin, J. S., Hingle, M. D., & Giacobbi, P. (2016, March 2-4). See Me Smoke-Free: Development and feasibility of an mHealth app for women to address smoking, diet and physical activity. Annual Meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. Chicago, IL.
• Gordon, J. S., Cunningham, J. K., Johnson, T., Armin, J. S., Hingle, M. D., Giacobbi, P., Gordon, J. S., Cunningham, J. K., Johnson, T., Armin, J. S., Hingle, M. D., Giacobbi, P., Gordon, J. S., Cunningham, J. K., Johnson, T., Armin, J. S., Hingle, M. D., & Giacobbi, P. (2016, March 30-April 2). See Me Smoke-Free: Results of a feasibility trial of an mHealth app for women to address smoking, diet and physical activity.. 37th Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. Washington DC.
• Gordon, J. S., Gordon, J. S., Cunningham, J. K., Cunningham, J. K., Johnson, T., Johnson, T., Armin, J. S., Armin, J. S., Hingle, M. D., Hingle, M. D., Giacobbi, P., & Giacobbi, P. (2016, March 2-4). See Me Smoke-Free: Development and feasibility of an mHealth app for women to address smoking, diet and physical activity. Annual meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. Chicago, IL.
• Gordon, J. S., Gordon, J. S., Cunningham, J. K., Cunningham, J. K., Johnson, T., Johnson, T., Armin, J. S., Armin, J. S., Hingle, M. D., Hingle, M. D., Giacobbi, P., & Giacobbi, P. (2016, March 30-April 2). See Me Smoke-Free: Results of a feasibility trial of an mHealth app for women to address smoking, diet and physical activity.. 37th annual meeting and scientific sessions of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. Washington DC.
• Gordon, J. S., Mahabee-Gittens, M., Dexheimer, J., & Khoury, J. (2016, May 3). Development of a Tobacco Cessation Clinical Decision Support System for Pediatric Emergency Nurses. Annual meeting of the Pediatric Academics Society. Baltimore, MD.
• Ghazala*, L., Gordon, J. S., Berry, C. E., Bime, C., Gerald, L. B., Golden*, T., & Sekhon*, K. (2015, October). Cross-section survey of electronic cigarette use among ambulatory COPD patients. CHEST.
• Gordon, J. S., Muramoto, M., Cunningham, J. K., Armin, J., Christiansen, S., & Jacobs, T. (2015, April). Development and evaluation of the RxCoach mHealth app to increase tobacco cessation medication adherence. Annual Meeting of the Society for Behavioral Medicine. San Antonio, TX.
• Gordon, J. S., Muramoto, M., Cunningham, J. K., Armin, J., Christiansen, S., & Jacobs, T. (2015, April). Development and evaluation of the RxCoach mHealth app to increase tobacco cessation medication adherence. annual meeting of the Society for Behavioral Medicine. San Antonio, TX.
• Gordon, J. S., Muramoto, M., Cunningham, J., Armin, J., Christiansen, S., Jacobs, T., Gordon, J. S., Albert, D. A., Bruzelius, E., & Ward, A. (2015, Spring). RxCoach: Development and Evaluation of a Mobile app to increase tobacco cessation medication adherence (Poster Presentation); Promoting Adoption of Tobacco Use Treatment in Dental Settings. Annual meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.