Barbara Carrapa

Interests

Teaching

Basin Analysis, Field Camp, Historical Geology, Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, Thermochronology

Research

Tectonics of sedimentary basins, geochronology and thermochronology of orogenic systems, climate and tectonics interactions, sedimentology and stratigraphy, paleogeographic and paleoenvironmental reconstructions.

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Books

• DeCelles, P. G., DeCelles, P. G., Ducea, M. N., Ducea, M. N., Carrapa, B., Carrapa, B., Kapp, P. A., & Kapp, P. A. (2015). Geodynamics of a Cordilleran Orogenic System: The Central Andes of Argentina and Northern Chile. Geological Society of America.
• DeCelles, P. G., Ducea, M. N., Carrapa, B., & Kapp, P. A. (2014). Geodynamics of a Cordilleran Orogenic System: The Central Andes of Argentina and Northern Chile. Geological Society of America.
• Carrapa, B. (2002). Tectonic evolution of an active orogen as reflected by its sedimentary record, an integrated study of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (Internal Western Alps, NW Italy). Amsterdam
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  Ph.D. Thesis; ISBN 90-9016220-8

Chapters

• Carrapa, B., Decelles, P. G., Chapman, J., Kapp, P. A., & He, J. (2018). Structural setting and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of Triassic-Cenozoic strata in the eastern Central Pamir, Tajikistan. In Himalayan Tectonics: A Modern Synthesis. London: Geological Society of London Special Publication 483. doi:10.1144/SP483.11
• Carrapa, B., & DeCelles, P. (2014). Regional exhumation and kinematic history of the Central Andes in response to cyclical orogenic processes. In The Geodynamics of a Cordilleran Orogenic System: The Central Andes of Argentina and northern Chile. Geological Society of America Special Paper.
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  Editors: DeCelles, PG | Ducea, M | Kapp, P | Carrapa, B
• DeCelles, P., Carrapa, B., Horton, B., McNabb, J., Boyd, J., & Gehrels, G. (2014). Arizaro Basin, Central Andean Hinterland: Response to Partial Lithospheric Removal?. In The Geodynamics of a Cordilleran Orogenic System: The Central Andes of Argentina and northern Chile. Geological Society of America Special Paper.
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  Editors: DeCelles, PG | Ducea, M | Kapp, P | Carrapa, B
• Quade, J., Dettinger, M., DeCelles, P., Carrapa, B., Huntington, K., & Murray, K. (2014). The Growth of the Central Andes 22-26°S. In The Geodynamics of a Cordilleran Orogenic System: The Central Andes of Argentina and northern Chile. Geological Society of America Special Paper.
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  Editors: DeCelles, PG | Ducea, M | Kapp, P | Carrapa, B
• Safipour, R., Carrapa, B., DeCelles, P., & Thomson, S. (2014). Exhumation of the Principal Cordillera and northern Sierras Pampeanas and along strike correlation of the Andean orogenic front. In The Geodynamics of a Cordilleran Orogenic System: The Central Andes of Argentina and northern Chile. Geological Society of America Special Paper.
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  Editors: DeCelles, PG | Ducea, M | Kapp, P | Carrapa, B
• Schoenbhom, L., & Carrapa, B. (2014). Mio-Pliocene shortening, extension and mafic magmatism support small-scale lithospheric foundering in the Central Andes, NW Argentina. In Geodynamics of a Cordilleran Orogenic System: The Central Andes of Argentina and Northern Chile. Geological Society of America Special Paper.
• Schoenbohm, L., Carrapa, B., McPherson, H., Pratt, J., Bywater, S., & Mortimer, E. (2014). Climate and Tectonics along the southern margin of the Puna Plateau, NW Argentina: Origin of the Punaschotter Conglomerates. In The Geodynamics of a Cordilleran Orogenic System: The Central Andes of Argentina and northern Chile. Geological Society of America Special Paper.
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  Editors: DeCelles, PG | Ducea, M | Kapp, P | Carrapa, B
• Alonso, R. N., Bookhagen, B., Carrapa, B., Coutand, I., Haschke, M., Hilley, G. E., Schoenbohm, L., Sobel, E. R., Strecker, M. R., Trauth, M. H., & others, . (2006). Tectonics, climate, and landscape evolution of the southern central Andes: the Argentine Puna Plateau and adjacent regions between 22 and 30 S. In The Andes(pp 265--283). Springer.
• STRECKER, M. R., ALONSO, R., COUTAND, I., CARRAPA, B., HILLEY, G. E., SOBEL, E. R., TRAUTH, M., & UBA, C. (2006). Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution of the Southern Central Andes: the Argentine Puna Plateau and Adjacent Regions between 22 and 30°S. In The Andes in Frontiers in Earth Sciences, Springer Verlag.

Journals/Publications

• Hughes, A. N., Carrapa, B., Decelles, P. G., & Henriquez, S. (2023). Kinematic evolution of th central Andean retroarc thrust belt in northwestern Argentina and implications for coupling between shortening and crustal thickening. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 135(1-2), 81-103.
• Leary, R., Orme, D., Laskowski, A. K., Decelles, P. G., Kapp, P. A., Carrapa, B., & Dettinger, M. (2016). Along-strike diachroneity in the deposition of the Kailas Formation in central southern Tibet: Implications for Indian slab dynamics. Geosphere, 12. doi:10.1130/GEOS01325.1
• McGlue, M., Smith, P., Zani, H., Silva, A., Carrapa, B., Cohen, A. S., & Pepper, M. (2016). An integrated sedimentary systems analysis of the Río Bermejo (Argentina): Megafan character in the overfilled southern Chaco Foreland Basin.. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 86, 1359-1377.
• Balgord, E. A., Balgord, E. A., Balgord, E. A., Balgord, E. A., Carrapa, B., Carrapa, B., Carrapa, B., & Carrapa, B. (2015). Basin evolution of Upper Cretaceous--Lower Cenozoic strata in the Malarg\"ue fold-and-thrust belt: northern Neuqu\'en Basin, Argentina. Basin Research.
• Carrapa, B., Carrapa, B., DeCelles, P. G., & DeCelles, P. G. (2015). Regional exhumation and kinematic history of the central Andes in response to cyclical orogenic processes. Geological Society of America Memoirs, 212, 201--213.
• DeCelles, P. G., Ducea, M. N., Carrapa, B., & Kapp, P. A. (2015). Preface and Acknowledgments. Geological Society of America Memoirs, 212, v--v.
• DeCelles, P., Carrapa, B., Horton, B., McNabb, J., Gehrels, G., & Boyd, J. (2015). The Miocene Arizaro Basin, central Andean hinterland: Response to partial lithosphere removal?. Geological Society of America Memoirs, 212, 359--386.
• Safipour, R., Carrapa, B., DeCelles, P. G., & Thomson, S. N. (2015). Exhumation of the Precordillera and northern Sierras Pampeanas and along-strike correlation of the Andean orogenic front, northwestern Argentina. Geological Society of America Memoirs, 212, 181--199.
• Canavan, R., Carrapa, B., Clementz, M., Quade, J., DeCelles, P., & Schoenbohm, L. (2014). Early Cenozoic uplift of the Puna Plateau, Central Andes, based on stable isotope paleoaltimetry of hydrated volcanic glass. Geology.
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  doi:10.1130/G35239.1
• Carrapa, B., Bywater-Reyes, S., Pour, R. S., Sobel, E. R., Schoenbohm, L. M., DeCelles, P. G., Reiners, P., & Stockli, D. (2014). The effect of inherited paleotopography on exhumation of the Central Andes of NW Argentina (vol 126, pg 66, 2014). GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN, 126(1-2), 615--615.
• Carrapa, B., Huntington, K., Clementz, M., Bywater-Reyes, S., Quade, J., Schoenbohm, L., & Canavan, R. (2014). Uplift of the Central Andes of NW Argentina associated with upper crustal shortening, revealed by multi-proxy isotopic analyses. Tectonics.
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  doi: 10.1002/2013TC003461
• Carrapa, B., Mustapha, F. S., Cosca, M., Gehrels, G. E., Schoenbohm, L. M., Sobel, E. R., Decelles, P. G., Russell, J. L., Goodman, P. J., Carrapa, B., Mustapha, F. S., Cosca, M., Gehrels, G. E., Schoenbohm, L. M., Sobel, E. R., Decelles, P. G., Russell, J. L., & Goodman, P. J. (2014). Multisystem dating of modern river detritus from Tajikistan and China: Implications for crustal evolution and exhumation of the Pamir. Lithosphere, 6, 443-455.
• Carrapa, B., Mustapha, F. S., Cosca, M., Gehrels, G., Schoenbohm, L. M., Sobel, E. R., DeCelles, P. G., Russell, J., & Goodman, P. (2014). Multisystem dating of modern river detritus from Tajikistan and China: Implications for crustal evolution and exhumation of the Pamir. Lithosphere, 6(6), 443--455.
• Carrapa, B., Orme, D., DeCelles, P., Kapp, P., Cosca, M., & Waldrip, R. (2014). Miocene burial and exhumation of the India-Asia collision zone in southern Tibet: response to slab dynamics and erosion. Geology.
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  doi:10.1130/G35350.1
• Carrapa, B., Shazanee, F., Schoenbohm, L., Cosca, M., Sobel, E., DeCelles, P., & Russell, J. (2014). Multi-dating of modern river detritus from Tajikistan and China: implications for crustal evolution and exhumation of the Pamir. Lithosphere.
• DeCelles, P., Zandt, G., Beck, S., Currie, C., Ducea, M., Kapp, P., Gehrels, G., Carrapa, B., Quade, J., & Schoenbohm, L. (2014). Cyclical orogenic processes in the Cenozoic central Andes. Geological Society of America Memoirs, 212, MWR212--22.
• Fan, M., & Carrapa, B. (2014). Late Cretaceous--early Eocene Laramide uplift, exhumation, and basin subsidence in Wyoming: Crustal responses to flat slab subduction. Tectonics, 33(4), 509--529.
• Fan, M., & Carrapa, B. (2014). Late Cretaceous-early Eocene two-stage development of the Laramide Rocky Mountains. Tectonics, 33.
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  doi:10.1002/2012TC003221
• Orme, D. A., Carrapa, B., & Kapp, P. (2014). Sedimentology, provenance and geochronology of the upper Cretaceous--lower Eocene western Xigaze forearc basin, southern Tibet. Basin Research.
• Painter, C. S., Carrapa, B., DeCelles, P. G., Gehrels, G. E., & Thomson, S. N. (2014). Exhumation of the North American Cordillera revealed by multi-dating of Upper Jurassic--Upper Cretaceous foreland basin deposits. Geological Society of America Bulletin, B30999--1.
• Painter, C., Carrapa, B., DeCelles, P., Stuart, T., & Gehrels, G. (2014). Exhumation of the North American Cordillera revealed by multi dating minerals from Upper Jurassic-Upper Cretaceous foreland basin deposit. Geological Society of America Bulletin.
• CARRAPA, B. (2013). RAPID MIOCENE BURIAL, EXHUMATION AND UPLIFT OF THE SUTURE ZONE IN TIBET: EVIDENCE FROM MULTI-PROXY ISOTOPIC ANALYSES OF THE OLIGO-MIOCENE KAILAS FORMATION. 2013 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver.
• Carrapa, B., Reyes-Bywater, S., Safipour, R., Sobel, E. R., Schoenbohm, L. M., DeCelles, P. G., Reiners, P., & Stockli, D. (2013). The effect of inherited paleotopography on exhumation of the Central Andes of NW Argentina. Geological Society of America Bulletin, B30844--1.
• Fosdick, J., & Carrapa, B. (2013). Synchronous unroofing and faulting in the Precordillera of Argentina: thermochronometric constraints on fault-propagation in a thin-to thick-skinned orogenic system. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 06.
• Hassim, M., Carrapa, B., Gehrels, G., Cosca, M., & Kapp, P. (2013). Detrital Geochemical Fingerprints Of Rivers Along The Yalu Suture Zone In Tibet: Implications For Drainage Evolution, Timing Of Arc Development And Erosion. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 2419.
• Painter, C. S., & Carrapa, B. (2013). Flexural versus dynamic processes of subsidence in the North American Cordillera foreland basin. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(16), 4249--4253.
• Painter, C. S., York-Sowecke, C. C., & Carrapa, B. (2013). Sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Sego Sandstone Member reveals spatio-temporal changes in depositional processes, northwest Colorado, USA. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 83(4), 323--338.
• Painter, C., Carrapa, B., DeCelles, P., Gehrels, G., & Thomson, S. (2013). From Source to Sink: Exhumation of the North America Cordillera Revealed by Multi-dating of Detrital Minerals from Upper Jurassic-Upper Cretaceous Sevier Foreland Basin. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 2725.
• Peyton, L., & Carrapa, B. (2013). An introduction to low-temperature thermochronologic techniques, methodology, and applications. Application of structural methods to Rocky Mountain hydrocarbon exploration and development: AAPG Studies in Geology, 65, 15-36.
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  Editors: Knight, C | Cuzella, J
• Peyton, L., & Carrapa, B. (2013). An overview of low-temperature thermochronology in the Rocky Mountain and Its application to petroleum system analysis. Application of structural methods to Rocky Mountain hydrocarbon exploration and development: AAPG Studies in Geology, 65, 37-70.
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  Editors: Knight, C | Cuzella, J
• Peyton, S. L., & Carrapa, B. (2013). An Introduction to Low-temperature Thermochronologic Techniques, Methodology, and Applications.
• Peyton, S. L., & Carrapa, B. (2013). An overview of low-temperature thermochronology in the Rocky Mountains and its application to petroleum system analysis. Application of Structure Methods to Rocky Mountain Hydrocarbon Exploration and Development, 65, 37--70.
• SMITH, P., MCGLUE, M., ZANI, H., CARRAPA, B., & COHEN, A. S. (2013). THE MODERN RIO BERMEJO MEGAFAN, CHACO FORELAND BASIN (ARGENTINA). 2013 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver.
• Carrapa, B., Bywater-Reyes, S., DeCelles, P. G., Mortimer, E., & Gehrels, G. E. (2012). Late Eocene--Pliocene basin evolution in the Eastern Cordillera of northwestern Argentina (25--26 S): Regional implications for Andean orogenic wedge development. Basin Research, 24(3), 249--268.
• Carrapa, B., Bywater-Reyes, S., DeCelles, P., Mortimer, E., & Gerhels, G. (2012). Cenozoic synorogenic basin evolution in the Eastern Cordillera of northwestern Argentina (25°- 26°S): Regional implications for Andean orogenic wedge development. Basin Research, 23, 1-20.
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  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00519.x
• Kortyna, C., DeCelles, P., & Carrapa, B. (2012). Structural and geochronological constraints on the kinematics and timing of Cenozoic inversion of the Salta rift in NW Argentina. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 2548.
• Lukens, C., Carrapa, B., Singer, B., & Gehrels, G. (2012). Miocene exhumation of the Pamir revealed by detrital geothermochronology of Tajik rivers. Tectonics, 31(2).
• Orme, D., Carrapa, B., Abbey, A., Kapp, P., & Ding, L. (2012). Basin Evolution and Exhumation of the Xigaze Forearc, Southern Tibet: Insight from Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Geo-Thermochronology. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 2641.
• Peyton, S. L., Reiners, P. W., Carrapa, B., & DeCelles, P. G. (2012). Low-temperature thermochronology of the northern Rocky Mountains, western USA. American Journal of Science, 312(2), 145--212.
• Rohrmann, A., Kapp, P., Carrapa, B., Reiners, P. W., Guynn, J., Ding, L., & Heizler, M. (2012). Thermochronologic evidence for plateau formation in central Tibet by 45 Ma. Geology, 40(2), 187--190.
• Carrapa, B., Trimble, J. D., & Stockli, D. F. (2011). Patterns and timing of exhumation and deformation in the Eastern Cordillera of NW Argentina revealed by (U-Th)/He thermochronology. Tectonics, 30(3).
• DeCelles, P., Carrapa, B., Horton, B., & Gehrels, G. (2011). Cenozoic foreland basin system in the central Andes of northwestern Argentina: Implications for Andean geodynamics and modes of deformation. Tectonics, 30(6).
• York, C. C., Painter, C. S., & Carrapa, B. (2011). RESEARCH ARTICLES-SHALLOW MARINE SEDIMENTOLOGY-Sedimentological characterization of the Sego Sandstone (NW Colorado, USA): A new scheme to recognize ancient flood-tidal-delta deposits and implications for reservoir potential. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 81(5), 401.
• York, C. C., Painter, C. S., & Carrapa, B. (2011). Sedimentological characterization of the Sego Sandstone (NW Colorado, USA): a new scheme to recognize ancient flood-tidal-delta deposits and implications for reservoir potential. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 81(6), 401--419.
• Bywater-Reyes, S., Carrapa, B., Clementz, M., & Schoenbohm, L. (2010). Effect of late Cenozoic aridification on sedimentation in the Eastern Cordillera of northwest Argentina (Angastaco basin). Geology, 38(3), 235--238.
• Bywater-Reyes, S., Carrapa, B., Clementz, M., & Schoenbohm, L. (2010). Effect of late Cenozoic aridification on sedimentation in the Eastern Cordillera of northwest Argentina (Angastaco basin). Geology, 38(3), 235-238.
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  Abstract: This study evaluates the effect of climate on facies, grain size, and sedimentation rates using sedimentology, geochronology, and stable isotope geochemistry for Miocene-Pliocene deposits in the Angastaco basin (Eastern Cordillera, northwest Argentina). U-Pb zircon data from ash layers constrain the transition between the finer grained fluvial-lacustrine Palo Pintado Formation and the coarser grained fluvial-alluvial San Felipe Formation to ca. 5.2 Ma and the first deposition of sediment derived from the present-day orographic barrier to ca. 4 Ma. δ13C values from pedogenic carbonate nodules range from -15.4‰ to -10.2‰ for the Palo Pintado Formation and from -9.5‰ to -8.2‰ for the San Felipe Formation; this can be best explained by increased, sustained aridity since ca. 5 Ma. The δ18O values range from -9.6‰ to -5.9‰ for the Palo Pintado Formation and from -6.1‰ to -5.2‰ for the San Felipe Formation, corroborating this interpretation. The shift toward more arid conditions correlates with a significant increase in grain size but no significant change in sedimentation rate. Because aridity precedes the development of an orographic effect, we interpret the grain size increase in the Angastaco basin since ca. 5 Ma to be a response of the sedimentary system to aridification resulting from regional climate change. © 2010 Geological Society of America.
• Carrapa, B. (2010). Resolving tectonic problems by dating detrital minerals. Geology, 38(2), 191--192.
• Carrapa, B. (2010). Resolving tectonic problems by dating detrital minerals. Geology, 38(2), 191-192.
• Carrapa, B. (2010). Tracing exhumation and orogenic wedge dynamics in the European Alps with detrital thermochronology: REPLY. Geology, 38(11), e227--e227.
• Carrapa, B. (2010). Tracing exhumation and orogenic wedge dynamics in the European Alps with detrital thermochronology: Reply. Geology, 38(11), e227.
• Carrapa, B., Hauer, J., Schoenbohm, L., Strecker, M. R., Schmitt, A. K., Villanueva, A., & Gomez, J. S. (2010). Dynamics of deformation and sedimentation in the northern Sierras Pampeanas: An integrated study of the Neogene Fiambalá basin, NW Argentina: Reply. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 122(5-6), 950-953.
• Carrapa, B., Hauer, J., Schoenbohm, L., Strecker, M. R., Schmitt, A. K., Villanueva, A., & Sosa Gomez, J. (2010). Dynamics of deformation and sedimentation in the northern Sierras Pampeanas: An integrated study of the Neogene Fiambala basin, NW Argentina: Reply. Geological Society of America Bulletin.
• BROWN, S. J., SPOTILA, J. A., TRANEL, L. M., KRUGH, W. C., CARRAPA, B., & THIGPEN, J. R. (2009). COMBINING APATITE (U-TH)/HE AND FISSION-TRACK DATING: IMPLICATIONS FOR DIFFERENTIAL UPLIFT OF THE TETON RANGE AND INITIATION OF THE TETON FAULT, WYOMING. 2009 Portland GSA Annual Meeting.
• Carrapa, B. (2009). Tracing exhumation and orogenic wedge dynamics in the European Alps with detrital thermochronology. Geology, 37(12), 1127--1130.
• Carrapa, B. (2009). Tracing exhumation and orogenic wedge dynamics in the European Alps with detrital thermochronology. Geology, 37(12), 1127-1130.
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  Abstract: Detrital cooling ages from the pro-foreland and retro-foreland basins of the European Alps record distinctive exhumation trends that correlate with orogenic wedge states inferred from thrust front propagation rates. Periods of rapid hinterland exhumation correlate with relatively slow propagation of deformation toward the foreland and are interpreted to represent subcritical wedge conditions, whereas periods of slow hinterland exhumation correlate with rapid propagation of deformation toward the foreland and indicate supercritical wedge conditions. Similar lag time trends recorded in both the pro-foreland and retro-foreland thus mimic orogenic wedge behavior and suggest that local tectonics and/or climate events do not overprint the regional signal. © 2009 Geological Society of America.
• Carrapa, B., DeCelles, P., Reiners, P., Gehrels, G., & Sudo, M. (2009). Apatite triple dating and white mica 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of syntectonic detritus in the Central Andes: A multiphase tectonothermal history. Geology, 37(5), 407--410.
• Murrell, G. R., Sobel, E. R., Carrapa, B., & Andriessen, P. (2009). Calibration and comparison of etching techniques for apatite fission-track thermochronology. Geological Society Special Publication, 324, 73-85.
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  Abstract: Understanding time-temperature histories using apatite fission-track thermochronology involves sample preparation, analysis and then thermal modelling using an appropriate annealing algorithm. A subtle point in this sequence is ascertaining that the sample preparation utilized is compatible with the methodology used in obtaining the data for constructing the annealing data set. This issue is important if one wishes to utilize the relatively new multikinetic annealing algorithm of Ketcham et al. that is implemented in their AFTSolve and HeFTy models which is based on a different etching recipe than those previously used. A preliminary calibration step involves comparing published etch pit diameters for a suite of samples with those analysed by an operator. Results show that the operator can reliably reproduce the calibration data set. We then report a laboratory experiment using samples from Finland and Spain that compares the results obtained using two different etching methodologies (7% nitric acid with qualitative etching conditions and 5.5 M nitric acid at constant conditions). The two raw data sets yield variable results. Comparing the two etching methodologies reveals the influence of this procedure on the kinetic parameter D par. © Geological Society of London 2009.
• Murrell, G., Sobel, E., Carrapa, B., & Andriessen, P. (2009). Calibration and comparison of etching techniques for apatite fission-track thermochronology. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 324(1), 73--85.
• Strecker, M. R., Alonso, R., Bookhagen, B., Carrapa, B., Coutand, I., Hain, M. P., Hilley, G. E., Mortimer, E., Schoenbohm, L., & Sobel, E. R. (2009). Does the topographic distribution of the central Andean Puna Plateau result from climatic or geodynamic processes?. Geology, 37(7), 643-646.
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  Abstract: Orogenic plateaus are extensive, high-elevation areas with low internal relief that have been attributed to deep-seated and/or climate-driven surface processes. In the latter case, models predict that lateral plateau growth results from increasing aridity along the margins as range uplift shields the orogen interior from precipitation. We analyze the spatiotemporal progression of basin isolation and filling at the eastern margin of the Puna Plateau of the Argentine Andes to determine if the topography predicted by such models is observed. We find that the timing of basin filling and reexcavation is variable, suggesting nonsystematic plateau growth. Instead, the Airy isostatically compensated component of topography constitutes the majority of the mean elevation gain between the foreland and the plateau. This indicates that deep-seated phenomena, such as changes in crustal thickness and/or lateral density, are required to produce high plateau elevations. In contrast, the frequency of the uncompensated topography within the plateau and in the adjacent foreland that is interrupted by ranges appears similar, although the amplitude of this topographic component increases east of the plateau. Combined with sedimentologic observations, we infer that the low internal relief of the plateau likely results from increased aridity and sediment storage within the plateau and along its eastern margin. © 2009 Geological Society of America.
• Strecker, M., Alonso, R., Bookhagen, B., Carrapa, B., Coutand, I., Hain, M., Hilley, G., Mortimer, E., Schoenbohm, L., & Sobel, E. (2009). Does the topographic distribution of the central Andean Puna Plateau result from climatic or geodynamic processes?. Geology, 37(7), 643--646.
• Carrapa, B., & DeCelles, P. (2008). Eocene exhumation and basin development in the Puna of northwestern Argentina. Tectonics, 27(1).
• Carrapa, B., Decelles, P., Reiners, P., Gehrels, G., & Biswas, A. (2008). Exhumation and basin evolution of the Puna plateau of NW Argentina revealed by a multi geo-thermochronological approach. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 72(12), A139.
• Carrapa, B., Hauer, J., Schoenbohm, L., Strecker, M. R., Schmitt, A. K., Villanueva, A., & Gomez, J. S. (2008). Dynamics of deformation and sedimentation in the northern Sierras Pampeanas: An integrated study of the Neogene Fiambal\'a basin, NW Argentina. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 120(11-12), 1518--1543.
• Carrapa, B., Hauer, J., Schoenbohm, L., Strecker, M. R., Schmitt, A. K., Villanueva, A., & Gomez, J. S. (2008). Dynamics of deformation and sedimentation in the northern Sierras, Pampeanas: An integrated study of the Neogene Fiambalá basin, NW Argentina. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 120(11-12), 1518-1543.
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  Abstract: The thick-skinned Sierras Pampeanas morphotectonic domain of western and northwestern Argentina (27°S-33°S) is characterized by reverse-fault-bounded basement blocks that delimit internally deformed, Neogene sedimentary basins. Foreland-basin evolution in this part of the Andes is still not very well understood. For example, challenging questions exist as to how thick-skinned deformation develops, if there are distinct spatiotemporal trends in deformation and exhumation, how such deformation styles influence sedimentation patterns, and whether or not broken foreland basins are related to regional plate-tectonic processes, such as flat-slab subduction. The Fiambalá basin of the northwestern Sierras Pampeanas is the largest of several intermontane basins in the transition to the southern margin of the Puna Plateau. This basin preserves a thick continental Neogene sequence that provides information on the dynamics of thick-skinned deformation and resulting sedimentation. The Fiambalá basin contains ∼4 km of fluvial-alluvial sedimentary rocks that comprise the Tamberia, Guanchin, and Punaschotter Formations. U-Pb geochronology of ashes intercalated within the Fiambalá stratigraphic sequence demonstrates that these sedimentary rocks are late Miocene to Pliocene (8.2 ± 0.3 Ma to 3.05 ± 0.4 Ma) in age. Sedimentology and provenance data indicate that the source of the Tamberia Formation was located to the west of the modern western basin-bounding range. The Guanchin and Punaschotter Formations record input from local sources, including the modern basin-bounding range to the west and the southern Puna Plateau to the north, suggesting reorganization of the catchment area at ca. 5.5 Ma. The coarsening-upward trends recorded by the fluvial Tamberia and Guanchin Formations indicate enhanced tectonics and relief during sedimentation. The Punaschotter conglomerates record alluvial-fan sedimentation and local sources. Fault kinematic data document a contractional regime, characterized by E-W and NE-SW shortening, active throughout the middle-late Miocene and Pliocene. Furthermore, a comparison between the Fiambalá basin and similar sedimentary basins in the Sierras Pampeanas (e.g., Bermejo foreland basin) and the Eastern Cordillera leads us to propose that the study area originally constituted an integral part of a continuous and more extensive foreland-basin system (thin-skinned) for much of its early history. Our data suggest coeval intrabasin deformation along strike from the Bermejo region northward to the Eastern Cordillera. The coeval change at ca. 6 Ma from a regional to more compartmentalized (thick-skinned) tectono-sedimentary environment in the regions adjacent to the Eastern Cordillera, the southern Puna margin, and other sectors within the Sierras Pampeanas domain may thus reflect a regional tectonic process related to flat subduction. Our data, combined with existing sedimentological and petrological evidence, imply that the passage from steep to flat subduction occurred synchronously from ∼30°S to ∼26°S. © 2008 Geological Society of America.
• DeCelles, P., Carrapa, B., & Gehrels, G. (2007). Detrital zircon U-Pb ages provide provenance and chronostratigraphic information from Eocene synorogenic deposits in northwestern Argentina. Geology, 35(4), 323--326.
• Mortimer, E., & Carrapa, B. (2007). Footwall drainage evolution and scarp retreat in response to increasing fault displacement: Loreto fault, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Geology, 35(7), 651--654.
• Mortimer, E., & Carrapa, B. (2007). Footwall drainage evolution and scarp retreat in response to increasing fault displacement: Loreto fault, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Geology, 35(7), 651-654.
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  Abstract: The displacement rate history of the Loreto fault, Gulf of California, is well documented; it is characterized by episodically accelerating displacement (10 k.y. frequency) superimposed upon a period of 200 k.y. of increasing fault displacement rate. A detailed conglomerate provenance analysis in the Loreto basin records the footwall unroofing history, which has been profoundly affected by increased fault displacement rate. Clast count data capture an immediate drainage response to a significant increase in slip rate, along with the occurrence and systematic increase in abundance of a new source rock type. Our data record an increase in the rate of incision and catchment expansion associated with this increase in displacement rate. A provenance signal from a shorter-term (100 k.y.) displacement rate increase has a 30-40 k.y. lag time. No change in provenance is recorded for high-frequency (10 k.y.) variations, which are filtered out by the system. © 2007 The Geological Society of America.
• Mortimer, E., Carrapa, B., Coutand, I., Schoenbohm, L., Sobel, E. R., Gomez, J. S., & Strecker, M. R. (2007). Fragmentation of a foreland basin in response to out-of-sequence basement uplifts and structural reactivation: El Caj\'on--Campo del Arenal basin, NW Argentina. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 119(5-6), 637--653.
• Mortimer, E., Carrapa, B., Coutand, I., Schoenbohm, L., Sobel, E. R., Gomez, J. S., & Strecker, M. R. (2007). Fragmentation of a foreland basin in response to out-of-sequence basement uplifts and structural reactivation: El Cajón - Campo del Arenal basin, NW Argentina. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 119(5-6), 637-653.
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  Abstract: The style and mechanisms by which a foreland region is incorporated into an orogen depends on the tectonic style, effectiveness of uplift, and dynamic subsidence. Classical foreland-basin models reflect a self-similar propagation of deformation into the foreland in a thin-skinned thrust-belt setting governed by wedge mechanics. Thick-skinned foreland regions, which are characterized by high-angle reverse-fault-bounded basement uplifts and intervening basins, however, do not fit this idealized model. Unlike thin-skinned tectonic provinces, deformation and uplift in these regions may be highly variable in time and space. Furthermore, deformation patterns may be complicated by the presence of preexisting structures, particularly those which lie at orientations that enable them to be reactivated and utilized to accommodated deformation under compression. The Neogene El Cajón-Campo del Arenal basin is one of a series of basins located along the eastern margin of the Puna Plateau within the Sierras Pampeanas, a region that is composed of a thick-skinned foreland fragmented by reverse-fault-bounded basement uplifts that regionally characterize an eastward-younging trend. This region is superimposed onto the Cretaceous Salta Rift province, which provides a series of pre-existing structures that may potentially be reactivated. The basin is located along the eastern margin of the Puna Plateau, an integral component of the Andean orogen, which includes several filled, uplifted, and internally drained Cenozoic intraplateau basins. Structural and sedimentological similarities exist between basins along the margin of the Puna and those within it. Understanding the evolution of foreland basins, such as the El Cajón-Campo del Arenal basin, provides possible mechanisms for the development and incorporation of marginal basins into orogenic belts, and in the case of the Andean orogen, the potential for these basins to be incorporated into the plateau. Our analysis, which integrates seismic, sedimentary, and thermochronological data, characterizes the evolution of this basin and surrounding ranges. The appearance in the sedimentary section of a distinct grain-age population derived from the basement erosion surface constrains the uplift and erosion of an out-of-sequence intrabasin high to ca. 6 Ma. The basin fill, therefore, records an evolution from an undeformed foreland to one that is compartmentalized by basement uplifts and that is incorporated into the greater orogenic structure. The data reveal the importance of the reactivation of preexisting structures along the basin margin in creating east-dipping structures in a generally west-dipping domain. These opposing faults on the basin margin consequently caused the out-of-sequence uplift of the intrabasin range, the Sierra de Quilmes. The Sierra de Quilmes fragments the foreland and, because its position is locked by loads to the west and east, creates increased deformation within the basin, basin fill, uplift, and incorporation into the orogen. Unlike basins within the plateau, however, the El Cajón-Campo del Arenal basin has been re-excavated and integrated once more into the foreland drainage network. © 2007 Geological Society of America.
• Strecker, M. R., Alonso, R. N., Bookhagen, B., Carrapa, B., Hilley, G. E., Sobel, E. R., & Trauth, M. H. (2007). Tectonics and climate of the southern central Andes. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 35, 747-787.
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  Abstract: The history of the southern central Andes, including the world's second largest plateau and adjacent intermontane basins and ranges of the Eastern Cordillera and the northern Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina and Bolivia, impressively documents the effects of tectonics and topography on atmospheric circulation patterns, the development of orographic barriers, and their influence on erosion and landscape evolution at various timescales. Protracted aridity in the orogen interior has facilitated the creation and maintenance of the Puna-Altiplano plateau. Contraction and range uplift, filling of basins, and possibly wholesale uplift of the plateau increased gravitational stresses in the orogen interior, which caused the eastward migration of deformation into the foreland and successive aridification. The uplift of the Andean orogen has also had a far-reaching influence on atmospheric and moisture-transport patterns in South America. This is documented by the onset of humid climate conditions on the eastern side of the Andes in late Miocene time, which was coupled with the establishment of dramatic precipitation gradients perpendicular to the orogen, and changes in tectonic processes in the Andean orogenic wedge. Copyright © 2007 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.
• Strecker, M., Alonso, R., Bookhagen, B., Carrapa, B., Hilley, G., Sobel, E., & Trauth, M. (2007). Tectonics and climate of the southern central Andes. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 35, 747--787.
• Carrapa, B., Strecker, M. R., & Sobel, E. R. (2006). Cenozoic orogenic growth in the Central Andes: Evidence from sedimentary rock provenance and apatite fission track thermochronology in the Fiambalá Basin, southernmost Puna Plateau margin (NW Argentina). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 247(1-2), 82-100.
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  Abstract: Intramontane sedimentary basins along the margin of continental plateaus often preserve strata that contain fundamental information regarding the pattern of orogenic growth. The sedimentary record of the clastic Miocene-Pliocene sequence deposited in the Fiambalá Basin, at the southern margin of the Puna Plateau (NW Argentina), documents the late Miocene paleodrainage evolution from headwaters to the west, towards headwaters in the ranges that constitute the border of the Puna Plateau to the north. Apatite Fission track (AFT) thermochronology of sedimentary and basement rocks show that the southern Puna Plateau was the source for the youngest, middle Miocene, detrital population detected in late Miocene rocks; and that the margin of the Puna Plateau expressed a high relief, possibly similar to or higher than at present, by late Miocene time. Cooling ages obtained from basement rocks at the southern Puna margin suggest that exhumation started in the Oligocene and continued until the middle Miocene. We interpret the basin reorganization and the creation of a high relief plateau margin to be the direct response of the source-basin system to a wholesale surface uplift event that may have occurred during the late Cenozoic in the Puna-Altiplano region. At this time coeval paleodrainage reorganization is observed not only in the Fiambalá Basin, but also in different basins along the southern and eastern Puna margin, suggesting a genetic link between the last stage of plateau formation and basin response. However, this event did not cause sufficient exhumation of basin bounding ranges to be recorded by AFT thermochronology. Our new data thus document a decoupling between late Cenozoic surface uplift and exhumation in the southern Puna Plateau. High relief achieved at the Puna margin by late Miocene time is linked to Oligocene-Miocene exhumation; no significant erosion (< 3 km) has occurred since in this arid highland. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• Carrapa, B., Strecker, M., & Sobel, E. (2006). Cenozoic orogenic growth in the Central Andes: Evidence from sedimentary rock provenance and apatite fission track thermochronology in the Fiambal\'a Basin, southernmost Puna Plateau margin (NW Argentina). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 247(1), 82--100.
• Coutand, I., Carrapa, B., Deeken, A., Schmitt, A. K., Sobel, E. R., & Strecker, M. R. (2006). Propagation of orographic barriers along an active range front: Insights from sandstone petrography and detrital apatite fission-track thermochronology in the intramontane Angastaco basin, NW Argentina. Basin Research, 18(1), 1--26.
• Coutand, I., Carrapa, B., Deeken, A., Schmitt, A. K., Sobel, E. R., & Strecker, M. R. (2006). Propagation of orographic barriers along an active range front: Insights from sandstone petrography and detrital apatite fission-track thermochronology in the intramontane Angastaco basin, NW Argentina. Basin Research, 18(1), 1-26.
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  Abstract: The arid Puna plateau of the southern Central Andes is characterized by Cenozoic distributed shortening forming intramontane basins that are disconnected from the humid foreland because of the defeat of orogen-traversing channels. Thick Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary fills in Puna basins have reduced topographic contrasts between the compressional basins and ranges, leading to a typical low-relief plateau morphology. Structurally identical basins that are still externally drained straddle the eastern border of the Puna and document the eastward propagation of orographic barriers and ensuing aridification. One of them, the Angastaco basin, is transitional between the highly compartmentalized Puna highlands and the undeformed Andean foreland. Sandstone petrography, structural and stratigraphic analysis, combined with detrital apatite fission-track thermochronology from a ∼6200-m-thick Miocene to Pliocene stratigraphic section in the Angastaco basin, document the late Eocene to late Pliocene exhumation history of source regions along the eastern border of the Puna (Eastern Cordillera (EC)) as well as the construction of orographic barriers along the southeastern flank of the Central Andes. Onset of exhumation of a source in the EC in late Eocene time as well as a rapid exhumation of the Sierra de Luracatao (in the EC) at about 20Ma are recorded in the detrital sediments of the Angastaco basin. Sediment accumulation in the basin began ∼15Ma, a time at which the EC had already built sufficient topography to prevent Puna sourced detritus from reaching the basin. After ∼13Ma, shortening shifted eastward, exhuming ranges that preserve an apatite fission-track partial annealing zone recording cooling during the late Cretaceous rifting event. Facies changes and fossil content suggest that after 9Ma, the EC constituted an effective orographic barrier that prevented moisture penetration into the plateau. Between 3.4 and 2.4Ma, another orographic barrier was uplifted to the east, leading to further aridification and pronounced precipitation gradients along the mountain front. This study emphasizes the important role of tectonics in the evolution of climate in this part of the Andes. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
• Coutand, I., Carrapa, B., Deeken, A., Schmitt, A., Sobel, E., & Strecker, M. (2006). Orogenic plateau formation and lateral growth of compressional basins and ranges: insights from sandstone petrography and detrital apatite fission-track thermochronology in the Angastaco Basin, NW Argentina. Basin Res, 18(1), e26.
• Carrapa, B., & Garcia-Castellanos, D. (2005). Western Alpine back-thrusting as subsidence mechanism in the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (Western Po Plain, NW Italy). Tectonophysics, 406(3-4), 197-212.
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  Abstract: Basin formation dynamics of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (TPB) are here investigated by means of cross-section numerical modelling. Previous works hypothesised that basin subsidence occurred due first to extension (Oligocene) and then to subsequent loading due to back-thrusting (Miocene). However, structural evidence shows that the TPB was mainly under contraction from Oligocene until post Pliocene time while extension played a minor role. Furthermore, thermal indicators strongly call for a cold (flexure-induced) mechanism but are strictly inconsistent with a hot (thermally induced) mechanism. Our new modelling shows that the TPB stratigraphic features can be reproduced by flexure of a visco-elastic plate loaded by back-thrusts active in the Western Alps in Oligo-Miocene times. Far-field compression contributed to the TPB subsidence and controlled the basin infill geometry by enhancing basin tilting, forebulge uplift and erosion of the southern margin of the basin. These results suggest that the TPB subsidence is the result of a combination of mechanisms including thrust loading and far-field compressional stresses. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• Carrapa, B., & Garcia-Castellanos, D. (2005). Western Alpine back-thrusting as subsidence mechanism in the Tertiary Piedmont basin (western Po Plain, NW Italy). Tectonophysics, 406(3), 197--212.
• Carrapa, B., & Garcia-Castillanos, D. (2005). Western Alpine back-thrusting as subsidence mechanism in the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (NW Italy). Tectonophysics, 406, 197-212.
• Carrapa, B., Adelmann, D., Hilley, G. E., Mortimer, E., Sobel, E. R., & Strecker, M. R. (2005). Oligocene range uplift and development of plateau morphology in the southern central Andes. Tectonics, 24(4), 1-19.
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  Abstract: The Puna-Altiplano plateau in South America is a high-elevation, low internal relief landform that is characterized by internal drainage and hyperaridity. Thermochronologic and sedimentologic observations from the Sierra de Calalaste region in the Southwestern Puna plateau, Argentina, place new constraints on early plateau evolution by resolving the timing of uplift of mountain ranges that bound present-day basins and the filling pattern of these basins during late Eocene-Miocene time. Paleocurrent indicators, sedimentary provenance analyses, and apatite fission track thermochronology indicate that the original paleodrainage setting was disrupted by exhumation and uplift of the Sierra de Calalaste range between 24 and 29 Ma. This event was responsible for basin reorganization and the disruption of the regional fluvial system that has ultimately led to the formation of internal drainage conditions, which, in the Salar de Antofalla, were established not later than late Miocene. Upper Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary rocks flanking the range contain features that suggest an arid environment existed prior to and during its uplift. Provenance data indicate a common similar source located to the west for both the southern Puna and the Altiplano of Bolivia during the late Eocene-Oligocene with sporadic local sources. This suggests the existence of an extensive, longitudinally oriented foreland basin along the central Andes during this time. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.
• Carrapa, B., Adelmann, D., Hilley, G., Mortimer, E., Sobel, E., & Strecker, M. (2005). Oligocene range uplift and development of plateau morphology in the southern central Andes. Tectonics, 24(4).
• Carrapa, B., Carrapa, B., Wijbrans, J., Wijbrans, J., Bertotti, G., & Bertotti, G. (2004). Detecting provenance variations and cooling patterns within the western Alpine orogen through 40Ar/39Ar geochronology on detrital sediments: The Tertiary Piedmont Basin, northwest Italy. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 378, 67--103.
• Carrapa, B., Di Giulio, A., & Wijbrans, J. (2004). The early stages of the Alpine collision: an image derived from the upper Eocene--lower Oligocene record in the Alps--Apennines junction area. Sedimentary Geology, 171(1), 181--203.
• Carrapa, B., Giulio, A. D., & Wijbrans, J. (2004). The early stages of the Alpine collision: An image derived from the upper Eocene-lower Oligocene record in the Alps-Apennines junction area. Sedimentary Geology, 171(1-4), 181-203.
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  Abstract: The upper Eocene-lower Oligocene sediments deposited in the eastern part of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin in northern Italy provide a complete record of the unroofing of the Alpine orogenic prism during the early stages of exhumation in the Ligurian sector. From late Priabonian till late Rupelian time, the sediments in the study area were derived from two different sources, one characterised by white micas with Si7 pfu and Eocene-Oligocene 40Ar/39Ar ages (32-50 Ma). The first source is considered to be indicative of low-pressure metamorphic rocks that covered the HP rocks of the Ligurian Alps, and were completely eroded by Chattian time. From this time on, the study area started to record the first input from western Alpine sources characterised by a larger span of ages with a more frequent Eoalpine signal. Thus, sediments deposited in the eastern part of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin contain the only available evidence of rocks belonging to high crustal levels in the Alpine orogenic prism that were not affected by the Alpine overprint. These data also provide time constraints to the poorly dated first conglomerates deposited in this area. 40Ar/ 39Ar geochronology reveals a minimum age of 33±1.4 Ma for the Pianfolco Conglomerates in the type locality, and of 31.4±3.5 Ma for the Borbera Conglomerates. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• Carrapa, B., Wijbrans, J., & Bertotti, G. (2004). Detecting provenance variations and cooling patterns within the western Alpine orogen through ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology on detrital sediments: The Tertiary Piedmont Basin, northwest Italy. Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 378(1), 67-103.
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  Abstract: The Tertiary Piedmont Basin is a synorogenic basin located on the internal side of the Western Alps. Because of its key position, the Tertiary Piedmont Basin represents an important record of processes occurring in the Alpine retrowedge for over the last 30 m.y. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology has been applied to detrital white micas as a provenance tool and to derive information on cooling and exhumation patterns within the surrounding orogen. The age distribution in the detritus shows that in the Oligocene the clastic sediments were fed mainly from a southern source area (Ligurian Alps) that widely records high pressure (HP) Alpine metamorphism (40-50 Ma) and, in part, Variscan metamorphism (ca. 320 Ma). From the Miocene, the main source area gradually moved from the south to a western Alpine provenance characterized by strong Late Cretaceous (70 Ma) and Early Cretaceous (120 Ma) signals. This enlargement in the source is likely linked to an evolution of the main paleodrainage system into the basin. From the Serravallian, Variscan ages reappear; this is attributed to the exposure of the Argentera Massif as a new source for the Tertiary Piedmont Basin. The lack of thermal overprinting of the main detrital signals through time suggests that the western Alpine orogen has been regulated by episodic fast cooling and exhumation events followed by periods of slower erosion. Also, detrital 40Ar/39Ar Cretaceous signals in Miocene and Present sediments suggest the presence of real Eoalpine events in the Alps. © 2004 Geological Society of America.
• Strecker, M. R., Carrapa, B., Hulley, G., Scoenbohm, L., & Sobel, E. R. (2004). Erosional control of Plateau evolution in the Central Andes. Geological Society of America, 36(5).
• Barbieri, C., Carrapa, B., Di Giulio, A., Wijbrans, J., & Murrell, G. R. (2003). Provenance of Oligocene synorogenic sediments of the Ligurian Alps (NW Italy): inferences on belt age and cooling history. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 92(5), 758--778.
• Barbieri, C., Carrapa, B., Giulio, A. D., Wijbrans, J., & Murrell, G. R. (2003). Provenance of Oligocene synorogenic sediments of the Ligurian Alps (NW Italy): Inferences on belt age and cooling history. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 92(5), 758-778.
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  Abstract: Mineral chemistry, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology on white micas and Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology (AFTT), are applied here to study the provenance of the synorogenic Molare Formation (lowermost unit of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin clastic sequence). The Molare Formation was deposited during transgression onto the Ligurian Alps nappe stack in the Early Oligocene. Depositional facies show that clastic distribution remained transversal, with local sources located just landward from the coastline. Phengite mineral chemistry together with 40Ar/39Ar data clearly shows two distinctive source areas, each one mirroring the composition of the basement directly beneath the clastic sequence. Amphibole mineral chemistry allows second order provenance distinctions within each sector, reflecting heterogeneous metamorphic evolution of the bedrock complexes. Integrated 40Ar/39Ar dating and AFTT suggest that, following a fast cooling/exhumation episode of the Ligurian Alps during the Oligocene, very little net uplift has since occurred. This is due to a period of general subsidence from the Oligocene-Late Miocene followed by comparable uplift from Late Miocene-Pliocene to the present. In general our data provide an image of the Ligurian Alps during the Oligocene, which is very similar to the present-day one. © Springer-Verlag 2003.
• Carrapa, B., & Wijbrans, J. (2003). Cretaceous 40Ar/39Ar detrital mica ages in Tertiary sediments shed a new light on the Eo-Alpine evolution. Virtual Explorer. Geochronology and Structural Geology (13)(http://www. virtualexplorer. com. au/2003/forsterwijbrans/).
• Carrapa, B., & Wijbrans, J. (2003). Cretaceous ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar detrital mica ages in Tertiary sediments shed a new light on the Eo-Alpine evolution. Journal of the Virtual Explorer, 13.
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  Abstract: Clastic sediments deposited in the syn-orogenic Tertiary Piedmont Basin in northwest Italy represent the depositional counterpart of the cooling/exhumation and erosion of Western Alpine rocks over the last 30- 35 Myr. 40Ar/39Ar analyses of detrital white micas from Oligocene-Miocene sediments and present-day river sands show, in addition to younger Tertiary age groups, a wide range of Cretaceous ages. Pronounced well defined Late Cretaceous (~70-90 Ma) and Early Cretaceous (~105-120 Ma) age clusters are recorded in Lower to Upper Miocene sediments, forming discrete age groups with a contribution to the total detrital population of as high as 58%. This age pattern of discrete age peaks is remarkably constant and can be followed up-sequence through different formations spanning a time interval for sedimentation of >20 Myr. Our new detrital mica ages may be the result of either excess Ar in the source rock, as commonly assumed for HP mica Ar ages from the internal western Alps, or of inherited Ar, and consequently be representative of real geological events. The first scenario would imply that incorporation of excess Ar in minerals can lead to non-random detrital age populations which could then mistakenly be interpreted as representative of real geological events. The second scenario would imply that during the last Eocene thermal event, pre-existing micas were only partially overprinted and the presence of older ages are the result of real Cretaceous metamorphic events of the Western Alpine orogen. We argue that our new data derived from the sedimentary record, in particular from the time interval from Serravallian to Present, cannot easily be explained as simply being due to incorporation of excess argon. We therefore interpret these ages to be representative of cooling following major metamorphic events in the Alpine orogen. The new argon data from the sediments in combination with the data from the rocks exposed in the orogen today point to a complex Mesozoic history of the internal Alpine orogen.
• Carrapa, B., Bertotti, G., & Krijgsman, W. (2003). Subsidence, stress regime and rotation (s) of a sedimentary basin within the Western Alps: The Tertiary Piedmont Basin (Alpine domain, northwest Italy). Tracing tectonic deformation using the sedimentary record: Geological Society of London Special Publication, 208, 205--227.
• Carrapa, B., Bertotti, G., & Krijgsman, W. (2003). Subsidence, stress regime and rotation (s) of a tectonically active sedimentary basin within the Western Alpine Orogen: the tertiary Piedmont Basin (Alpine Domain, NW Italy). Geological Society special publication, 208, 205--227.
• Carrapa, B., Bertotti, G., & Krijgsman, W. (2003). Subsidence, stress regime and rotation(s) of a tectonically active sedimentary basin within the western Alpine Orogen: The Tertiary Piedmont Basin (Alpine domain, NW Italy). Geological Society Special Publication, 208, 205-227.
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  Abstract: The Oligocene to Miocene Tertiary Piedmont Basin (TPB) is located in the NW part of Italy at the junction between the Apennine and the Alpine thrust belts. The position of the TPB on top of the Alpine/Apennine Orogen poses fundamental questions as to the tectonics of the basin subsidence. Having undergone little deformation, the TPB sediments provide an insight into the stress regime and rotations in the kinematically very complex area surrounding the basin itself. In this study we integrate subsidence and structural analysis with measurements of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy (AMS) and natural remanent magnetization (NRM) in order to better constrain the tectonic kinematics of the basin evolution. A major important period of subsidence occured in the Middle Miocene involving the whole basin. During this period the TPB experienced NE-SW-directed compression and limited shortening. Some NW-SE-directed compressional features have been identified and they were probably active during post Tortonian times. Structures associated with north-south tension are quite common, but the amount of strain that they accomodate is minor. In addition this research provides new preliminary data suggesting counterclockwise rotation in the TPB by c. 20° which has taken place during Middle Miocene time.
• Carrapa, B., Wijbrans, J., & Bertotti, G. (2003). Episodic exhumation in the Western Alps. Geology, 31(7), 601--604.
• Carrapa, B., Wijbrans, J., & Bertotti, G. (2003). Episodic exhumation in the Western Alps. Geology, 31(7), 601-604.
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  Abstract: Oligocene to Miocene clastic sediments of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (northwest Italy) were derived from erosion of Western Alps source rocks. Detrital white micas from different stratigraphic units and from sands of three present-day rivers draining the internal Western Alps have been analyzed by 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. Our data suggest a widespread, fast cooling and exhumation event prior to ca. 38 Ma followed by a >30 m.y. period of slower cooling and exhumation combined with erosion of crustal rocks with uniform 40Ar/39Ar signatures. These processes have resulted in a pattern of regularly increasing lag time up section.
• CARRAPA, B., WIJBRANS, J., & BERTOTTI, G. (2002). EPISODIC EXHUMATION IN THE EUROPEAN WESTERN ALPS. 2002 Denver Annual Meeting.
• Carrapa, B., & Di Giulio, A. (2001). The sedimentary record of the exhumation of a granitic intrusion into a collisional setting: the lower Gonfolite Group, Southern Alps, Italy. Sedimentary Geology, 139(3), 217--228.
• Carrapa, B., & Giulio, A. D. (2001). The sedimentary record of the exhumation of a granitic intrusion into a collisional setting: The lower Gonfolite Group, Southern Alps, Italy. Sedimentary Geology, 139(3-4), 217-228.
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  Abstract: The clastic wedge of the Gonfolite Lombarda Group (GLW) accumulated during Oligocene-Miocene times in the Southern Alps foreland basin, formed on the southern, inner side of the Alpine belt. It represents the depositional counterpart of the exhumation and erosion of the Central Alps metamorphic-magmatic units. Among the Central Alps units, the Tertiary Bergell Intrusion (TBI) is one of the principal sources of pebbles occurring within the GLW. Geochronologic data, both from intrusive pebbles and present-day outcrops of intrusive rocks, document the rapid uplift history of the GLW source area. The lower Gonfolite clastic wedge (Como Conglomerate and Val Grande Sandstone Formations, Oligocene-Early Miocene) has been investigated through the study of sandstone and conglomerate petrology for detecting the effects in the sedimentary record of this collision-related event. The main results are: (i) sandstone petrology of the Como Conglomerate records an evolution from feldspatholithic to feldspathic sandstones; (ii) the related Q/F-F/L ratios suggest an evolution from a mixed plutonic-metamorphic to a mainly plutonic source; (iii) consistently, conglomerate petrology records a progressive increase of plutonic pebbles (from nearly 0-50% of the total), a corresponding decrease of metamorphic clasts (from nearly 80 to nearly 50%) and the disappearance of cover rock fragments. Considering the high relief/short transport setting of the GLW clastic routing system, these values probably resemble the real proportions of such rocks in the Gonfolite catchment area. During the Aquitanian, the return to a metamorphic-rich source is recorded both by sandstones and conglomerates at the top of the Como Conglomerate and in the Val Grande Sandstone. This last signal is interpreted as the result of the reorganisation of the Gonfolite source area, possibly related to the northward shift of the main Alpine divide. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
• Di Giulio, A., Carrapa, B., Fantoni, R., Gorla, L., & Valdisturlo, A. (2001). Middle Eocene to Early Miocene sedimentary evolution of the western Lombardian segment of the South Alpine foredeep (Italy). International Journal of Earth Sciences, 90(3), 534--548.
• Giulio, A. D., Carrapa, B., Fantoni, R., Gorla, L., & Valdisturlo, A. (2001). Middle Eocene to Early Miocene sedimentary evolution of the Western Lombardian segment of the South Alpine foredeep (Italy). International Journal of Earth Sciences, 90(3), 534-548.
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  Abstract: The main steps of the sedimentary evolution of the west Lombardian South Alpine foredeep between the Eocene and the Early Miocene are described. The oldest is a Bartonian carbonate decrease in hemipelagic sediments linked with an increase in terrigenous input, possibly related to a rainfall increase in the Alps. Between the Middle Eocene and the early Chattian, a volcanoclastic input is associated with an extensional tectonic regime, coeval with magma emplacement in the southern-central Alps, and with volcanogenic deposits of the European foredeep and Apennines, suggesting a regional extensional tectonic phase leading to the ascent of magma. During Late Eocene to Early Oligocene, two periods of coarse clastic sedimentation occured, probably controlled by eustasy. The first, during Late Eocene, fed by a local South Alpine source, the second, earliest Oligocene in age, supplied by the Central Alps. In the Chattian, a strong increase in coarse supply records the massive erosion of Central Alps, coupled with a structures growth phase in the subsurface; it was followed by an Aquitanian rearrangement of the Alpine drainage systems suggested by both petrography of clastic sediments and retreat of depositional systems, while subsurface sheet-like geometry of Aquitanian turbidites marks a strong decrease in tectonic activity.
• Carrapa, B., Bertotti, G., & Wijbrans, J. (2000). Mechanisms involved in the formation of the Tertiary Piemonte Basin in a collisional setting and relations between source area and basin infill from 40Ar/39Ar dating. Journal of GEOsciences, 45(3-4), 216--0.
• Giulio, A. D., & Carrapa, B. (1998). Moda detritica dei conglomerati di como e delle arenarie della Val Grande (gonfolite lombarda, oligocene-miocene inferiore). Giornale di Geologia, 60(1), 291-292.

Proceedings Publications

• Orme, D., Carrapa, B., DeCelles, P., Kapp, P., & Waldrip, R. (2014, April). Evolution of sedimentary basins along the Indus-Yarlung Suture Zone, southern Tibet: Insight from sedimentology and geo-thermochronology. In Geological Society of America Penrose Conference: Linkages and Feedbacks in Orogenic Processes.
• Ronchi, A., Di Giulio, A., Sanfilippo, A., Carrapa, B., Balgord, E., & Ramos, V. (2014, January). Tectonic evolution of the Cretaceous back-arc to foreland Neuqu\'en Basin (Argentina) through a detrital multi-proxy provenance study. In 87° Congresso della Società Geologica Italiana e 90° Congresso della Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia., Milano.
• Zhou, R., Zhou, R., Schoenbohm, L. M., Schoenbohm, L. M., Sobel, E. R., Sobel, E. R., Carrapa, B., Carrapa, B., Davis, D. W., & Davis, D. W. (2014). Sedimentation and provenance of the Antofagasta region of the southern Puna Plateau, central Andes. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 16, 11807.
• Balgord, E., & Carrapa, B. (2013, Fall). Timing of foreland basin evolution and hinterland erosion in the South-Central Andes of Argentina, 36°S. In Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 45, 677.
• Carrapa, B., Orme, D., DeCelles, P., Kapp, P., Reiners, P., Lippert, P., Leary, R., & Waldtrip, W. (2013, Fall). Rapid Miocene burial, exhumation and uplift of the suture zone in Tibet: Evidence from multi-proxy isotopic analyses of the Oligo-Miocene Kailas Formation. In Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 45, 889.
• Fosdick, J., & Carrapa, B. (2013, Fall). Synchronous unroofing and faulting in the Precordillera of Argentina: thermochronometric constraints on fault-propagation in a thin- to thick-skinned orogenic system. In American Geophysical Union meeting.
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  Abstract: 1803286
• Hassim, M., Carrapa, B., & Kapp, P. (2013, Fall). Detrital Geochemical Fingerprints Of Rivers Along The Yalu suture zone In Tibet: Implications For Drainage Evolution, Timing Of Arc Development And Erosion. In American Geophysical Union meeting.
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  Abstract: 1810798
• Kapp, P., DeCelles, P., Carrapa, B., Waldrip, R., Ducea, M., Gehrels, G., Quade, J., Reiners, P., Lippert, P., Dupont-Nivet, G., & others, . (2013, January). The Cenozoic Subduction History of Greater Indian Lithosphere Beneath Tibet. In HKT conference.
• Orme, D., Carrapa, B., Kapp, P., Geherels, G., & Reiners, P. (2013, Fall). Basin evolution of the Cretaceous-early Eocene Xigaze forearc, southern Tibet. In American Geophysical Union meeting.
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  Abstract: 1777846
• Orme, D., Carrapa, B., Kapp, P., Gehrels, G., & Reiners, P. (2013, January). Basin Evolution of the Cretaceous-Early Eocene Xigaze Forearc, Southern Tibet. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 2417.
• Painter, C., Carrapa, B., DeCelles, P., Gehrels, G., & Thomson, S. (2013, Fall). From Source to Sink: Exhumation of the North America Cordillera Revealed by Multi-dating of Detrital Minerals from Upper Jurassic–Upper Cretaceous Sevier Foreland Basin. In American Geophysical Union meeting.
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  Abstract: 1808582
• Smith, P., McGlue, M., Zani, H., Carrapa, B., & Cohen, A. (2013, Fall). The modern Bermejo Megafan, Chaco foreland basin (Argentina). In Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 45, 590.
• Stevens, A., Balgord, E., Carrapa, B., & Restrepo, J. (2013, Fall). Utility of statistical methods and data presentation in detrital fission track thermochronology. In Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 45, 744.
• Balgord, E., & Carrapa, B. (2012, Fall). Basin evolution recorded in Cretaceous stratigraphy within the Malargüe fold and thrust belt (northern Neuquén Basin, Argentina). In Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 44, 174.
• Orme, D., & Carrapa, B. (2012, March). Basin evolution and exhumation of the Xigaze Forearc, southern Tibet: Insight from field stratigraphy and thermochronology. In Geological Society of America Penrose Conference.
• Orme, D., Carrapa, B., Abbey, A., Kapp, P., & Ding, L. (2012, Fall). Basin evolution and exhumation of the Xigaze frearc, Southern Tibet: insight from sedimentology, stratigraphy and geo-thermochronology. In AGU.
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  T51E-2641
• Painter, C., Carrapa, B., & DeCelles, P. (2012, April). Detrital thermochronologic lag times in the Cordilleran foreland basin: a new approach to assessing syn-tectonic vs. anti-tectonic deposition in foreland basins. In AAPG.
• CANAVAN, R. R., CLEMENTZ, M. T., Carrapa, B., Quade, J., DECELLES, P., & SCHOENBOHM, L. M. (2011, January). Paleoelevation of the Puna Plateau (northwestern Argentina) inferred from geochemical analyses of volcanic glass. In 2011 GSA Annual Meeting in Minneapolis.
• Carrapa, B., DeCelles, P., Bywater-Reyes, S., Mortimer, E., Huntington, K., & Clementz, M. (2011, January). Cenozoic record of paleotopography and paleoenvironment in the Central Andes of NW Argentina. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 2447.
• DeCelles, P., Carrapa, B., Horton, B., McNabb, J., & Boyd, J. (2011, January). Cordilleran hinterland basins as recorders of lithospheric removal in the central Andes. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 06.
• MUSTAPHA, F. S., CARRAPA, B., SCHOENBOM, L., & SOBEL, E. (2011, January). THE EVOLUTION OF THE PAMIR: APPLICATIONS OF MULTI-GEOCHRONOLOGY TO MODERN RIVERS DRAINING THE EASTERN PAMIR. In Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs,, 43, 69.
• Mustapha, F., Carrapa, B., Gehrels, G., Schoenbohm, L., Sobel, E., & Cosca, M. (2011, January). Multi-geochronology analyses of Pamirs river detritus: Insights into Pamir-Tibet connections. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 2450.
• PAINTER, C., YORK, C. C., CARRAPA, B., DECELLES, P. G., & GEHRELS, G. E. (2011, January). GEOCHRONOLOGY AND THERMOCHRONOLOGY OF UPPER CRETACEOUS AND PALEOCENE DEPOSITS IN THE CHARLESTON-NEBO SALIENT AND THEIR DISTAL FORELAND EQUIVALENTS. In 2011 GSA Annual Meeting in Minneapolis.
• Painter, C., Carrapa, B., & DeCelles, P. (2011, January). Thermochronology of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene Deposits in the Central Cordilleran Foreland Basin. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 06.
• Schoenbohm, L., & Carrapa, B. (2011, January). Evidence from the timing of contraction, extension, sedimentation and magmatism for small-scale lithospheric foundering in the Puna Plateau, NW Argentina. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 07.
• Canavan, R., Clementz, M., Carrapa, B., Quade, J., DeCelles, P., Schoenbohm, L., & Boyd, J. (2010, January). Paleoelevation of the Puna Plateau, northwestern (NW) Argentina inferred from deuterium isotopic analyses of volcanic glass. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 1525.
• Rohrmann, A., Kapp, P., Reiners, P., Gyunn, J., & Carrapa, B. (2010). Minimal erosion in central Tibet since the Eocene and implications for plateau development. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 12, 3097.
• Boyd, J., Carrapa, B., Decelles, P., McNabb, J., Schoenbohm, L., & Horton, B. (2009, January). The Structural and Tectonic Evolution of the Arizaro Basin of the Puna Plateau in NW Argentina. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 2081.
• Carrapa, B., Schoenbohm, L., DeCelles, P., Clementz, M., & Huntington, K. (2009, January). Surface response to lithospheric delamination: an example from the Puna Plateau of NW Argentina. In Geological Society of America National Meeting (Portland).
• Lukens, C., Carrapa, B., Schoenbohm, L., Singer, B., & Jicha, B. (2009, January). Tectono-thermal evolution of the Western Pamir Mountains, using 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology on modern river sands. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 2099.
• PAINTER, C. S., YORK, C. C., CARRAPA, B., & BOYLES, J. M. (2009, January). SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SEGO SANDSTONE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SEVIER FOLD AND THRUST BELT TECTONICS. In 2009 Portland GSA Annual Meeting.
• Schoenbohm, L., & Carrapa, B. (2009, January). Structural evidence for lithospheric foundering in the Puna Plateau, NW Argentina. In AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts, 1, 01.
• Carrapa, B., Schoenbohm, L., Clementz, M., Bywater, S., & Quade, J. (2008, January). Oxygen isotope evidence from Cenozoic paleosol carbonates on the Puna Plateau of NW Argentina: low or dry in the Neogene?. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 03.
• Schoenbohm, L., Carrapa, B., Bywater, S., McPherson, H., & Pratt, J. (2008, January). Climatic and tectonic controls on deposition of the Punaschotter conglomerate in Neogene marginal basins of the Puna Plateau (NW Argentina): Evidence from zircon U-Pb geochronology. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 04.
• Trimble, J., Carrapa, B., Stockli, D., & Stutz, J. (2008, January). New Constraints on the Timing and Magnitude of Deformation and Basin Exhumation in the Eastern Cordillera of NW Argentina.. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 1925.
• Carrapa, B., Decelles, P., Gupta, S., & Sudo, M. (2007, January). Using the Foreland Basin Record to Constrain Orogenic Evolution: Examples from the Alps, Andes and North America Cordillera. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 1535.
• McPherson, H., Schoenbohm, L., Schmitt, A., Carrapa, B., & Bohon, W. (2007, January). Climate and tectonic controls on sedimentation and incision in the Fiambala Basin, northwest Argentina. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 1655.
• CARRAPA, B. (2006, January). A MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROVENANCE STUDY OF EOCENE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS PRESERVED IN THE ARGENTINE PUNA PLATEAU: IMPLICATIONS FOR EARLY FORELAND BASIN DEVELOPMENT. In 2006 Philadelphia Annual Meeting.
• Carrapa, B., & DeCelles, P. (2006, January). Eocene detrital record of the Argentine Puna: Implications for early plateau development. In Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 38, 33.
• Carrapa, B., DeCelles, P., Gerhels, G., Mortimer, E., & Strecker, M. (2006, January). Early Tertiary exhumation, erosion, and sedimentation in the central Andes, NW Argentina. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 08.
• Coutand, I., Carrapa, B., Deeken, A., Schmitt, A. K., Sobel, E. R., & Strecker, M. R. (2006, January). Propagation of orographic barriers along an active range front: insights from detrital apatite fission-track thermochronology, Angastaco basin, southeastern Central Andes. In GSA Conference (Backbone of the Americas, from Alaska to Patagonia), Mendoza, Argentina.
• Guynn, J., Kapp, P., Volkmer, J., Carrapa, B., & Heizler, M. (2006, January). Minimal Cenozoic denudation of the central Tibetan Plateau revealed by low-temperature thermochronology. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 06.
• Mortimer, E., & Carrapa, B. (2006, January). Footwall drainage evolution in response to increasing fault displacement: Loreto fault, BCS, Mexico.. In Geophysical Research Abstracts, 8, 04741.
• CARRAPA, B. (2005, January). Eocene sedimentation within the Argentine Puna: Implication for early plateau development. In GSA, Salt Lake City Annual Meeting.
• Carrapa, B., & Strecker, M. (2005, January). The sedimentary record of intramontane basins in the southern Central Andes; insight into tectonic versus surface processes interactions in the creation of the Puna Plateau. In Abstracts with Programs\^ Geological Society of America, 37.
• Carrapa, B., Mortimer, E., Hauer, J., & Strecker, M. (2005, January). Sedimentary Architecture, Provenance, and Drainage Reorganization Associated With the Establishment of the Southern Margin of the Central Andean Puna Plateau, NW Argentina. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 0492.
• Carrapa, B., Barbieri, C., Hauer, J., Sosa Gomez, J., Strecker, M., & Schoenbohm, L. (2004, January). Interactions Between Tectonics, Sedimentation and Climate in the Intramontane B\'olson de Fiambal\'a Basin: Southern Puna Plateau (NW Argentina). In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 04.
• DeCelles, P., Carrapa, B., Horton, B., Starck, D., & Gehrels, G. (2004, January). Implications of Paleogene foreland basin evolution in NW Argentina for timing of Andean orogenesis. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 04.
• Schoenbohm, L., Strecker, M., Carrapa, B., Barbieri, C., & Wulf, H. (2004, January). Successive Shortening and Extensional Faulting on the Southern Margin of the Puna Plateau and Fiambala Basin, Northwest Argentina. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 05.
• Carrapa, B., Wijbrans, J., & Bertotti, G. (2003). Cretaceous 40Ar/39Ar detrital mica ages in Tertiary sediments, solving the debate on the Eo-Alpine evolution?. In EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, 1, 2259.
• Carrapa, B., Wijbrans, J., & Bertotti, B. (2002, January). Is Steady-state Exhumation Really Occurring In The Alps? A Case Study: The Tertiary Piedmont Basin, NW Italy.. In EGS General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 27, 140.
• WIJBRANS, J. R., CARRAPA, B., & VON EYNATTEN, H. (2002, January). LOOKING AT THE ALPINE RANGES OF EUROPE IN THE PAST: 40 AR/39 AR DATING OF WHITE MICAS FROM CLASTIC SEDIMENTS TELL A TALE OF PROVENANCE AND EXHUMATION. In 2002 Denver Annual Meeting.

Others

• Carrapa, B. (2002, November). Tectonic evolution of an active orogen as reflected by its sedimentary record: An integrated study of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (Internal Western Alps, NW Italy).