Christopher J Edwards

Interests

Research

Analgesia, sedation, toxicology. infectious diseases, trauma, resuscitation, pharmacy practice, and pediatrics.

Teaching

Simulation in the pharmacy class room. Flipped classroom techniques.

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Books

• Edwards, C. J., & Erstad, B. L. (2021). Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data. American Society of Health Systems Pharmacists.
• Sloan, C., & Edwards, C. J. (2018). Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases. Emergency Management of Infectious Diseases. Cambrige.
• Edwards, C. J., & Tsui, J. (2017). Treacherous Transplant Toxicities; Avoiding Common Errors in the Emergency Department.

Journals/Publications

• Jeffors, T., Darling, B., Vadiei, N., & Edwards, C. J. (2021). Efficacy of combination haloperidol, lorazepam and diphenhydramine vs. combination haloperidol and lorazepam in the treatment of acute agitation: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Journal of Emergency Medicine.
• Cornelison, B. R., Edwards, C. J., Axon, D. R., Gorman, L., Rudin-Rush, L., Johnson, B., & Alvarez, N. A. (2022). Assessing the Association of Hispanic Ethnicity and Other Personal Characteristics with Pharmacy School Admissions. . Pharmacy. doi:10.3390/pharmacy10060158
• Edwards, C. J., Ng, V., Hurst, N. B., Contreas, J., & Shirazi, F. (2022). Pharmacy Calls for Prescription Clarification at an Academic Emergency Department. Journal of Emergency Medicine.
• Edwards, C. J., Vadiei, N., Darling, B., & Jeffers, T. (2022). Efficacy of Combination Haloperidol, Lorazepam, and Diphenhydramine vs. Combination Haloperidol and Lorazepam in the Treatment of Acute Agitation: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. The Journal of emergency medicine. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.01.009
• Edwards, C., Lam, J., Gardiner, J., & Erstad, B. L. (2022). Quality of critical care clinical practice guidelines involving pharmacotherapy recommendations. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 79(21), 1919-1924. doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxac193
• Kim, Y., Edwards, C., Nix, D. E., & Erstad, B. L. (2022). Accuracy and reproducibility of injections from prefilled "code cart" syringes compared to standard polypropylene syringes. The American journal of emergency medicine, 62, 124-126.
• Shirazi, F., Contreas, J., Hurst, N. B., Ng, V., & Edwards, C. J. (2022). Pharmacy Calls for Prescription Clarification at an Academic Emergency Department. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 62(6), 783-788. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.01.005
  More info

  Approximately 14.75 hours spent on project for 2020, manuscript preparation and review Approximately 2 hours spent on project for 2021, manuscript preparation and review
• Baumann, G. P., Robertson, W., Guinn, A., Curtis, K., Morizio, K., Jarrell, D., Edwards, C., Lowry, S., Woolridge, D., & Tolby, N. (2021). The Effects of Dexamethasone on the Time to Pain Resolution in Dental Periapical Abscess. The Journal of emergency medicine, 60(4), 506-511.
  More info

  Dental infections are frequently encountered in the emergency department (ED), with periapical abscesses being among the most painful. Traditional pain management strategies include local anesthetic injections, oral analgesics, and intravenous opioids.
• Cornelison, B. R., Al-Mohaish, S., Sun, Y., & Edwards, C. J. (2021). Accuracy of Google Translate in translating the directions and counseling points for top-selling drugs from English to Arabic, Chinese, and Spanish. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 78(22), 2053-2058.
  More info

  A study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of Google Translate (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA) when used to translate directions for use and counseling points for the top 100 drugs used in the United States into Arabic, Chinese (simplified), and Spanish.
• Acquisto, N. M., Cushman, J. T., Rice, A. D., & Edwards, C. J. (2020). Collaboration by emergency medicine pharmacists and prehospital services providers. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 77(12), 918-921.
• Burnsworth, M., Edwards, C. J., Jenn, C., & Rollins, C. (2020). Arizona Delegate's Report on the 72nd Annual Session of the ASHP House of Delegates. Arizona Journal of Pharmacy, 18-19.
• Edwards, C. J., Miller, A., Cobb, J. P., & Erstad, B. L. (2020). The pharmacist's role in disaster research response. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 77(13), 1054-1059.
  More info

  The need for high-quality research during disaster responses has been well described in the literature, and such research is supported by efforts at the federal level through the National Institutes of Health Disaster Research Response (DR2) Program. This article describes the fourth DR2 workshop with a specific focus on opportunities for pharmacists to get involved with disaster research efforts.
• Morizio, K., Jarrell, D., & Edwards, C. J. (2018). Pediatric Medication Safety. Pediatric Emergency Medicine Reports.
• Edwards, C. J., Wong, F., Patanwala, A. E., Jarrell, D. H., & Edwards, C. J. (2019). Comparison of lower-dose versus higher-dose intravenous naloxone on time to recurrence of opioid toxicity in the emergency department.. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 57(1), 19-24. doi:10.1080/15563650.2018.1490420
  More info

  The initial dose of naloxone administered to patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with opioid overdose is highly variable. The objective of this study was to determine if the initial dose of intravenous (IV) naloxone given to these patients was associated with the time to recurrence of opioid toxicity..This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study, conducted at two academic EDs in the United States. Consecutive adults who had a positive response to naloxone for opioid overdose in the ED were included. Patients were categorized into two groups based on initial IV naloxone dose administered: 0.4 mg (lower-dose) or 1-2 mg (higher-dose). The main outcome measure was the time to recurrence of opioid toxicity requiring a second dose of naloxone. Secondary outcomes included the need for naloxone continuous infusion and adverse events..The study included 84 patients with 42 patients receiving lower-dose and 42 patients receiving higher-dose naloxone. Median time to re-dose of naloxone was similar between the lower-dose (72 [IQR 46-139] minutes) and higher-dose (70 [IQR 44-126] minutes) groups (p=.810). There were 12 patients (29%) in the lower-dose group and 17 patients (41%) in the higher-dose group who subsequently required continuous infusions (p=.359). The proportion of patients with adverse events was similar between lower-dose and higher-dose groups (31% versus 41%, p=.495). There was no difference in the incidence of specific withdrawal related adverse effects..The initial dose of naloxone given to patients in the ED does not influence the time to recurrence of opioid toxicity.
• Edwards, C. J., Wong, F., Patanwala, A. E., Jarrell, D. H., & Edwards, C. J. (2019). Letter in response to: "No influence of initial naloxone dosage: a significant misunderstanding".. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 57(4), 301-302. doi:10.1080/15563650.2018.1527929
• DeAngelo, J., Jarrell, D. H., Cosgrove, R., Camamo, J., Edwards, C. J., & Patanwala, A. E. (2018). Comparison of blood product use and costs with use of 3-factor versus 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for off-label indications. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 75(15), 1103-1109.
  More info

  Results of a comparison of blood product use and cost outcomes with use of 3-factor versus 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) for indications other than warfarin reversal are presented.
• DeAngelo, J., Jarrell, D., Cosgrove, R., Camamo, J., Edwards, C., & Patanwala, A. E. (2018). Comparison of 3-Factor Versus 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate With Regard to Warfarin Reversal, Blood Product Use, and Costs. American journal of therapeutics, 25(3), e326-e332.
  More info

  Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are drug products containing varying amounts of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. The evidence comparing 3-factor PCC (3-PCC) versus 4-factor PCC (4-PCC) for warfarin reversal is conflicting. It has been hypothesized that 3-PCC may be less effective than 4-PCC because of relatively lower factor VII content.
• Kilber, E., Jarrell, D. H., Sakles, J. C., Edwards, C. J., & Patanwala, A. E. (2018). Analgosedative interventions after rapid sequence intubation with rocuronium in the emergency department. The American journal of emergency medicine, 36(7), 1129-1133.
  More info

  The use of etomidate and rocuronium for rapid sequence intubation (RSI) results in a duration of paralysis that exceeds the duration of sedation. The primary objective of this study was to compare the number of analgosedative (AGS) interventions early versus late post-RSI, with this drug combination. The secondary objective was to descriptively assess time to first AGS intervention.
• Morizio, K., Edwards, C. J., & Jarrell, D. (2018). Pediatric Medication Safety. Pediatric Emergency Medicine Reports.
• Wong, F., Edwards, C. J., Jarrell, D. H., & Patanwala, A. E. (2018). Comparison of lower-dose versus higher-dose intravenous naloxone on time to recurrence of opioid toxicity in the emergency department. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 1-6.
  More info

  The initial dose of naloxone administered to patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with opioid overdose is highly variable. The objective of this study was to determine if the initial dose of intravenous (IV) naloxone given to these patients was associated with the time to recurrence of opioid toxicity.
• Wong, F., Edwards, C. J., Jarrell, D. H., & Patanwala, A. E. (2018). Letter in response to: "No influence of initial naloxone dosage: a significant misunderstanding". Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 1.
• Edwards, C. J., Patanwala, A. E., Camamo, J. M., Cosgrove, R. A., Jarrell, D. H., & DeAngelo, J. (2017). Comparison of 3-Factor Versus 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate With Regard to Warfarin Reversal, Blood Product Use, and Costs. American Journal of Therapeutics. doi:10.1097/mjt.0000000000000643
  More info

  Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are drug products containing varying amounts of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. The evidence comparing 3-factor PCC (3-PCC) versus 4-factor PCC (4-PCC) for warfarin reversal is conflicting. It has been hypothesized that 3-PCC may be less effective than 4-PCC because of relatively lower factor VII content.The primary objective of this study was to compare international normalized ratio (INR) reversal between 3-PCC and 4-factor PCC (4-PCC) in warfarin-treated patients. The secondary objectives include comparing blood product use, total reversal costs, and cost-effectiveness between the groups.This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in 2 affiliated, academic institutions in the United States. Consecutive adult patients who received 3-PCC or 4-PCC for warfarin reversal were included.The primary outcome was adequate INR reversal defined as a final INR ≤1.5. Secondary outcomes were the utilization of plasma, red blood cells and platelets, reversal costs, and the cost-effectiveness ratio.There were 89 patients who were included in the overall cohort (3-PCC = 57, 4-PCC = 32). Adequate INR reversal occurred less commonly with 3-PCC (45.6%) compared with 4-PCC (87.5%) (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who received plasma (32% vs. 28%, P = 0.813), red blood cells (37% vs. 47%, P = 0.377), or platelets (16% vs. 28%, P = 0.180) between the 3-PCC and 4-PCC groups, respectively. The median reversal cost of 3-PCC ($3663) was lower than 4-PCC ($5105) (P = 0.001). The cost-effective ratio favored 4-PCC ($5105/87.5% = $5834) compared with 3-PCC ($3663/45.6% = $8033).Four-PCC was more effective than 3-PCC with regard to INR reversal in patients taking warfarin, but blood product use was similar. Although 4-PCC is associated with increased reversal costs, it may be cost-effective in terms of INR reversal.
• Edwards, C. J., Patanwala, A. E., Sakles, J. C., Jarrell, D. H., & Kilber, E. (2017). Analgosedative interventions after rapid sequence intubation with rocuronium in the emergency department. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2017.11.022
  More info

  The use of etomidate and rocuronium for rapid sequence intubation (RSI) results in a duration of paralysis that exceeds the duration of sedation. The primary objective of this study was to compare the number of analgosedative (AGS) interventions early versus late post-RSI, with this drug combination. The secondary objective was to descriptively assess time to first AGS intervention.This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in an academic ED in the United States between January 2015 and June 2016. The study was conducted after a pharmacy-led education program. Consecutive adult patients who received the combination of etomidate and rocuronium for RSI were included. The primary outcome measure was the number of AGS interventions post-RSI. An AGS intervention was defined as initiation of an opioid or sedative, or a dose increase of an infusion rate. Interventions were categorized as early (0-30min post-RSI) or late (60-90min post-RSI).The sample (n=108) had a mean age of 58±19years, and the majority was male (n=62, 57%). The mean rocuronium dose was 1.1±0.3mg/kg. There was a median of 2 interventions (IQR 1-3) that occurred early versus 0 interventions (IQR 0 to 1) that occurred late post-RSI (p
• Edwards, C. J., Sakles, J. C., Patanwala, A. E., Kilber, E., Jarrell, D., & Edwards, C. J. (2017). 92 Comparison of Early Versus Late Sedative Interventions After Rapid Sequence Intubation Using Rocuronium in the Emergency Department. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 70(4), S37-S38. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.117
• Richards, E. C., Jarrell, D. H., Edwards, C. J., & Culver, M. A. (2017). Use of Prophylactic Ondansetron with Intravenous Opioids in Emergency Department Patients: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study.. The Journal of emergency medicine, 53(5), 629-634. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.06.040
  More info

  The current literature suggests that the prophylactic use of antiemetics is ineffective at preventing nausea or vomiting caused by opioids in the emergency department (ED). While there is no data evaluating ondansetron's efficacy for preventing opioid-induced nausea and vomiting, this practice remains common despite a lack of supporting evidence..This study aimed to identify if prophylactic ondansetron administered with intravenous (IV) opioids prevents opioid-induced nausea or vomiting..This prospective observational study was conducted in the ED at two academic medical institutions. Patients were eligible for enrollment if they were prescribed an IV opioid with or without IV ondansetron and absence of baseline nausea. Patients' level of nausea was evaluated at baseline, 5 min, and 30 min after an IV opioid was administered and then observed for 2 hours..One hundred thirty-three patients were enrolled, with 90% of patients presenting with a chief complaint of pain. Sixty-four (48.1%) patients received an IV opioid alone and 69 (51.9%) patients received both IV ondansetron and an IV opioid. Twenty-three (17.3%) patients developed nausea caused by opioid administration. One (0.75%) patient had an emetic event and 3 (2.3%) patients required rescue antiemetics during their observation period. Rate of nausea was similar between treatment groups 5 min after the opioid was administered (p = 0.153). There was no statistical difference in emesis, rescue medication requirements, or nausea severity between treatment groups..Our trial found that ondansetron did not appear to be effective at preventing opioid-induced nausea or vomiting. These findings and previous literature suggest prophylactic ondansetron should not be given to ED patients who are receiving IV opioids.
• Bradshaw, H., Mitchell, M. J., Edwards, C. J., Stolz, U., Naser, O., Peck, A., & Patanwala, A. E. (2016). Medication Palatability Affects Physician Prescribing Preferences for Common Pediatric Conditions. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 23(11), 1243-1247.
  More info

  The objective of this study was to determine if physicians would alter their prescribing preferences after sampling liquid formulations of medications for common pediatric diagnoses.
• Edwards, C. J., Walter, F. G., Murphy, M. J., Jarrell, D. H., Groke, S. F., Edwards, C. J., & Chase, P. B. (2015). Sodium Acetate as an Alkalinizing Agent for Salicylate Intoxication: A Case Report. Journal of Clinical Toxicology, 5(2), 1-2. doi:10.4172/2161-0495.1000237
  More info

  Background: Urine and serum alkalization with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is the initial treatment for salicylate toxicity. Due to medication shortages, sufficient quantities of NaHCO3 may not be available and alternative treatments may be needed. Case Report: This is an observational case report of a man who presented with chronic, inadvertent aspirin intoxication. Initially, we used a NaHCO3 continuous intravenous (IV) infusion until the hospital ran out of NaHCO3. Thereafter, the NaHCO3 IV infusion was replaced with a sodium acetate (SA) continuous IV infusion. “Why should an emergency physician be aware of this?” Sodium acetate’s role in serum and urine alkalization for drug intoxications is not well understood. Physiologically, SA is converted to acetyl-coA and processed through the Krebs cycle, producing CO2 and later bicarbonate via carbonic anhydrase. In severe salicylism, key enzymes of the Krebs cycle are inhibited, ultimately forming lactate and preventing the conversion of SA to bicarbonate. We hypothesize that in our patient, the Krebs cycle continued to function as evidenced by the normal lactate level, suggesting a mild to moderate degree of chronic salicylate toxicity. At such levels, SA appears to be an effective means of serum and urine alkalization.
• Patanwala, A. E., Christich, A. C., Jasiak, K. D., Edwards, C. J., Phan, H., & Snyder, E. M. (2013). Age-related differences in propofol dosing for procedural sedation in the Emergency Department. The Journal of emergency medicine, 44(4), 823-8.
  More info

  Propofol dose requirements may differ in the elderly due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic variables.
• Edwards, C. J., Dezfuli, B., & Desilva, G. L. (2012). Distal Radius Fracture Hematoma Block with Combined Lidocaine and Bupivacaine can induce Seizures while within Therapeutic Window: A Case Report.. Journal of orthopaedic case reports, 2(4), 10-3.
  More info

  Hematoma blocks are effective pain management modalities for closed reduction of distal radius fractures. Complications of hematoma blocks are associated with systemic reaction to anesthetic used..We present a case report of an elderly patient who received a hematoma block of lidocaine and bupivacaine for a distal radius fracture and subsequently developed a generalized tonic clonic seizure. The dose of both lidocaine and bupivacaine were well within the suggested dose limit. The episode was self limiting and patient had the cast applied..We conclude that hematoma blocks with a combination of anesthetics may decrease the threshold to neurologic complications, especially in elderly patients. Precautions and ready treatment measures should be made available while performing closed reduction.
• Edwards, C. J., Stolz, U., Stolz, L. A., Stolz, U., Stolz, L. A., Patanwala, A. E., Edwards, C. J., Desai, A., & Amini, R. (2012). Should morphine dosing be weight based for analgesia in the emergency department?. Journal of opioid management, 8(1), 51-5. doi:10.5055/jom.2012.0096
  More info

  To determine if patient weight is predictive of the degree of analgesic response to morphine in opioid naïve patients in the emergency department (ED)..Prospective observational study..Academic, tertiary ED, designated as a level 1 trauma center..Fifty opioid naive adult patients who were administered a single fixed intravenous dose of 4 mg morphine on initial presentation to the ED..Pain was assessed at baseline and then repeated at 15- and 30-minute postdose using an 11-point (0-10) verbal numerical rating scale (NRS)..The primary outcome was maximum analgesic response, which is defined as the difference between initial pain score and lowest pain score achieved postdose at 15 or 30 minutes. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between maximum pain reduction and patient weight..Mean patient weight was 85.4 kg (standard deviation = +/- 24.2; range 47.6-170). Median initial pain score was 8 (range 6-10) and median lowest pain score achieved postdose was 4 (range 0-10). In the linear regression analysis, patient weight did not predict the degree of pain reduction on the NRS (coefficient = 0.002 [95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.029-0.032], R2 < 0.001, p = 0.91). The only variable predictive of the degree of pain reduction was initial pain score (coefficient = 0.537/95% CI = 0.013-1.0611, R2 = 0.081,p = 0.045)..Patient weight was not significantly associated with the degree of analgesic response to morphine in opioid naive adults. Morphine dosing based on patient weight alone is not necessary in adults in the ED.
• Jasiak, K. D., Phan, H., Christich, A. C., Edwards, C. J., Skrepnek, G. H., & Patanwala, A. E. (2012). Induction dose of propofol for pediatric patients undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department. Pediatric emergency care, 28(5), 440-2.
  More info

  This study aimed to determine if patient age is an independent predictor of the propofol dose required for the induction of sedation in pediatric patients for procedures performed in the emergency department (ED).
• Scarponcini, T. R., Rudis, M. I., Jasiak, K. D., Hays, D. P., & Edwards, C. J. (2011). The role of the emergency pharmacist in trauma resuscitation.. Journal of pharmacy practice, 24(2), 146-59. doi:10.1177/0897190011400550
  More info

  The clinical pharmacist in the emergency department is now commonly incorporated as a member of the emergency department trauma team. As such, the emergency pharmacist needs to have detailed knowledge of the pharmacotherapy of resuscitation and be able to apply the skills needed to function as a valuable member of this team. In addition to the traditional skills of the discipline of clinical pharmacy, the emergency pharmacist must be familiar with the intricacies of treating life-threatening injuries in an emergent setting and be able to anticipate the direction of the patient's care. The ability to provide valuable pharmacological interventions throughout the resuscitation and stabilization process requires familiarity with the process of resuscitation, including rapid sequence induction, analgesia and sedation, seizure prophylaxis, appropriate antibiotic and tetanus prophylaxis, intracranial pressure control, hemodynamic stabilization, and any other specific drug therapy that the clinical situation demands. This article discusses the aforementioned pharmacotherapeutic topics and describes the role of the Emergency Pharmacist on the ED trauma team.
• Jasiak, K. D., Hays, D. P., & Edwards, C. J. (2010). Clinical Pharmacists: Coming Soon to an Emergency Department Near You!. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal, 32(2), 122-126. doi:10.1097/tme.0b013e3181dbc851
• Jasiak, K. D., Hays, D. P., & Edwards, C. J. (2010). Clinical pharmacists: coming soon to an ED near you.. Nursing, 40 Ed Insider, 6-8. doi:10.1097/01.nurse.0000388708.83307.b9
• Hong, I., Grim, S. A., Freeman, J., Edwards, C. J., & Clark, N. M. (2009). Daptomycin for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections.. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 63(2), 414-6. doi:10.1093/jac/dkn478

Presentations

• Edwards, C. J., & Cornelison, B. R. (2021, June 12). Biostats 102 - Application of Biostats to the Real World. 2021 AzPA Annual Convention. Virtually on Zoom: AzPA.
  More info

  1.0 accredited CE #0100-0000-21-033-L04-P
• Edwards, C. J., Burnsworth, M., & Jenn, C. (2020, Fall). Legislative Update. Arizona Pharmacy Association Annual Convention. Virtual: AzPA.
  More info

  Presented a 1.5 hour symposium highlighting ongoing activities at the federal level that may impact pharmacy practice in Arizona.
• Edwards, C. J., Burnsworth, M., & Jenn, C. (2021, Fall). Legislative Update. Arizona Pharmacy Association Annual Convention. Virtual: AzPA.
  More info

  Presented a 1.5 hour symposium highlighting ongoing activities at the federal level that may impact pharmacy practice in Arizona.
• Cornelison, B. R., & Edwards, C. J. (2019, June). Biostatistics 101. AzPA Annual Convention 2019 and an on-demand CE (webinar). Westin La Paloma, Tucson, AZ: Arizona Pharmacist Association.
• Edwards, C. J., & Erstad, B. L. (2020, 12). Beyond the Basics - Mastering Common Laboratory Results. Midyear Clinical Meeting. Virtual: American Society of Health Systems Pharmacists.
• Cornelison, B. R., & Edwards, C. J. (2019, June). Biostatistics 101 Back to Basics. AzPA 2019 Annual Convention. Tucson, Arizona.
• Edwards, C. J., Erstad, B. L., & Acquisto, N. (2019, Winter). Codes that make you tachycardic. ASHP's Midyear Clinical Meeting. Las Vegas, NV: ASHP.

Poster Presentations

• Alvarez, N. A., Johnson, B., Rudin-Rush, L., Gorman, L., Axon, D. R., Edwards, C. J., & Cornelison, B. R. (2022, 10). Assessing the Association of Hispanic Ethnicity and Other Personal Characteristics with Pharmacy School Admissions. Pharmacy.
• Edwards, C. J., Brahm, N., Corrales, J., Salazar, J., Mesa, C., Blubaum, K., & Smelski, G. (2021). ICU utilization due to toxicologic ingestion before and after a pandemic lock-down order. N/A.
• Jeffors, T., Darling, B., Vadiei, N., & Edwards, C. J. (2020). Efficacy of combination haloperidol, lorazepam and diphenhydramine vs. combination haloperidol and lorazepam in the treatment of acute agitation: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Midyear Clinical Meeting. Virtual: ASHP.
• Al Mohaish, S., Morizio, K., & Edwards, C. J. (2019, Winter). The impact of prescriber review of pharmacist's recommendations during emergency department culture follow-up. ASHP's Midyear Clinical Meeting. Las Vegas, NV: ASHP.
• Alsuhebany, N., Camamo, J., Maloney, M., Edwards, C. J., Jarrell, D., & Massey, D. (2019, Winter). Evaluation of the use of Anavip compared to CroFab for Crotalidae envenomation at an academic medical center. ASHP's Midyear Clinical Meeting. Las Vegas, NV: ASHP.
• Tilley, H., Jarrell, D., Patanwala, A., & Edwards, C. J. (2019, Winter). Haloperidal versus prochlorperazine for headache treatment in the emergency department. ASHP's Midyear Clinical Meeting. Las Vegas, NV: ASHP.

Other Teaching Materials

• Edwards, C. J. (2021. Arizona Emergency Medicine Cast - Multiple (see description). Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center.
  More info

  Recorded several podcasts related to emergency medicine topics (specifically, 1 hour on trauma resuscitation and 1 hour on cardiac arrest). While exact figures are hard to find, there are over 80,000 downloads listed on the podcasts website, and the podcast currently has a 5/5 star rating in the Apple Podcast application.
• Edwards, C. J. (2021. Shock States Module for EM Pharmacist Certificate Program. ASHP.
• Edwards, C. J. (2019. Prehospital Providers Module for ASHP's EM certificate program. ASHP.
• Edwards, C., & Ng, V. (2015. Pharmacology of Emergency Airway Management. Academic Life in Emergency Medicine.
  More info

  Approximately 2.5 hours spent on project for 2015 reviewing content for ALiEM Capsules project, Pharmacology of Emergency Airway Management Parts 1 and 2 module . Not listed as an author.