Ibrahim Garba

Interests

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Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Chapters

• Meslin, E. (2016). Introduction: international collaboration for global public health. In Public health ethics: Cases spanning the globe. Springer Nature.

Journals/Publications

• Garrison, N. A., Hudson, M., Hiratsuka, V. Y., Small-Rodriguez, D., Plevel, R., Garba, I., & Carroll, S. R. (2022). Using Indigenous Standards to implement the CARE Principles: Setting Expectations through Tribal Research Codes. Frontiers in Genetics,.
• Jennings, L., Anderson, T., Martinez, A., Sterling, R., David-Chavez, D., Garba, I., Hudson, M., Garrison, N., & Carroll, S. R. (2023). Applying the ‘CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance’ to ecology and biodiversity research. Nature ecology & evolution.
• Scheidel, A., Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Bara, A. H., Del Bene, D., David-Chavez, D., Fanari, E., Garba, I., Hanaček, K., Liu, J., Martínez-Alier, J., Navas, G., Reyes-García, V., Roy, B., Temper, L., Thiri, M. A., Tran, D., Walter, M., & Whyte, K. P. (2023). Global impacts of extractive and industrial development projects on Indigenous Peoples’ lifeways, lands, and rights.. Science advances.
• Peck, D. E., Owen, G., Greene, C., Garba, I., Ferguson, D. B., Carroll, S. R., Bentley, A., Meadow, A., & Wilmer, H. (2021). Expanded Ethical Principles for Research Partnership and Transdisciplinary Natural Resource Management Science. Environmental Management. doi:Expanded Ethical Principles for Research Partnership and Transdisciplinary Natural Resource Management Science
• Wilmer, H., Meadow, A. M., Brymer, A. L., Carroll, S. R., Ferguson, D. M., Garba, I., Greene, C. L., Owen, G., & Peck, D. E. (2021).

  Expanded Ethical Principles for Research Partnership and Transdisciplinary Natural Resource Management Science

  . Environmental Management. doi:10.1007/s00267-021-01508-4
• Wilmer, H., Meadow, A., Bentley, A., Carroll, S. R., Ferguson, D. B., Garba, I., Greene, C., Owen, G., & Peck, D. E. (2021). An Expanded Set of Ethical Principles for Transdisciplinary Social-Ecological Research. Ecology and Society, 68, 453-467. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01508-4
• Carroll, S. R., Garba, I., Figueroa-Rodriguez, O. L., Holbrook, J., Lovett, R., Materrechera, S., Parsons, M., Raseroka, K., Rodriguez-Lonebear, D., Rowe, R. K., Sara, R., Walker, J. D., Anderson, J., & Hudson, M. (2020). CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance. Data Science Journal, 19(43), 1–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2020-043
• Carroll, S. R., Garba, I., Hudson, M., Anderson, J., Walker, J. D., Sara, R., Rowe, R., Rodriguez-Lonebear, D., Raseroka, K., Parsons, M. A., Materechera, S. A., Lovett, R., Holbrook, J., & Figueroa-Rodríguez, O. L. (2020). The CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance. Data Science Journal. doi:10.5334/dsj-2020-043
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  Concerns about secondary use of data and limited opportunities for benefit-sharing have focused attention on the tension that Indigenous communities feel between (1) protecting Indigenous rights and interests in Indigenous data (including traditional knowledges) and (2) supporting open data, machine learning, broad data sharing, and big data initiatives. The International Indigenous Data Sovereignty Interest Group (within the Research Data Alliance) is a network of nation-state based Indigenous data sovereignty networks and individuals that developed the ‘CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance’ (Collective Benefit, Authority to Control, Responsibility, and Ethics) in consultation with Indigenous Peoples, scholars, non-profit organizations, and governments. The CARE Principles are people– and purpose-oriented, reflecting the crucial role of data in advancing innovation, governance, and self-determination among Indigenous Peoples. The Principles complement the existing data-centric approach represented in the ‘FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship’ (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). The CARE Principles build upon earlier work by the Te Mana Raraunga Maori Data Sovereignty Network, US Indigenous Data Sovereignty Network, Maiam nayri Wingara Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Data Sovereignty Collective, and numerous Indigenous Peoples, nations, and communities. The goal is that stewards and other users of Indigenous data will ‘Be FAIR and CARE.’ In this first formal publication of the CARE Principles, we articulate their rationale, describe their relation to the FAIR Principles, and present examples of their application.
• Hudson, M., Nanibaa’A, G., Sterling, R., Caron, N. R., Fox, K., Yracheta, J., Anderson, J., Wilcox, P., Arbour, L., Brown, A., & others, . (2020). Rights, interests and expectations: Indigenous perspectives on unrestricted access to genomic data. Nature Reviews Genetics, 21(6), 377--384.
• Garba, I. (2019). Collective Biopolitics. The Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Genetic Research. TECNOSCIENZA: Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, 9(2), 181--196.
• Garba, I. (2019). Collective Biopolitics. The Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Genetic Research. Tecnoscienza : Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies.
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  Abstract : This essay considers issues implicated in biobanking with indigenous peoples, a population increasingly recognized as having a collective right to participation under international law (e.g., the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007)). In contrast, prevailing notions of participation within the field of human rights (including the right to health) presuppose an individualist notion of citizenship. This essay compares the indigenous collective right to participation with “molecularized biopower”, the theory that biopolitics in modern democracies is becoming increasingly individualized in an unprecedented way. Using a US biobanking case study, this essay argues that two aspects of the indigenous collective right to participation (i.e., self-determination and the “empowerment” framework), not only counter the claim for a pervasively individualized biopolitics, but also demonstrate the importance of collective rights for indigenous participation in genetic research generally. Keywords : indigenous, biobanking, biopolitics, genetic, collective, biopower.
• Garrison, N. A., Garba, I., Rainie, S. C., Caron, N. R., Arbour, L., Taualii, M., Martinez, A., Ballantyne, L. L., & Hudson, M. (2019). Genomic Research Through an Indigenous Lens: Understanding the Expectations. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, 20(1), 495-517. doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015434
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  Indigenous scholars are leading initiatives to improve access to genetic and genomic research and health care based on their unique cultural contexts and within sovereign-based governance models created and accepted by their peoples. In the past, Indigenous peoples’ engagement with genomicresearch was hampered by a lack of standardized guidelines and institutional partnerships, resulting in group harms. This article provides a comparative analysis of research guidelines from Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the United States that pertain to Indigenous peoples. The goals of the analysis are to identify areas that need attention, support Indigenous-led governance, and promote the development of a model research policy framework for genomic research and health care that has international relevance for Indigenous peoples.
• Nanibaa’, G., Hudson, M., Ballantyne, L. L., Garba, I., Martinez, A., Taualii, M., Arbour, L., Caron, N. R., & Rainie, S. C. (2019). Genomic research through an indigenous lens: understanding the expectations. Annual review of genomics and human genetics, 20.
• Garba, I., Barraza, L., & Hall-Lipsy, E. (2018). Acquired Duties for Ethical Research With American Indian/Alaska Native Populations: An Application of Pierson and Millum’s Framework. The American Journal of Bioethics, 18(11), 40--42.
• Hall-Lipsy, E., Barraza, L., & Garba, I. (2018). Acquired Duties for Ethical Research With American Indian/Alaska Native Populations: An Application of Pierson and Millum’s Framework. The American Journal of Bioethics, 18(11), 40-42. doi:10.1080/15265161.2018.1523501
• Abara, W. E., & Garba, I. (2017). HIV epidemic and human rights among men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for HIV prevention, care, and surveillance. Global public health, 12(4), 469--482.
• Garba, I., & Abara, W. E. (2017). HIV epidemic and human rights among men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for HIV prevention, care, and surveillance. Global Public Health. doi:10.1080/17441692.2015.1094107
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  Recent research has presented evidence that men who have sex with men (MSM) bear a disproportionate burden of HIV and are at increased risk for HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, many countries in SSA have failed to address the needs of MSM in national HIV/AIDS programmes. Furthermore, many MSM face structural barriers to HIV prevention and care, the most significant of which include laws that criminalise male-to-male sexual contact and facilitate stigma and discrimination. This in turn increases the vulnerability of MSM to acquiring HIV and presents barriers to HIV prevention, care, and surveillance. This relationship illustrates the link between human rights, social justice, and health outcomes and presents considerable challenges to addressing the HIV epidemic among MSM in SSA. The response to the HIV epidemic in SSA requires a non-discriminatory human rights approach to all at-risk groups, including MSM. Existing international human rights treaties, to which many SSA countries are signatories, and a 'health in all policies' approach provides a strong basis to reduce structural barriers to HIV prevention, care, surveillance, and research, and to ensure that all populations in SSA, including MSM, have access to the full range of rights that help ensure equal opportunities for health and wellness.
• Bakinde, N. (2013). Ibrahim Garba and Nicolas Bakinde. Health and Human Rights.
• Garba, I., & Meslin, E. M. (2011). Biobanking and public health: is a human rights approach the tie that binds?. Human Genetics. doi:10.1007/s00439-011-1061-2
  More info

  Ethical principles guiding public health and genomic medicine are often at odds: whereas public health practice adopts collectivist principles that emphasize population-based benefits, recent advances in genomic and personalized medicine are grounded in an individualist ethic that privileges informed consent, and the balancing of individual risk and benefit. Indeed, the attraction of personalized medicine is the promise it holds out to help individuals get the "right medicine for the right problem at the right time." Research biobanks are an effective tool in the genomic medicine toolbox. Biobanking in public health presents a unique case study to unpack some of these issues in more detail. For example, there is a long history of using banked tissue obtained under clinical diagnostic conditions for later public health uses. But despite the collectivist approach of public health, the principles applied to the ethical challenges of biobanking (e.g. informed consent, autonomy, privacy) remain individualist. We demonstrate the value of using human rights as a public health ethics framework to address this tension in biobanking by applying it to two illustrative cases.
• Meslin, E. M., & Garba, I. (2011). Biobanking and public health: is a human rights approach the tie that binds?. Human genetics, 130(3), 451.

Presentations

• Garba, I. (2023). Participant, in meeting on Indigenous Data Governance in universities (Sydney, Australia). Global Indigenous Data Alliance MeetingGlobal Indigenous Data Alliance.
• Garba, I. (2023). Protecting Indigenous AI through IP: some thoughts on governance from Tribal legislation & policy. Indigenous Innovation, Data Economies, And AI Summit (IDEAS).
• Garba, I. (2023). Reciprocity in innovation: the case of Indigenous research governance in the US. Tenth Annual Conference on Governance of Emerging Technologies and Science.
• Garba, I. (2023). Tribal research oversight and review. Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health (Indigenous Reseach and Ethics course).
• Garba, I. (2023, July). Tribal sovereignty and research data. Tribal- Mayo Clinic IRB Summit.
• Garba, I. (2023, June). Updates from the United States. Indigenous Data Sovereignty Summit. Cairns, Australia: Maiam nayri Wingara (Australian Indigenous Data Sovereignty Collective).
• Garba, I. (2021, April). Collective Rights in International Law: A comparison of Indigenous and African Governance Contexts. Lunch and LearnNative Nations Institute.
• Garba, I. (2021, April). Legal Context for Enagaging Native Communities: Implications for Public Health Ethics. CDC Thomas Hooyman Memorial Public Health Ethics Lecture seriesUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• Garba, I. (2021, July). Indigenous Research Governance. Training Workshop for Data Governance BoardSaginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan.
• Garba, I., Carroll, S. R., Hall, D., Hiratsuka, V., Rodriquez-Lonebear, D., & Garrison, N. (2020, November). Tribal sovereignty and research ethics: a review of US Tribal legislation. 9th Biennial International Indigenous Research Conference. Auckland, New Zealand: Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga (NPM), Māori Centre of Research Excellence, University of Auckland.
• Garba, I. (2019, August). Research Ethics. Leadership in Health Equity for American Indian Development (LEAD) Program Orientation. Tucson, AZ: UA Native American Research and Training Center.
• Garba, I. (2019, February). Responsibility, Reciprocity and Relevance: Ethical Conduct of Research with Native American Communities. Winter Institute. Tucson, AZ: UA Native American Research and Training Center.
• Garba, I. (2019, July). Protecting ethically-significant collectives in biomedical research: two developments in international human rights law. Oxford Global Health and Bioethics International Conference. Oxford, England: Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health.
• Garba, I., Ahmed, P., Hall-Lipsy, E. A., Barraza, L. F., & Robertson, C. T. (2018, May). Smartphone Applications as Adjuncts to Medical Devices: A Case Study in Health Regulation. Sixth Annual Conference on Governance of Emerging Technologies: Law, Policy and Ethics. Tempe, AZ.
• Garba, I. (2015, April). Epidemic ethics (House of Commons Debate). 7th Annual Teaching Skills in International Research Ethics (TaSkR) Workshop. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Center for Bioethics.
• Garba, I. (2014, April). International considerations around biomedical ethics. Rising Star Educational Forum: Biomedical Ethics, International Forum for the Advancement of Diabetes Research and Care. Berlin, Germany: Sanofi: Diabetes Division.
• Garba, I. (2014, April). Reducing health disparities among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations: the question of “evidence”. Journal Club. Atlanta, GA: Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine.
• Garba, I. (2013, March). Peoples’ rights in the Banjul Charter: promoting community engagement in biomedical research in sub-Saharan Africa. 4th Annual Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH) Conference. Washington, DC.
• Garba, I., & Odell, J. (2013, October). Open scholarly communications and international cooperation: human rights for equity in bioethics publishing. 15th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities. Atlanta, GA.
• Garba, I. (2012, October). Peoples' rights in the Banjul Charter: a collective corrective in an age of globalization. 40th Anniversary Symposium of the Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics and American Institutions. Bloomington, IN.
• Garba, I. (2011, June). Personalized medicine and public health: can human rights mediate a perennial feud?. Predictive Health Ethics Research (PredictER) Symposium. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Center for Bioethics.

Others

• Garba, I. (2023, January). Comment Letter on Global Digital Compact. United Nations solicitation for input.
• Garba, I. (2023, October). Participant, OCAP® Certification Exploration Study Focus Group (Virtual). First Nations Information Governace Centre.
• Garba, I. (2023, October). Trainer, Indigenous Data Sovereignty Training. Data for governance and self-determined futures. Arizona Department of Health Services.
• Garba, I. (2023, September). Host/facilitator, conversation on research justice involving university research administrators and early-career faculty through NIH-funded grant. University of Arizona.
• Carroll, S. R., Garrison, N., Hudson, M., Ballantyne, L., David-Chavez, D., & Garba, I. (2019, October). Comments responding to Request for Information (RFI) soliciting additional input to the All of Us Research Program 2019 Tribal Consultation (Notice Number: NOT-PM-19-004).
• Robertson, C. T., & Garba, I. (2018, June). Vulnerable Adult/Elder Abuse (Memo): Health Law Monitoring Committee, Uniform Law Commission.
• Garba, I., Hall-Lipsy, E. A., & Barraza, L. (2017, July). Response: Rethinking the Belmont Report? Friesen et al. Bioethics.net Weblog. http://www.bioethics.net/2017/07/rethinking-the-belmont-report/
• Garba, I. (2014, August). Learning to listen: doing federal policy from the bottom-up in Indian Country. Mayo Clinic Diversity in Education Weblog. http://educationdiversityblog.mayo.edu/discussion/learning-to-listen-doing-federal-policy-from-the-bottom-up-in-indian-country/
• Garba, I. (2012, May). Reasons to support a binding treaty on health R&D for developing countries. University Center for Bioethics Weblog. http://iucb.wordpress.com/2012/05/25/reasons-to-support-a-binding-treaty-on-health-rd-for-developing-countries/