Kathryn R Matthias

Interests

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Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Books

• Matthias, K. R., & Katz, M. (2023). Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 6th ed. McGraw-Hill.
• Katz, M., & Matthias, K. R. (2020). Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 5th ed. McGraw Hill.
• Katz, M., Matthias, K. R., & Chisholm-Burns, M. A. (2016). Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 4th ed. McGraw Hill.
• Katz, M., Matthias, K. R., & Chisholm-Burns, M. A. (2013). Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 3rd ed. McGraw Hill.
• Katz, M., Matthias, K. R., & Chisholm-Burns, M. A. (2009). Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 1st ed. McGraw Hill.

Chapters

• Birch Yeoman, T. C., & Matthias, K. R. (2023). Sexually Transmitted Infections. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 6th ed. Access Pharmacy: McGraw Hill.
• Huang, J. C., & Matthias, K. R. (2023). Tuberculosis. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 6th ed. Access Pharmacy: McGraw Hill.
• Katz, M., & Matthias, K. R. (2023). Applying pharmacotherapy principles and practice: how to use this study guide. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 6th ed. Access Pharmacy: McGraw Hill.
• Matthias, K. R. (2023). Diarrhea. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 6th ed. Access Pharmacy: McGraw Hill.
• Treglia, T., & Matthias, K. R. (2023). Adult Immunizations. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 6th ed. Access Pharmacy: McGraw Hill.
• Matthias, K. R. (2022). Invasive Fungal Infection. In Critical Care Pharmacotherapy, 2nd ed. American College of Clinical Pharmacy.
• Matthias, K. R., & Murphy, J. E. (2022). Aminoglycosides. In Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 7th ed(pp 123-168). Bethesda, MD: ASHP. doi:10.37573/9781585286607.FM
• Caraccio, J. C., & Matthias, K. R. (2020). Adult Immunizations. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 5th ed. McGraw Hill.
• Gandhi, R. G., & Matthias, K. R. (2020). Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 5th ed. McGraw Hill.
• Huang, J. C., Po, J. L., & Matthias, K. R. (2020). Tuberculosis. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 5th ed. McGraw Hill.
• Katz, M., & Matthias, K. R. (2020). Applying Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice: How to Use This Study Guide. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 5th ed. McGraw Hill.
• York, L. D., & Matthias, K. R. (2020). Syphilis. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 5th ed. McGraw Hill.
• Murphy, J. E., & Matthias, K. R. (2017). Aminoglycosides. In Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 6th edition(pp 123-154). ASHP Publications.
• Katz, M., Matthias, K. R., & Chisholm-Burns, M. A. (2016). Applying Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice: How to Use This Study Guide. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 4th ed. McGraw Hill.
• Matthias, K. R. (2016). Invasive Fungal Infections. In Critical Care Pharmacotherapy(pp 588-605). Chapter 16: American College of Clinical Pharmacy.
• Matthias, K. R., & Caraccio, J. (2016). Adult Immunizations. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 4th ed. McGraw Hill.
• Matthias, K. R., & Gandhi, R. (2016). Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 4th ed. McGraw Hill.
• Matthias, K. R., & York, L. (2016). Syphilis. In Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice Study Guide: A Case Based Care Plan Approach, 4th ed. McGraw Hill.
• Rominski, J. M., Matthias, K. R., & Erstad, B. L. (2010). Use and Evaluation of Serum Drug Levels. In Decision Making in Medicine: An Algorithmic Approach. Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-04107-2.50249-0
• Rominski, J. M., & Matthias, K. R. (2009). Use and evaluation of vancomycin serum drug level. In Decision Making in Medicine: An Algorithmic Approach. Elsevier.

Journals/Publications

• Erstad, B. L., Matthias, K. R., & Nix, D. E. (2022). Vancomycin Dosing in Patients with Obesity. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacists, 79(22), 2058-2069. doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxac229
• Nix, D. E., Davis, L., & Matthias, K. R. (2022). Response to Rybak et al. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxac126
• Nix, D. E., Davis, L., & Matthias, K. R. (2022). The relationship of vancomycin 24-hour AUC and trough concentration. American Journal of Health System Pharmacists, 79(7), 534-539. doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxab457
• Hooten, R., Marquez, J. L., Goldlist, K., Urcis, R., Adams, M., Matthias, K. R., Nix, D. E., & Al Mohajer, M. (2019). Overprescription of Antibiotics in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit. Avicenna Journal of Medicine, 9(3), 107-110. doi:10.4103/ajm.AJM_189_18
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  We aimed to assess factors associated with therapy failure in patients withjuired pneumonia in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Electronic charts of patients with International Classilcation of Diseases. Ninth Revision. codes of pneumonia who were admitted to the ICU at a tertiary academic medical center in Southern Arizona were reviewed. Results: Antipseudomonal coverage and anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) coverage were often prescribed (58.4% and 54.1%, respectively). Antipseudomonal coverage was rarely necessary as pseudomonal pneumonia was found in only one case (0.9%). Antipseudomonal and anti-MRSA coverage was not associated with outcomes. Conclusion: Overprescription of antibiotics in this population remains a More work is needed to further limit unnecessary antibiotic use.
• Nix, D. E., Villanueva, J. E., & Matthias, K. R. (2020). The importance of dosing interval in AUC-based vancomycin dosing. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacists, 77(6), 487-492. doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxz180
• Al Mohajer, M., Matthias, K. R., Nix, D. E., Duarte, A., Beatty, N., & Taweel, I. (2018). Significance of Bacteriuria in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease on Haemodialysis. Avicenna Journal of Medicine, 8(2), 51-54. doi:10.4103/ajm.AJM_199_17
• Al Mohajer, M., Matthias, K. R., Nix, D. E., Saenz, J. A., August, J., & Beatty, N. (2018). Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Associated with the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Among Medical Students, Residents, and Attending Physicians. Avicenna Journal of Medicine, 8(3), 104-106. doi:10.4103/ajm.AJM_200_17
• Beatty, N. L., Hager, K. M., McKeown, K. R., Mora, F., Matthias, K. R., Nix, D. E., & Al Mohajer, M. (2018). Influenza Vaccine Availability at Urgent Care Centers in the State of Arizona. American Journal of Infection Control, 46(8), 946-948. doi:https://dx-doi-org.ezproxy4.library.arizona.edu/10.1016/j.ajic.2018.02.005
• Korayem, G., Eljaaly, K. O., Matthias, K. R., & Zangeneh, T. T. (2018). Oral Vancomycin Monotherapy versus Combination Therapy in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Uncomplicated Clostridium difficile Infection: A retrospective cohort study. Transplantation Proceedings, 50(1), 137-141. doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.11.016
• Adams, M. D., Nix, D. E., Matthias, K. R., Bach, M., Althaghfi, A., & Al Mohajer, M. (2017). Impact of Verigene Multiplex PCR on Antibiotic Stewardship In Patients with Gram-Negative Bacteremia. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 4(Suppl 1), S625. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1654
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  Presented at IDWeek2017
• Al Mohajer, M., Matthias, K. R., & Nix, D. E. (2017). Improving The Knowledge Of Students And Physicians Regarding Appropriate Use Of Antibiotics For Respiratory Infections Through Online Educational Module. American Journal of Infection Control, 45(1), e15-e17. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.09.027
• Al Mohajer, M., Nix, D. E., Matthias, K. R., Armstrong, D. G., Giovinco, N., Gardner, S., Salloum, M., Farran, S., & Ong, E. (2017). Does Everything that’s Counted Count? Value of inflammatory markers for following therapy and predicting outcome in diabetic foot infection. The International Journal for Lower Extremity Wounds, 16(2), 104-7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1534734617700539
• Bach, M., Mohajer, M. A., Nix, D. E., Mohajer, M. A., Matthias, K. R., Bach, M., Althaghfi, A., & Adams, M. (2017). Impact of Verigene Multiplex PCR for Positive Blood Cultures and Gram Negative Bacteremia. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 4(suppl_1), S625-S625. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1654
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  AbstractBackgroundMany patients with bacteremia due to Gram-negative organisms are not treated appropriately. This has been linked to high rates of multi-drug resistant organisms, hospital costs, length of stay, and mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of implementation of Verigene multiplex PCR on appropriate use of antibiotics, and the time to streamlining of therapy in this population.MethodsThis study included hospitalized patients with Gram-negative organisms isolated from blood cultures both six months before, and six months after the implementation of Verigene at a tertiary care academic medical center. An institutional review board approved this study. We excluded patients that had organisms isolated from autopsy sample and patients under the age of 18. Appropriate therapy was defined as any antibiotic therapy to which the organism was reported as being susceptible once susceptibility results were available. Streamlined therapy was defined as the narrowest antibiotic selection based off organism susceptibility. The primary outcome measure was the time to streamlining of therapy (before culture and susceptibility date were available). Data was compared by group (before and after Verigene implementation) using multiple logistic regression model in SAS.ResultsA total of 287 patients were included. 140 of the subjects were male (48.8%). Mean age in the pre-verigene group was 61.5 years (SD 17.1) and the mean age in the post-verigene group was 59.7 (SD 18.2). In 93 patients, cultures were collected in the ICU setting (32.4%). In nine post-verigene patients, ESBL with the CTX-M resistance marker was isolated. Six of these patients were switched from inappropriate therapy to a carbapenem. The time to appropriate antibiotics in the pre-verigene group was 0.4 days (SD 0.8) and in the post-verigene group 0.4 days (SD 1.0 P = 0.57). The time to streamlining of antibiotics following culture was improved in the post-verigene group (1.9 days, SD 1.3) compared with the pre-verigene group (2.6 days, SD 1.4 P = 0.01).ConclusionThe use of Verigene multiplex PCR was associated with improved time to streamlining of antibiotic therapy in patients with Gram-negative bacteremia.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
• Beatty, N., Hager, K., Mckeown, K., Mora, F., Matthias, K. R., Nix, D. E., & Al Mohajer, M. (2017). 2016–2017 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Availability at Urgent Care Centers in the state of Arizona, USA. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 4(Suppl 1), S520. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1354
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  Presented at IDWeek 2017https://idsa.confex.com/idsa/2017/webprogram/Paper63723.html
• Beatty, N., Nix, D. E., August, J., McKeown, K., Alshibani, M., Petty, W. G., Matthias, K. R., & Al Mohajer, M. (2017). Rapid Multiplex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel Testing Improves Antibiotic Stewardship in Patients with Suspected Infectious Diarrhea Compared to Conventional Methods. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 4(Suppl 1), S624. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1652
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  Project was presented at IDWeek2017
• Beatty, N., Nix, D. E., August, J., Swazo, R., Kottey, J., Mckeown, K., Alshibani, M., Petty, W., Matthias, K. R., & Al Mohajer, M. (2017). Appropriateness of a Rapid Multiplex Gastrointestinal Panel in the Investigation of Suspected Infectious Diarrhea After Implementation at an Academic Medical Center. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 4(Suppl 1), S361-362. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx163.878
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  Presented at IDWeek2017
• Korayem, G. B., Zangeneh, T. T., & Matthias, K. R. (2018). Urinary Tract Infections Recurrence and Development of Urinary-Specific Antibiogram for Kidney Transplant Recipients. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 12, 119-123. doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2017.08.009
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  Urinary tract infections (UTI) recurrence and antimicrobial resistance remain a common problem in kidney transplant recipients. While the use of annual institutional antibiograms may help guide appropriate empiric antibiotic selection, these non-disease specific antibiograms do not always account for patient-specific risk factors or disease-specific resistance patterns.
• Repholz, A., Matthias, K. R., Sivinski, J., Lew, D., Tien, Q., Daines, C. L., & Phan, H. (2017). Extended Infusion of Beta-Lactams in the Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Exacerbations in Cystic Fibrosis: A Pilot Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy Outcomes. Pediatric Pulmonary, 52, S387.
• Beatty, N., Nix, D. E., Matthias, K. R., Petty, W. G., & Al Mohajer, M. (2016). Efficacy and cost comparison between a rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gastrointestinal (GI) pathogen panel versus conventional stool analysis techniques in suspected cases of infectious Diarrheal disease at a tertiary medical center. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 3(Suppl 1). doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw172.81
• Huang, V., Klepser, M. E., Gubbins, P. O., Bergman, S. J., Chahine, E. B., Halilovic, J., Hidayat, L. K., Matthias, K. R., & Tesh, L. D. (2015). Quantification of curricular content devoted to the theory and application of rapid diagnostic testing in infectious diseases in schools and colleges of pharmacy in the United States. Pharmacy Education, 1(15), 1-6.
• Gubbins, P. O., Klepser, M. E., Dering-Anderson, A. M., Bauer, K. A., Darin, K. M., Klepser, S., Matthias, K. R., & Scarsi, K. (2014). Point-of-care testing for infectious diseases: opportunities, barriers, and considerations in community pharmacy. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA, 54(2), 163-71. doi:10.1331/JAPhA.2014.13167
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  OBJECTIVES To identify opportunities to perform point-of-care (POC) testing and/or screening for infectious diseases in community pharmacies, provide an overview of such tests and how they are used in current practice, discuss how the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) affect pharmacists performing POC testing, and identify and discuss barriers and provide recommendations for those wanting to establish POC testing for infectious diseases services in community pharmacies. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Google Scholar were searched from November 2012 through May 2013 and encompassed the years 2000 and beyond for the narrative review section of this article using the search terms rapid diagnostic tests, POC testing and infectious diseases, pharmacy services, CLIA waiver, and collaborative drug therapy management. All state boards of pharmacy in the United States were contacted and their regulatory and legislative websites accessed in 2012 and January 2013 to review relevant pharmacy practice laws. DATA SYNTHESIS POC testing for infectious diseases represents a significant opportunity to expand services in community pharmacies. Pharmacist education and training are addressing knowledge deficits in good laboratory practices and test performance and interpretation. Federal regulations do not define the qualifications for those who perform CLIA-waived tests, yet few pharmacists perform such services. Fewer than 20% of states address POC testing in their statutes and regulations governing pharmacy. CONCLUSION POC testing for infectious diseases could benefit patients and society and represents an opportunity to expand pharmacy services in community pharmacies. Existing barriers to the implementation of such services in community pharmacies, including deficits in pharmacist training and education along with state regulatory and legislative variance and vagueness in statutes governing pharmacy, are not insurmountable.
• Jarrell, D. H., Matthias, K. R., & Nix, D. E. (2014). Incidence and risk factors for persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Current Trends in Microbiology, 9, 65-71.
• Matthias, K. R., Nix, D. E., Peloquin, C. A., & Graham, M. L. (2012). Poor absorption of high-dose posaconazole in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 46(9), e22.
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  To describe the use of high-dose posaconazole in 2 pediatric patients who received bone marrow transplant (BMT) and highlight concerns regarding posaconazole absorption.
• Nix, D. E., Matthias, K. R., & Erstad, B. L. (2011). Vancomycin clearance in overweight and obese patients. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 68(19), 1776-7; author reply 1777-8.
• Ianas, V., Matthias, K. R., & Klotz, S. A. (2010). Role of posaconazole in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Infection and drug resistance, 3, 45-51.
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  Posaconazole is the newest azole antifungal approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and possesses a broad spectrum of activity against numerous yeasts and filamentous fungi. It is available as an oral suspension and is generally well tolerated by patients, but gastrointestinal absorption is sometimes inadequate and remains a clinical concern in treating deep-seated infections. It is used routinely and effectively for the prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in immunosuppressed hosts and is an effective treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis, including azole-resistant disease.
• Nix, D. E., & Matthias, K. R. (2010). Should tigecycline be considered for urinary tract infections? A pharmacokinetic re-evaluation. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 65(6), 1311-2.
• Perreiter, A., Nix, D. E., & Matthias, K. (2010). Appropriateness of ciprofloxacin dosing based on a population pharmacokinetic model. Hospital Pharmacy, 45(3), 237-243.
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  Abstract: Purpose: Over the past two decades, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin have been steadily increasing for gram-negative bacteria. One major reason cited for this "MIC creep" is underdosing of ciprofloxacin due to a lack of understanding of its pharmacodynamic properties. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of underdosing of ciprofloxacin in a tertiary acute care medical center based on a population pharmacokinetic model. Secondary objectives included evaluation of appropriateness of dosing based on renal function and approved product labeling.Methods: Seventy-six patients were included in this single-center, retrospective study. Data collection included demographic, laboratory, and microbiology data along with details on antibiotic administration. Patient-specific predicted 24-hour area under the curve/MIC (AUC 24/MIC) values were estimated using a population pharmacokinetic model with a goal predicted AUC24/MIC of at least 100 and a preferred target value of 250.Results: Only 8% of the subjects obtained a predicted AUC24/MIC higher than 250, while 34% of the subjects achieved a predicted AUC24/MIC of 100 or less. The majority of patients (79%) received a total daily intravenous-equivalent dose of 800 mg, whereas only 8% of subjects received an initial total daily intravenous-equivalent dose of 1,200 mg, which is the recommended dose for most severe infections. Overall 26% of subjects were prescribed an appropriate initial dose for their estimated renal function based on infection type and severity.Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin for acute infection treatment was frequently underdosed based on US Food and Drug Administration-approved labeling and estimated predicted AUC24/MIC at a tertiary acute care medical center. © 2010 Thomas Land Publishers, Inc.
• Enrich, L. B., Scheuermann, M. L., Mohadjer, A., Matthias, K. R., Eller, C. F., Newman, M. S., Fujinaka, M., & Poon, T. (2008). Liquidambar styraciflua: a renewable source of shikimic acid. Tetrahedron Letters, 49(16), 2503-2505.
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  Abstract: An isolation procedure is presented that yields 2.4-3.7% w/w pure shikimic acid from the seeds of Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum). Shikimic acid, the starting material in the commercial synthesis of the antiviral agent oseltamivir and an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants, was found by HPLC to be abundant in the granular, aborted seeds (6.5% w/w) while present only in small amounts in the developed, fertile seeds (0.14% w/w). This extraction technique makes L. styraciflua, which is found in 40 states of the continental US, a potential renewable source of this important natural product. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Koopman, E., Nix, D. E., Erstad, B. L., Demeure, M. J., Hayes, M. M., Ruth, J. T., & Matthias, K. R. (2007). End-of-procedure cefazolin concentrations after administration for prevention of surgical-site infection. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 64(18), 1927-34.
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  The adequacy of end-of-procedure free cefazolin concentrations after administration for the prevention of surgical-site infection (SSI) and compliance with national guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis for SSI were assessed.
• Matthias, K. R., Gibson, K. D., Draugalis, J. R., & Spravzoff, S. R. (2006). Determining nurses' satisfaction with pharmacy services: A suggested methodology and demonstration. Hospital Pharmacy, 41(6), 552-559.
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  Abstract: Purpose: The level of nurses' satisfaction regarding pharmacy services provided at a rural medical center was evaluated and compared to data collected in a previous study at the same institution. Information obtained was used to determine potential areas for pharmacy service improvements. Methods: This project employed a survey research design that acquired demographic and descriptive data. The updated survey contained 43 items including 34 scaled, seven demographic, and two open-ended items. Aspects assessed by this instrument included accessibility of pharmacists, accuracy of medication delivery, quality of drug information services, and perceptions of pharmacists' value by nursing staff. All inpatient nurse practitioners, licensed practical nurses, and registered nurses who were employed at the Medical Center in the winter of 2004 were eligible to participate in this study. The a priori level of significance for all analyses was two-tailed at 0.05. Results: A total of 199 surveys were returned for a response rate of 43.9%. The overall level of nurses' satisfaction with pharmacy services at the Medical Center had not significantly changed between the years of 2000 and 2004; however, satisfaction with several specific aspects of pharmaceutical services changed over time. Increased levels of satisfaction were related to medication accuracy and inpatient pharmacy hours; decreased levels of satisfaction were reported for medication availability in automated medication dispensing machines and pharmacy telephone services. The level of nurses' satisfaction with pharmacy services was increased in relation to the communication between pharmacists and nurses and decreased in relation to technology associated pharmacy services. Conclusion: The data gleaned from the survey were evaluated in order to make recommendations to the Medical Center's Director of Pharmacy. An instrument was developed and validated to discern nurses' level of satisfaction with pharmacy services. This methodology may also be used at other institutions.
• Nix, D. E., Erstad, B. L., Nakazato, P. Z., Barletta, J. F., Matthias, K. R., & Kruger, T. S. (2006). Estimation of creatinine clearance in end-stage liver disease. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 40(5), 900-8.
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  Estimation of renal function in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) is complicated by several factors.
• Nix, D. E., Matthias, K. R., & Ferguson, E. C. (2004). Effect of ertapenem protein binding on killing of bacteria. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 48(9), 3419-24.
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  The effect of protein binding on the antimicrobial activity of ertapenem was evaluated using the bacterial kill rate and concentration-response studies. Various proportions of human serum were utilized to determine the total and free-drug concentrations using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The MICs and kill curves were determined for test isolates of Enterobacter cloacae and Staphylococcus aureus at various percentages of human serum. The killing of bacteria was analyzed in relation to the free and total concentrations of ertapenem at various proportions of human serum. It was determined that unbound ertapenem was responsible for the antimicrobial activity against the test isolates.

Presentations

• Villanueva, J. E., Matthias, K. R., & Nix, D. E. (2019, June). Antibiotic Stewardship Roundtable Sessions. Arizona Infectious Diseases Training and Exercise. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona Department of Health Services.
• Roller, B., Elliott, S. P., Matthias, K. R., & Nix, D. E. (2017, April). Update on diagnosis for several healthcare-associated infections. UA Department of Surgery Grand Rounds. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Department of Surgery.
• Al Mohajer, M., Matthias, K. R., & Nix, D. E. (2016, October). Improving the knowledge and attitudes of students and physicians regarding appropriate use of antibiotics for respiratory infections through online CME modules. IDWeek 2016. New Orleans, LA: Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the HIV Medicine Association (HIVMA), and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS).
• Beatty, N., August, J., Saenz, A., Nix, D. E., Matthias, K. R., & Al Mohajer, M. (2016, October). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections among medical students, residents, and attending physicians. IDWeek 2016. New Orleans, LA: Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the HIV Medicine Association (HIVMA), and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS).
• Gaynor, P., Matthias, K. R., Nix, D. E., Tsui, T. Y., & Al Mohajer, M. (2016, May). The role of infectious disease consultation in patients with enterococcus bacteremia. SHEA Spring 2016. Atlanta, GA: The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America.
• Hooten, R., Marquez, J. L., Goldlist, K., Urcis, R., Adams, M., Matthias, K. R., Nix, D. E., & Al Mohajer, M. (2016, October). Overprescription of antibiotics in patients with community-aquired pneumonia in the ICU. IDWeek 2016. New Orleans, LA: Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the HIV Medicine Association (HIVMA), and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS).
• Matthias, K. R. (2015, January). Infection Disease in the ICU: Year in Review. 44th Critical Care Congress. Phoenix, Arizona: Society of Critical Care Medicine.

Poster Presentations

• Brahm, N., Mesa, C., Salazar Jr., J., Matthew, G., Perez, A., & Matthias, K. R. (2021, March). Evaluation of Clostridioides difficile Testing and Treatment. American Pharmacists Association (APhA) Virtual Annual Meeting & Exposition. Virtual: American Pharmacist Association.
• Hayes, J., Matthias, K. R., Villanueva, J. E., & Nix, D. E. (2020, Oct). A Descriptive Analysis of Fluconazole Utilization at Two Academic Medical Centers in the Valley Fever Corridor of Arizona. IDWeek 2020. Virtual conference: Infectious Diseases Society of America.
• Beatty, N., Nix, D. E., August, J., Matthias, K. R., & Al Mohajer, M. (2018, April). Rapid multiplex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel Improves Antibiotic Stewardship In Patients with Suspected Infectious Diarrhoea. European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Madrid, Spain: European Society of Clinical Microbiology.
• Hussain, J., Frey, A., Kalikotay, G., & Matthias, K. R. (2018, December). Evaluation of empiric vancomycin prescribing patterns. 2018 ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting and Exhibition. Anaheim, CA: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
• Gandhi, R., Matthias, K. R., & Nix, D. E. (2015, May). Identifying adaptive vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from blood cultures. 18th Annual MAD-ID Meeting. Orlando, Florida.
• Lee-Chuu, S., Kim, C., Fann, C., Le, L., & Matthias, K. R. (2015, December). Evaluation of Adherence to Empiric Antibiotic Recommendations in Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections. 50th American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Midyear Clinical Meeting & Exhibition. New Orleans.
• Ly, E., Mirgeler, S., Rollins, C., & Matthias, K. R. (2015, December). Development of a Standardized Parenteral Nutrition Protocol for the Obese Population. 50th American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Midyear Clinical Meeting & Exhibition. New Orleans: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
• Villanueva, J. E., Camamo, J. M., & Matthias, K. R. (2015, December). Evaluation of the appropriate use of posaconazole at an academic medical center following the implementation of criteria to guide use. 50th American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Midyear Clinical Meeting & Exhibition. New Orleans.
• Bastani, R., Condon, A., Matthias, K. R., & Nix, D. E. (2014, December). Evaluation of time to appropriate therapy for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections using rapid species identification. 49th American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Midyear Clinical Meeting & Exhibition. Anaheim, California: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP).
• Matthias, K. R., Nguyen, L., Nkemzi, G., Yee, B. M., & Nix, D. E. (2014, August). Evaluation of sulfamethoxazole concentrations in treatment with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Skaggs Biomedical Research Symposium. Missoula, Montana.
• Matthias, K. R., Nix, D. E., Hoover, S., & Galgiani, J. N. (2014, April). Comparison of Nikkomycin Z bioavailability after single dose administration under fed and fasting conditions. 58th Annual Coccidioidomycosis Study Group Meeting. Phoenix, Arizona: Coccidioidomycosis Study Group.
• Nguyen, A., Deitering, S., Phan, H., Brandon, M. M., & Matthias, K. R. (2014, December). Evaluation of Treatment and Outcomes in Infants and Childrens with Urinary Tract Infection. 49th American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Midyear Clinical Meeting & Exhibition. Anaheim, California: American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP).
• Rollins, C. J., Lowrey, O., Thaler, L., & Matthias, K. R. (2014, April). Evaluation of the occurrence of hypermanganesemia in patients on long-term parenteral nutrition. The National Home Infusion Association. Orlando, Florida.

Case Studies

• Beatty, N., Brown, C., Matthias, K. R., Hypes, C., & Georgescu, A. D. (2016. Treatment of Disseminated Adenovirus with Brincidofovir in an Immunocompetent Male [Poster](pp Poster).

Other Teaching Materials

• Al Mohajer, M., Matthias, K. R., & Nix, D. E. (2015. Diagnosis and Management of Common Respiratory Infections. College of Medicine Continuing Medical Education.

Others

• Lam, E. H., Bissing, J. M., Ito, S., Patanwala, A. E., & Matthias, K. R. (2012, MAY). Evaluation of prescribed empiric cellulitis therapy at an academic medical center emergency department. PHARMACOTHERAPY.
• Malina, K., Weibel, K., & Matthias, K. R. (2012, MAY). Evaluation of oral fluoroquinolone administration before and after implementation of computer generated medication administration record. PHARMACOTHERAPY.
• Nix, D., Matthias, K., & Snyder, R. (2012). Fungal survival in fourth-generation fluoroquinolone (FQ) ophthalmic preparations. INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE.
• Campbell, J. R., Stehmer, T. M., Nix, D. E., Wolk, D., & Matthias, K. R. (2008, MAY). Evaluation of combination therapy for Clostridium difficile infection. PHARMACOTHERAPY.