Markus Tuller

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Scholarly Contributions

Chapters

• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., & Pennell, K. D. (2023). Soil specific surface area. In Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (2nd Edition)(pp 22-31). Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-822974-3.00191-9
• Babaeian, E., & Tuller, M. (2023). Proximal sensing of evapotranspiration. In Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (2nd Edition)(pp 610-617). Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-822974-3.00156-7
• Babaeian, E., & Tuller, M. (2023). Proximal sensing of land surface temperature. In Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (2nd Edition)(pp 600-609). Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-822974-3.00129-4
• Or, D., & Tuller, M. (2023). Capillarity. In Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (2nd Edition)(pp 225-239). Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-822974-3.00115-4
• Or, D., Tuller, M., & Wraith, J. M. (2023). Water Potential. In Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (2nd Edition)(pp 159-167). Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-822974-3.00114-2
• Tuller, M., & Or, D. (2023). Soil water retention and characteristic curve. In Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (2nd Edition)(pp 187-202). Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-822974-3.00105-1
• Tuller, M., Babaeian, E., & Jones, S. B. (2023). Proximal sensing of soil moisture. In Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (2nd Edition)(pp 591-599). Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-822974-3.00157-9
• Bar-Tal, A., Saha, U. K., Raviv, M., & Tuller, M. (2019). Inorganic and Synthetic Organic Components of Soilless Culture and Potting Mixtures. In Soilless Culture: Theory and Practice - 2nd Edition. Elsevier.
• Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Arthur, E., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2018). Soil Physical Properties and Processes. In Handbook of Environmental Engineering(pp 137-207). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
• Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Ebtehaj, A. M., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2018). Remote Sensing of Environmental Variables and Fluxes. In Handbook of Environmental Engineering(pp 249-302). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
• Volkmann, T. H., Sengupta, A., Pangle, L. A., Dontsova, K. M., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Harman, C. J., Niu, G., Meredith, L., Abramson, N., Alves Meira Neto, A., Wang, Y., Adams, J. R., Breshears, D. D., Bugaj, A., Chorover, J. D., Cueva, A., DeLong, S. B., Durcik, M., Ferre, P. A., , Huxman, T. E., et al. (2018). Controlled Experiments of Hillslope Coevolution at the Biosphere 2 Landscape Evolution Observatory: Toward Prediction of Coupled Hydrological, Biogeochemical, and Ecological Changes. In Hydrology of Artificial and Controlled Experiments(pp 25-74). Rijeka, Croatia: IntechOpen Limited.
• Volkmann, T. H., Sengupta, A., Pangle, L. A., Dontsova, K. M., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Harman, C. J., Niu, G., Meredith, L., Abramson, N., Alves Meira Neto, A., Wang, Y., Adams, J. R., Breshears, D. D., Bugaj, A., Chorover, J. D., Cueva, A., DeLong, S. B., Durcik, M., Ferre, P. A., , Huxman, T. E., et al. (2017). Controlled Experiments of Hillslope Coevolution at the Biosphere 2 Landscape Evolution Observatory: Toward Prediction of Coupled Hydrological, Biogeochemical, and Ecological Changes. In Hydrology of Artificial and Controlled Experiments. Rijeka, Croatia: IN TECH d.o.o.
• Vaz, C. M., Tuller, M., Lasso, P. R., & Crestena, S. (2014). New Perspectives for the Application of High-Resolution Benchtop X-Ray MicroCT for Quantifying Void, Solid and Liquid Phases in Soils.. In Application of Soil Physics in Environmental Analyses(pp 261-281). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
• Tuller, M. (2013). Soil Water Relations. In Exercises in Soil Physics(pp 48-82). Reiskirchen, Germany: Catena.
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  Editor(s): Warrick, A | Lazarovitch, NISBN: 978-3-923381-60-9
• Tuller, M., Kulkarni, R., & Fink, W. (2013). Segmentation of X-Ray CT Data of Porous Materials: A Review of Global and Locally Adaptive Algorithms. In Tomography and Imaging of Soil-Water-Root Processes. SSSA Special Publication.
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  Editor(s): Anderson, SA | Hopmans, JWISBN: 978-0-89118-958-9

Journals/Publications

• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Norgaard, T., Moldrup, P., Chen, C., Rehman, H. U., Weber, P. L., Knadel, M., & de Jonge, L. W. (2023). Contribution of organic carbon to the total specific surface area of soils with varying clay mineralogy. Geoderma, 430, 116314. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116314
• Babaeian, E., & Tuller, M. (2023). The Feasibility of Remotely Sensed Near-Infrared Reflectance for Soil Moisture Estimation for Agricultural Water Management. Remote Sensing, 15(11), 2736. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15112736
• Norouzi, S., Sadeghi, M., Tuller, M., Ebrahimian, H., Liaghat, A., Jones, S. B., & de Jonge, L. W. (2023). A novel laboratory method for the retrieval of the soil water retention curve from shortwave infrared reflectance. Journal of Hydrology, 626(B), 130284. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130284
• Song, X., Chen, C., Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Zhou, H., Shang, J., & Hu, K. (2023). Effect of soil organic matter on sorption of water vapor and associated hysteresis. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 87(6), 1249-1262. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20577
• Sun, F., Xiao, B., & Tuller, M. (2024). Multifaceted impacts of moss-dominated biocrusts on dryland soils: From soil pore structure to aeration and water infiltration. Catena, 236, 107755. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2023.107755
• Sun, F., Xiao, B., Kidron, G. J., & Tuller, M. (2023). Towards the effects of moss-dominated biocrusts on surface soil aeration in drylands: Air permeability analysis and modeling. Catena, 223, 106942. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2023.106942
• Yan, F., Tuller, M., de Jonge, L. W., Moldrup, P., & Arthur, E. (2023). Specific surface area of soils with different clay mineralogy can be estimated from a single hygroscopic water content. Geoderma, 438, 116614. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116614
• Babaeian, E., Paheding, S., Siddique, N., Devabhaktuni, V. K., & Tuller, M. (2022). Short- and mid-term forecasts of actual evapotranspiration with deep learning. Journal of Hydrology, 612(A), 116017. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128078
• Condorell, G. E., Newcomb, M., Groli, E. L., Maccaferri, M., Forestan, C., Babaeian, E., Tuller, M., White, J. W., Ward, R., Mockler, T., Shakoor, N., & Tuberosa, R. (2022). Genome Wide Association Study Uncovers the QTLome for Osmotic Adjustment and Related Drought Adaptive Traits in Durum Wheat. Genes, 13(2), 293. doi:10.3390/genes13020293
• Norouzi, S., Sadeghi, M., Tuller, M., Liaghat, A., Jones, S. B., & Ebrahimian, H. (2022). A novel physical-empirical model linking shortwave infrared reflectance and soil water retention. Journal of Hydrology, 614(B), 128653. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128653
• Song, X., Chen, C., Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Zhou, H., Shang, J., & Ren, T. (2022). Cation exchange capacity and soil pore system play key roles in water vapour sorption. Geoderma, 424, 116017. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116017
• Arthur, E., Rehman, H. U., Tuller, M., Pouladi, N., Nørgaard, T., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2021). Estimating Atterberg limits of soils from hygroscopic water content. Geoderma, 381, 114698. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114698
• Babaeian, E., Paheding, S., Siddique, N., Devabhaktuni, V. K., & Tuller, M. (2021). Estimation of root zone soil moisture from ground and remotely sensed soil information with multisensor data fusion and automated machine learning. Remote Sensing of Environment, 260, 112434. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112434
• Babaeian, E., Sadeghi, M., Gohardoust, M. R., Arthur, E., Effati, M., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2021). The Feasibility of Shortwave Infrared Imaging and Inverse Numerical Modeling for Rapid Estimation of Soil Hydraulic Properties. Vadose Zone Journal, 20(2), e20089. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20089
• Bar-Tal, A., Heller, H., Shawahna, R., Amichai, M., Cohen, S., Guy, O., Segoli, M., & Tuller, M. (2021). The Effects of Irrigation Frequency on Water and Heat Regimes in Different Substrates and their Mixtures: Tomato as a Case Study. Acta Horticulturae, 1321, 31-38.
• Chen, C., Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Zhou, H., Wang, X., Shang, J., Hu, K., & Ren, T. (2021). Estimation of soil specific surface area from adsorbed soil water content. European Journal of Soil Science, 72(4), 1718-1725. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13068
• Ghanbarian, B., Hunt, A. G., Bittelli, M., Tuller, M., & Arthur, E. (2021). Estimating specific surface area: Incorporating the effect of surface roughness and probing molecule size. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 85(3), 534-545. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20231
• Gohardoust, M. R., Simunek, J., Hardelauf, H., & Tuller, M. (2021). Adaptation and validation of the ParSWMS numerical code for simulation of water flow and solute transport in soilless greenhouse substrates. Journal of Hydrology, 596, 126053. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126053
• Hermansen, C., Norgaard, T., de Jonge, L. W., Weber, P. L., Moldrup, P., Greve, M. H., Tuller, M., & Arthur, E. (2021). Linking water vapor sorption to water repellency in soils with high organic carbon contents. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 85(4), 1037-1049. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20248
• Mousavi, F., Abdi, E., Knadel, M., Tuller, M., Ghalandarzadeh, A., Bahrami, H. A., & Majnounian, B. (2021). Combining Vis–NIR spectroscopy and advanced statistical analysis for estimation of soil chemical properties relevant for forest road construction. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 85(4), 1073-1090. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20253
• Norouzi, S., Sadeghi, M., Liaghat, A., Tuller, M., Jones, S. B., & Ebrahimian, H. (2021). Information depth of NIR/SWIR soil reflectance spectroscopy. Remote Sensing of Environment, 256, 112315. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112315
• Song, X., Chen, C., Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Zhou, H., & Ren, T. (2021). Effects of increasing water activity on the relationship between water vapor sorption and clay content. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 85(3), 520-525. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20236
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2020). Clay content and mineralogy, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity affect water vapour sorption hysteresis of soil. European Journal of Soil Science, 71(2), 204-214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12853
• Foroughi, H., Naseri, A. A., Nasab, S. B., Hamzeh, S., Sadeghi, M., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2020). A new mathematical formulation for remote sensing of soil moisture based on the Red-NIR space. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 41(20), 8034-8047. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2020.1770365
• Gohardoust, M. R., Bar-Tal, A., Effati, M., & Tuller, M. (2020). Characterization of Physicochemical and Hydraulic Properties of Organic and Mineral Soilless Culture Substrates and Mixtures. Agronomy, 10(9), 1403. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091403
• Knadel, M., de Jonge, L. W., Tuller, M., Rehman, H. U., Jensen, P. W., Moldrup, P., Greve, M. H., & Arthur, E. (2020). Combining visible near-infrared spectroscopy and water vapor sorption for soil specific surface area estimation. Vadose Zone Journal, 19(1), e20007. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20007
• Sadeghi, M., Ebtehaj, A., Crow, W. T., Gao, L., Purdy, A. J., Fisher, J. B., Jones, S. B., Babaeian, E., & Tuller, M. (2020). Global Estimates of Land Surface Water Fluxes from SMOS and SMAP Satellite Soil Moisture Data. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 21(2), 241-253. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-19-0150.1
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Norgaard, T., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2019). Improved estimation of clay content from water content for soils rich in smectite and kaolinite. GEODERMA, 350, 40-45. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.05.018
• Babaeian, E., Sadeghi, M., Jones, S. B., Montzka, C., Vereecken, H., & Tuller, M. (2019). Ground, Proximal, and Satellite Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture. REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS, 57(2), 530-616. doi:10.1029/2018RG000618
• Babaeian, E., Sidike, P., Newcomb, M. S., Maimaitijiang, M., White, S. A., Demieville, J., Ward, R., Sadeghi, M., LeBauer, D. S., Jones, S. B., Sagan, V., & Tuller, M. (2019). A New Optical Remote Sensing Technique for High-Resolution Mapping of Soil Moisture. FRONTIERS IN BIG DATA, 2, Article 37. doi:10.3389/fdata.2019.00037
• Effati, M., Bahrami, H., Gohardoust, M. R., Babaeian, E., & Tuller, M. (2019). Application of Satellite Remote Sensing for Estimation of Dust Emission Probability in the Urmia Lake Basin in Iran. SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL, 83(4), 993-1002. doi:10.2136/sssaj2019.01.0018
• Robinson, D. A., Hopmans, J. W., Filipovic, V., van der Ploeg, M., Lebron, I., Jones, S. B., Reinsch, S., Jarvis, N., & Tuller, M. (2019). Global environmental changes impact soil hydraulic functions through biophysical feedbacks. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 25(6), 1895-1904. doi:10.1111/gcb.14626
• Sadeghi, M., Ebtehaj, A., Crow, W. T., Gao, L., Purdy, A. J., Fisher, J. B., Jones, S. B., Babaeian, E., & Tuller, M. (2019). Global Estimates of Land Surface Water Fluxes from SMOS and SMAP Satellite Soil Moisture Data. JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-19-0150.1
• Sadeghi, M., Tuller, M., Warrick, A. W., Babaeian, E., Parajuli, K., Gohardoust, M. R., & Jones, S. B. (2019). An analytical model for estimation of land surface net water flux from near-surface soil moisture observations. JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY, 570, 26-37. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.038
• Tuller, M., Babaeian, E., Jones, S. B., Montzka, C., Vereecken, H., & Sadeghi, M. (2019). The Paramount Societal Impact of Soil Moisture. EOS 100. doi:10.1029/2019EO128569
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., Greve, M. H., Knadel, M., & de, J. (2018). Applicability of the Guggenheim-Anderson-Boer water vapour sorption model for estimation of soil specific surface area. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE, 69(2), 245-255.
• Babaeian, E., Sadeghi, M., Franz, T. E., Jones, S., & Tuller, M. (2018). Mapping soil moisture with the OPtical TRApezoid Model (OPTRAM) based on long-term MODIS observations. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 211, 425-440.
• Gholoubi, A., Emami, H., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2018). A Novel Shortwave Infrared Proximal Sensing Approach to Quantify the Water Stability of Soil Aggregates. SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL, 82(6), 1358-1366.
• Hu, E., Sutitarnnontr, P., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2018). Modeling Moisture and Temperature Dependent Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane from Drying Dairy Cow Manure. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, 5(2). doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2018215
• Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2018). Particle size effects on soil reflectance explained by an analytical radiative transfer model. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 210, 375-386.
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., Greve, M. H., Knadel, M., & de Jonge, L. W. (2017). Applicability of the Guggenheim–Anderson–Boer water vapour sorption model for estimation of soil specific surface area. European Journal of Soil Science. doi:10.1111/ejss.12524
• Gohardoust, M. R., Sadeghi, M., Ziatabar Ahmadi, M., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2017). Hydraulic Conductivity of Stratified Unsaturated Soils: Effects of Random Variability and Layering. Journal of Hydrology, 546, 81-89. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.055
• Karup, D., Moldrup, P., Tuller, M., Arthur, E., & de Jonge, L. W. (2017). Prediction of the soil water retention curve for structured soil from saturation to oven-dryness. European Journal of Soil Science, 68(1), 57-65. doi:doi: 10.1111/ejss.12401
• Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2017). High Resolution Shortwave Infrared Imaging of Water Infiltration into Dry Soil. Vadose Zone Journal, 16(13). doi:10.2136/vzj2017.09.0167
• Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2017). The optical trapezoid model: A novel approach to remote sensing of soil moisture applied to Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 observations. Remote Sensing of Environment, 198, 52-68. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2017.05.041
• Sadeghi, M., Tabatabaeenejad, A., Tuller, M., Moghaddam, M., & Jones, S. B. (2017). Advancing NASA’s AirMOSS P-Band Radar Root Zone Soil Moisture Retrieval Algorithm via Incorporation of Richards’ Equation. Remote Sensing, 9, 17. doi:10.3390/rs9010017
• Sheng, W., Zhou, R., Sadeghi, M., Robinson, D. A., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2017). A TDR Array Probe for Monitoring Near-surface Soil Moisture Distribution. Vadose Zone Journal.
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2016). Evaluation of Theoretical and Empirical Water Vapor Sorption Isotherm Models for Soils. Water Resour. Res., 52(1), 190-205. doi:10.1002/2015WR017681
• Naveed, M., Moldrup, P., Schaap, M. G., Tuller, M., Kulkarni, R., Vogel, H., & de Jonge, L. W. (2016). Prediction of biopore- and matrix-dominated flow from X-ray CT-derived macropore network characteristics. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4017-4030. doi:10.5194/hess-20-4017-2016
• Sadeghi, M., Ghahraman, B., Warrick, A. W., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2016). A Critical Evaluation of the Miller and Miller Similar Media Theory for Application to Natural Soils. Water Resour. Res., 52(5), 3829-3846. doi:10.1002/2015WR017929
• Zeng, W., Xu, C., Huang, J., Wu, J., & Tuller, M. (2016). Predicting Near-Surface Moisture Content of Saline Soils from Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectra with a Modified Gaussian Model. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J., 80, 1496-1506. doi:10.2136/sssaj2016.06.0188
• Arthur, E. A., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2015). Evaluation of theoretical and empirical water vapor sorption isotherm models for soils. Water Resources Research. doi:10.1002/2015WR017681
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2015). Effects of biochar and manure amendments on water vapor sorption in a sandy loam soil. Geoderma, 243-244, 175-182. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.01.001
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., Jensen, D. K., & de Jonge, L. W. (2015). Prediction of clay content from water vapour sorption isotherms considering hysteresis and soil organic matter content. European Journal of Soil Science, 66, 206-217. doi:10.1111/ejss.12191
• Jensen, D. K., Tuller, M., de Jonge, L. W., Arthur, E., & Moldrup, P. (2015). A New Two-Stage Approach to predicting the soil water characteristic from saturation to oven-dryness. Journal of Hydrology, 521, 498-507.
• Katuwal, S., Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2015). Quantification of Soil Pore Network Complexity with X-ray Computed Tomography and Gas Transport Measurements. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 79, 1577-1589. doi:10.2136/sssaj2015.06.0227
• Katuwal, S., Moldrup, P., Lamande, M., Tuller, M., & de Jonge, L. W. (2015). Effects of CT Number Derived Matrix Density on Preferential Flow and Transport in a Macroporous Agricultural Soil. Vadose Zone Journal, 14(7).
• Masis-Melendez, F., de Jonge, L. W., Deepagoda, T. K., Tuller, M., & Moldrup, P. (2015). Effects of Soil Bulk Density on Gas Transport Parameters and Pore-Network Properties across a Sandy Field Site. Vadose Zone Journal, 14(7).
• Pangle, L. A., Delong, S. B., Abramson, N., Adams, J., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Breshears, D. D., Brooks, P. D., Chorover, J. D., Dietrich, W. E., Dontsova, K. M., Durcik, M., Espleta, J., Ferre, P. A., Ferriere, R. H., Henderson, W., Hunt, E. A., Huxman, T. E., Millar, D., Murphy, B., , Niu, G., et al. (2015). The Landscape Evolution Observatory: A large-scale controllable infrastructure to study Earth-surface processes.. Geomorphology, 244, 190-203. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.020
• Pangle, L., Pangle, L., DeLong, S., DeLong, S., Abramson, N., Abramson, N., Adams, J., Adams, J., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Breshears, D. D., Breshears, D. D., Brooks, P. D., Brooks, P. D., Chorover, J. D., Chorover, J. D., Dietrich, W. E., Dietrich, W. E., Dontsova, K. M., , Dontsova, K. M., et al. (2015). The Landscape Evolution Observatory: A large-scale controllable infrastructure to study coupled Earth-surface processes. Geomorphology.
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• Sadeghi, M., Tuller, M., Gohardoust, M. R., & Jones, S. B. (2015). Reply to comments on "Column-scale unsaturated hydraulic conductivity estimates in coarse-textured homogeneous and layered soils derived under steady-state evaporation from a water table" [J. Hydrol. 519 (2014), 1238-1248]. Journal of Hydrology.
• Soares, A., Moldrup, P., Vendelboe, A. L., Katuwal, S., Norgaard, T., Delerue-Matos, C., Tuller, M., & de Jonge, L. W. (2015). Effects of Soil Compaction and Organic Carbon Content on Preferential Flow in Loamy Field Soils. Soil Science, 180(1), 10-20.
• Arthur, E., Schjonning, P., Moldrup, P., Razzaghi, F., Tuller, M., & De Jonge, L. W. (2014). Soil structure and microbial activity dynamics in 20-month field-incubated organic-amended soils. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE, 65(2), 218-230.
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  Soil structure formation is essential to all soil ecosystem functions and services. This study aims to quantify changes in soil structure and microbial activity during and after field incubation and examine the effect of carbon, organic amendment and clay on aggregate characteristics. Five soils dominated by illites, one kaolinitic soil and one smectitic soil were sieved to 2 mm, and each soil was divided into two parts and one part amended with ground rape shoots (7.5 t ha(-1)) as an organic amendment. Samples were incubated in the field for 20 months with periodic sampling to measure water-dispersible clay (WDC) and fluorescein diacetate activity (FDA). After incubation, WDC and FDA were measured on air-dried 1-2-mm aggregates. Tensile strength was measured on four aggregate classes (1-2, 1-4, 4-8 and 8-16 mm) and results used to assess soil friability and workability. Intact cores were also sampled to determine compressive strength. During incubation, the amount of WDC depended on soil carbon content while the trends correlated with moisture content. Organic amendment only yielded modest decreases (mean of 14% across all sampling times and soils) in WDC, but it was sufficient to stimulate the microbial community (65-100% increase in FDA). Incubation led to significant macroaggregate formation (>2 mm) for all soils. Friability and strength of newly-formed aggregates were negatively correlated with clay content and carbon content, respectively. Soil workability was best for the kaolinite-rich soil and poorest for the smectite-rich soil; for illitic soils, workability increased with increasing organic carbon content. Organic amendment decreased the compression susceptibility of intact, incubated samples at smaller stress values (
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2014). Evaluation of a Fully Automated Analyzer for Rapid Measurement of Water Vapor Sorption Isotherms for Applications in Soil Science. SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL, 78(3), 754-760.
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  The characterization and description of important soil processes such as water vapor transport, volatilization of pesticides, and hysteresis require accurate means for measuring the soil water characteristic (SWC) at low water potentials. Until recently, measurement of the SWC at low water potentials was constrained by hydraulic decoupling and long equilibration times when pressure plates or single-point, chilled-mirror instruments were used. A new, fully automated vapor sorption analyzer (VSA) helps to overcome these challenges and allows faster measurement of highly detailed water vapor sorption isotherms. In this technical note we present a comprehensive evaluation of the VSA instrument for a wide range of differently textured soils and discuss optimal measurement settings. The effects of operation mode, air-flow rate, sample pretreatment, test temperature, sample mass, and mass trigger point on resultant sorption isotherms were evaluated for a relative humidity (RH) range from 0.10 to 0.90. Both adsorption and desorption branches were measured for all soils within a reasonable time period (10-50 h). Sample masses larger than 3.5 g resulted in incomplete adsorption and desorption, while oven-dry (105 degrees C) samples of coarse-textured soils exhibited water repellency characteristics. The required measurement times were strongly correlated with clay content and influenced by high organic carbon content.
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2014). Rapid and Fully Automated Measurement of Water Vapor Sorption Isotherms: New Opportunities for Vadose Zone Research. VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL, 13(1).
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  Eminent environmental challenges such as remediation of contaminated sites, the establishment and maintenance of nuclear waste repositories, or the design of surface landfill covers all require accurate quantification of the soil water characteristic (SWC) at low water contents. Furthermore, several essential but difficult-to-measure soil properties, including clay content and specific surface area, are intimately related to water vapor sorption. Until recently, it was a major challenge to measure detailed water vapor sorption isotherms accurately within a reasonable time frame. This priority communication illustrates potential applications of a new, fully automated, and rapid Vapor Sorption Analyzer (VSA) to pertinent issues in vadose zone research. Detailed vapor sorption isotherms for 25 variably textured soils were measured with the VSA within 1 to 3 d. Links between generated isotherms and pesticide volatilization, toxic organic vapor sorption kinetics, and soil water repellency are illustrated. Several methods to quantify hysteresis effects and to derive soil clay content and specific surface area from VSA-measured isotherms are presented. Besides above mentioned applications, potential relationships to percolation threshold for solute diffusion in unsaturated soil and to soil cation exchange capacity are discussed to stimulate new and much-needed vadose zone research.
• Deepagoda, T. K., Jones, S. B., Tuller, M., de Jonge, L. W., Kawamoto, K., Komatsu, T., & Moldrup, P. (2014). Modeling gravity effects on water retention and gas transport characteristics in plant growth substrates. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH, 54(4), 797-808.
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  Growing plants to facilitate life in outer space, for example on the International Space Station (ISS) or at planned deep-space human outposts on the Moon or Mars, has received much attention with regard to NASA's advanced life support system research. With the objective of in situ resource utilization to conserve energy and to limit transport costs, native materials mined on Moon or Mars are of primary interest for plant growth media in a future outpost, while terrestrial porous substrates with optimal growth media characteristics will be useful for onboard plant growth during space missions. Due to limited experimental opportunities and prohibitive costs, liquid and gas behavior in porous substrates under reduced gravity conditions has been less studied and hence remains poorly understood. Based on ground-based measurements, this study examined water retention, oxygen diffusivity and air permeability characteristics of six plant growth substrates for potential applications in space, including two terrestrial analogs for lunar and Martian soils and four particulate substrates widely used in reduced gravity experiments. To simulate reduced gravity water characteristics, the predictions for ground-based measurements (1 - g) were scaled to two reduced gravity conditions, Martian gravity (0.38 - g) and lunar gravity (0.16 - g), following the observations in previous reduced gravity studies. We described the observed gas diffusivity with a recently developed model combined with a new approach that estimates the gas percolation threshold based on the pore size distribution. The model successfully captured measured data for all investigated media and demonstrated the implications of the poorly-understood shift in gas percolation threshold with improved gas percolation in reduced gravity. Finally, using a substrate-structure parameter related to the gaseous phase, we adequately described the air permeability under reduced gravity conditions. (C) 2014 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Hu, E., Babcock, E. L., Bialkowski, S. E., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2014). Methods and Techniques for Measuring Gas Emissions from Agricultural and Animal Feeding Operations. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 44(3), 200-219.
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  Emissions of gases from agricultural and animal feeding operations contribute to climate change, produce odors, degrade sensitive ecosystems, and pose a threat to public health. The complexity of processes and environmental variables affecting these emissions complicate accurate and reliable quantification of gas fluxes and production rates. Although a plethora of measurement technologies exist, each method has its limitations that exacerbate accurate quantification of gas fluxes. Despite a growing interest in gas emission measurements, only a few available technologies include real-time, continuous monitoring capabilities. Commonly applied state-of-the-art measurement frameworks and technologies were critically examined and discussed, and recommendations for future research to address real-time monitoring requirements for forthcoming regulation and management needs are provided.
• Leao, T. P., & Tuller, M. (2014). Relating soil specific surface area, water film thickness, and water vapor adsorption. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, 50(10), 7873-7885.
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  Estimation of soil specific surface area (SSA) and dry-end water vapor adsorption are important for porous media characterization and for prediction of water and vapor fluxes in arid environments. The objective of the presented study was to model water adsorption, film thickness, and SSA based on the t-curve theory originally developed for N-2 adsorption. Data from 21 source soils with clay contents ranging from 0.6 to 52.2% were used to estimate specific surface area based on water retention, a t-curve type method, the linear prediction method, and a simplified monolayer method. The water retention and the t-curve methods were found to be mathematically analogous and were among the most accurate with regard to correlation coefficient (r=0.97) and root-mean-square error (RMSE=11.36 x 10(3) m(2)/kg) when compared to measurements obtained with the standard ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) method. The corrected t-curve method significantly overestimated SSA when compared to EGME data. Comparison of all considered methods with N-2-BET (BET) measurements disclosed lower correlation coefficients. For soil studies, the vapor adsorption in conjunction with the t-curve or water retention methods should be preferred for SSA estimation as they show much higher correlation with soil clay content and EGME measurements.
• Masis-Melendez, F., Deepagoda, T. K., de Jonge, L. W., Tuller, M., & Moldrup, P. (2014). Gas diffusion-derived tortuosity governs saturated hydraulic conductivity in sandy soils. JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY, 512, 388-396.
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  The saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat) is an essential effective parameter for the development of improved distributed hydrological models and area-differentiated risk assessment of chemical leaching. Basic soil properties such as the particle size distribution or, more recently, air permeability are commonly used to estimate Ksat. Conversely, links to soil gas diffusivity (DPDo) have not been fully explored even though gas diffusivity is intimately linked to the connectivity and tortuosity of the soil pore network. Based on measurements for a coarse sandy soil, potential relationships between K-sat and D-p/D-o were investigated. A total of 84 undisturbed soil cores were extracted from the topsoil of a field site, and D-P/D-o and K-sat were measured in the laboratory. Water-induced and solids-induced tortuosity factors were obtained by applying a two-parameter D-P/D-o model to measured data, and subsequently linked to the cementation exponent of the well-established Revil and Cathles predictive model for saturated hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, a two-parameter model, analogue to the Kozeny-Carman equation, was developed for the K-sat - D-p/D-o, relationship. All analyses implied strong and fundamental relationships between K-sat and D-p/D-o. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• Naveed, M., Arthur, E., de Jonge, L. W., Tuller, M., & Moldrup, P. (2014). Pore Structure of Natural and Regenerated Soil Aggregates: An X-Ray Computed Tomography Analysis. SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL, 78(2), 377-386.
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  Quantitative characterization of aggregate pore structure can reveal the evolution of aggregates under different land use and management practices and their effects on soil processes and functions. Advances in X-ray computed tomography (CT) provide powerful means to conduct such characterization. This study examined aggregate pore structure of three differently managed same textured Danish soils (mixed forage cropping, MFC; mixed cash cropping, MCC; cereal cash cropping, CCC) for (i) natural aggregates, and (ii) aggregates regenerated after 20 mo of incubation. In total, 27 aggregates (8-16 mm) were sampled from nine different treatments; three natural soils and three repacked lysimeters without and three with organic matter (OM; ground rape) amendment. Three dimensional X-ray CT images, tensile strength, and organic carbon (OC) were obtained for each aggregate. Aggregate-associated OC differed significantly between the three soils as 2.1, 1.4, and 1.0% for MFC, MCC, and CCC, respectively. Aggregate porosity and pore connectivity were significantly higher for CCC aggregates than for MFC and MCC aggregates. The CCC aggregates had an average pore diameter of 300 mm, whereas MFC and MCC had an average pore diameter of 200 and 170 mm, respectively. Pore shape analysis indicated that CCC and MFC aggregates had an abundance of rounded and elongated pores, respectively, and those of MCC were in-between CCC and MFC. Aggregate pore structure development in the lysimeters was nearly similar irrespective of the soil type and organic matter amendment, and was vastly different from the state of natural aggregates. Aggregate porosity (> 30 mm) was observed to be a good predictor for the mechanical properties of aggregates. In general natural aggregates were stronger than lysimeter aggregates.
• Naveed, M., Moldrup, P., Arthur, E., Holmstrup, M., Nicolaisen, M., Tuller, M., Herath, L., Hamamoto, S., Kawamoto, K., Komatsu, T., Vogel, H., & de Jonge, L. W. (2014). Simultaneous Loss of Soil Biodiversity and Functions along a Copper Contamination Gradient: When Soil Goes to Sleep. SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL, 78(4), 1239-1250.
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  The impact of biodiversity loss on soil functions is well established via laboratory experiments that generally consider soil biota groups in isolation from each other, a condition rarely present in field soils. As a result, our knowledge about anthropogenic-induced changes in biodiversity and associated soil functions is limited. We quantified an array of soil biological constituents (plants, earthworms, nematodes, bacteria, and fungi) to explore their interactions and to characterize their influence on various soil functions (habitat for soil organisms, air and water regulation, and recycling of nutrients and organic waste) along a legacy Cu pollution gradient. Increasing Cu concentrations had a detrimental impact on both plant growth and species richness. Belowground soil biota showed similar responses, with their sensitivity to elevated Cu concentrations decreasing in the order: earthworms > bacteria > nematodes > fungi. The observed loss of soil biota adversely affected natural soil bioturbation, aggregate formation and stabilization, and decomposition and mineralization processes and therefore resulted in compacted soil with narrow pore size distributions and overall smaller pores, restricted air and water storage and flow, and impeded C, N, and P cycling. The simultaneous evolution of soil biodiversity and functions along the Cu gradient emphasized the key role of soil life in controlling ecosystem services. Furthermore, results indicated that different soil biodiversity and functional indicators started to decline (10% loss) within a Cu concentration range of 110 to 800 mg total Cu kg(-1).
• Naveed, M., Moldrup, P., Vogel, H., Lamande, M., Wildenschild, D., Tuller, M., & de Jonge, L. W. (2014). Impact of long-term fertilization practice on soil structure evolution. GEODERMA, 217, 181-189.
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  The study characterized soil structure development and evolution in six plots that were amended with varying amounts of animal manure (AM) and NPK fertilizer over a period of 106 years in a long-term fertilization experiment in Bad Lauchstadt, Germany. Two intact soil cores (10-cm diameter and 8-cm tall) and bulk soil samples were extracted from a depth between 5 and 15-cm from each plot. Soil properties including texture, organic carbon, soil-water characteristic, air permeability and diffusivity were measured and analyzed along with X-ray computed tomography (CT) data. Long-term applications of AM and NPK had a major impact on soil organic carbon content which increased from 0.015 kg kg(-1) (unfertilized plot) to 0.024 kg kg(-1) (well fertilized plot, 30 T ha(-1) 2y(-1) AM with NPK). Total porosity linearly followed the organic carbon gradient, increasing from 0.36 to 0.43 m(3) m(-3). The water holding capacity of the soil was considerably increased with the increase of AM and NPK applications. Gas diffusivity and air permeability measurements clearly indicated that the level of soil aeration improved with increasing AM and NPK fertilizer amount. The three-dimensional X-ray CT visualizations revealed higher macroporosity and biological (earthworm) activity in the well fertilized areas when compared to plots without or only a small amount of fertilizer applied. A combined evaluation of the soil water characteristic, gas transport and X-ray CT results suggested that pore size distributions widened, and pore connectivity was significantly improved with increasing fertilizer amount. Furthermore, the soils fertilized with both AM and NPK showed a more aggregated structure than soils amended with AM only. (C) 2013 Elsevier BM All rights reserved.
• Pangle, L., DeLong, S., Abramson, N., Adams, J., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Breshears, D. D., Brooks, P. D., Chorover, J. D., Dietrich, W. E., Dontsova, K. M., Durcik, M., Espeleta, J., Ferre, P. A., Ferriere, R. H., Henderson, W., Hunt, E., Huxman, T. E., Millar, D., Murphy, B., , Niu, Y., et al. (2015). The Landscape Evolution Observatory: A large-scale controllable infrastructure to study coupled Earth-surface processes. Geomorphology.
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• Robinson, D. A., Fraser, I., Dominati, E. J., Davidsdottir, B., Jonsson, J. O., Jones, L., Jones, S. B., Tuller, M., Lebron, I., Bristow, K. L., Souza, D. M., Banwart, S., & Clothier, B. E. (2014). On the Value of Soil Resources in the Context of Natural Capital and Ecosystem Service Delivery. SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL, 78(3), 685-700.
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  The ecosystem services approach endeavors to incorporate the economic value of ecosystems into decision making. This is because many natural resources are subject to market failure. As a result, many economic decisions omit the impact that natural resource use has on the earth's resources and the life support system it provides. Hence, one of the objectives of the ecosystem services approach is to employ economic valuation of natural resources in micro-and macroeconomic policy design, implementation, and evaluation. In this article we examine valuation concepts, and ask why we might attempt to economically value the contribution of soils to the provision of ecosystem services. We go on to examine economic valuation methods and review economic valuation of soils. By surveying prices of soils on the web we are able to make a first, limited global assessment of direct market value of topsoil prices. We then consider other research efforts to value soil. Finally, we consider how the valuation of soil can meaningfully be used in the introduction of improved resource management mechanisms such as decision support tools on which valuation can be based, within the UN's System of Environmental and Economic Accounts (SEEA) and policy mechanisms like Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES).
• Sadeghi, M., Tuller, M., Gohardoust, M. R., & Jones, S. B. (2014). Column-Scale Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity Estimates in Coarse-Textured Homogeneous and Layered Soils Derived under Steady-State Evaporation from a Water Table. JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY, 519(PART A), 1238-1248.
• Sutitarnnontr, P., Hu, E., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2014). Physical and Thermal Characteristics of Dairy Cattle Manure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, 43(6), 2115-2129.
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  Greenhouse and regulated gas emissions from animal waste are naturally mediated by moisture content and temperature. As with soils, emissions from manure could be readily estimated given the physical, hydraulic, and thermal properties are described by models and microbes and nutrients are not limiting factors. The objectives of this study were to measure and model physical, hydraulic, and thermal properties of dairy manure to support advanced modeling of gas and water fluxes in addition to solute, colloid, and heat transport. A series of soil science measurement techniques were applied to determine a set of fundamental properties of as-excreted dairy cattle manure. Relationships between manure dielectric permittivity and volumetric water content (theta(v)) were obtained using time-domain reflectometry and capacitance-based dielectric measurements. The measured water retention characteristic for cattle manure was similar to organic peat soil. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function of dairy manure was inferred from inverse numerical fitting of laboratory manure evaporation results. The thermal properties of dairy manure, including thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and bulk volumetric heat capacity, were also determined using three penta-needle heat pulse probes. The accuracy of the heat capacity measurements was determined from a comparison of theoretical theta(v), estimated from the measured thermal properties with that determined by the capacitance-based dielectric measurement. These data represent a novel and unique contribution for advancing prediction and modeling capabilities of gas emissions from cattle manure, although the uncertainties associated with the complexities of shrinkage, surface crust formation, and cracking must also be considered.
• Arthur, E., Moldrup, P., Schjonning, P., Razzaghi, F., Tuller, M., & de Jonge, L. W. (2014). Soil Structure Regeneration and Microbial Activity in 20-Month Field-Incubated Organic-Amended Soils of Varying Clay Mineralogy. European Journal of Soil Science, 65(2).
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  doi: 10.1111/ejss.12121
• Arthur, E., Schjonning, P., Moldrup, P., Tuller, M., & de Jonge, L. W. (2013). Density and Permeability of a Loess Soil: Long-Term Organic Matter Effect and the Response to Compressive Stress. Geoderma, 193-194, 236-245.
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  doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.09.001
• Arthur, E., Schjønning, P., Moldrup, P., Tuller, M., & Jonge, L. d. (2013). Density and permeability of a loess soil: Long-term organic matter effect and the response to compressive stress. Geoderma, 193-194, 236-245.
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  Abstract: Long-term field trials provide an ideal means to assess effects of cultivation practises (e.g., fertilisation, tillage, crop rotation etc.) on soil physical properties and soil fertility. To build upon the knowledge of the role of organic carbon (OC) and other soil properties on soil response to compressive stress, undisturbed soil cores were collected from a long-term fertilisation experiment in Bad Lauchstädt in Germany, including combinations of animal manure and mineral fertilisers. The cores were drained to -100hPa matric potential and exposed to uniaxial confined compression (200kPa). Investigated indicators for compression response included compression index, precompression stress, and resistance and resilience indices based on measured soil physical properties (air permeability, and void ratio). Soil resilience was assessed following exposure of compacted cores to freeze-thaw (FT) and wet-dry (WD) cycles. The OC content increased with increased fertilisation and resulted in decreased initial bulk density, higher air-filled and total porosities, and increased organisation of the pore space. Soil resistance decreased with increasing OC content but the correlation was not significant. However, initial bulk density (ρbi) and initial gravimetric water content (wi) were significantly positively correlated to the indices of soil compression resistance, with the effect of ρbi being significantly stronger. Significant recovery of air-filled void ratio and air permeability was observed following exposure to FT and WD cycles, with the latter cycle showing higher recovery levels. The OC and ρbi significantly influenced the magnitude of recovery following FT cycles, with ρbi showing contrasting trends on void ratio after both WD and FT cycles. It was concluded that the main drivers influencing soil response to compressive stress are ρbi and wi. No direct influence of OC was observed, rather the indirect effect of OC was seen through lower ρbi and greater wi associated with higher OC levels. Further studies are required to differentiate the relative effects of OC, ρbi and wi for variably-textured soils. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M. -., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2014). Rapid and Fully Automated Measurement of Water Vapor Sorption Isotherms: New Opportunities for Vadose Zone Research. Vadose Zone Journal, 1(13).
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  doi:10.2136/vzj2013.10.0185
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., Resurreccion, A. C., Meding, M. S., Kawamoto, K., Komatsu, T., & Wollesen, L. (2013). Soil specific surface area and non-singularity of soil-water retention at low saturations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 77(1), 43-53.
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  Abstract: The dry end of the soil water characteristic (SWC) is important for modeling vapor flow dynamics and predicting soil properties such as specific surface area (SSA) and clay content (CL). Verification of new instrumentation for rapid measurement of the dry end of the SWC is relevant to avoid long equilibration times and potential for hydraulic decoupling. The objectives of this study were to measure both adsorption and desorption branches of the dry end of the SWC for 21 variably-textured Arizona soils using new, fully automated instrumentation (AquaSorp); apply the data to parameterize the Tuller and Or (TO) and new single-parameter non-singularity (SPN) models; and evaluate estimates of SSA from water sorption, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME), and N2-BET methods. The AquaSorp successfully measured water sorption isotherms (̃140 data points) within a reasonably short time (1-3 d). The SPN model well described the distinct non-singularity between the adsorption and desorption branches, while the TO model captured the adsorption data reasonably well (
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., Resurreccion, A., Meding, M., Kawamoto, K., Komatsu, T., & de Jonge, L. W. (2013). Soil Specific Surface Area and Non-Singularity of Soil-Water Retention at Low Saturations. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J, 77(1), 43-53.
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  doi:10.2136/sssaj2012.0262
• Chamindu Deepagoda, T. K., Chen Lopez, J. C., Moldrup, P., de Jonge, L. W., & Tuller, M. -. (2013). Integral Parameters for Characterizing Water, Energy, and Aeration Properties of Soilless Plant Growth Media. Journal of Hydrology, 502, 120-127.
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  doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.08.031
• Chamindu Deepagoda, T. K., Tuller, M. -., Moldrup, P., Pedersen, M., Chen Lopez, J. C., de Jonge, L. W., Kawamoto, K., & Komatsu, T. (2013). Design and Characterization of Greenhouse Growth Substrates Based on Gas Diffusivity. Vadose Zone Journal, 3(12).
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  doi:10.2136/vzj2013.03.0061
• Deepagoda, T. C., Choc, J., Møldrup, P., Wollesen, L., & Tuller, M. (2013). Integral parameters for characterizing water, energy, and aeration properties of soilless plant growth media. Journal of Hydrology, 502, 120-127.
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  Abstract: Over the last decade there has been a significant shift in global agricultural practice. Because the rapid increase of human population poses unprecedented challenges to production of an adequate and economically feasible food supply for undernourished populations, soilless greenhouse production systems are regaining increased worldwide attention. The optimal control of water availability and aeration is an essential prerequisite to successfully operate plant growth systems with soilless substrates such as aggregated foamed glass, perlite, rockwool, coconut coir, or mixtures thereof. While there are considerable empirical and theoretical efforts devoted to characterize water retention and aeration substrate properties, a holistic, physically-based approach considering water retention and aeration concurrently is lacking. In this study, the previously developed concept of integral water storage and energy was expanded to dual-porosity substrates and an analog integral oxygen diffusivity parameter was introduced to simultaneously characterize aeration properties of four common soilless greenhouse growth media. Integral parameters were derived for greenhouse crops in general, as well as for tomatoes. The integral approach provided important insights for irrigation management and for potential optimization of substrate properties. Furthermore, an observed relationship between the integral parameters for water availability and oxygen diffusivity can be potentially applied for the design of advanced irrigation and management strategies to ensure stress-free growth conditions, while conserving water resources. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
• Deepagoda, T. C., Moldrup, P., Tuller, M., Pedersen, M., Choc, J., Wollesen, L., Kawamoto, K., & Komatsu, T. (2013). Gas diffusivity-based design and characterization of greenhouse growth substrates. Vadose Zone Journal, 12(3).
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  Abstract: Five potential growth media and two mixtures thereof were characterized on the basis of soil gas diffusivity and critical window of diffusivity. A modeling approach to account for inactive pore space and gas percolation threshold both in inter aggregate and intra-aggregate regions was presented. A simple gas diffusivity mixing model was also discussed. Growing plants in containerized substrates has long been common practice in horticulture. Containerized plants (e.g., greenhouse tomatoes) have restricted access to essential growth resources such as oxygen, water, and nutrients. Since a wide range of inorganic and organic materials, and different combinations thereof, are commonly used as growth media, detailed and comparable physical characterization is key to identify the best performing media. In this study, five potential growth media and two mixtures thereof were characterized based on soil gas diffusivity (Dp/Dpo, where Dp and Do are gas diffusion coefficients in soil air and free air, respectively) and an operationally defined critical window of diffusivity (CWD) representing the interval of air-filled porosity between critical air filled porosity where Dp/Dpo ≈ 0.02 and interaggregate porosity. The Dp measurements were conducted with 100-cm3 samples from wet to complete dry conditions achieved by stepwise air drying and equilibration of initially water-saturated samples. A previously developed inactive pore and density-corrected (IPDC) model was able to describe gas diffusivities for media with distinct inactive pore space in the interaggregate pore region reasonably well. An extended IPDC model was introduced for media exhibiting a second percolation threshold in the intra-aggregate pore region. The analysis revealed comparable CWD values for the majority of the investigated media. The results further highlighted the importance of other major aspects (physical, chemical, and biological) of growth media characterization for optimal growth media design. A simple approach toward designing a gas diffusivity mixing model is presented to assist with selection of optimal mixing ratios of growth media with markedly different Dp/Do behavior. © Soil Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA. All rights reserved.
• Naveed, M., Moldrup, P., Vogel, H., Lamande, M., Wildenschild, D., Tuller, M. -., & de Jonge, L. W. (2014). Impact of Long-Term Fertilization Practice on Soil Structure Evolution. Geoderma, 217-218, 181-189.
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  doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.12.001
• Nearing, G. S., Tuller, M., Jones, S. B., Heinse, R., & Meding, M. S. (2013). Electromagnetic induction for mapping textural contrasts of mine tailing deposits. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 89, 11-20.
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  Abstract: Mine tailings present an important legacy of past and present ore-extraction activities in the Desert Southwest. Inactive mine tailings have no immediate economic role in current mining operations, yet from an environmental point of view it is important that such deposits are stabilized to prevent mass movement, wind or water erosion, leaching of chemicals such as acid mine drainage, and to reduce visual blight. In the presented study, we assess the potential for inferring textural properties of mine tailing deposits with electromagnetic induction (EMI) mapping as a means of informing efforts to establish vegetation at mine waste sites. EMI measurements of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and tailing samples were collected at a mine waste site in Southern Arizona, USA and used to test empirical and theoretical relationships between ECa and physical and mineralogical properties using linear and Gaussian process regression. Sensitivity analyses of a semi-theoretical and a regression model of ECa as a function of tailing properties indicated that volumetric clay fraction in the top 60cm was a primary influence on bulk electrical conductivity along with water content, conductivity of the soil water and the presence of conductive minerals hematite and pyrite. At this site, latitude and longitude were better predictors of clay content than ECa, and while it was possible to obtain information about the spatial distribution of tailing texture using EMI, simple Kriging of texture data was a more powerful textural mapping technique. We conclude that EMI is a useful tool for mapping tailing texture at waste deposit sites, but due to physical and chemical heterogeneity of tailing deposits, it is necessary to collect more in situ samples than are needed for agricultural applications. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
• Nearing, G., Tuller, M., Jones, S. B., Heinse, R., & Meding, M. S. (2013). Electromagnetic Induction for Mapping Textural Contrasts of Mine Tailing Deposits. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 89, 11-20.
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  doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2012.11.005
• Sutitarnnontr, P., Enzhu, H. u., Miller, R., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2013). Measurement accuracy of a multiplexed portable FTIR - Surface chamber system for estimating gas emissions. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2013, 6, 4634-4645.
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  Abstract: Reliable and accurate monitoring systems for greenhouse gas emissions from animal feeding operations (AFOs) are crucial for establishment and enforcement of gas emission mitigation strategies. An automated multiplexing system for chamber-based monitoring of greenhouse and regulated gas emissions from manure sources was developed to examine spatial and temporal variability of emissions associated with manure management practices. The measurement system uses a Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyzer for determination of up to 15 pre-programmed gas fluxes. Multiple chambers provide estimates of variance for emissions from different management practices. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the robustness and reliability of the described system for monitoring gas emissions from AFOs. Evaluation of system performance was based on laboratory experiments using methane gas (CH4) to assess the accuracy of the chamber-based measurement system. We developed a method to generate constant emission of methane gas using a gradient-based technique for the reference gas flux. Three different emission rates were simulated. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA, was performed to determine the significance of gas flux estimates using the chamber-based estimate. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The ANOVA tests indicated no statistically significant differences among estimated fluxes from each of the 12 evaluated chambers, with resulting p-values of 0.54, 0.58, and 0.80 for measurements of three different emission rates. In addition, the multi-chamber system measurements referenced to the gas fluxes estimated with the gradient-based method showed excellent accuracy with measurement biases less than 1%.
• Vaz, C. M., Jones, S. B., Meding, M. S., & Tuller, M. -. (2013). Evaluation of Standard Calibration Functions for Eight Electromagnetic Soil Moisture Sensors. Vadose Zone Journal, 2(12).
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  doi:10.2136/vzj2012.0160
• Vaz, C. M., Jones, S., Meding, M., & Tuller, M. (2013). Evaluation of standard calibration functions for eight electromagnetic soil moisture sensors. Vadose Zone Journal, 12(2).
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  Abstract: Eight commercially available electro-magnetc water content sensors were evaluated in seven well-characterized soils ranging from sand to clay textures, including an organic soil. Factory supplied calibrations were compared and sensor response to soil properties demonstrated. Soil-specific calibrations yielded measurement accuracies from 0.015 to 0.025. An increasing number of electromagnetc (EM) sensors are deployed to measure volumetric soil water content (q) for agricultural, ecological, and geotechnical applications. While impedance and capacitance sensors generally operate at frequencies between 20-300 MHz, time domain-refectometry (TDR) and-transmissometry (TDT) function in the GHz range. In general, lower frequency sensors are less expensive but more sensitive to confounding effects of salinity, temperature, and soil textural variations. To simplify sensor application, factory-supplied calibrations are often provided for different porous media types such as mineral, organic, and saline soils, or soilless-substrates. The objective of the presented study was to evaluate the performance of eight commercially available EM moisture sensing systems (TDR 100, CS616, Theta Probe, Hydra Probe, SM300, Wet2, 5TE, 10HS) in seven well-characterized and texturally varying soils using a standardized approach. The validity of factory supplied-calibraton relatonships was evaluated and the influence of soil properties on the EM responses for q measurements was observed. Results indicate that the factory-supplied calibraton relatonships for groups of mineral and organic soils in general performed well, but some inconsistences were identified and suggestions for improvement are discussed. Soil-specific calibrations from this study yielded accuracies of around 0.015 m3m-3 for 10HS, SM300, and Theta Probe, while lower accuracies of about 0.025 m3 m-3 were found for TDR100, CS616, Wet2, 5TE, and the Hydra Probe. These results are based on mineral soils having a large variaton in texture, electrical conductvites below 2 dS m-1, organic mater below 10%, and specific surface areas of less than 50 m2 g-1. © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA. All rights reserved.
• Jones, S. B., Dani, O. r., Heinse, R., & Tuller, M. (2012). Beyond earth: Designing root zone environments for reduced gravity conditions. Vadose Zone Journal, 11(1).
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  Abstract: Fluid management in plant root zones is critical for long duration space missions including lunar- or Martian-based missions, but key aspects of design and delivery of fluids under these conditions are poorly understood due to limited experimental opportunities. We review theoretical and experimental concepts for advancing understanding of fluidporous media interactions to improve design and management of plant-based life support systems for reduced gravity environments. In situ utilization of native lunar and Martian granular materials for plant-growth media requires reliable haracterization of media physical and hydraulic properties and processes. A key aspect is the enhanced effects of capillarity in reduced gravity resulting in an array of micro- and macroscale changes in fluid phase organization relative to conditions on Earth that may affect mass fluxes to plant roots and potentially result in excess water and hypoxia. Increasing the medium particle diameter above 1 mm and narrowing the distribution of particles, and thus pore sizes, may counter reduced gravity effects. Approaches used in previous microgravity systems involving sensor-based active water management assuming prescribed optimal set points (i.e., water potential) may fail in reduced gravity due to dynamic pore space alterations arising from air- or liquid-phase entrapment and root growth in a restricted volume that may alter the porous medium characteristics on which water management is oft en based. For example, about a 10% reduction in volumetric pore space was observed following rice (Oryza sativa L.) root growth, which could change a well-aerated root zone into an anoxic environment if not accounted for. Numerical modeling of plant transpiration and irrigation using volumetrically controlled water content under different gravity environments revealed similar hydraulic responses in fine-textured porous media typically unsuitable for plant growth in greenhouses. Volumetric water content-based management of plant root environments appears to be a safer approach than other methods discussed here. © Soil Science Society of America, All rights reserved.
• Jonge, L. d., Moldrup, P., Vendelboe, A. L., Tuller, M., & Wildenschild, D. (2012). Soil architecture and physicochemical functions: An introduction. Vadose Zone Journal, 11(1).
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  Abstract: Soils function as Earth's life support system, a thin layer full of life covering most of the terrestrial surfaces. Soils form the foundation of society. Norman Borlaug stated in his Nobel laureate lecture that "the first essential component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind." If we are to provide this component while sustaining environmental quality in the midst of a growing population and rapidly diminishing resources, it is imperative to study and obtain a deeper level of understanding of soil functions using state-of-the-art technologies as well as provide the next generation of environmentalists, soil scientists, and environmental engineers with the best education possible. The 16 papers in this special section on soil architecture and physicochemical functions in the Vadose Zone Journal contribute to these goals by improving and linking measurement, visualization, and modeling of soil structure (architecture) and physical, chemical, and biological processes in different porous media systems and at different scales. Several studies in this special section also outline and discuss emerging and exciting interdisciplinary challenges for the rapidly growing vadose zone research community, including the need for enhanced public awareness of the soil's essential life-support functions, putting value on soil ecosystem services ("capital of soil"), and design of optimal soil-based growth media for long-term missions in space. © Soil Science Society of America, All rights reserved.
• Robinson, D. A., Hockley, N., Dominati, E., Lebron, I., Scow, K. M., Reynolds, B., Emmett, B. A., Keith, A. M., Jonge, L. d., Schjønning, P., Moldrup, P., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2012). Natural capital, ecosystem services, and soil change: Why soil science must embrace an ecosystems approach. Vadose Zone Journal, 11(1).
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  Abstract: Soil is part of the Earth's life support system, but how should we convey the value of this and of soil as a resource? Consideration of the ecosystem services and natural capital of soils offers a framework going beyond performance indicators of soil health and quality, and recognizes the broad value that soil contributes to human wellbeing. This approach provides links and synergies between soil science and other disciplines such as ecology, hydrology, and economics, recognizing the importance of soils alongside other natural resources in sustaining the functioning of the Earth system. We articulate why an ecosystems approach is important for soil science in the context of natural capital, ecosystem services, and soil change. Soil change is defined as change on anthropogenic time scales and is an important way of conveying dynamic changes occurring in soils that are relevant to current political decision-making time scales. We identify four important areas of research: (i) framework development; (ii) quantifying the soil resource, stocks, fluxes, transformations, and identi- fying indicators; (iii) valuing the soil resource for its ecosystem services; and (iv) developing decision-support tools. Furthermore, we propose contributions that soil science can make to address these research challenges. © Soil Science Society of America, All rights reserved.
• Sutitarnnontr, P., Miller, R., Bialkowski, S., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2012). A multiplexing system for monitoring greenhouse and regulated gas emissions from manure sources using a portable FTIR gas analyzer. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2012, 4, 2782-2788.
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  Abstract: Gas emissions from animal feeding operations (AFOs) degrade air quality and are threats to public health. Animal manure is a significant emission source, which is highly dependent on temperature and moisture content varying both spatially and temporally. We present design and operational features of an automated multiplexing system for chamber-based monitoring of greenhouse and regulated gas emissions from animal manure sources using a Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyzer. The multiplexing system allows users to automate the chamber network, controlling the movement of chambers and accurately managing chamber air flow distribution. Chambers positioning was achieved with two 12-volt actuators with limit switches at the end of each cycle. Low-power latching solenoid valves were programmed to distribute air streams in concert with chamber placement. The sampled air stream was ultimately analyzed using an FTIR spectroscopy analyzer, which is capable of monitoring 15 pre-programmed gases simultaneously. System design, control circuit and system operating algorithms as well as data collection management are presented in this paper. The multiplexing system is anticipated to increase data collection efficiency and decrease the uncertainly associated with spatial variations in gas emission measurements from manure sources.
• Wuddivira, M. N., Robinson, D. A., Lebron, I., Bréchet, L., Atwell, M., Caires, S. D., Oatham, M., Jones, S. B., Abdu, H., Verma, A. K., & Tuller, M. (2012). Estimation of soil clay content from hygroscopic water content measurements. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 76(5), 1529-1535.
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  Abstract: Soil texture and the soil water characteristic are key properties used to estimate flow and transport parameters. Determination of clay content is therefore critical for understanding of plot-scale soil heterogeneity. With increasing interest in proximal soil sensing, there is the need to relate obtained signals to soil properties of interest. Inference of soil texture, especially clay mineral content, from instrument response from electromagnetic induction and radiometric methods is of substantial interest. However, the cost of soil sampling and analysis required to link proximal measurements and soil properties, for example, clay mineral content, can sometimes outweigh the benefits of using a fast proximal technique. In this paper, we propose that determination of a soil's hygroscopic water content at 50% atmospheric relative humidity (RH50), which is time and cost efficient, and particularly suitable for developing countries, can act as a useful surrogate for clay content in interpreting soil spatial patterns based on proximal signals. We used standard clays such as kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite to determine the water release characteristic as a function of hygroscopic water content. We also determined clay content of soils from temperate (Arizona, United States) and tropical (Trinidad) regions using the hydrometer method and hygroscopic water content for soils equilibrated at RH50. We found linear dependence of clay percentage and RH50 for a range of soil mineralogies. Hygroscopic water measurements offer an inexpensive and simple way to estimate site-specific clay mineral content that in turn can be used to interpret geophysical signal data in reconnaissance surveys. © Soil Science Society of America,.
• Gebrenegus, T., Ghezzehei, T. A., & Tuller, M. (2011). Physicochemical controls on initiation and evolution of desiccation cracks in sand-bentonite mixtures: X-ray CT imaging and stochastic modeling. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 126(1-2), 100-112.
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  PMID: 21903292;Abstract: The shrink-swell behavior of active clays in response to changes in physicochemical conditions creates great challenges for construction of geotechnical barriers for hazardous waste isolation, and is of significant importance for management of agricultural and natural resources. Initiation and evolution of desiccation cracks in active clays are strongly dependent on physicochemical initial and boundary conditions. To investigate effects of bentonite content (20, 40, 60%), pore fluid chemistry (0.05 and 0.5 M NaCl) and drying rates (40 and 60 °C) on cracking behavior, well-controlled dehydration experiments were conducted and X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) was applied to visualize and quantify geometrical features of evolving crack networks. A stochastic model based on the Fokker-Plank equation was adopted to describe the evolution of crack aperture distributions (CAD) and to assess the impact of physicochemical factors on cracking behavior. Analyses of crack porosity and crack specific surface area showed that both clay content and temperature had larger impact on cracking than pore fluid concentration. More cracks formed at high bentonite contents (40 and 60%) and at high drying rate (60 °C). The drift, diffusion and source terms derived from stochastic analysis indicated that evaporative demand had greater influence on the dynamics of the CAD than solution chemistry. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• Sakai, M., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2011). Erratum: Numerical evaluation of subsurface soil water evaporation derived from sensible heat balance (Water Resources Research (2011) 47 (W02547) DOI: 10.1029/2010WR009866). Water Resources Research, 47(5).
• Sakai, M., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2011). Numerical evaluation of subsurface soil water evaporation derived from sensible heat balance. Water Resources Research, 47(2).
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  Abstract: A recently introduced measurement approach allows in situ determination of subsurface soil water evaporation by means of heat-pulse probes (HPP). The latent heat component of subsurface evaporation is estimated from the residual of the sensible heat balance. This heat balance method requires measurement of vertical soil temperature and estimates of thermal properties for soil water evaporation determination. Our objective was to employ numerically simulated thermal and hydraulic processes using constant or diurnally cycled surface boundary conditions to evaluate and understand this technique. Three observation grid spacings, namely, 6 mm (tri-needle HPP), 3 mm (penta-needle HPP) and 1 mm, along with three soil textures (sand, silt, and silty clay) were used to test the heat balance method. The comparison of heat balance-based evaporation rate estimates with an independent soil profile water balance revealed substantial errors when thermal conductivity (λ) was averaged spatially across the evaporation front. Since the conduction component of heat flux is the dominant process at the evaporation front, the estimation of evaporation rate was significantly improved using depth-dependent λ instead of a space-averaged λ. A near-surface "undetectable zone" exists, where the heat balance calculation is irreconcilable, resulting in underestimation of total subsurface evaporation. The method performs better for medium- and coarse-textured soils than for fine-textured soils, where portions of the drying front may be maintained longer within the undetectable zone. Using smaller temperature sensor spacing near the soil surface minimized underestimation from the undetectable zone and improved accuracy of total subsurface evaporation rate estimates. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.
• Vaz, C. M., C., I., Lasso, P. O., & Tuller, M. (2011). Evaluation of an advanced benchtop Micro-Computed Tomography system for quantifying porosities and pore-size distributions of two Brazilian Oxisols. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 75(3), 832-841.
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  Abstract: Recent advances in benchtop Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) provided the motivation to thoroughly evaluate and optimize scanning, image reconstruction/segmentation and pore space analysis capabilities of a SkyScan 1172 Micro-CT system and associated SkyScan Analyzer soft ware package (SkyScan, Belgium). To demonstrate applicability to soil research the project was focused on determination of porosities and pore-size distributions of two Brazilian Oxisols from segmented computed tomography (CT)-data. Eff ects of metal filters and various acquisition parameters (e.g., total rotation, rotation step, and radiograph frame averaging) on image quality and acquisition time were evaluated. Impacts of sample size and scanning resolution on CT-derived porosities and pore-size distributions were illustrated. Best image quality was achieved when an aluminum/copper filter (0.5/0.04 mm thickness) was positioned between sample and x-ray detector, the sample was rotated 360° in 0.3° steps and the number of averaged projections per rotation step was larger than 15. As with all other CT systems there was a tradeoff between maximum observable sample volume and achievable resolution. Even for soil samples scanned at the highest considered resolution of 3.7 μm (1.0 μm is the maximum achievable resolution) it was apparent that CT-derived porosities vastly underestimated physically measured apparent porosity values. In addition, it was shown that dense mineral particles can be discriminated from slightly attenuating elements and minerals. While image acquisition and reconstruction yielded excellent grayscale CT-data, the supplied soft ware lacked advanced image segmentation algorithms and morphometric pore space analysis capabilities. © Soil Science Society of America.
• Vaz, C. M., Manieri, J. M., C., I., & Tuller, M. (2011). Modeling and correction of soil penetration resistance for varying soil water content. Geoderma, 166(1), 92-101.
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  Abstract: For this study penetration resistance (PR) was measured within the profiles of four Oxisols for a wide range of water contents (θ) and bulk densities. Obtained data were utilized to parameterize 23 previously applied regression models. The most promising models were selected to illustrate effects of soil texture on PR. Finally, a new correction method based on normalization of PR with θ corresponding to a matric potential of - 10. kPa was introduced. Evaluation of texture effects revealed that for very wet soils PR was lowest, but increased with clay content. PR at - 1500. kPa exhibited a maximum at clay content of 35% and at - 10. kPa PR was least affected by texture. From all regression models three- and two-parametric exponential and power functions yielded closest matches to measured data. The proposed correction significantly dampened the influence of θ on PR, which allows better comparison for a specific soil or among different soils. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
• Gebrenegus, T., Tuller, M., & Muhunthan, B. (2010). The Application of X-ray Computed Tomography for Characterization of Surface Crack Networks in Bentonite-Sand Mixtures. Advances in X-ray Tomography for Geomaterials, 207-212.
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  Abstract: Development and evolution of desiccation cracks in bentonite-sand mixtures are strongly dependent on the physico-chemical boundary conditions. To investigate effects of solution chemistry and mixture bentonite content on cracking behavior, we conducted well-controlled dehydration experiments and applied X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) in conjunction with Mathematical Morphology to visualize and quantify geometrical features of evolving crack networks. Sampleswith varying bentonite content were saturated with 0.05 and 0.5 molar NaCl solutions, dehydrated under constant temperature, and scanned with X-ray CT at constant time intervals. Obtained 3-D images were analyzed based on Mathematical Morphology to quantify crack porosity, specific surface area, and aperture distributions of crack networks. © 2006 ISTE Ltd.
• Iassonov, P., & Tuller, M. (2010). Application of segmentation for correction of intensity bias in x-ray computed tomography images. Vadose Zone Journal, 9(1), 187-191.
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  Abstract: Nondestructive imaging methods such as x-ray computed tomography (CT) yield high-resolution, grayscale, threedimensional visualizations of pore structures and fluid interfaces in porous media. To separate solid and fluid phases for quantitative analysis and fluid dynamics modeling, segmentation is applied to convert grayscale CT volumes to discrete representations of media pore space. Unfortunately, x-ray CT is not free of artifacts, which complicates segmentation and quantitative image analysis due to obscuration of significant features or misinterpretation of att enuation values of a single material in different image sections. Images or volumes emanating from polychromatic (industrial) scanners are especially prone to high noise levels, beam hardening, scattered x-rays, or ring artifacts. These problems can be alleviated to a certain extent through application of metal filters, careful detector calibration, and sample centering, but they cannot be completely avoided. We have developed a simple three-dimensional approach to numerically correct for image artifacts using sequential segmentation. This procedure leads to a significant improvement of grayscale data as well as final segmentation results with reasonable computational demand. © Soil Science Society of America.
• San, F., Martín, M., Caniego, F. J., Tuller, M., Guber, A., Pachepsky, Y., & García-Gutiérrez, C. (2010). Multifractal analysis of discretized X-ray CT images for the characterization of soil macropore structures. Geoderma, 156(1-2), 32-42.
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  Abstract: A correct statistical model of soil pore structure can be critical for understanding flow and transport processes in soils, and creating synthetic soil pore spaces for hypothetical and model testing, and evaluating similarity of pore spaces of different soils. Advanced visualization techniques such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) offer new opportunities of exploring heterogeneity of soil properties at horizon or aggregate scales. Simple fractal models such as fractional Brownian motion that have been proposed to capture the complex behavior of soil spatial variation at field scale rarely simulate irregularity patterns displayed by spatial series of soil properties. The objective of this work was to use CT data to test the hypothesis that soil pore structure at the horizon scale may be represented by multifractal models. X-ray CT scans of twelve, water-saturated, 20-cm long soil columns with diameters of 7.5 cm were analyzed. A reconstruction algorithm was applied to convert the X-ray CT data into a stack of 1480 grayscale digital images with a voxel resolution of 110 microns and a cross-sectional size of 690 × 690 pixels. The images were binarized and the spatial series of the percentage of void space vs. depth was analyzed to evaluate the applicability of the multifractal model. The series of depth-dependent macroporosity values exhibited a well-defined multifractal structure that was revealed by singularity and Rényi spectra. The long-range dependencies in these series were parameterized by the Hurst exponent. Values of the Hurst exponent close to one were observed indicating the strong persistence in variations of porosity with depth. The multifractal modeling of soil macropore structure can be an efficient method for parameterizing and simulating the vertical spatial heterogeneity of soil pore space. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
• Dani, O. r., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2009). Liquid behavior in partially saturated porous media under variable gravity. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 73(2), 341-350.
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  Abstract: Plant growth in restricted volumes of porous material is of interest for advanced life support systems for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's future space missions. Reduced gravity conditions may affect fluid behavior in partially saturated porous media, requiring special considerations for growth media selection and root module design to ensure reliable water, air, and nutrient supply. Evidence suggests that fluid displacement patterns become unstable and enhance phase entrapment in the absence of gravity, thereby modifying macroscopic transport properties essential for fluid management decisions. Parabolic flight experiments have shown that preferential flows may lead to phase (air or gas) entrapment that would affect gaseous diffusion, as illustrated by lattice Boltzmann simulations. In microgravity, unstable flow patterns and particle rearrangement introduce uncertainty associated with particulate root growth media. These findings suggest that future efforts toward designing porous media and plant root modules in reduced gravity should focus on engineered plant growth media with stable pore space and spatially segregated domains that support water and nutrient retention in addition to gas exchange. © Soil Science Society of America.
• Heinse, R., Jones, S. B., Tuller, M., Bingham, G. E., Podolskiy, I., & Dani, O. r. (2009). Providing optimal root-zone fluid fluxes: Effects of hysteresis on capillary-dominated water distributions in reduced gravity. SAE Technical Papers.
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  Abstract: Management of water, air and nutrients in coarse-textured porous plant-growth substrates relies not only on the relative amounts of fluids but also on their distribution within porous media. Integration of plants in future life support systems for space exploration raises the question of how fluid distributions in porous plant-growth substrates are altered under reduced gravitational conditions. Central to addressing this issue is the behavior of the water retention characteristic (WRC). WRC encapsulates fluid-porous medium interactions and is key for control of water supply to plants. The hysteretic nature of WRC implies non-homogenous water distributions between its primary draining and wetting curves. During dynamic drainage and wetting cycles, considerable water content gradients develop at separations of only a few pore lengths. In the absence of a gravity force, these non-homogeneous distributions give rise to considerably different fluid distribution relative to terrestrial observations in the same porous media. Consequently, such altered fluid distributions may reduce connectivity and increase tortuosity of gaseous pathways sustaining diffusive gas transport compared to terrestrial conditions for similar air-filled contents. Such changes in fluid pathways may induce limitations to exchange of respiratory gases for plant roots, and highlight a range of other potential changes in microgravity behavior of capillary dominated processes important for distribution and transport of fluids in porous media. Copyright © 2009 SAE International.
• Iassonov, P., Gebrenegus, T., & Tuller, M. (2009). Segmentation of X-ray computed tomography images of porous materials: A crucial step for characterization and quantitative analysis of pore structures. Water Resources Research, 45(9).
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  Abstract: Nondestructive imaging methods such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) yield high-resolution, three-dimensional representations of pore space and fluid distribution within porous materials. Steadily increasing computational capabilities and easier access to X-ray CT facilities have contributed to a recent surge in microporous media research with objectives ranging from theoretical aspects of fluid and interfacial dynamics at the pore scale to practical applications such as dense nonaqueous phase liquid transport and dissolution. In recent years, significant efforts and resources have been devoted to improve CT technology, microscale analysis, and fluid dynamics simulations. However, the development of adequate image segmentation methods for conversion of gray scale CT volumes into a discrete form that permits quantitative characterization of pore space features and subsequent modeling of liquid distribution and flow processes seems to lag. In this paper we investigated the applicability of various thresholding and locally adaptive segmentation techniques for industrial and synchrotron X-ray CT images of natural and artificial porous media. A comparison between directly measured and image-derived porosities clearly demonstrates that the application of different segmentation methods as well as associated operator biases yield vastly differing results. This illustrates the importance of the segmentation step for quantitative pore space analysis and fluid dynamics modeling. Only a few of the tested methods showed promise for both industrial and synchrotron tomography. Utilization of local image information such as spatial correlation as well as the application of locally adaptive techniques yielded significantly better results. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.
• Qazi, M. A., Akram, M., Ahmad, N., Artiola, J. F., & Tuller, M. (2009). Economical and environmental implications of solid waste compost applications to agricultural fields in Punjab, Pakistan. Waste Management, 29(9), 2437-2445.
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  PMID: 19501499;Abstract: Application of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) to agricultural soils is becoming an increasingly important global practice to enhance and sustain soil organic matter (SOM) and fertility levels. Potential risks associated with heavy metals and phosphorus accumulations in surface soils may be minimized with integrated nutrient management strategies that utilize MSWC together with mineral fertilizers. To explore the economic feasibility of MSWC applications, nutrient management plans were developed for rice-wheat and cotton-wheat cropping systems within the Punjab region of Pakistan. Three-year field trials were conducted to measure yields and to determine the economic benefits using three management strategies and two nutrient doses. Management strategies included the application of mineral fertilizers as the sole nutrient source and application of mineral fertilizers in combination with MSWC with and without pesticide/herbicide treatments. Fertilizer doses were either based on standard N, P and K recommendations or on measured site-specific soil plant available phosphorus (PAP) levels. It was found that combining MSWC and mineral fertilizer applications based on site-specific PAP levels with the use of pesticides and herbicides is an economically and environmentally viable management strategy. Results show that incorporation of MSWC improved soil physical properties such as bulk density and penetration resistance. The PAP levels in the surface layer increased by the end of the trials relative to the initial status. No potential risks of heavy metal (Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni) accumulation were observed. Treatments comprised of MSWC and mineral fertilizer adjusted to site-specific PAP levels and with common pest management showed highest cumulative yields. A basic economic analysis revealed a significantly higher cumulative net profit and value-to-cost ratio (VCR) for all site-specific doses. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Heinse, R., Jones, S. B., Steinberg, S. L., Tuller, M., & Dani, O. r. (2007). Measurements and modeling of variable gravity effects on water distribution and flow in unsaturated porous media. Vadose Zone Journal, 6(4), 713-724.
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  Abstract: Liquid behavior under reduced gravity conditions is of considerable interest for various components of life-support systems required for manned space missions. High costs and limited opportunities for spaceflight experiments hinder advances in reliable design and operation of elements involving fluids in unsaturated porous media such as plant growth facilities. We used parabolic flight experiments to characterize hydraulic properties under variable gravity conditions deduced from variations in matric potential over a range of water contents. We designed and tested novel measurement cells that allowed dynamic control of water content. Embedded time domain reflectometry probes and fast-responding tensiometers measured changes in water content and matric potential. For near-saturated conditions, we observed rapid establishment of equilibrium matric potentials during the recurring 20-s periods of microgravity. As media water content decreased, the concurrent decrease in hydraulic diffusivity resulted in limited attainment of equilibrium distributions of water content and matric potential in microgravity, and water content heterogeneity within the sample was influenced by the preceding hypergravity phase. For steady fluxes through saturated columns, we observed linear and constant hydraulic gradients during variable gravity, yielding saturated hydraulic conductivities similar to values measured under terrestrial gravity. Our results suggest that water distribution and retention behavior are sensitive to varied gravitational forces, whereas saturated hydraulic conductivity appears to be unaffected. Comparisons between measurements and simulations based on the Richards equation were in reasonable agreement, suggesting that fundamental laws of fluid flow and distribution for macroscopic transport derived on Earth are also applicable in microgravity. © Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.
• Dani, O. r., Fedors, R., Stothoff, S., & Tuller, M. (2006). Reply to comment by Stefan Finsterle on "Seepage into drifts and tunnels in unsaturated fractured rock". Water Resources Research, 42(7).
• Shira, J. M., Williams, B. C., Flury, M., Czigány, S., & Tuller, M. (2006). Sampling silica and ferrihydrite colloids with fiberglass wicks under unsaturated conditions. Journal of Environmental Quality, 35(4), 1127-1134.
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  PMID: 16738398;Abstract: The suitability of passive capillary samplers (PCAPS) for collection of representative colloid samples under partially saturated conditions was evaluated by investigating the transport of negatively and positively charged colloids in fiberglass wicks. A synthetic pore water solution was used to suspend silica microspheres (330 nm in diameter) and ferrihydrite (172 nm in diameter) for transport experiments on fiberglass wicks. Breakthrough curves were collected for three unsaturated flow rates with silica microspheres and one unsaturated flow rate with ferrihydrite colloids. A. moisture characteristic curve, relating tensiometer measurements of matric potential to moisture content, was developed for the fiberglass wick. Results indicate that retention of the silica and the ferrihydrite on the wick occurred; that is, the wicks did not facilitate quantitative sampling of the colloids. For silica microspheres, 90% of the colloids were transmitted through the wicks. For ferrihydrite, 80 to 90% of the colloids were transmitted. The mechanisms responsible for the retention of the colloids on the fiberglass wicks appeared to be physicochemical attachment and not thin-film, triple-phase entrapment, or mechanical straining. Visualization of pathways by iron staining indicates that flow is preferential at the center of twisted bundles of filaments. Although axial preferential flow in PCAPS may enhance their hydraulic suitability for sampling mobile colloids, we conclude that without specific preparation to reduce attachment or retention, fiberglass wicks should only be used for qualitative sampling of pore water coloids. © ASA, CSSA, SSSA.
• Tuller, M., & Or, D. (2006). Hydraulic properties of swelling clay-sand mixtures: Microscale modeling and measurements. Geotechnical Special Publication, 2186-2197.
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  Abstract: Changes in volume and pore space induced by the shrink-swell behavior of clay minerals present a challenge to predictive modeling of hydraulic properties of clayey soils. We present a pore-scale framework that combines physico-chemical processes with pore-geometrical, hydrostatic, and hydrodynamic considerations toward prediction of constitutive hydraulic relationships for swelling porous media. Variations in pore space are modeled by considering the soil clay fabric as an assembly of colloidal-size tactoids with lamellar structure. The arrangement of clay tactoids and the spacing between individual lamellae are functions of primarily clay hydration state quantifiable via the disjoining pressure that is dominated by a large electrostatic repulsive component. Solution chemistry and clay type are also considered. Silt and sand textural constituents are represented as rigid spheres interspaced by clay fabric in two basic configurations of "expansive" and "reductive" unit cells. Bulk soil properties such as clay content, porosity and surface area serve as constraints for modeling pore-space geometry. Liquid saturation within the idealized pore space is calculated as a function of chemical potential considering volume changes due to clay shrink-swell behavior. Closed-form expressions for prediction of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity are derived from calculations of average flow velocities in ducts, parallel plates, and in corners bounded by liquid-vapor interfaces, and invoking proportionality between flux density and hydraulic gradient. Measurements of saturated hydraulic properties are used to evaluate model predictions and lay the foundation for upscaling considerations to sample and profile scales. Advanced flexible-wall permeametry is employed to measure permeability of clay-sand mixtures with mono- and divalent ionic solutions. Preliminary pore-scale model calculations show favorable agreement with measured permeability values for a wide range of clay contents and varying ionic solutions. Copyright ASCE 2006.
• Dani, O. r., Tuller, M., & Fedors, R. (2005). Seepage into drifts and tunnels in unsaturated fractured rock. Water Resources Research, 41(5), 1-11.
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  Abstract: Methods for obtaining estimates of seepage into drifts and tunnels excavated in unsaturated fractured rocks are of interest for engineering and environmental applications. For uniform porous media a tunnel surface may present a capillary barrier promoting water diversion around the opening through the porous matrix, hence reducing seepage into the opening. The presence of fractures intersecting the opening complicates flow behavior and presents a challenge to seepage prediction. We present a simple and physically based model for seepage estimation that preserves key physical processes associated with fracture flow, while avoiding complexity of detailed fracture network characterization. The processes of film and capillary-driven flows are combined with a geometrically tractable representation of the dual-continuum fractured rock with two disparate populations of matrix pores and fracture apertures. The large disparity in capillary forces between matrix and fractures rules out matrix seepage based on Philip's theory. We obtain estimates of seepage fraction for a given percolation flux from consideration of the hydraulic conductivity of the fracture domain only. Similar to previous studies, the new model shows existence of a percolation threshold for onset of seepage. The new model also exhibits a steep increase in seepage with increase in percolation flux that reflects the role of fracture film flow. In addition to consideration of physically based flow processes, computations for the proposed analytical model can be performed with common spreadsheet software, which is a distinct advantage over numerical equivalent porous media approaches that require a powerful computational environment, excessive computation time, and thorough characterization of the fracture domain. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.
• Heinse, R., Humphries, S. D., MacE, R. W., Jones, S. B., Steinberg, S. L., Tuller, M., Newman, R. M., & Dani, O. r. (2005). Measurement of porous media hydraulic properties during parabolic flight induced microgravity. SAE Technical Papers.
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  Abstract: Bioregenerative life-support systems proposed for long-duration space missions require an understanding of the physical processes that govern distribution and transport of fluids in particulate porous plant-growth media. Our objectives were to develop hardware and instrumentation to measure porous-medium water retention and hydraulic transport properties during parabolic-flight induced microgravity. Automated measurements complimented periodic manual operations in three separate experiments using porous ceramic aggregates and glass beads. The water content was adjusted in multiple steps in periods of 1.8g. Continuous hydraulic potential measurements provided information on water retention. The short duration of microgravity limited the occurrence of equilibrium potentials under partially saturated conditions. Measured pressure gradients under fixed flow rates were largely unaffected by gravity force in saturated cylindrical porous-medium-filled flow cells. High resolution video imagery provided details on water imbibition rates into dry and previously wetted porous media. Additional analysis of these data will provide insight into the effects of reduced gravity on porous medium hydraulic properties. Copyright © 2005 SAE International.
• Steinberg, S. L., Jones, S. B., Xiao, M., Reddi, L., Kluitenberg, G., Dani, O. r., Iwan, J., Daidzic, N., & Tuller, M. (2005). Challenges to understanding fluid behavior in plant growth media under microgravity. SAE Technical Papers.
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  Abstract: Fluid management in plant growth media under reduced gravity remains a challenge hindering integration of this critical component of advanced life support. A recent NASA-funded project diagnosed causes for limited progress in control of water and air in the root zone. Small finite volumes of porous media are used for plant growth in microgravity. Difficulties controlling water and air in the root zone likely result from an incomplete understanding of the system in 1g that is compounded by changes in water and air distribution due to microgravity. Key areas for future progress include engineered plant growth media for reduced gravity, improvements in sensing technology and better understanding of rhizosphere processes. Copyright © 2005 SAE International.
• Steinberg, S. L., Kluitenberg, G. J., Jones, S. B., Daidzic, N. E., Reddi, L. N., Xiao, M., Tuller, M., Newman, R. M., Dani, O. r., & Iwan, J. (2005). Physical and hydraulic properties of baked ceramic aggregates used for plant growth medium. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 130(5), 767-774.
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  PMID: 16173159;Abstract: Baked ceramic aggregates (fritted clay, arcillite) have been used for plant research both on the ground and in microgravity. Optimal control of water and air within the root zone in any gravity environment depends on physical and hydraulic properties of the aggregate, which were evaluated for 0.25-1-mm and 1-2-mm particle size distributions. The maximum bulk densities obtained by any packing technique were 0.68 and 0.64 g·cm-3 for 0.25-1-mm and 1-2-mm particles, respectively. Wettable porosity obtained by infiltration with water was ≈65%, substantially lower than total porosity of ≈74%. Aggregate of both particle sizes exhibited a bimodal pore size distribution consisting of inter-aggregate macropores and intra-aggregate micropores, with the transition from macro- to microporosity beginning at volumetric water content of ≈36% to 39%. For inter-aggregate water contents that support optimal plant growth there is 45% change in water content that occurs over a relatively small matric suction range of 0-20 cm H2O for 0.25-1-mm and 0 to -10 cm H 2O for 1-2-mm aggregate. Hysteresis is substantial between draining and wetting aggregate, which results in as much as a ≈10% to 20% difference in volumetric water content for a given matric potential. Hydraulic conductivity was approximately an order of magnitude higher for 1-2-mm than for 0.25-1-mm aggregate until significant drainage of the inter-aggregate pore space occurred. The large change in water content for a relatively small change in matric potential suggests that significant differences in water retention may be observed in microgravity as compared to earth.
• Tuller, M., & Dani, O. r. (2005). Water films and scaling of soil characteristic curves at low water contents. Water Resources Research, 41(9), 1-6.
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  Abstract: [1] Individual contributions of capillarity and adsorptive surface forces to the matric potential are seldom differentiated in determination of soil water characteristic (SWC) curves. Typically, capillary forces dominate at the wet end, whereas adsorptive surface forces dominate at the dry end of a SWC where water is held as thin liquid films. The amount of adsorbed soil water is intimately linked to soil specific surface area (SA) and plays an important role in various biological and transport processes in arid environments. Dominated by van der Waals adsorptive forces, surface-water interactions give rise to a nearly universal scaling relationship for SWC curves at low water contents. We demonstrate that scaling measured water content at the dry end by soil specific surface area yields remarkable similarity across a range of soil textures and is in good agreement with theoretical predictions based on van der Waals interactions. These scaling relationships are important for accurate description of SWC curves in dry soils and may provide rapid and reliable estimates of soil specific surface area from SWC measurements for matric potentials below -10 MPa conveniently measured with the chilled-mirror dew point technique. Surface area estimates acquired by fitting the scaling relationship to measured SWC data were in good agreement with SA data measured by standard methods. Preliminary results suggest that the proposed method could provide reliable SA estimates for natural soils with hydratable surface areas smaller than 200 m2/g. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.
• Dani, O. r., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2004). Liquid-Gas Interfacial Configurations in Angular Pores Under Microgravity. Engineering Construction and Operations in Challenging Environments Earth and Space 2004: Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial ASCE Aerospace Division International Conference, 346-353.
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  Abstract: The liquid-gas interfacial configurations in angular pores of plant growth media under microgravity were investigated. The Augmented Young-Laplace equation was employed to simultaneously consider contributions of capillary and adsorptive forces to interfacial configurations. It was observed that the difference between gravity conditions for liquid held between parallel plates became significant only for pores larger than approximately 1 mm and potentials very close to zero. Implications of liquid configurations on gas entrapment processes and on macroscopic retention and transport properties relevant to root module design were also discussed.
• Steinberg, S. L., Alexander, J. I., Or, D., Daidzic, N., Jones, S., Reddi, L., Tuller, M., Kluitenberg, G., & Xiao, M. (2004). Flow and Distribution of Fluid Phases Through Porous Plant Growth Media In Microgravity. Engineering Construction and Operations in Challenging Environments Earth and Space 2004: Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial ASCE Aerospace Division International Conference, 325-332.
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  Abstract: Results from plant growth experiments utilizing particulate growth media during space flight revealed difficulties associated with providing reliable and reproducible water and air supply to plant roots. These limitations have been attributed to insufficient understanding of liquid configuration and growth media transport processes in reduced gravity. This information gap has made it impossible to determine whether culturing technique or microgravity significantly effects water and air transport through particulate media in microgravity. The objective of this NASA-funded research program is the quantitative characterization of physical processes associated with flow of wetting and non-wetting phases in particulate plant growth media that are essential for successful design and control of plant production systems during space flight.
• Dani, O. r., & Tuller, M. (2003). Hydraulic conductivity of partially saturated fractured porous media: Flow in a cross-section. Advances in Water Resources, 26(8), 883-898.
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  Abstract: Standard models for hydraulic functions of partially saturated fractured porous media (FPM) often rely on macroscopic continuum representation and embrace constitutive relationships originally developed for homogeneous porous media to describe hydraulic behavior of dual (or multi) continua FPM. Such approaches lead to inconsistencies due to neglect of underlying physical processes governing liquid retention and flow in the vastly different pore spaces. We propose a framework that considers equilibrium liquid configurations in dual continuum pore space as the basis for calculation of liquid saturation and introduction of hydrodynamic considerations. FPM cross-sectional pore space is represented by a bimodal size distribution reflecting two disparate populations of matrix pores and fracture apertures (with rough-walled surfaces). Three laminar flow regimes are considered, flow in: (1) completely liquid filled pore spaces; (2) partially filled pores or grooves bounded by liquid-vapor interfaces; and (3) surface film flow. Assuming that equilibrium liquid-vapor interfaces remain stable under slow laminar flows, sample-scale unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is derived from average velocity expressions for each flow regime weighted by the appropriate liquid-occupied cross-sectional areas (neglecting 3-D network effects). A parameter estimation scheme was developed and evaluated using two data sets. The results point to the critical need for definitive data sets for improved understanding of flow in partially saturated FPM. Hydraulic conductivity functions for non-equilibrium conditions between matrix and fracture domains are discussed. Approximations for inclusion of network effects are proposed based on direct measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity supplemented by theoretical considerations applying critical path analysis. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Dani, O. r., & Tuller, M. (2003). Reply to comment by N. Kartal Toker, John T. Germaine, and Patricia J. Culligan on "Cavitation during desaturation of porous media under tension". Water Resources Research, 39(11), COM21-COM23.
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  Abstract: The simplistic and incomplete presentation of cavitation by Or and Tuller [2002] was justified by the need for a simple representation of potentially different mechanisms for liquid drainage in unsaturated porous media and their impact on common conceptual models and measurement methods [Chahal and Yong, 1965]. Toker et al. [2003] suggested a useful correction that we subsequently expanded to include the critical role of entrapped gas and to derive estimates for critical liquid pressure and critical bubble radius for cavitation. These derivations highlight the role of entrapped gas as cavitation nuclei whose formation and persistence are described by the "crevice model" of Atchley and Prosperetti [1989]. The model provides a more realistic framework for the interactions between pore space geometry (crevice), liquid and surface properties, gas dissolution, and formation of sustainable gas bubbles in porous media. A striking result is that gas bubbles entrapped at the bottom of a crevice can attain equilibrium with gas in the bulk liquid and can remain undissolved indefinitely to serve as potential nuclei for cavitation. Additionally, this relatively simple model yields a rich variety of behaviors that were not captured by standard spherical/cylindrical pore models [Or and Tuller, 2002]. The relationships between pore space geometry, roughness, and angularity [Tuller et al., 1999; Wapner and Hoffman, 2002] and wetting/drying dynamics and their potential contribution of cavitation processes to drainage from porous media will be explored in future studies.
• Tuller, M., & Dani, O. r. (2003). Hydraulic functions for swelling soils: Pore scale considerations. Journal of Hydrology, 272(1-4), 50-71.
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  Abstract: Changes in volume and pore space induced by the shrink-swell behavior of clay minerals present a challenge to predictive modeling of hydraulic properties of clayey soils. Despite well-developed theory for crystalline and osmotic swelling of clay minerals at the scale of individual clay lamellae, their translation to prediction of hydraulic properties of swelling soils is limited. In this study we propose a framework that combines physico-chemical processes with pore scale geometrical, hydrostatic, and hydrodynamic considerations toward prediction of constitutive hydraulic relationships for swelling porous media. Variations in pore space are modeled by considering the soil clay fabric as an assembly of colloidal-size tactoids with lamellar structure. The arrangement of clay tactoids and the spacing between individual lamellae are functions of primarily clay hydration state quantifiable via the disjoining pressure that is dominated by a large electrostatic repulsive component. Solution chemistry and clay type are also considered. Silt and sand textural constituents are represented as rigid spheres interspaced by clay fabric in two basic configurations of 'expansive' and 'reductive' unit cells. Bulk soil properties such as clay content. porosity and surface area serve as constraints for the pore-space geometry. Liquid saturation within the idealized pore space is calculated as a function of chemical potential considering volume changes due to clay shrink-swell behavior. Closed-form expressions for prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivity are derived from calculations of average flow velocities in ducts and between parallel plates, and invoking proportionality between water flux density and unit hydraulic gradient. Preliminary model calculations compare favorably with published data, and show great potential for upscaling considerations. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
• Dani, O. r., & Tuller, M. (2002). Cavitation during desaturation of porous media under tension. Water Resources Research, 38(5), 191-194.
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  Abstract: A potential mechanism for liquid drainage in wet porous media based on cavitation of water (the spontaneous formation of water vapor bubbles) under tension is proposed. Cavitation theory applied to an idealized pore predicts considerable differences in drainage branches of characteristic curves determined under tension and with imposed positive pressure. A potentially important aspect of cavitation is the possibility of liquid displacement (drainage) even in the absence of a continuous gaseous phase. Surface heterogeneity and impurities in soil and rock water are conducive for lowering cavitation tension threshold; on the other hand, small pore sizes and viscous resistance to flow restrain cavitation in natural porous media. The significance of cavitation in flow and transport processes is yet unknown; however, there are two important aspects to this phenomenon: (1) it may require revision of several conceptual models for liquid retention and displacement in porous media, and (2) extrapolating from evidence in plant xylem systems, cavitation may play an important role in determining the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function.
• Steinberg, S. L., Daidzic, N. E., Jones, S., Dani, O. r., Kluitenberg, G., Reddi, L., Iwan, J., & Tuller, M. (2002). Flow and distribution of fluid phases through porous plant growth media in microgravity: Progress to date. SAE Technical Papers.
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  Abstract: Results from plant growth experiments utilizing particulate growth media during space flight revealed difficulties associated with providing reliable reproducible gaseous and water supply to plant roots. These limitations were attributed to insufficient understanding of liquid configuration and growth media transport processes in reduced gravity. The objective of this NASA-funded research program is to develop a framework for modeling and quantitative characterization of physical processes associated with flow of wetting and non-wetting phases in particulate plant growth media in microgravity. This paper provides an overview of research plans and current status of research activities. Characterization and modeling of substrate water retention and transport properties in microgravity is key to management and control of gas and liquid fluxes within plant root zones. Modeling efforts will focus on both 1) a pore network model for describing discontinuous fluid phase transport (ganglia/blobs) and 2) a statistical distribution model describing water retention and hydraulic conductivity as functions of various pore configurations. Minimizing hydrostatic forces within porous media by using thin samples on earth may provide an approximation to microgravity conditions. In our preliminary study we have used Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to detect and track the evolution of liquid configuration and dynamics within thin slices of opaque porous media (Aquafoam™ with mean pore size of 50 μm). Both two- and three dimensional temporal MRI imaging has been performed in thin Aquafoam™ slices positioned vertically and horizontally (to simulate the effect of gravity). The wetting front exhibited percolation-type patterns and fingering. Preliminary results show that gravity dominates liquid flow even for low Bond numbers. Although the capillary forces are very strong the small hydrostatic pressure built in the initial liquid volume determines the subsequent evolution of the wetting front. Copyright © 2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
• Tuller, M., & Dani, O. r. (2002). Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of structured porous media: A review of liquid configuration-based models. Vadose Zone Journal, 1(1), 14-37.
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  Abstract: Common approaches for modeling hydraulic functions of unsatu- rated structured porous media (SPM) rely on macroscopic continuum representation, where parameterization schemesand constitutive rela- tionships originally developed for homogeneous porous media are extended to represent hydraulic behavior of dual (or multi) continuum SPM. Such models often result in inconsistencies due to lack of consid- erationof structuralporespacegeometry andtheneglect ofunderlying physical processes governing liquid retention and flow under unsatu- rated conditions. We review a new framework that considers equilib- rium liquid configurations in dual continuum pore space as the basis for calculation of liquid saturation and subsequent introduction of hydrodynamic considerations. The SPM pore space is represented by a bimodal distribution of pore sizes, reflecting two disparate popula- tions of matrix and structural pores. Three steady-state and laminar flow regimes are considered to derive unsaturated hydraulic conduc- tivity functions: (i) flow in completely filled pore spaces, (ii) corner flow in partially filled pores and grooves, and (iii) film flow on solid surfaces. Two key assumptions are used in deriving the average cross- sectional flow velocities in these regimes: (i) that equilibrium liquid- vapor interfaces remain stable under slow laminar flows and (ii) that flow pathways are parallel. Liquid-vapor interfacial configurations for different matric potentials are calculated and statistically upscaled to derive sample-scale saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity from velocity expressions weighted by the appropriate liquid-occupied cross-sectional areas, neglecting three-dimensional (3-D) network ef- fects. Similarly, the hydraulic functions for matrix and structural pores are derived separately and later combined by weighting the individual contributions by the porosities of the associated pore spaces. A param- eter estimation scheme was developed to calculate liquid saturation and to predict sample-scale unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. Model evaluation using measured data for homogeneous porous media, frac- tured welded tuff, and macroporous and aggregated soils shows favor- able agreement (within the limitations of model assumptions). Effects of nonequilibrium conditions between matrix and structural pore do- mains on the hydraulic conductivity and approximate consideration of 3-D network effects are discussed.
• Tuller, M., & Or, D. (2001). Hydraulic conductivity of variably saturated porous media: Film and corner flow in angular pore space. Water Resources Research, 37(5), 1257-1276.
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  Abstract: Many models for hydraulic conductivity of partially saturated porous media rely on oversimplified representation of the pore space as a bundle of cylindrical capillaries and disregard flow in liquid films. Recent progress in modeling liquid behavior in angular pores of partially saturated porous media offers an alternative framework. We assume that equilibrium liquid-vapor interfaces provide well-defined and stable boundaries for slow laminar film and corner flow regimes in pore space comprised of angular pores connected to slit-shaped spaces. Knowledge of liquid configuration in the assumed geometry facilitates calculation of average liquid velocities in films and corners and enables derivation of pore-scale hydraulic conductivity as a function of matric potential. The pore-scale model is statistically upscaled to represent hydraulic conductivity for a sample of porous medium. Model parameters for the analytical sample-scale expressions are estimated from measured liquid retention data and other measurable medium properties. Model calculations illustrate the important role of film flow, whose contribution dominates capillary flow (in full pores and corners) at relatively high matric potentials (approximately -100 to -300 J kg-1, or -1 to 3 bars). The crossover region between film and capillary flow is marked by a significant change in the slope of the hydraulic conductivity function as often observed in measurements. Model predictions are compared with the widely applied van Genuchten-Mualem model and yield reasonable agreement with measured retention and hydraulic conductivity data over a wide range of soil textural classes.
• Dani, O. r., & Tuller, M. (2000). Flow in unsaturated fractured porous media: Hydraulic conductivity of rough surfaces. Water Resources Research, 36(5), 1165-1177.
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  Abstract: The general trend in models for flow in unsaturated fractured porous media is to regard desaturated fractures as nonparticipating elements that impede flow. Mounting experimental and theoretical evidence shows that fractures retain and conduct liquid in the form of film and partially filled corner flow to a relatively low degree of saturation. A simple geometrical model for rough fracture surfaces is developed offering a tractable geometry for calculations of surface liquid storage due to adsorbed films and capillary menisci. Assuming that under slow laminar flow the equilibrium liquid configurations on the fracture surface are not modified significantly, the average hydraulic conductivities for film and corner flows were derived and used as building blocks for a representative fracture roughness element and an assemblage of statistically distributed surface roughness elements. Calculations for a single representative element yielded excellent agreement with surface storage and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity measurements of Tokunaga and Wan [1997]. A statistical representation of surface roughness using a gamma distribution of pit depths resulted in closed-form expressions for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity averaged across the fracture length (transverse to flow) or weighted by the liquid cross section occupying the fracture surface. An important attribute of the surface roughness model is the direct link between fracture surface and matrix processes unified by the matric potential. The proposed model represents a first step toward development of a comprehensive approach for liquid retention and hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated fractured porous media based on details of liquid configuration for different matric potentials.
• Dani, O. r., & Tuller, M. (1999). Liquid retention and interfacial area in variably saturated porous media: Upscaling from single-pore to sample-scale model. Water Resources Research, 35(12), 3591-3605.
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  Abstract: A new model for liquid configuration in angular pore space considering both capillary and adsorptive contributions was proposed as an alternative to the conventional bundle of capillaries representation. In this study we develop a statistical framework for upscaling pore-scale processes to represent a sample-scale response of variably saturated porous medium. The representation of pore size distribution by the gamma distribution enables derivation of closed-form expressions for sample-scale liquid retention and liquid-vapor interfacial area. The statistical framework calculates the expected values of liquid configuration as a function of pore geometry and chemical potential considerations. Media properties are used to estimate upscaling parameters by matching model predictions with measured retention data subject to specific surface area constraint. Additionally, a method for estimating liquid-solid adsorption behavior for the medium is proposed. Model predictions compare favorably with measured retention data, yielding a similar close fit as obtained with the van Genuchten parametric model. Liquid-vapor interfacial area as a function of chemical potential is readily calculated using the estimated retention parameters. Model calculations of liquid-vapor interfacial area for sand show reasonable agreement with measurements obtained with surface-active tracers. The contribution of liquid films dominates the total liquid-vapor interfacial area and often surpasses the capillary contribution (curved menisci) by several orders of magnitude. This illustrates potential limitations in using cylindrical pore network modeling of interfacial area for multiphase flow predictions. The detailed picture of liquid vapor interfaces provides a sound basis for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity calculations in the sample cross section (i.e., neglecting network effects) and offers insights into microbial habitats and related exchange processes in partially saturated porous media.
• Tuller, M., Dani, O., & Dudley, L. M. (1999). Adsorption and capillary condensation in porous media: Liquid retention and interfacial configurations in angular pores. Water Resources Research, 35(7), 1949-1964.
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  Abstract: Conventional models Of liquid distribution, flow, and solute transport in partially saturated porous media are limited by the representation of media pore space as a bundle of cylindrical capillaries (BCC). Moreover, the capillary model ignores the dominant contribution of adsorptive surface forces and liquid films at low potentials. We propose two new complementary elements for improving our understanding of liquid configuration in porous media: (1) an approach for considering the individual contributions of adsorptive and capillary forces to the matric potential and (2) a more realistic model for pore space geometry. Modern interface science formalism is applied to determine the thickness of adsorbed liquid films as a function of thermodynamic conditions and specific surface area of the medium. The augmented Young-Laplace (AYL) equation provided the necessary framework for combining adsorptive and capillary processes. A new pore space geometry composed of an angular pore cross section (for capillary processes) connected to slit-shaped spaces with internal surface area (for adsorption processes) offers a more realistic representation of natural porous media with explicit consideration of surface area (absent in the standard BCC model). Liquid-vapor configuration, saturation, and liquid-vapor interfacial area were calculated for different potentials and pore (unit cell) dimensions. Pore dimensions may be easily related to measurable soil properties such as specific surface area and porosity. Rigorous calculations based on the AYL equation were simplified and led to the development of algebraic expressions relating saturation and interfacial area of liquid in the proposed pore space geometry to chemical potential. These simple expressions are amenable to upscaling procedures similar to those presently used with the BCC model.
• Tuller, M., Shukla, M. K., & Loiskandl, W. (1997). Measurement of volumetric soil water content under field conditions with TDR and gypsum blocks. Osterreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, 49(3-4), 64-69.
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  Abstract: A field experiment has been performed to test two methods of determining volumetric soil water content. The aim was to throw light on the reliability and practical use of the gypsum block method, which is considered to contain uncertainties in the relevant literature. For this purpose, the block method was compared with the much more accurate Time Domain Reflectometry Method of determining volumetric soil water content. Measurements were made, over a period of two years, at 32 locations with TDR Wave Guides and gypsum blocks installed side by side at different depths. The results were evaluated by statistical methods.

Proceedings Publications

• Tabatabaeenejad, A., Sadeghi, M., Moghaddam, M., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2017, July). Retrieval of AirMOSS Root-Zone Soil Moisture Profile with a Richards' Equation-Based Approach. In IGARSS 2017 - IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 4955-4958.
• Sutitarnnontr, P., Hu, E., Miller, R., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2013, July). Measurement Accuracy of a Multiplexed Portable FTIR-Surface Chamber System for Estimating Gas Emissions. In ASABE Annual International Meeting, Kansas City, Missouri, Jul 21-24, 2013.
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  ASABE Paper No. 131620669doi: 10.13031/aim.20131620669
• ARTHUR, E., MOLDRUP, P., HOLMSTRUP, P., , P., WINDING, A., MAYER, P., TULLER, M., DE, J. L., NAVEED, M., MOLDRUP, P., TULLER, M., FERRE, T., KAWAMOTO, K., KOMATSU, T., & DE, J. L. (2012, October). Predicting Soil-Water Characteristics from Volumetric Contents of Pore-Size Analogue Particle Fractions. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/21/2012
• GONZALEZ, C. J., TULLER, M., SLACK, D., & MIRJAT, M. (2012, November). Alternating Partial Soil Surface Wetting to Optimize Leaching A Model Analysis. In USCID Water Management Conference Managing Irrigation Systems in Today s Environment.
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  11/12/2012
• Jones, S., Or, D., Heinse, R., & Tuller, M. (2012, December). Beyond Earth: Designing Root Zone Environments for Reduced Gravity Conditions. In 28th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research (ASGSR).
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  2
• RUMANA, K., JONES, S., TULLER, M., & SADEGHI, M. (2012, October). Determination of Subsurface Soil Evaporation using a Heat Pulse Probe Array. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/21/2012
• RUMANA, K., RATTANAPICHAI, W., JONES, S., MACE, W., & TULLER, M. (2012, October). An Automated Microlysimeter for Long-Term Monitoring of Soil Evaporation. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/21/2012
• RUMANA, K., TULLER, M., & JONES, S. (2012, April). Determination of Subsurface Soil Evaporation using a Heat Pulse Probe Array. In 2012 Spring Runoff Conference.
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  4/3/2012
• SADEGHI, M., SAKAI, M., TULLER, M., & JONES, S. (2012, October). A New Algorithm for Determining Soil Evaporation Using Heat Pulse Probe Measurements. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/21/2012
• SUTITARNNONTR, P., MILLER, R., BIALKOWSKI, S., TULLER, M., & JONES, S. (2012, Fall). A Multiplexing System for Monitoring Greenhouse and Regulated Gas Emissions from Manure Sources using a Portable FTIR Gas Analyzer. In ASABE.
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  ASABE Paper No. 121337982,
• SUTITARNNONTR, P., TULLER, M., MILLER, R., & JONES, S. (2012, April). Temporal Variations in Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Dairy and Beef Cow Manure. In 2012 Spring Runoff Conference.
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  4/3/2012
• SUTITARNNONTR, P., TULLER, M., MILLER, R., & JONES, S. (2012, October). Monitoring Temporal Variations In Greenhouse and Regulated Gas Emissions From Cow Manure In Relation to Moisture Content and Temperature. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/21/2012
• SUTITARNNONTR, P., TULLER, M., MILLER, R., BIALKOWSKI, S., & JONES, S. (2012, July). Metal Oxide Gas Sensor Performance Compared with a FTIR Gas Analyzer for Monitoring Regulated and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Manure Sources. In ASABE Annual International Meeting.
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  7/29/2012
• TULLER, M., & KULKARNI, R. (2012, October). Unsupervised 3-D Multiphase Segmentation of X-Ray CT Data of Porous Materials. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/21/2012
• Tuller, M. -., FINK, W., TULLERM, ., JACOBS, A., KULKARNI, R., TARBELL, M., FURFARO, R., & BAKERVR, . (2012, Fall). Robotic Lake Lander Test Bed for Autonomous Surface and Subsurface Exploration of Titan Lakes. In 2012 IEEE Aerospace Conference.
• VAZ, C., JONES, S., MEDING, S., & TULLER, M. (2012, January). Comparison of Commonly-Applied Electromagnetic Sensors for Soil Water Content and Electrical Conductivity Measurements in Mineral, Organic and Saline Soils. In 2nd International Soil Sensing Technology Conference.
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  1/3/2012
• VERMA, A., JONES, S., & TULLER, M. (2012, October). Application of High-Resolution Thermal Imaging and Novel Heat Pulse Technology to Quantify Soil Evaporation. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/21/2012
• WUDDIVIRA, M., ROBINSON, D., LEBRON, I., , L., ATWELL, M., DE, C. S., OATHAM, M., JONES, S., ABDU, H., VERMA, A., & TULLER, M. (2012, October). Hygroscopic Water Content as a Surrogate for Clay Percentage in Proximal Soil Sensing. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/21/2012
• BABCOCK, E., TULLER, M., & JONES, S. (2011, October). Quantification and Monitoring of Gas Emission from Agricultural Sources: Measurement Technology and Limitations. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/16/2011
• BABCOCK, E., TULLER, M., JONES, S., & WALWORTH, J. (2011, October). Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture and Animal Operations: Influencing Factors, Measurement Limitations, and Potential Mitigation Strategies. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/16/2011
• DE, J. L., MOLDRUP, P., TULLER, M., RESURRECCION, A., & KOMATSU, T. (2011, October). Soil Specific Surface Area from Hyper-Dry-Region Water Retention: Links to External and Internal Surface Areas and the Clay to Carbon Ratio. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/16/2011
• DEEPAGODA, C., MOLDRUP, P., TULLER, M., PEDERSEN, M., DE, J. L., SCHJONNING, P., KAWAMOTO, K., & KOMATSU, T. (2011, October). Gas Diffusivity-Based Analysis of Tomato Growth Media. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/16/2011
• JONES, S., SAKAI, M., & TULLER, M. (2011, December). Partitioning Evaporation and Infiltration Processes with an Array of Multifunction Heat Pulse Probes. In AGU International Annual Meeting.
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  12/5/2011
• JONES, S., SAKAI, M., BEMBENEK, A., & TULLER, M. (2011, October). A Penta-Needle Heat Pulse Probe Array for Soil Subsurface Evaporation and Heat Flux Estimates. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/16/2011
• KULKARNI, R., TULLER, M., FINK, W., & WILDENSCHILD, D. (2011, July). Three-Dimensional Multiphase Segmentation of X-Ray CT Data of Porous Materials Using a Bayesian Markov Random Field Framework. In Workshop on Image Analysis for Porous Media.
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  7/14/2011
• RATTANAPICHAI, W., JONES, S., MACE, R., & TULLER, M. (2011, October). An Automated Microlysimeter for Long-Term Monitoring of Soil Evaporation. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/16/2011
• TULLER, M., & KULKARNI, R. (2011, December). Multiphase Segmentation of 3-D X-Ray Micro Computed Tomography Data of Porous Materials. In AGU International Annual Meeting.
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  12/5/2011
• TULLER, M., & KULKARNI, R. (2011, October). An Advanced Bayesian Algorithm for Multiphase Segmentation of 3-D X-Ray Micro Computed Tomography Data of Porous Materials. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/16/2011
• TULLER, M., NEARING, G., JONES, S., & HEINSE, R. (2011, April). Geophysical Characterization of Inactive Mine Tailings - A First Step for Revegetation. In European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly.
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  Abstract EGU2011-5751; 4/3/2011
• TULLER, M., VAZ, C., LASSO, P., & KULKARNI, R. (2011, April). A New Generation of High-Resolution Benchtop Micro-CT Scanners for Application in Earth Sciences. In Abstract EGU2011-5798. European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly.
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  4/3/2011
• Tuller, M. -., SUTITARNNONTR, P., TULLERM, ., & JONES, S. (2011, October). Metal Oxide Gas Sensors for Monitoring Regulated and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Manure Sources. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/16/2011
• VAZ, C., JONES, S., JACOBSEN, A., & TULLER, M. (2011, October). Evaluation of Electromagnetic Sensors Using Acetic Acid/Water Mixtures - Dielectric Constant and Electrical Conductivity Responses. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/16/2011
• VAZ, C., JONES, S., MEDING, S., & TULLER, M. (2011, October). Evaluation of Commercially Available Electromagnetic Sensors for Measuring Soil Water Content and Electrical Conductivity in Mineral, Organic and Saline Soils. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
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  10/16/2011

Presentations

• Gonzalez-Teruel, J. D., Gimenez-Gallego, J., Tuller, M., Sheng, W., Torres-Sanchez, R., & Jones, S. B. (2023, December). Mineral Soils Classification Based on Frequency Domain Dielectric Spectroscopy: A Potential Tool to Estimate Soil Physical Properties and Improve the Accuracy of Soil Moisture Determination. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. St. Louis, MO: Soil Science Society of America.
• Tuller, M. (2022, January). Links Between Short-Wave Infrared Reflectance, Plant Water Potential, and Root Zone Soil Moisture. W4188 Multistate Research Project Meeting. Virtual: USDA NIFA.
• Babaeian, E., Gohardoust, M. R., Calleja, S., Demieville, J., Rozzi, B., Pauli, W. D., Sagan, V., & Tuller, M. (2021, December). High Resolution Three-Dimensional Mapping of Vegetation Water Content via Fusion of SWIR Reflectance and Canopy Laser Topography. American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting. New Orleans, LA: American Geophysical Union (AGU).
• Babaeian, E., Gohardoust, M. R., Calleja, S., Demieville, J., Rozzi, B., Pauli, W. D., Sagan, V., & Tuller, M. (2021, November). A New Approach to Short-Wave Infrared Remote Sensing of Plant Canopy Water Content. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, UT: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Babaeian, E., Paheding, S., Siddique, N., Devabhaktuni, V. K., & Tuller, M. (2021, December). Forecasting of Evapotranspiration from Ground and Remote Sensing Observations with Deep Learning. American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting. New Orleans, LA: American Geophysical Union (AGU).
• Babaeian, E., Paheding, S., Siddique, N., Devabhaktuni, V. K., & Tuller, M. (2021, November). Application of Long Short-Term Memory Deep Learning for Forecasting of Evapotranspiration from Ground and Satellite Observations. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, UT: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Bandai, T., Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Tuller, M., Jones, S. B., & Ghezzehei, T. A. (2021, November). Characterization of Unsaturated Water Flow in Soils Using Short-Wave Infrared Imaging through Inverse Modeling. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, UT: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Babaeian, E., French, A. N., Saber, M., Sanchez, C. A., & Tuller, M. (2020, November). A New Remote Sensing-Based Crop Water Stress Index for Irrigation Scheduling. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Virtual: Soil Science Society of America.
• Babaeian, E., Gohardoust,, M. R., White, S. A., & Tuller, M. (2020, November). Evaluation of the SoilVUE TDR Soil Moisture and Temperature Profiling Sensor. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Virtual: Soil Science Society of America.
• Tuller, M., French, A. N., Saber, M., Sanchez, C. A., & Babaeian, E. (2020, December). A New Crop Water Stress Index for Desert Agriculture Derived from Satellite Observations and Soil Hydraulic Parameters. AGU Fall Meeting. Virtual: American Geophysical Union.
• Babaeian, E., Newcomb, M. S., Sidike, P., Ward, R., Sagan, V., & Tuller, M. (2019, November). Remote Sensing of Crop Water Stress and Water Use Efficiency. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. San Antonio, TX: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Babaeian, E., Ward, R., Newcomb, M., Sadeghi, M., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2019, January). High Resolution Unmanned Aerial Systems Imaging for Soil Moisture Assessment for Precision Agriculture Applications. SSSA International Soils Meeting. San Diego, CA: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Jones, S. B., Naruke, C., Sheng, W., Zhou, R., Sadeghi, M., Parajuli, K., Babaeian, E., & Tuller, M. (2019, January). Determination and Validation of Surface Soil Moisture Using Novel Gravimetric-, Dielectric- and SWIR Reflectance-Based Approaches. SSSA International Soils Meeting. San Diego, CA: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2019, January). Advancing Hydrological Remote Sensing Using New Principles of Soil Physics. SSSA International Soils Meeting. San Diego, CA: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Sadeghi, M., Ebtehaj, A., Crow, W. T., Gao, L., Purdy, A. J., Fisher, J. B., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2019, May). Global Mapping of Land Surface Net Water Flux using Satellite Near-Surface Soil Moisture Data. The 2019 National Soil Moisture Workshop: Expanding the Frontiers of Soil Moisture Measurements and Applications. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University.
• Sadeghi, M., Ebtehaj, A., Crow, W. T., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2019, December). Estimation of Surface Water Flux from SMAP/SMOS Soil Moisture Retrievals. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union (AGU).
• Sadeghi, M., Ebtehaj, A., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2019, November). Analytical Models Linking Satellite Retrievals of Surface Soil Moisture and Water Fluxes. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. San Antonio, TX: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Jones, S. B., Sheng, W., Zhou, R., Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Robinson, D. A., & Tuller, M. (2018, April). High Resolution Monitoring of Near-Surface Soil Hydrodynamics Using a Novel TDR Array. EGU General Assembly. San Diego, CA: European Geosciences Union (EGU).
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., Knadel, M., & de Jonge, L. W. (2017, October). Application of the Guggenheim-Anderson-De Boer Model to Estimate Soil Specific Surface Area from Water Vapor Sorption Isotherms. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Gohardoust, M. M., Hardelauf, H., Bar-Tal, A., Heller, H., Amichai, M., & Tuller, M. (2017, October). Application of the PARSWMS Parallelized Code for Simulation of Three-Dimensional Water Flow and Solute Transport in Containerized Soilless Substrates. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Tabatabaeenejad, A., Sadeghi, M., Moghaddam, M., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2017, July). Retrieval of AirMOSS Root-Zone Soil Moisture Profile with a Richards’ Equation-Based Approach. IGARSS 2017 - IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Fort Worth, TX: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
• Tuller, M. (2017, November). A Novel Approach to Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture and Evapotranspiration. CALS Frontiers in Life Sciences Seminar. Tucson, AZ: UA College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.
• Tuller, M., Babaeian, E., Sadeghi, M., Franz, T., & Jones, S. B. (2017, December). Validation of SMAP Root Zone Soil Moisture Estimates with Improved Cosmic-Ray Neutron Probe Observations. AGU International Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA: American Geophysical Union (AGU).
• Jones, S. B., Heinse, R., Tuller, M., & Bingham, G. E. (2016, April). Considerations for Growing Plants in the Reduced Gravity of Space: Gas Percolation and Root Intrusion Effects in Porous Media. Kirkham Conference. Sede Boqer, Israel: Soil Science Society of America/Agronomic Science Foundation and the Lena and Maria van der Ploeg Fund and the Kirkham Fund.
• Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2016, November). A Novel Optical Approach to Satellite-Based Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Tuller, M. (2016, December). Application of X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography in the Earth and Environmental Sciences. Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences Seminar Series. Tucson, AZ: Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences Department.
• Tuller, M., Babaeian, E., Gohardoust, M. R., Kulkarni, R., & Gonzales Cena, J. R. (2016, January). 2015 Research Contributions - Tuller Group. W-3188 Annual Meeting. Las Vegas, NV: USDA.
• Jones, S. B., Sutitarnnontr, P., Tuller, M., Miller, R., & Hu, E. (2015, Nov). Automated Closed Chamber-Based Measurements of CO2, CH4 and NH3 Emissions from Fresh, Dried and Sludged Dairy Cattle Manure. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, MN.
• Sadeghi, M., Ghahraman, B., Warrick, A. W., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2015, Nov). Scaling of Soil Hydraulic Functions: Revisiting the Miller and Miller Similar Media Theory. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, MN.
• Tuller, M. (2015, Jan). Prediction of Physicochemical Soil Properties from Water Vapor Sorption. W-2188 Multistate Meeting. Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV.
• Gonzalez Cena, J. R., Tuller, M., & Slack, D. C. (2014, June). Sequential Flooding for Salt Leaching – A Field Study. Salinity Forum. Riverside Convention Center, Riverside, CA: US Salinity Laboratory.
• Jensen, D. K., Moldrup, P., Arthur, E., Tuller, M., & de Jonge, L. W. (2014, November). Impact of Texture, Bulk Density, and Organic Carbon on the Soil Water Characteristic from Oven Dryness to Saturation. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Long Beach, CA: Soil Science Society of America.
• Jones, S. B., Rumana, K., Szafruga, P., Sakai, M., & Tuller, M. (2014, June). A Heat Pulse Probe Array for Subsurface Soil Evaporation Estimates. 20th World Congress of Soil Science. Jeju, Korea: IUSS.
• Leao, T. P., & Tuller, M. (2014, November). Relating Soil Specific Surface Area, Water Film Thickness and Water Vapor Adsorption. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Long Beach, CA: Soil Science Society of America.
• Naveed, M., Moldrup, P., Schaap, M. G., Tuller, M., Kulkarni, R., Vogel, H., & de Jonge, L. W. (2014, November). Prediction of Macropore Water and Air Flow at the Field Scale: Empirical Models v/s Lattice Boltzmann Simulations. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Long Beach, CA: Soil Science Society of America.
• Sutitarnnontr, P., Miller, R., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2014, November). Simulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions after Land Application of Cattle Manure. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Long Beach, CA: Soil Science Society of America.
• Troch, P. A., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Dontsova, K. M., Fang, Y., Niu, Y., Pangle, L. A., Tuller, M., & Van Haren, J. L. (2014, December). Monitoring and Modeling Water, Energy and Carbon Fluxes at the Hillslope Scale in the Landscape Evolution Observatory.. AGU International Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union.
• Vaz, C. M., Jones, S. B., Meding, S. M., & Tuller, M. (2014, July). Evaluation of Eight Electromagnetic Sensors for Measuring Water Content and Electrical Conductivity in Mineral, Organic and Saline Soils. 4th International Symposium on Soil Water Measurement using Capacitance, Impedance and Time Domain Transmission (TDT). Pointe Claire, Quebec, Canada.
• Zeng, W., Xu, C., Huang, J., Wu, J., & Tuller, M. (2014, November). Soil Water and Salinity Distribution after Irrigation under Different Farming Practices. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Long Beach, CA: Soil Science Society of America.
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2013, November). Soil Specific Surface Area and Clay Content Estimated From Vapor Sorption Isotherms. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Tampa, FL: ASA-CSSA-SSSA.
• Jones, S. B., Or, D., Heinse, R., & Tuller, M. (2013, December). Root Zone Concept Designs for Reduced Gravity Environments. Workshop on Earth-Based Integrated Experimental System of Bioregenerative Life Support System with Humans Involved. Beihang University, Beijing, China: Beihang University.
• Miller, R., Sutitarnnontr, P., Hu, E., Tuller, M., Walworth, J., & Jones, S. B. (2013, April). Best management practices for reducing gas emissions from manure application in semi-arid regions. Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center National Conference "Waste to Worth: Spreading Science and Solutions". Denver, CO: Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center.
• Naveed, M., Moldrup, P., Arthur, E., Holmstrup, M., Nicolaisen, M., Hamamoto, S., Kawamoto, K., Komatsu, T., Tuller, M., & de Jonge, L. W. (2013, November). When Soil Goes to Sleep: Simultaneous Changes in Biodiversity and Pedodiversity Along an Anthropogenic Copper Gradient. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Tampa, FL: ASA-CSSA-SSSA.
• Schaap, M. G., Tuller, M., Kulkarni, R., & Guber, A. (2013, December). Comparison of competing segmentation standards for X-ray computed topographic imaging using Lattice Boltzmann techniques.. AGU International Annual Meeting. San Fancisco: American Physical Union.
• Sutitarnnontr, P., Hu, E., Tuller, M., Miller, R., & Jones, S. B. (2013, April). Effectiveness of Manure Incorporation in Reducing Gas Emissions. Spring Runoff Conference "Water, People and Sustainability: Integrating Physical, Social and Ecological Dimensions". Logan, UT: Utah State University.

Poster Presentations

• Babaeian, E., & Tuller, M. (2023, December). A Near-Infrared Optical Trapezoid Model for Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union.
• Babaeian, E., Paheding, S., & Tuller, M. (2020, December). Application of Deep Learning for Regional Evapotranspiration Projections Based on Satellite and Weather Observations. AGU Fall Meeting. Virtual: American Geophysical Union.
• Babaeian, E., Paheding, S., & Tuller, M. (2020, November). Application of Deep Learning for Root Zone Moisture Retrievals from Ground and Remotely Sensed Soil Data. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Virtual: Soil Science Society of America.
• Van Haren, J. L., Van Haren, J. L., Kuhnhammer, K., Kuhnhammer, K., Kuebert, A., Kuebert, A., Beyer, M., Beyer, M., Tuller, M., Tuller, M., Babaeian, E., Babaeian, E., Hu, J., Hu, J., Dubbert, M., Dubbert, M., Meredith, L., Meredith, L., Werner, C., & Werner, C. (2020, May). Water Cycling (Pools and Movement) Through an Enclosed Tropical Forest in Response to Drought. EGU General Assembly. Virtual: European Geosciences Union.
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Knadel, M., Moldrup, P., Jensen, P. W., Rehman, H. U., & de Jonge, L. W. (2019, November). Investigating the Impact of Soil Organic Carbon on Soil Specific Surface Area for Samples with Different Clay Mineralogy. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. San Antonio, TX: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., & deJonge, L. W. (2019, January). Clay Content and Mineralogy as well as Organic Matter Affect Soil Water Vapor Sorption Hysteresis. SSSA International Soils Meeting. San Diego, CA: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Babaeian, E., Sadeghi, M., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2019, January). Relating Evapotranspiration Rate, Soil and Plant Temperature, and SWIR Reflectance for Root Water Uptake Estimation. SSSA International Soils Meeting. San Diego, CA: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Babaeian, E., White, S. A., & Tuller, M. (2019, November). Field Evaluation of the Tensiomark Matric Potential Sensor for Hydraulic Soil Characterization. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. San Antonio, TX: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Gohardoust Monfared, M., & Tuller, M. (2019, January). Hydraulic and Aeration Properties of Soilless Greenhouse Substrate Mixtures. SSSA International Soils Meeting. San Diego, CA: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Knadel, M., de Jonge, L. W., Tuller, M., Rehman, H. U., Jensen, P. W., Moldrup, P., Greve, M. H., & Arthur, E. (2019, July). Combining visible near-infrared spectroscopy and water vapor sorption for soil specific surface area estimation. World Soils User Consultation Meeting. Frascati (Rome), Italy: European Space Agency (ESA).
• Rehman, H. U., Pouladi, N., Tuller, M., de Jonge, L. W., Moldrup, P., & Arthur, E. (2019, November). Rapid Estimation of the Atterberg Limits of Soils from Hygroscopic Water Content. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. San Antonio, TX: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2019, January). Soil Texture Effects on Spectral Reflectance. SSSA International Soils Meeting. San Diego, CA: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Van Haren, J. L., Kuehnhammer, K., Kübert, A., Dubbert, M., Tuller, M., Babaeian, E., Beyer, M., Meredith, L., & Werner, C. (2019, December). Water cycling (pools and movement) through an enclosed tropical forest in response to drought. AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union (AGU).
• Babaeian, E., Newcomb, M., Ward, R., Sadeghi, M., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2018, December). A New Unmanned Aircraft System-Assisted Optical Trapezoid Model for Soil Moisture Assessment. AGU Fall Meeting. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union (AGU).
• Sadeghi, M., Sheng, W., Babaeian, E., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2018, April). Soil-Water Content and Water Flux Profiles Determined by SWIR Imaging and TDR Array. EGU General Assembly. Vienna, Austria: European Geosciences Union (EGU).
• Tuller, M., Arthur, E., Moldrup, P., & deJonge, L. W. (2018, April). Improving water sorption-based clay prediction models for swelling and non-swelling clay soils. EGU General Assembly. Vienna, Austria: European Geosciences Union (EGU).
• Babaeian, E., Sadeghi, M., Gohardoust, M. M., Arthur, E., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2017, October). Application of Shortwave Infrared Imaging for Estimation of Soil Hydraulic Properties. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Babaeian, E., Sadeghi, M., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2017, October). Evaluation of a Novel Optical Trapezoid Model for Estimation of Large-Scale Root Zone Soil Moisture Based on MODIS Satellite Observations and Reference Cosmic-Ray Measurements. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Effati, M., Bahrami, H. A., Babaeian, E., & Tuller, M. (2017, October). Application of Satellite Remote Sensing for Mapping and Monitoring of Saline Dust Emission Sources in the Urmia Lake Watershed in Iran. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Ghafari, E., Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Davary, K., Farid, A., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2017, December). New Physical Algorithms for Downscaling SMAP Soil Moisture. AGU International Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA: American Geophysical Union (AGU).
• Gholoubi, A., Sadeghi, M., Jones, S. B., Babaeian, E., & Tuller, M. (2017, October). A Novel Remote Sensing Approach to Quantifying Soil Stability. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Kulkarni, R., Rodriguez, J. J., & Tuller, M. (2017, October). Semi-Automated Multiphase Segmentation of 4D Micro-Computed Tomography Data of Porous Media. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2017, December). Optical Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration. AGU International Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA: American Geophysical Union (AGU).
• Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2017, October). Effects of Particle Size on Soil Reflectance. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Sadeghi, M., Sheng, W., Babaeian, E., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2017, October). Application of Shortwave Infrared Imaging for Estimation of Soil Water Content and Flux Profiles. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Sheng, W., Zhou, R., Sadeghi, M., Babaeian, E., Tuller, M., Anderson, S. K., & Jones, S. B. (2017, October). Printed Circuit Board Time Domain Reflectometry Sensors for Near-Surface Soil Moisture Measurement. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Volkmann, T. H., Sengupta, A., Pangle, L. A., Abramson, N., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Breshears, D. D., Bugaj, A., Chorover, J. D., Dontsova, K. M., Durcik, M., Ferre, P. A., Harman, C. J., Hunt, E. A., Kim, M., Maier, R. M., Matos, K. A., Alves Meira Neto, A., Meredith, L., Monson, R. K., , Niu, G., et al. (2017, December). Controlled Experiments of Hillslope Co-evolution at the Biosphere 2 Landscape Evolution Observatory: Toward Prediction of Coupled Hydrological, Biogeochemical, and Ecological change. AGU International Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA: American Geophysical Union (AGU).
• Arthur, E., & Tuller, M. (2016, November). A Simple Method for Estimating Cation Exchange Capacity from Water Vapor Sorption. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Babaeian, E., Sadeghi, M., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2016, December). A Novel Optical Model for Remote Sensing of Near-Surface Soil Moisture. American Geophysical Union (AGU) International Annual Meeting. San Francisco: American Geophysical Union (AGU).
• Babaeian, E., Sadeghi, M., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2016, November). High-Resolution Mapping of Surface Soil Moisture with Hyperspectral Line-Scan Imaging. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Babaeian, E., Sadeghi, M., Sheng, W., Zhou, R., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2016, November). Relating Surface Reflectance and Near-Surface Soil Moisture to Improve Ground Truth Calibration of Optical Remote Sensing. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Gohardoust, M. R., An, J., Bar-Tal, A., Heller, H., Amichai, M., Ferre, P. A., & Tuller, M. (2016, November). Application of Numerical Simulations for Optimization of Soilless Culture Systems. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Gonzalez Cena, J. R., Slack, D. C., Babaeian, E., & Tuller, M. (2016, November). A Comparison of Sequential and Conventional Flood Irrigation Under Field Conditions. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Kulkarni, R., Rodriguez, J. J., & Tuller, M. (2016, Nov. 6-9). Improved Surface Area Estimation Based on Surface Curvedness. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Intl. Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Kulkarni, R., Rodriguez, J. J., & Tuller, M. (2016, November). Improved Surface Area Estimation Based on Surface Curvedness. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Kulkarni, R., Schaap, M. G., Rodriguez, J. J., & Tuller, M. (2016, Nov. 6-9). Synthesis of Sphere Packings for Evaluation of Image Segmentation Algorithms. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Intl. Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Kulkarni, R., Schaap, M. G., Rodriguez, J. J., & Tuller, M. (2016, November). Synthesis of Sphere Packings for Evaluation of Image Segmentation Algorithms. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Sadeghi, M., Tabatabaeenejad, A., Tuller, M., Babaeian, E., & Jones, S. B. (2016, December). A New Richards' Equation-Based AirMOSS Soil Moisture Retrieval Algorithm. American Geophysical Union (AGU) International Annual Meeting. San Francisco: American Geophysical Union (AGU).
• Sadeghi, M., Tabatabaeenejad, A., Tuller, M., Babaeian, E., & Jones, S. B. (2016, November). A New Solution to Richards' Equation for Application to P-Band Radar Remote Sensing of Root Zone Soil Moisture. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Sheng, W., Zhou, R., Jones, S. B., Anderson, S. K., & Tuller, M. (2016, November). Design of a Printed Circuit Board TDR/TDT Near-Surface Soil Moisture Sensor. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
• Tuller, M., Babaeian, E., Sadeghi, M., Sheng, W., & Jones, S. B. (2016, December). A Comprehensive Laboratory Study to Improve Ground Truth Calibration of Remotely Sensed Near-Surface Soil Moisture. American Geophysical Union (AGU) International Annual Meeting. San Francisco: American Geophysical Union (AGU).
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2015, Nov). Evaluation of Water Vapor Sorption Hysteresis in Soils: The Role of Organic Matter and Clay. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, MN.
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2015, Nov). Modeling and Prediction of Soil Water Vapor Sorption Isotherms. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, MN.
• Gohardoust, M. M., Bar-Tal, A., Heller, H., & Tuller, M. (2015, Nov). Optimization of Soilless Greenhouse Substrates Based on Physicochemical Characterization and Numerical Simulations. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, MN.
• Gohardoust, M. M., Sadeghi, M., Ahmadi, M. Z., & Tuller, M. (2015, Nov). Effective Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Multilayer Soil Profiles. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, MN.
• Sadeghi, M., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2015, Dec). Toward a Calibration-Free Model for Optical Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture. AGU International Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union.
• Sadeghi, M., Tuller, M., Jones, S. B., & Gohardoust, M. M. (2015, Mar). Effective Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Characteristic Length of Layered Soils Considering Steady-State Evaporation. Spring Runoff Conference. Eccles Conference Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT.
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., Jensen, D. K., & de Jonge, L. W. (2014, November). Considering Organic Carbon for Improved Predictions of Clay Content from Water Vapor Sorption. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Long Beach, CA: Soil Science Society of America.
• Hirashima, Y., Miyamoto, H., Tuller, M., & Ferre, P. A. (2014, November). Time Domain Transmissiometry for Measurement of Soil Moisture and Bulk Electrical Conductivity. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Long Beach, CA: Soil Science Society of America.
• Larsen, J. D., Larsen, J. D., Schaap, M. G., Schaap, M. G., Tuller, M., Tuller, M., Kulkarni, R., Kulkarni, R., Guber, A., & Guber, A. (2014, December). Challenges in the Segmentation and Analysis of X-ray Micro-CT Image Data.. AGU International Annual Meeting. Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union.
• Miyamoto, H., Uemura, M., Tuller, M., & Ferre, P. A. (2014, November). Application of Coated Time Domain Transmission (TDT) Sensors for Measurement of Moisture Content in Dielectrically Lossy Clay Slurries. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Long Beach, CA: Soil Science Society of America.
• Rumana, K., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2014, June). A Multifunctional Heat Pulse Probe for Soil Physical Property and Process Assessment. 20th World Congress of Soil Science. Jeju, Korea: IUSS.
• Rumana, K., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2014, November). Determination of Subsurface Evaporation and Soil Water Content: Implementing a Heat Pulse Probe Array for High-Resolution Measurements. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Long Beach, CA: Soil Science Society of America.
• Sadeghi, M., Jones, S. B., Tuller, M., & Gohardoust, M. R. (2014, November). Effective Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Characteristic Length of Layered Soils Considering Steady-State Evaporation. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Long Beach, CA: Soil Science Society of America.
• Sutitarnnontr, P., Tuller, M., Miller, R., & Jones, S. B. (2014, April). Cumulative Evaporation from Manure Surface Application Using a Closed Dynamic Chamber Technique. 2014 Spring Runoff Conference. Eccles Conference Center, Logan, UT: Utah State University.
• Troch, P. A., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Dontsova, K. M., Fang, Y., Niu, Y., Pangle, L., Tuller, M., & Van Haren, J. L. (2014, December). Monitoring and Modeling Water, Energy and Carbon Fluxes at the Hillslope Scale in the Landscape Evolution Observatory. 2014 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA.
• Troch, P. A., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Dontsova, K. M., Fang, Y., Niu, Y., Pangle, L., Tuller, M., & Van Haren, J. L. (2014, December). Monitoring and Modeling Water, Energy and Carbon Fluxes at the Hillslope Scale in the Landscape Evolution Observatory. American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA.
• Uemura, M., Miyamoto, H., & Tuller, M. (2014, November). Application of Time Domain Transmissiometry for Measurement of Moisture Content and Void Ratio in a Heavy Paddy Clay Soil. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Long Beach, CA: Soil Science Society of America.
• Vaz, C. M., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2014, July). Calibration of EM Sensors using Acetic Acid-Water Mixtures. 4th International Symposium on Soil Water Measurement using Capacitance, Impedance and Time Domain Transmission (TDT). Pointe Claire, Quebec, Canada.
• Zeng, W., Xu, C., Huang, J., Wu, J., & Tuller, M. (2014, December). Coupling an Inverse Gaussian Model with Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Soil Moisture from Hyperspectral Imagery. AGU International Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union.
• Zeng, W., Xu, C., Huang, J., Wu, J., Schaap, M. G., & Tuller, M. (2014, November). A Novel Method for Estimation of Root Zone Moisture Content from EO-1 Hyperion Hyperspectral Imagery. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Long Beach, CA: Soil Science Society of America.
• Gonzalez Cena, J. R., Mirjat, M., Tuller, M., & Slack, D. (2013, April). Incremental soil surface flooding to optimize leaching - A model analysis. University of Arizona EarthWeek. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.
• Gonzalez Cena, J. R., Slack, D., & Tuller, M. (2013, November). Incremental Surface Flooding to Optimize Leaching Efficiency - A Numerical Analysis. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Tampa, FL: Soil Science Society of America.
• Hu, E., Sutitarnnontr, P., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2013, November). Emissions of Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Ammonia from Dairy Feces and Manure. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Tampa, FL: ASA-CSSA-SSSA.
• Hu, E., Sutitarnnontr, P., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2013, April). Emissions of Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Ammonia from Fresh Dairy and Beef Manure. Spring Runoff Conference "Water, People and Sustainability: Integrating Physical, Social and Ecological Dimensions". Logan, UT: Utah State University.
• Jensen, D. K., Moldrup, P., Tuller, M., Naveed, M., & de Jonge, L. W. (2013, November). Prediction Of The Soil Water Characteristic From Saturation To Hyper-Dry Region Based On Volumetric Particle Size Fractions. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Tampa, FL: ASA-CSSA-SSSA.
• Jones, S. B., Rumana, K., & Tuller, M. (2013, November). Improved Soil Heat Flux Assessment Using a Penta-Needle Heat Pulse Probe. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Tampa, FL: ASA-CSSA-SSSA.
• Katuwal, S., Moldrup, P., Tuller, M., & de Jonge, L. W. (2013, November). Links between Matrix Bulk Density, Macropore Characteristics and Hydraulic Behavior of Soils. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Tampa, FL: ASA-CSSA-SSSA.
• Kulkarni, R., Araujo, J. B., Tuller, M., & Brusseau, M. L. (2013, December). Determination of Film, Capillary, and Total Air-Water Interfacial Area Using X-Ray Microtomography. AGU International Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union (AGU).
• Rumana, K., Jones, S. B., & Tuller, M. (2013, November). Resolving Heat Pulse Measurement Anomalies. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Tampa, FL: ASA-CSSA-SSSA.
• Rumana, K., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2013, April). In-situ Soil Water Content Estimation with Heat Pulse Technology. Spring Runoff Conference "Water, People and Sustainability: Integrating Physical, Social and Ecological Dimensions". Logan, UT: Utah State University.
• Rumana, K., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2013, June). Determination of Subsurface Soil Evaporation using a Heat Pulse Probe Array. USDA Annual Investigators Meeting. Annapolis, Maryland: USDA.
• Sutitarnnontr, P., Hu, E., Miller, R., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2013, April). Drying and Rewetting Effects on Gas Emissions from Dairy Manure in Semi-Arid Regions. Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center National Conference "Waste to Worth: Spreading Science and Solutions". Denver, CO: Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center.
• Sutitarnnontr, P., Hu, E., Tuller, M., & Jones, S. B. (2013, November). Determination of Physical and Hydraulic Properties of Cattle Manure Using Soil Analysis Techniques. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings. Tampa, FL: ASA-CSSA-SSSA.

Others

• Miller, R., Sutitarnnontr, P., Tuller, M., Walworth, J. L., & Jones, S. B. (2015, March). Impact of Manure Incorporation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Semi-Arid Regions. eXtension: http://www.extension.org/pages/72838/. http://www.extension.org/pages/72838/
• Arthur, E., Tuller, M., Moldrup, P., & de Jonge, L. W. (2014, March). Rapid and Fully Automated Measurement of Water Vapor Sorption Isotherms: New Opportunities for Vadose Zone Research. Crops, Soils, Agronomy CSA News, Vol. 57, No. 8, pp. 32-33, Madison, WI..
• Tuller, M. -. (2012, Fall). Mathlab Codes for Segmentation and Analysis of Reconstructed X-Ray CT Images.
• Tuller, M. -. (2011, Fall). Mathlab Codes for Segmentation and Analysis of Reconstructed X-Ray CT Images.