Betsy Greene

Interests

No activities entered.

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Journals/Publications

• Hall, A. L., Audoin, F., Brischke, A. S., Greene, E. A., Reed, D., Hazlewood, K., & Wright, A. D. (2025).

  Preparing Livestock Producers for New World Screwworm Reemergence in the United States

  . University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication, 5.
• Greene, E. A., & Mastellar, S. L. (2021). Knowing What is Normal for Your Horse. Fast Track Extension Article, 10.
  More info

  Early recognition of an illness or problem with your horse is easier to catch if you are familiar with what is normal for your horse. If your horse is usually a voracious eater and suddenly shows less interest in their feed, this can be a first sign that something isn’t right.
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. (2019). Barn Smarts for Biosecurity Poster (English format). Fast Track Publication.
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2021). Barn Smarts for Biosecurity: Tips for Keeping Your Horse Safe and Healthy”. (Spanish). Fast Track Extension Article.
  More info

  The intent of this article is to inject a little humor while providing key common sense tips on Biosecurity. Each tip is accompanied by an easy to remember theme and cartoon.
• Anderson, K., Pulec, K., Skelly, C., Wright, A. D., & Greene, E. A. (2020). Reach Versus Impact: Online Learning Lessons Compared to Webinars for Educational Outcomes. Journal of Extension.
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2020). “Barn Smarts for Biosecurity: Tips for Keeping Your Horse Safe and Healthy”. (The Informed Arizona Equestrian Horse Health Series). UArizona Cooperative Extension Article.
• Greene, E. A., Hein, W., Wickens, C. L., & Smarsh, D. N. (2020). Extension Horses, Inc. experts act fast to create online resources to assist the horse industry during COVID-191. Translational Animal Science, 4(3). doi:10.1093/tas/txaa085
• Greene, E. A., Hein, W., Wickens, C., & Smarsh, D. (2020). Extension Horses, Inc. experts act fast to create online resources to assist the horse industry during COVID-19. Translational Animal Science.
• Greene, E. A., & Hiney, K. (2019). Ag Teachers Test SCRUB Biosecurity Education Curriculum. https://agbiosecurityproject.org/scrub-biosecurity-education/.
  More info

  Blog about Oklahoma "Big 3" Biosecurity workshops for OK Ag teachers.
• Greene, E. A., Smith, J., McDonald, J., Kerr, S., & Rankin, J. (2019). Educating Youth About Biosecurity Can Help Prevent the Spread of Disease in Farm Animals. https://futurumcareers.com/educating-youth-about-biosecurity-can-help-prevent-the-spread-of-disease-in-farm-animals.
• Wright, A. D., Diaz, D. E., Greene, E. A., & Knight, C. W. (2019). Daily activity and shade use by horses in a desert environment. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 76, 101-102. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.147
• Cuneo, S. P., Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2017). The Informed Arizona Equestrian: Horse Health Series. Ionophore Toxicity in Horses. UA Cooperative Extension Fast Track.
• Greene, E. A., & Grimbleby, C. (2017). The Informed Arizona Equestrian: Horse Health Series. "Preventing Sand Colic". UA Cooperative Extension Fast Track.
• Anderson, K. P., Pulec, K. E., Skelly, C. D., Wright, A. D., & Greene, E. A. (2017). Reach vs impact: examining the value of online learning lessons compared to webinars for educational outcomes for the equine community. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 52, 119. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2017.03.198
• Faulkner, D. B., Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2017). Establishing Cooperative Extension Directions for Arizona Beef Producer Programs. Journal of the NACAA, 10(2).
• Greene, E. A., & Cross, D. (2017). In Memory: Judy G. Willard, Ph.D. (1945-2016). Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 52, 131.
• Greene, E. A., & Schmidt, J. (2017). Exploring Commonalities Between 4-H and Agricultural Programs in States with Unique Challenges.. The County Agent, LXXVIII(2), 2-4.
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2017). A new approach to biosecurity education: ‘Barn Smarts for Biosecurity: Tips for Keeping Your Horse Safe and Healthy. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 52, 124-125. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2017.03.213
• Greene, E. A., Hiney, K. M., Bailey, E. L., & Naile, T. (2017). Engaging Educating, and Involving Youth in Livestock/Equine Disaster Preparedness in Their Local Communities via National Collaborations in Program and Curricular Development. Proceedings of the 2017 Extension Disaster Education Network Annual Meeting, Moline, Illinois..
• Telatin, A., Franklin, J., Bargali, P., & Greene, E. A. (2017). A Pilot Study: Can Whip Use Changes to Improve Equine Welfare Have Unintended Consequences?. Proceedings of the 2017 International Society of Equitation Science 13th Annual Conference: ISES Down Under. Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia., 47.
• Telatin, A., Greene, E. A., & Kieschnick, C. (2017). Differential Reinforcement: an effective technique in horse training to decrease unwanted behaviors and improve horse welfare. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 52, 96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2017.03.142
• Wright, A. D., & Greene, E. A. (2017). Identifying Equine-Related Cooperative Extension Program Priorities in Arizona via a Statewide Survey. Journal of the NACAA, 10(2).
• Bott, R. C., Greene, E. A., Martinson, K. L., Mastellar, S. L., Swinker, A. M., Trottier, N. L., Westendorf, M. L., & Williams, C. A. (2016). Environmental Implications of Nitrogen Output on Horse Operations: A Review. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 45, 98-106. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2015.08.019
  More info

  Abstract Nutrients such as nitrogen (N), which go unused during the digestive process, are then excreted into the environment via urine, gas, or fecal matter. Excess N released in this manner may contribute to a reduction of the quality of air and groundwater sources. Many states have introduced or developed legislation mandating nutrient management plans on livestock operations to reduce environmental N losses. Strategies for reducing the environmental impacts of N on equine operations are twofold, including a reduction in N inputs and better management of N outputs. The practice of precision feeding, or feeding to accurately meet, but not exceed the nutrients requirements of an animal is a plausible method for reducing N inputs. This approach is not widely implemented, as feeding protein in excess of requirements is a common practice in the equine industry. Also, precision feeding is predicated on a body of data containing the nutrient availability and digestibility in different feed sources; data which are not fully elucidated in the horse. Management of N outputs on equine operations is largely based on data extrapolated from other livestock operations as well as a few preliminary efforts on horse farms. The potential impact of equine operations on N losses is explored in this review, shedding light on areas where further research and management strategies are needed.
• Bott, R. C., Greene, E. A., Martinson, K. L., Mastellar, S. L., Swinker, A. M., Trottier, N. L., Westendorf, M. L., Williams, C. A., & Woodward, A. D. (2016). Gastrointestinal Nitrogen Metabolism of Equids and Impact on Protein Requirement. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 45, 78-86. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2016.06.002
  More info

  Equids evolved grazing forage of low-protein and high-fiber content. However, present day horse feeding management typically consists of higher protein and less fiber, often exceeding protein requirements. The impact of feeding excessive proteins to equids on nitrogen (N) excretion and contamination of ground water is of particular concern and relevance in areas close to water ways. A review was prepared as part of an initiative by the USDA Multi-State project NE-1041 committee on “Environmental Impacts of Equine Operations” to build programs aimed at mitigating N excretion from equine feeding operations. This review presents information on dietary protein utilization in equids and identifies knowledge gaps for potential key future research areas to build upon. The review addresses the gastrointestinal (GIT) anatomy of equids with an emphasis of evolutionary dietary and anatomic adaptations. Challenges in assessment of protein quality of feeds are emphasized in particular in regard to the significance of prececal and postcecal protein digestibility and the contribution from hindgut N and amino acid (AA) metabolism and absorption. The need for greater understanding of GIT protein digestion processes, anatomic site of N and AA absorption, and systemic access to protein and AA digestibility estimates of equine feeds to refine current CP and generate AA requirement estimates is discussed.
• Greene, E. A., Wright, A. D., Wright, A. D., Ludwig, N., & Wright, A. D. (2016). Barn Smarts for Biosecurity: Tips for Keeping Your Horse Safe and Healthy. fast track.
• Pulec, K. E., Skelly, C., Brady, C. M., Greene, E. A., & Anderson, K. P. (2016). Effectiveness of Webinars as Educational Tools to Address Horse Industry Issues. The Journal of Extension, 54(3).
  More info

  A series of six webinars was developed and presented as part of an eXtension HorseQuest/My Horse University online educational program funded by the USA Equestrian Trust. The webinars addressed topics consistent with the goal of improving equine health and management practices through dissemination to horse owners of relevant research findings on current horse industry issues. The webinars were presented and recorded and then archived to both eXtension.org/horses and myhorseuniversity.com....
• Wright, A. D., Wright, A. D., Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2016). Rabies in Arizona: Equine Risk and Prevention. Fast Track.
  More info

  There is no good outcome for a horse or any other animal that contracts rabies; the disease is always fatal. While household pets are routinely vaccinated for rabies, many horse owners don’t consider the risk to their outdoor equine partners, nor the risk of transmission to themselves or their family. Rabies is not commonly found in horses in the United States (about forty cases per year across the country), but the potential risk of human exposure from even one infected horse is significant. The nonspecific early signs of infection can delay correct diagnosis and potentially expose handlers, caretakers, owners, veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and anyone else who handles the animal. Dr. Ann E. Dwyer, DVM reported that in one case of equine rabies she worked on more than 20 people involved with the horse required post exposure treatment. Even though the chance of your horse contracting rabies is small, the implications of a rabies infection that occurs in your barn are significant.
• Pulec, K. E., Anderson, K. P., Skelly, C., Brady, C. M., Mcintosh, B. J., Shelle, G. A., Greene, E. A., & Griffin, A. S. (2015). 149 Effectiveness of eXtension online webinars as educational tools for current horse industry issues. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 35(5), 447. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2015.03.162
• Bott, R. C., Greene, E. A., Martinson, K. L., Siciliano, P. D., Trottier, N. L., Burk, A. O., Koch, K. M., Swinker, A. M., & Williams, C. A. (2013). Production and Environmental Implications of Equine Grazing. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 33(12), 1031-1043. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2013.05.004
  More info

  Abstract Horses' physical and digestive well-being is often enhanced when allowed to graze on pastures. Furthermore, a well-managed pasture can contribute to economic viability. Grazing can however have deleterious effects on the environment if not properly managed. Although equine grazing, defecating, and ground trampling behavior is unique from that of other livestock species, pasture management practices are often based on those derived from cattle grazing. This review summarizes the current knowledge of impacts of equine grazing on pasture quality and environment and identifies gaps where further information is needed to formulate and recommend sustainable grazing methods specific to equine.
• Greene, E. A., Bott, R. C., Giguere, C., Martinson, K. L., & Swinker, A. M. (2013). Vermont Horses vs. Twisted Tomatoes: A Compost Case Study. Journal of the NACAA, 6(1).
• Greene, E. A., Heleski, C. R., Ralston, S. L., & Stull, C. L. (2013). Independent Observer Pilot Program: An objective evaluation method for determining humane handling and welfare during wild horse gathers. Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research, 8(2), e7. doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2012.12.017
• Heleski, C. R., Greene, E. A., Ralston, S. L., & Stull, C. L. (2013). Using an understanding of horse behavior to enhance the welfare of wild horse gathers: Observations of four designated observers. Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research, 8(2), e9-e10. doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2012.12.022
• Martinson, K. L., Bartholomay, T., Anderson, K. P., Skelly, C., & Greene, E. A. (2012). Effective Evaluation of Equine Extension Programs. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 32(10), 616-619. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2012.02.006
  More info

  Abstract Evaluation has become a more significant component of planning and delivering extension programs, as federal partners and granting agencies are requesting information on program and integrated grant outcomes, including participant learning gains, behavior change, and program-generated impacts. Effective evaluation of equine extension programs involves a balance between asking enough well-designed questions to obtain desired information and keeping the evaluation tool brief enough to encourage participant completion. For most faculties, the difficulty with evaluation lies in developing appropriate and useful questions. The objective of this article was to share examples of questions successfully used to evaluate six key equine extension program areas: participant demographics, program logistics, participant behavior change, participant knowledge gain, teaching effectiveness, and program impact. Data generated by postprogram evaluations can be a source of statistically sound information that can be shared with administration, stakeholders, and granting agencies. Extension personnel can use evaluation data to improve planning and delivery of extension programs and to demonstrate teaching ability and program impacts.
• Westendorf, M. L., Burk, A. O., Siciliano, P. D., Swinker, A. M., Greene, E. A., Bott, R. C., Martinson, K. L., Trottier, N. L., & Williams, C. A. (2012). Environmental Impacts of Equine Operations: A U.S. Department of Agriculture Multistate Project. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 32(6), 324-326. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2011.12.001
  More info

  Abstract The U.S. Department of Agriculture supports agricultural research by encouraging the formation of multidisciplinary and multi-institutional teams. Project teams focus on agricultural issues related to profitability and economic and environmental sustainability. Recently, a U.S. Department of Agriculture project to study the impact of equine management and feeding practices on the environment was approved. The project, “NE-1041: Environmental Impacts of Equine Operations,” is a Northeast regional project but includes research and extension faculty from across the country. The project team includes representatives from Alabama, Connecticut, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Vermont. The goal of this project is to incorporate the best available data on horse management and feeding practices, manure storage and disposal, pasture and cropping management, soil and environmental quality, erosion control, and farm management practices to minimize negative impacts of equine operations on the environment. The specific objectives of the project are to assess existing data on environmental impacts of equine operations, identify gaps in current knowledge, conduct research when data are lacking or nonexistent, and incorporate existing and newly generated data into a systematic description of nutrient flow in soil, water, and air occurring on horse farms. Estimates will be made of pathogen transports and nitrogen (N)-, phosphorus (P)-, potassium (K)-, and energy (carbon)-loss potentials. In addition to identifying system-wide losses on equine farms, another goal of the project is to assist farmers and agricultural professionals in determining the value of equine management practices and other accepted best management practices.
• Anderson, K. P., Greene, E. A., & Martinson, K. L. (2011). Assessing the Impact and Usefulness of eXtension Horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 31(5), 345-346. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.188
• Greene, E. A., Heleski, C. R., Ralston, S. L., & Stull, C. L. (2011). Academic Assessment of Equine Welfare During the Gather Process of the Bureau of Land Management's Wild Horse and Burro Program. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 31(5), 352-353. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.198
• Scherer-hoock, A. L., Greene, E. A., Lennox, M., & Brown-douglas, C. (2011). A Comparison of Actual and Suggested Digestible Energy Intakes of Miniature Horses Derived from Different Feeding Recommendations. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 31(4), 180-184. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2011.02.007
  More info

  Abstract Despite being largely studied as models of equine nutrition, few published data exist on actual nutritional requirements of Miniature horses. Small equines are particularly prone to obesity, insulin resistance, and the metabolic disorders for which these are risk factors. Improper feed rationing, overfeeding in particular, puts horses at risk for these metabolic problems. Feed manufacturers, however, generally supply feeding recommendations for horses weighing ≥360 kg, whereas the average Miniature horse weighs around 100 kg. Lack of nutritional guidelines for small equines makes it difficult for owners to properly estimate the amount of hay and grain to feed their Miniature horse. The purpose of this study was to determine whether feeding recommendations provided by feed manufacturers for average-sized horses could be linearly extrapolated to Miniature horses. This study surveyed nutritional management of 12 mature Miniature horses that represented the ideal body condition of the breed. Each horse’s hay, grain, and pasture intake was recorded and the average daily digestible energy (DE) intake was calculated from those data. The daily DE intake of the surveyed horses was compared with the extrapolated recommendations published by several different sources. When linearly extrapolated to fit the body weight of a Miniature horse, recommendations significantly (P
• Wilson, K., Heyboer, G., Greene, E. A., & Waite, K. L. (2011). Survey of Adult Volunteer Horse Leaders for the Development of an Online Equine Education Program. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 31(5), 344. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.186
• Greene, E. A., Balch, S. G., Raub, R. H., & Gaughn, E. (2010). The effect of moderate exercise on equine muscle satellite cells in vitro. Equine Veterinary Journal, 27(S18), 218-222. doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04923.x
  More info

  Summary Twelve weanling Quarter Horses were divided randomly into 2 groups; exercised (EX) and non-exercised (NONEX). The EX horses were divided randomly into 2 groups subjected to either a 15-day or 30-day exercise protocol and weanlings were exercised at a brisk trot (3 m/s) on a high speed treadmill. Muscle satellite cells were obtained by surgical biopsy from the biceps femoris at the conclusion of exercise protocols. Time course studies were used to examine the main effects of exercise on proliferation and differentiation of equine satellite cells (ESC) in vitro. No differences occurred between proliferation and differentiation of cells from 15- or 30-day EX and NONEX treatments. In a second experiment, the ability of serum from EX or NONEX horses to stimulate proliferation or differentiation of ESC in vitro was examined. Serum had a significant effect on both proliferation and differentiation. During Days 3 and 5 in culture, serum from EX weanling horses increased (P 0.10) existed between serum sources. From Days 3–7, satellite cells cultured in serum from EX horses had greater (P
• Greene, E. A., Griffin, A. S., Whittle, J., Williams, C. A., Howard, A. B., & Anderson, K. P. (2010). Development and usage of eXtension's HorseQuest: an online resource.. Journal of animal science, 88(8), 2829-37. doi:10.2527/jas.2010-2810
  More info

  eXtension (pronounced e-extension) is an online resource transforming how faculty can collaborate and deliver equine education. As the first Community of Practice launched from eXtension, HorseQuest (HQ) offers free, interactive, peer-reviewed, online resources on a variety of equine-related topics at http://www.extension.org. This group has adapted traditional educational content to the online environment to maximize search engine optimization, to be more discoverable and relevant in the online world. This means that HQ resources are consistently being found on the first page of search results. Also, by researching key words searched by Internet users, HQ has guided new content direction and determined potential webcast topics based on relevance and frequency of those searches. In addition to establishing good search engine optimization, HQ has been utilizing the viral networking aspect of YouTube by uploading clips of existing equine educational videos to YouTube. HorseQuest content appears in mainstream media, is passed on by the user, and helps HQ effectively reach their community of interest (horse enthusiasts). HorseQuest partners with My Horse University to produce webcasts that combine concise knowledge exchange via a scripted presentation with viewer chat and incoming questions. HorseQuest has produced and published content including 12 learning modules, 8 webchats, 21 webcasts, and 572 videos segments. After the official public launch, there was a steady increase in average number of visits/mo and average page views/mo over the 26-mo period. These regressions show a statistically significant increase in visits (P < 0.001) of approximately 450 visits per month and a significant increase in page views (P = 0.004) of about 373 page views per month. HorseQuest is a resource for several state 4-H advancement and competition programs and will continue to be incorporated into traditional extension programs, while reaching and affecting global audiences.
• Leahy, E. R., Burk, A. O., Greene, E. A., & Williams, C. A. (2010). Nutrition-associated problems facing elite level three-day eventing horses.. Equine veterinary journal. Supplement, 42(38), 370-4. doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00233.x
  More info

  The main goal of feeding elite 3-day event horses is to deliver nutrients in optimal amounts to allow the horse to maximize its health and performance. However, improper nutritional management and/or physiological stressors related to intense training and competition may increase the risk of nutrition-associated disorders in these horses. An understanding of the nutrition-associated problems contributing to poor performance is critical to the health and welfare of the horse..To characterize the nutrition-associated problems affecting top level 3-day event horses during 2008..Contact information for riders competing in the 2 highest levels of 3-day eventing in 2008 was obtained from the United States Eventing Association. A survey containing 10 questions pertaining to participant demographics and nutrition-associated problems experienced by their horses was mailed and e-mailed to the 81 individuals fitting our criteria of living in USA and Canada. Data was collected in April and May 2009..Twenty-nine of 81 riders completed the survey (35.8%). Respondents rode a total of 45 horses in top level 3-day events in 2008. The top 5 nutrition-associated problems that horses faced at a significantly higher level than the other problems (P < 0.0001) were gastric ulcers (42.2%), joint problems (37.7%), decreased appetite (31.1%), weight loss (31.1%) and hyperexcitability (22.2%). There was no significant difference in frequency of problems between home and competition (P = 0.22)..Horses competing at a high level of 3-day eventing in 2008 were at risk of reduced performance given the significant rate of gastric ulcers, decreased appetite and weight loss. Research addressing specific causes of and/or feeding management changes that would reduce the incidence of these problems in these horses is needed to ensure optimal health and performance.
• Greene-, E. A., Whittle, J. L., Griffin, A. S., Wood, C. H., Williams, C. A., Anderson, K. P., & Greene, E. A. (2009). Using Web 2.0 Technology (YouTube) to Reach Extension Clientele. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 29(5), 439-440. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2009.04.135
• Scherer-hoock-, A. L., Greene, E. A., Lennox, M., & Brown-douglas, C. (2009). A Comparison of Actual and Recommended Digestible Energy Intakes Derived from Differing Feeding Standards for Miniature Horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 29(5), 482-483. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2009.04.174
• Greene, E. A., & Monti, A. (2008). Rating current Vermont equine industry issues and determining if motivation for participation in change efforts exists. The Journal of Extension, 46(2).
  More info

  UVM Extension has played a key role in reaching beyond agricultural circles to develop public awareness regarding the statewide economic impact and importance of the equine industry. In order to continue supporting industry growth, UVM Extension surveyed the areas of current concern for industry participants. Survey results indicate that the current issues of greatest concern to participants were in the areas of insurance and liability, horse park/facilities, land use policies, trail systems, and agricultural use (of land). This project demonstrates a method that can be utilized in any Extension program to identify critical issues and/or to evaluate program effectiveness. Copyright © by Extension Journal, Inc.
• Greene, E. A. (2007). Tools to help horse owners deal with muddy high-traffic areas. The Journal of Extension, 45(6).
• Greene, E. A. (2006). Effective use of community partnerships to maximize impact. The Journal of Extension, 44(5).
• Ather, J. L., & Greene, E. A. (2005). Promoting biosecurity in the Equine community: A new resource for extension educators and the equine industry. The Journal of Extension, 43(1).
• Greene, E. A., & Trott, J. F. (2004). The Self-Guided Horse Facility Analysis: A proactive safety education tool for equine facilities. The Journal of Extension, 42(6).
• Dawson, J. Z., & Greene, E. A. (2002). Secure SeatSM: A safe and systematic approach to teaching riding. The Journal of Extension, 40(4).
  More info

  One of the major concepts that Secure SeatSM teaches is to avoid interfering with the natural movement of the horse. By learning to move with the horse, maintaining a low center of gravity, and being flexible over a stable lower leg, the rider allows the horse to have more natural and comfortable movement. A comfortable horse will be naturally happier and therefore safer for both the horse and its rider.
• Byrne, K. M., Cheng, X., Erickson, S., Greene, E. A., Dodson, M. V., Duckett, S. K., & Vierck, J. L. (1998). Use of a 96-well plate reader to evaluate proliferation of equine satellite cell clones in vitro. Methods in Cell Science, 19(4), 311-316. doi:10.1023/a:1009774914564
  More info

  We have adapted a methylene blue staining assay to measure proliferation of equine satellite cell clones in a 96-well format. This technique allows rapid and accurate measurement of proliferating satellite cells which is a considerable enhancement over manual counting methods. Methylene blue is incorporated into the nuclei and intracellular matrix of satellite cells and then released into the aqueous phase. Absorbance of stained cells is read at 620 nm and correlates with increasing numbers of cells (range tested from 1 × 103 to 4 × 104). This method was used to determine the response of equine satellite cells to FGF, both human recombinant and bovine, and to IGF-1. This format is very efficient in measuring and comparing the proliferation of equine satellite cells. However, fusion of cells to form multinucleated myotubes cannot be assayed using this method because it lacks the sensitivity and specificity to differentiate multinucleated from mononucleated cells, and to detect expression of myogenic proteins. The assay could be accurately applied from 0 to 144 hours, before significant fusion and differentiation takes place. Using this assay will reduce analysis time to quantitate the proliferation response of equine satellite cells to different growth factors.
• Stewart, N. T., Foss, M., Carraro, U., Cantini, M., Vierck, J. L., Chen, Y., Greene, E. A., Dodson, M. V., & Byrne, K. M. (1997). Muscle regeneration is modulated by satellite cell-macrophage interactions at the site of muscle injury: Prospective clinical applications. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 17(4), 172-219. doi:10.1016/s0737-0806(97)80528-x
• Greene, E. A., Smith, K. R., Pendergraft, J. S., Raub, R. H., & Arns, M. J. (1993). Technical note: equine skeletal preservation techniques to enhance teaching effectiveness.. Journal of animal science, 71(8), 2270-4. doi:10.2527/1993.7182270x
  More info

  When the decision was made to euthanatize an acutely laminitic Thoroughbred broodmare, graduate students from the Department of Animal Sciences and Industry reconstructed the skeleton for use as a teaching tool. The reproductive and gastrointestinal tracts were removed and preserved in formalin. The hide, muscle, tendons, ligaments, and organs were removed, and the bones were boiled in water for > or = 48 h to remove all remaining tissue. After boiling, the bones were soaked in gasoline to remove fat from the marrow cavities and then soaked in a bleach/detergent mixture as a final cleaning step. The bones were allowed to dry for several weeks, then a semi-gloss clear lacquer was applied to aid in preservation. The bones were connected with 17-gauge wire and supported by two 1.91-cm galvanized steel rods on a mobile platform. The vertebral column was aligned on flexible copper tube with a 1.27-cm diameter. Additional support was provided for the head and neck by aluminum and steel rods extending from the front support. The final product is a complete, mobile skeleton that will be used as a teaching aid in equine classes. The skeleton serves a function for all levels of the cognitive learning domain. Examples of applications include memorization, identification, and location of bones; use in case studies for synthesis and demonstration of brainstorming efforts; and evaluation of joint ailments for more advanced levels of learning.
• Greene, E. A., & Raub, R. H. (1992). Procedures for harvesting satelite cells from equine skeletal muscle. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 12(1), 33-35. doi:10.1016/s0737-0806(06)81383-3
  More info

  Summary The objective of this study was to determine if equine muscle satellite cells (ESC) could be harvested, stored, and cultured in vitro using techniques established previously. Gluteus medius muscles of Quarter Horse yearlings, dissected free of connective and adipose tissue, were rinsed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and minced by hand. Minced tissue was weighed, transferred into sterile centrifuge tubes (approximately 30 g per tube), and incubated in pr0nase (1 mg/ml in PBS) at 37°C for 60 minutes to liberate satellite cells. Centrifuge tubes were agitated manually at 15-minute intervals to ensure adequate exposure to pronase. Following the incubation, cells were pelleted by differential centrifugation. Equine satellite cells were separated from fibroblasts by a 2-hour incubation in McCoys 5A medium (containing 10% horse serum) in uncoated 144 mm 2 culture dishes. The satellite cell suspension was drawn off and cells pelleted by centrifugation (1600 x g). Equine satellite cells were resuspended in McCoys 5A medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and frozen in liquid nitrogen in 3-ml aliquots. To ensure success in procedures to liberate ESC from muscle, thawed ESC were cultured in 24-well plates in McCoys 5A medium containing 10% horse serum and maintained in a humidified atmosphere of 95% 0 2 and 5% CO 2 . After 24 hours, cultures were washed three times with McCoys medium containing 1% antibiotic antimycotic to remove cellular debris and dimethyl sulfoxide. Cells were monitored and fed every other day for the first week in culture. Thereafter, culture medium was changed less frequently to allow serum to become depleted and differentiation to occur. Equine satellite cells were able to proliferate, differentiate and form myotubes in culture. Thus, this methodology seems appropriate to study ESC.
• Allen, R. E., & Greene, E. A. (1991). Growth factor regulation of bovine satellite cell growth in vitro.. Journal of animal science, 69(1), 146-52. doi:10.2527/1991.691146x
  More info

  This study examined the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on the proliferation and differentiation of primary bovine satellite cells (BSC) in vitro. Individually, these three factors had the following effects on satellite cells: bFGF stimulated proliferation (P less than .01) but inhibited differentiation (P less than .05); IGF-I had no effect on proliferation but stimulated differentiation (P less than .01); and TGF-beta inhibited both proliferation and differentiation (P less than .01). When combined, the following effects were observed: maximum stimulation of proliferation (P less than .01) occurred in the presence of bFGF and IGF-I and differentiation was not stimulated; TGF-beta and bFGF continued to inhibit differentiation (P less than .01), but in the presence of bFGF, TGF-beta stimulated proliferation (P less than .01). No stimulation was observed in the presence of TGF-beta and IGF-I. Bovine satellite cells respond to these three growth factors that have been shown to regulate the activity of other myogenic cells, and in most instances, the responses among cells from various species are similar. These experiments indicate that the interactions of growth factors may be critical in regulating bovine satellite cell activity.
• Allen, R. E., Boxhorn, L. K., Greene, E. A., Johnson, S. E., Pierce, P. R., Rankin, L. L., & Taylor, R. G. (1991). Desmin is present in proliferating rat muscle satellite cells but not in bovine muscle satellite cells.. Journal of cellular physiology, 149(3), 525-35. doi:10.1002/jcp.1041490323
  More info

  The presence of desmin was characterized in cultured rat and bovine satellite cells and its potential usefulness as a marker for identifying satellite cells in vitro was evaluated. In primary cultures, positive immunohistochemical staining for desmin and skeletal muscle myosin was observed in rat and bovine myotubes. A small number of mononucleated cells (20% of rat satellite cells and 5% of bovine satellite cells) were myosin-positive, indicative of post-mitotic differentiated myocytes. In bovine satellite cell cultures 13% of the mononucleated cells were desmin-positive, while 84% of the mononucleated cells in rat satellite cell cultures were desmin-positive. Rat satellite cell mass cultures and bovine satellite cell clonal density cultures were pulsed with 3H-thymidine, and autoradiographic data revealed that greater than 94% of dividing rat cells were desmin-positive, suggesting that desmin is synthesized in proliferating rat satellite cells. However, no desmin was seen in cells that incorporated labeled thymidine in bovine satellite cell clones. Analysis of clonal density cultures revealed that only 14% of the mononucleated cells in bovine satellite cell colonies were desmin-positive, whereas 98% of the cells in rat satellite cell colonies were desmin-positive. Fibroblast colonies from both species were desmin-negative. In order to further examine the relationship between satellite cell differentiation and desmin expression, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was added to culture medium at the time of plating to inhibit differentiation. Fusion was inhibited in rat and bovine cultures, and cells continued to divide. Very few desmin-positive cells were found in bovine cultures, but greater than 90% of the cells in rat cultures stained positive for desmin. The presence of desmin and sarcomeric myosin was also evaluated in regenerating rat tibialis anterior five days after bupivacaine injection. In regenerating areas of the muscle many desmin-positive cells were present, and only a few cells stained positive for skeletal muscle myosin. Application of desmin staining to rat satellite cell growth assays indicated that rat satellite cells cultured in serum-containing medium were contaminated with fibroblasts at levels that ranged from approximately 5% in 24 hr cultures to 15% in mature cultures. In defined medium 4 day cultures contain approximately 95% to 98% desmin-positive satellite cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Proceedings Publications

• Greene, E. A. (2018, June). Positive Program Exposure: The Horn “Un-Toot-Eth". In National Association of Equine Affiliated Academics Conference.
• Greene, E. A., Wright, A. D., Knight, C. W., & Diaz, D. (2018, September). Shade use by horses in the arid southwest. In 14th International Society for Equitation Science Conference.

Presentations

• Greene, E. A., Thompson, A. B., & Beard, J. (2022, October). ALIRT BOLO: A new rapid communication tool for livestock owners about emerging diseases and toxic plants threatening the health and safety of their animals. Chad Reid NACAA PIC Western Regional Meeting. Tucson, AZ: National Association of County Agricultural Agents.
• Greene, E. A. (2021, November). STEM in Agriculture. At Arizona 4-H STEM Adult Experience. Maricopa County Extension Office, Phoenix, AZ.
• Greene, E. A., & Smarsh, D. (2020, June/Summer). “Using infographics to engage audiences on social media about horse care and management.”. National Association of Equine Affiliated Academics Annual Conference. Salt Lake City, UT.
  More info

  Meeting Cancelled due to COVID-19Accepted for 2021 meetings
• Greene, E. A., & Smarsh, D. (2021, June/Summer). “Using infographics to engage audiences on social media about horse care and management.”. National Association of Equine Affiliated Academics Annual Conference. virtual.
  More info

  Meeting Cancelled due to COVID-19 and shifted to 2021 meeting.
• Hein, W., Gunderson, R., Wilkins, R., Bailey, E., & Greene, E. A. (2020, October). Don’t Fence Me In: ExtensionHorses.org, Your connection to new resources (Round Table Discussion). National Association of Extension 4-H Youth Development Programs. Boise, ID: NAE4HYDP.
• Hiney, K., Waite, K., & Greene, E. A. (2021, May/Spring). “Moooving Media: Utilizing Podcasts to educate and entertain”.. Workshop at 2021 Dairy Cattle Welfare Symposium. Syracuse, NY.
  More info

  Invited Workshop moved to May 2021 due to COVID-19
• Walsh, M. E., Reed, D. L., Wright, A. D., & Greene, E. A. (2021, June). The Southern Arizona Equine Health Symposium: Impacts on extension program reach and the change to a virtual event.. 2021 Equine Science Society Virtual Symposium. Virtual: Equine Science Society.
• Hein, W., Gunderson, R., Wilkins, R., Bailey, E., & Greene, E. A. (2020, October/Fall). Don’t Fence Me In: ExtensionHorses.org, Your connection to new resources (Round Table Discussion).. National Association of Extension 4-H Youth Development Programs. Boise, ID.
  More info

  Meeting moved to Virtual Format due to COVID-19
• Greene, E. A., & Hiney, K. (2019, June). Biosecurity in Agriculture. 2019 Annual New England Agriculture Teachers Summer Conference. Marlboro, MA.
• Greene, E. A., & Hiney, K. (2019, June). SCRUB: Science Creates Real Understanding of Biosecurity (Hands on Lab). 2019 MAVA Connecting for Success Conference. Marlboro, MA.
• Greene, E. A., & Hiney, K. (2019, March). Fun with a new Teaching Tool: SCRUB (Science Creates Real Understanding of Biosecurity) Kit.. American Youth Horse Council. Pullman WA/Moscow, ID: Washington State University/University of Idaho.
• Greene, E. A., Melchior, M., & Alden, E. A. (2019, March). “Equine Vaccination Clinic and Education.”. Equine Vaccination Event. 4-H/Ag Building Peach Springs, AZ: Hualapai FRTEP.
• Greene, E. A., Waite, K., & Hiney, K. (2019, June). Hands On Podcasting for Equine Teaching and Extension Workshop. Hands On Podcasting for Equine Teaching and Extension. Ashlville, NC.
• Greene, E. A., Wright, A. D., Knight, C. W., & Diaz, D. (2019, June). Daily activity and shade use by horses in a desert environment. 2019 Equine Science Symposium. Ashville, NC.
• Greene, E. A. (2018, December). Equine Body Condition Scoring (BCS). Hualapai and Mohave County Livestock Workshop. Peach Springs, AZ: UA Cooperative Extension and Hualapai Department of Natural Resources.
• Greene, E. A. (2018, December). Equine Nutrition. Hualapai and Mohave County Livestock Workshop. Peach Springs, AZ: UA Cooperative Extension and Hualapai Department of Natural Resources.
• Greene, E. A. (2018, January). “Disaster Planning: Not if, but WHEN…”. Southern Arizona Equine Health Care Symposium. Tucson, AZ: UA Equine Extension and Southern Arizona Equine Health Care Council.
• Greene, E. A. (2018, June). Positive Program Exposure: The Horn “Un-Toot-Eth". National Association of Equine Affiliated Academics Conference. Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX.
• Greene, E. A., Blalock, C., Jenkins, J., Rees, J., & Clemmons, J. (2018, July). “Growing Leaders: Developing the Leader in You” Panel Discussion. Leadership Development Program (Invited). National Association of County Agricultural Agents Annual Meeting and Professional Improvement Conference.. Chattanooga, TN: National Association of County Agricultural Agents Educational Foundation.
• Greene, E. A., Martinez, C. L., & Dixon, D. L. (2018, October). AZ Cooperative Extension Fusion Project: Fostering interdisciplinary collaboration using variations of Speed Dating and Telephone. JCEP Leadership Conference. Orlando, FL: Joint Council of Extension Professionals (JCEP).
• Greene, E. A., Wright, A. D., & Pearson, A. (2018, January). “Toxic Plants: Identification, Avoidance, and Treatment in Horses”. Southern Arizona Equine Health Care Symposium. Tucson, AZ: UA Equine Extension and Southern Arizona Equine Health Care Council.
• Greene, E. A., Wright, A. D., Knight, C. W., & Diaz, D. (2018, September). Shade use by horses in the arid southwest. 14th International Society for Equitation Science Conference. Rome, Italy: International Society for Equitation Science.
• Wright, A. D., & Greene, E. A. (2018, January). “Back to Basics: Prevent Injuries with Horse Handling Tips and Tricks”.. Southern Arizona Equine Health Care Symposium. Tucson, AZ: UA Equine Extension and Southern Arizona Equine Health Care Council.
• Greene, E. A. (2017, August). Risks and Preventions in Horse Facilities”. Guest lecture in Architecture Design Class. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
• Greene, E. A. (2017, February). Recommended Vaccinations for AZ horses and University of Arizona equine extension resources. Annual Livestock District Meeting for Hualapai Tribal Ranchers. Peach Springs, AZ.
• Greene, E. A. (2017, January). Barn Smarts for Biosecurity. Southern Arizona Equine Health Care Symposium. Tucson, AZ: UA Cooperative Extension/Reata Vet Clinic/Adobe Vet Clinic.
• Greene, E. A. (2017, January). Understanding Hay Quality Chemical Analysis. Southern Arizona Equine Health Care Symposium. Tucson, AZ: UA Cooperative Extension/Reata Vet Clinic/Adobe Vet Clinic.
• Greene, E. A. (2017, July). Body Condition Scoring for Good Health. Song of the Horse Day Camp. Page, AZ: Navajo Nation.
• Greene, E. A. (2017, July). Health and Anatomy. Song of the Horse Day Camp. Page, AZ: Navajo Nation.
• Greene, E. A. (2017, July). Horse Breeds. Song of the Horse Day Camp. Page, AZ: Navajo Nation.
• Greene, E. A. (2017, June). In Memoriam: Dr. Judy Willard. Equine Science Society Annual Banquet.. Minneapolis, MN: Equine Science Society.
• Greene, E. A. (2017, March). Equine Vaccinations and Supplementation. Range Livestock Nutrition Workshop Series. Safford, Holbrook, and Kingman, AZ..
• Greene, E. A. (2017, May). Equine Supplements: Science or Fluff?. Navajo Nation Equine Expo. Window Rock, Arizona.
• Greene, E. A. (2017, May). he Equine Digestive Tract: Better Management Through Better Understanding. Navajo Nation Equine Expo. Window Rock, Arizona.
• Greene, E. A. (2017, November). Arizona Equine Extension Programming. 4-H In-Service. Phoenix, AZ.
• Greene, E. A. (2017, October). Biosecurity at home and on the road. Equine Wellness Certification: 3 Part Educational Series. Queen Creek, AZ: Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health.
• Greene, E. A., & Rippee, C. (2017, January). Equine Body Condition Scoring. Southern Arizona Equine Health Care Symposium. Tucson, AZ: UA Cooperative Extenstion/Reata Vet Clinic/Adobe Vet Clinic.
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2017, January). Physical Hay Quality Evaluation. Southern Arizona Equine Health Care Symposium. Tucson, AZ: UA Cooperative Extension/Reata Vet Clinic/Adobe Vet Clinic.
• Greene, E. A., Martinez, C. L., & Dixon, D. L. (2017, October). AZ Cooperative Extension Fusion Project: Fostering interdisciplinary collaboration using variations of Speed Dating and Telephone. JCEP Leadership Conference. Orlando, FL: Joint Council of Extension Professionals (JCEP).

Poster Presentations

• Farrell, G., Farrell, G., Greene, E. A., Greene, E. A., Brawley, N. Q., Brawley, N. Q., Beard, J., Beard, J., Sekaquaptewa, S. K., Sekaquaptewa, S. K., Kinlicheenie, K. L., Kinlicheenie, K. L., Alamban, A. P., Alamban, A. P., Alden, E. A., Alden, E. A., Arias, J. M., & Arias, J. M. (2022, August). TRIBAL LIVESTOCK/HORSE EXTENSION PROGRAMS IN ARIZONA(Navajo, San Carlos, Hualapai, CRIT, & Hopi Tribes). UACE Conference. Tucson: UACE Programs.
  More info

  Tribal extension agents, horse and livestock specialists, and two livestock extension have developed and worked together on a multifaceted Tribal Extension program to care for horses and livestock utilizing good stewardship methods for animals, land, and even humans to meet the needs of the tribal ranchers, families, and youth.
• Alden, E., Moore, G., Farrell, G., Arias, J., Alamban, A., Carlisle, A., Sekaquaptewa, S., Dennison, K., Pettigrew, D., Munoz, E., Teegerstrom, T., Gardner Smith, J., & Greene, E. A. (2019, March). Arizona Federally Recognized Tribal Extension Program (FRTEP): Who, What, Where?. Agriculture, Life and Veterinary Science and Cooperative Extension Poster Forum. Tucson: Agriculture, Life and Veterinary Science.
• Greene, E. A. (2019, June). Sand Concentration in Fecal Matter of Horses from Different Housing Backgrounds.. Western Section of American Society of Animal Science Meetings. Boise, ID.
• Greene, E. A., Todd, M., Jeffers-Sample, A., & Carstens, R. (2019, September).

  Changing Reins: AZ 4-H Horse Programs Gallop Into The Future

  . National Association of County Agriculture Agents Annual Meeting. Fort Wayne, Indiana.
• Greene, E. A., Todd, M., Jeffers-Sample, A., & Carstens, R. (2019, September). Changing Reins: AZ 4-H Horse Programs Gallop Into The Future. National Association of County Agriculture Agents Annual Meeting. Fort Wayne, Indiana.
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2017, June). A new approach to biosecurity education: ‘Barn Smarts for Biosecurity: Tips for Keeping Your Horse Safe and Healthy. Equine Science Society Meetings. Minneapolis, MN: Equine Science Society.
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2017, March). Identifying Equine-Related Cooperative Extension Program Priorities via a Statewide Survey.. University of Arizona CALS Poster Forum.
• Diaz, D., Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2016, October). Statewide survey asa tool for identifying dairy-related cooperative extension program priorities for the state of Arizona. NACAA Western Region Conference. Kailua-Kona Hawaii: NACAA.
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2016, May). Identifying Equine-Related Cooperative Extension Program Priorities via a Statewide Survey. 2016 Western Region National Association of County Agricultural Agents AM/PIC. Kona, HI: Western Region National Association of County Agricultural Agents.
  More info

  Abstract submission for 2016 Western Region NACAA Annual Meeting/Professional Improvement Conference

Reviews

• Bott, R. C., Greene, E. A., Trottier, N. L., Williams, C. A., Westendorf, M. L., Swinker, A. M., Mastellar, S. L., & Martinson, K. L. (2016. Environmental implications of nitrogen output on horse operations: A Review.
  More info

  This is the first of two companion reviews from the NE 1441 Environmental Impacts of Equine Operations research group.
• Trottier, N. L., Bott, R. C., Woodward, A., Greene, E. A., Williams, C. A., Westendorf, M. L., Swinker, A. M., Mastellar, S. L., & Martinson, K. (2016. Gastrointestinal Nitrogen Metabolism of Equids and Impact on Protein Requirement.
  More info

  The second of a set of companion reviews related to the efforts of our NE 1441 Environmental Impact of Equine Operations research group.

Creative Productions

• Alden, E. A., & Greene, E. A. (2020. AZ 4-H Ag at Home Series: “How to Make Hand Sanitizer at Your Home”. (9:01). online. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bU1vHvazOY8&t=313s
  More info

  Videographer and Producer (50%)
• Arias, J. M., & Greene, E. A. (2020. AZ 4-H Ag at Home Series: “DIY: Watering Container”. (4:43). online video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzNk-8fZ7Y4&feature=youtu.be
  More info

  Director (10%)
• Arias, J. M., & Greene, E. A. (2020. AZ 4-H Ag at Home Series: “Pumpkin: Planting Basics”. (3:19). online video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUtYup2nPSI
  More info

  Director (10%)
• Farrell, G., & Greene, E. A. (2020. AZ 4-H Ag at Home Series: “Deworming Your Horse”. (5:43). online. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCh7m6TZiRM
  More info

  Videographer and Producer (50%)
• Farrell, G., & Greene, E. A. (2020. AZ 4-H Ag at Home Series: “The Significance of Horses to the Navajo People”. (21:03). online video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EeYf9OVXMb8
  More info

  Videographer and Producer (50%)
• Farrell, G., & Greene, E. A. (2020. “Haltering your Horse: Training Tips for Developing Trust”. (9:16). online. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1IKXvTFbS4&t=3s
  More info

  Videographer and Producer (50%)
• Greene, E. A. (2020. AZ 4-H Ag at Home Video Series: “Informed Arizona Equestrian: Tying a quick release knot”. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbRwWMrtM4o
  More info

  (2:46) Videographer and Producer (65%)
• Greene, E. A. (2020. “AZ 4-H Ag at Home Graphic for Virtual 4-H Programming during COVID-19 (and beyond)”. website.
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2020. AZ 4-H Ag at Home Series: “The Informed Arizona Equestrian: Grooming Your Horse”. (22:45). online video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whEMRFwUdpQ&t=91s
  More info

  Presenter, Videographer, and Producer (80%)
• Wright, A. D., & Greene, E. A. (2020. AZ 4-H Ag at Home Series: "How to Make a Nipple Drinker for the Chick Brooder”. (12:57). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWX-L0Z1o9o&t=2s
  More info

  Videographer and Producer (50%)

Other Teaching Materials

• Greene, E. A., & Arias, J. (2020. San Carlos Apache Rancher Resource Guide. ESIP Funded.
  More info

  This notebook contains UArizona Cooperative Extension publications on horse and cattle health, diseases, and management. It was a product resulting from the ESIP Grant (Arias and Greene) for San Carlos Apache Ranchers.
• Greene, E. A., & Smith, J. (2019. Biosecurity with the ADBCAP Education Team. https://futurumcareers.com/Julie_Smith_activity-sheet.pdf.
  More info

  Activity Sheet to go with sister publication

Others

• Greene, E. A., Brawley, N. Q., Wright, A. D., Arias, J. M., & Beard, J. (2021, August). The How and Why of Calf Castration. Fast Track video publication. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCssuTQrxds
  More info

  This video was made in response to needed resources for tribal ranchers in Arizona for a common ranching practice, castration of calves. This educational video discusses the reasons for castration as well as using a veterinarian to demonstrate two common methods ranchers use, with extra explanations on the anatomy and the processes.
• Greene, E. A., Wright, A. D., & Kinlicheenie, K. L. (2021, May). Supplemental Poster (Navajo): “Barn Smarts for Biosecurity: Tips for Keeping Your Horse Safe and Healthy”.. Fast Track Extension Poster. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/horse-biosecurity-poster-navajo.pdf
  More info

  The intent of this article is to inject a little humor while providing key common sense tips on Biosecurity. Each tip is accompanied by an easy to remember theme and cartoon.
• Greene, E. A. (2020, April). “Tips for Safe Desert Riding”. (The Informed Arizona Equestrian Horse Health Series). UArizona Cooperative Extension. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1816-2020.pdf
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2020, February). Supplemental Poster (Spanish): “Barn Smarts for Biosecurity: Tips for Keeping Your Horse Safe and Healthy”. (The Informed Arizona Equestrian Horse Health Series).. UArizona Cooperative Extension. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/horse-biosecurity-poster-spanish.pdf
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2020, March 2020). How to Make a Nipple Drinker for the Chick Brooder (12:57). AZ 4-H Ag at Home YouTube Channel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWX-L0Z1o9o&t=2s
• Greene, E. A., Hiney, K., Armstrong, C., Fabus, T., & Dirkschneider, K. (2020, April). “Covid Tales Part 3: The Stories of How Barns Stay Safe Successfully Podcast”. Tack Box Talk: Horse Stories with a Purpose series.. Podcast. http://“Covid Tales Part 3: The Stories of How Barns Stay Safe Successfully Podcast”. Tack Box Talk: Horse Stories with a Purpose series.
  More info

  Organizer...
• Greene, E. A., Hiney, K., Reece, C., & vanHarraveld, P. (2020, April). “Covid Tales Part 2: The Story of How Veterinarians are Coping Podcast”. Tack Box Talk: Horse Stories with a Purpose series. podcast. https://www.buzzsprout.com/242373/3333889-covid-tales-part-2-the-story-of-how-veterinarians-are-coping
• Hiney, K., Fahrini, O., & Greene, E. A. (2020, March). “Be Patient! What a Farrier and Trainer Can Share with the Horse World”. Tack Box Talk: Horse Stories with a Purpose series.. Podcast. https://www.buzzsprout.com/242373/2970859-be-patient-what-a-farrier-and-trainer-can-share-with-the-horse-world
  More info

  Organizer
• Hiney, K., Greene, E. A., & Hein, W. (2020, February). “To Lease or Not to Lease: The Story of Foxy and Lady”. Tack Box Talk: Horse Stories with a Purpose series.. podcast. https://www.buzzsprout.com/242373/2520748-to-lease-or-not-to-lease-the-story-of-foxy-and-lady
• Hiney, K., Greene, E. A., & Pearson, A. (2020, February). “Spines, Snakes, and Killer Bees: Stories of Riding in the Arizona Desert”. Tack Box Talk: Horse Stories with a Purpose series.. Podcast. https://www.buzzsprout.com/242373/2745904-spines-snakes-and-killer-bees-stories-of-riding-in-the-arizona-desert
• Hiney, K., Greene, E. A., Hein, W., & Wilkins, R. (2020, March). “Tips for 4-H Horse Parents”. Tack Box Talk: Horse Stories with a Purpose series.. Podcast. https://www.buzzsprout.com/242373/2641354-tips-for-4-h-horse-parents
• Greene, E. A., & Hendrix, R. (2019, Summer). The Informed Arizona Equestrian: Equine Herpes Virus and Biosecurity Tips Podcast. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovMDRw9ayCQ&feature=youtu.be. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovMDRw9ayCQ&feature=youtu.be
• Greene, E. A., & Jeffers Sample, A. (2019, October). State 4H Horse Show Rule Book. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/attachment/ARIZONA%20HORSE%20PROJECT%20STATE%20RULEBOOK%20Final_2.pdf
• Greene, E. A., Alden, E., & Melchiors, M. (2019, March). Equine Educational and Vaccination Clinic Podcast. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDM_Yk4spyM&fbclid=IwAR23gtwCsqjWAMF-zGn2JNI0XBUoKhGkHX2f5ZqsW_ft5w4yNqyXBs2dcOs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDM_Yk4spyM&fbclid=IwAR23gtwCsqjWAMF-zGn2JNI0XBUoKhGkHX2f5ZqsW_ft5w4yNqyXBs2dcOs
• Greene, E. A., Dixon, A. L., Hall, A. L., & Carstens, R. (2019, Feb - April). Ag Daze - Gila County 4th Grade Agriculture Education and Career Exploration. Three months classroom education culminating into three days at ranch with hands-on educational activities for 420 youth..
  More info

  3 months in classroom teaching 420 fourth graders throughout Gila County Arizona agriculture and agriculture career exploration.
• Greene, E. A., Melchior, M., & Alden, E. A. (2019, March). “Equine Educational and Vaccination Clinic Podcast”. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDM_Yk4spyM&fbclid=IwAR23gtwCsqjWAMF-zGn2JNI0XBUoKhGkHX2f5ZqsW_ft5w4yNqyXBs2dcOs
• Hiney, K., Williams, C., Wickens, C., Greene, E. A., & Martinson, K. (2019, Winter). Pasture Stories Across the United States Podcast”. Tack Box Talk: Horse Stories with a Purpose series. Buzzsprout, ExtensionHorses.org. https://www.buzzsprout.com/242373/2316938-pasture-peculiarities-the-story-of-florida-new-jersey-minnesota-and-arizona
• Greene, E. A., & Sekaquaptewa, S. K. (2018, June). Equine Workshop I: Horse Health Care. Keams Canyon, AZ Veterinary Clinic.
  More info

  Greene, E.A. and S. Sekaquaptewa. 2018. 2018 Equine Workshop: Workshop I: Horse Health Care. Keams Canyon, AZ (June 24, 2018) Horse Body Condition Score Lecture and Hands On Workshop. (Greene) (100%)
• Greene, E. A., Arias, J. M., Arias, J. M., & Greene, E. A. (2018, February). San Carlos Horse Workshop. Peridot Rodeo Grounds, Peridot, AZ..
  More info

  Greene, E.A. and J. Arias. 2018. San Carlos Horse Workshop, Peridot Rodeo Grounds, Peridot, AZ. (February 17, 2018) Nutrition (E.A. Greene) Biosecurity (E.A. Greene) Vaccines (E.A. Greene) Q & A (E.A. Greene)
• Greene, E. A., Sekaquaptewa, S. K., Honani, R., & Lee, J. (2018, August). Equine Workshop II: Horse Health and Transportation. Keams Canyon, AZ Veterinary Clinic.
  More info

  Greene, E.A. and S. Sekaquaptewa. 2018. 2018 Equine Workshop: Workshop II: Horse Health and Transportation. Keams Canyon, AZ (August 10, 2018) Horse Diseases (Greene, E.A. and John Lee) (50%) Toxic Plants, (R. Honani, and E.A. Greene) (40%)
• Schwartz, F., & Greene, E. A. (2017, May). Four Questions: What Makes a Derby-Winning Thoroughbred? Cooperative Extension specialist Betsy Greene speaks about UA ties to horse racing in advance of the biggest race of all. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension News.. https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/four-questions-what-makes-derbywinning-thoroughbred
• Zilliox, P., Greene, E. A., Moore, J. D., Zilliox, P., Greene, E. A., & Moore, J. D. (2017, June). Arizona Disaster Days, A Disaster Preparedness Workshop. Coconino and Graham County 4-H Programs.
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2016, July). Barn Smarts for Biosecurity: Tips for Keeping Your Horse Safe and Healthy. Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1709-2016.pdf
  More info

  Extension Publication #AZ1709. Publication aims to make biosecurity fun and memorable with simple cartoon illustrations and captions. Some portions of this publication have been adapted into a poster to be distributed to barns, fairs, and other equine events across the state.
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2016, July). Barn Smarts for Biosecurity: Tips for Keeping Your Horse Safe and Healthy. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1709-2016.pdf
  More info

  Extension Publication #AZ1709. Publication aims to make biosecurity fun and memorable with simple cartoon illustrations and captions. Some portions of this publication have been adapted into a poster to be distributed to barns, fairs, and other equine events across the state.
• Greene, E. A., & Wright, A. D. (2016, May). Identifying Equine-Related Cooperative Extension Program Priorities via a Statewide Survey. 2016 Western Region NACAA Annual Meeting and Professional Improvement Conference.
  More info

  Abstract submission for 2016 Western Region NACAA Annual Meeting/Professional Improvement Conference
• Wright, A. D., & Greene, E. A. (2016, April). Rabies in Arizona: Equine Risk and Prevention (40%). University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1700-2016_0.pdf
  More info

  UA News Website (May 18, 2016)University of Arizona College of Science Website (May 18, 2016)AZ Board of Regents Facebook Page (May 20, 2016)“Southern Arizona Horses for Sale” Facebook group (11k members)Featured in UA President's newsletter University of Arizona College of Ag and Life Science Website (May 24, 2016)TheHorse.com Website – 315,000 subscribers nationally (May 30, 2016) http://www.thehorse.com/articles/37627/ua-releases-new-equine-rabies-resourcePaulickreport.com – 18K Twitter followers/12K Facebook followers (May 30, 2016) http://www.paulickreport.com/horse-care-category/university-arizona-releases-new-equine-rabies-resource/International Biosecurity Intelligence System Website (June 1, 2016)Media interview with KVOA News 4 Tucson, E. Greene and A. Wright, aired locally on 06/06/2016