Laurel E Jacobs

Interests

Research

- Innovating SNAP-Ed evaluation at local, state, and national levels- Equitable practices in program planning, implementation, and evaluation- Trauma-informed approaches in SNAP-Ed - Community and grassroots engagement to address heath disparities- Transformative evaluation

Courses

No activities entered.

Scholarly Contributions

Journals/Publications

• Jacobs, L. E., Orzech, K. M., Le Gros, T., Goodman, G., & Martinez, S. (2020). Understanding Factors that Support Well-Functioning Community Coalitions. Journal of Extension, 58(1).
• LeGros, T. A., Jacobs, L. E., Goodman, G. L., Orzech, K. M., & Holmes, E. (2020). A Systems Approach Helps Explain Significant Improvements in Local Wellness Policies Among SNAP-Ed-Supported School Districts. Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 52(8), 766-774.
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  To assess changes in written local wellness policies (LWPs) across time within Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed)-participating districts.
• Orzech, K. M., Legros, T., Jacobs, L., Goodman, G., & Davenport, J. (2020). O15 Can Small Stores Get Healthier with SNAP-Ed? An Outcomes Evaluation Using the STORE Tool. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 52(7), S7. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2020.04.027
• Orzech, K. M., Legros, T., Jacobs, L., Goodman, G., & Davenport, J. (2020). O15 Can Small Stores Get Healthier with SNAP-Ed? An Outcomes Evaluation Using the STORE Tool. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 52(7). doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2020.04.027
• Orzech, K. M., Legros, T., Lang, R., Jacobs, L., & Goodman, G. (2020). O3 Longitudinal SNAP-Ed Study of Community Coalition Characteristics in Arizona. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 52(7), S1-S2. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2020.04.015
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  Background Collective impact theory suggests coalitions can encourage community-level policy and systems changes supported by the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program – Education (SNAP-Ed). A recent Cochrane review found coalition efforts improved health disparities, but insufficient knowledge of coalition characteristics limited understanding of underlying mechanisms. Objective Measure community coalition characteristics across time to identify potential areas for improvement. Study Design, Setting, Participants Trained SNAP-Ed staff administered the research-tested Wilder Collaboration Factors Inventory (Wilder) as a pretest and 2 years later as a posttest, at the level of the coalition. Community coalitions were established for at least 6 months, worked in the food systems (FS) or active living (AL) SNAP-Ed focus areas, and included at least 5 organizations and a SNAP-Ed representative. Seven coalitions (n = 73 members) completed the Wilder in both years, including 3 FS (n = 36) and 4 AL (n = 37) coalitions. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Within-group (by focus area) analyses across time: Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to compare scores for the 20 Wilder factors. Descriptive statistics for percentage of respondents whose scores for individual factors decreased. Results Across 2 years, coalition members reported improvements related to coalition purpose, collaborative environment, and perception of resources. Coalition processes and membership characteristics showed decreases. For FS coalitions: Unique Purpose improved significantly (P Conclusion Coalitions that persist over time may increase their level of collaboration, collective purpose, and resource security. They may need ongoing support to maintain internal processes and address membership characteristics. Implications of this work include successful measurement of short-term changes in coalition capacity outcomes; this highlighting of strengths and weaknesses may improve coalition efforts to address longer-term community-level objectives. Funding Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education.
• Orzech, K. M., Legros, T., Lang, R., Jacobs, L., & Goodman, G. (2020). O3 Longitudinal SNAP-Ed Study of Community Coalition Characteristics in Arizona. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 52(7). doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2020.04.015
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  Background Collective impact theory suggests coalitions can encourage community-level policy and systems changes supported by the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program – Education (SNAP-Ed). A recent Cochrane review found coalition efforts improved health disparities, but insufficient knowledge of coalition characteristics limited understanding of underlying mechanisms. Objective Measure community coalition characteristics across time to identify potential areas for improvement. Study Design, Setting, Participants Trained SNAP-Ed staff administered the research-tested Wilder Collaboration Factors Inventory (Wilder) as a pretest and 2 years later as a posttest, at the level of the coalition. Community coalitions were established for at least 6 months, worked in the food systems (FS) or active living (AL) SNAP-Ed focus areas, and included at least 5 organizations and a SNAP-Ed representative. Seven coalitions (n = 73 members) completed the Wilder in both years, including 3 FS (n = 36) and 4 AL (n = 37) coalitions. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Within-group (by focus area) analyses across time: Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to compare scores for the 20 Wilder factors. Descriptive statistics for percentage of respondents whose scores for individual factors decreased. Results Across 2 years, coalition members reported improvements related to coalition purpose, collaborative environment, and perception of resources. Coalition processes and membership characteristics showed decreases. For FS coalitions: Unique Purpose improved significantly (P Conclusion Coalitions that persist over time may increase their level of collaboration, collective purpose, and resource security. They may need ongoing support to maintain internal processes and address membership characteristics. Implications of this work include successful measurement of short-term changes in coalition capacity outcomes; this highlighting of strengths and weaknesses may improve coalition efforts to address longer-term community-level objectives. Funding Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education.
• Jacobs, L. E. (2019). Positive Effects of Educational Outreach on Physical Activity, Sitting, and Nutrition Behaviors in SNAP-Eligible Adults.. NA.
• LeGros, T., & Orzech, K. (2019). A Case Study of a New State Model for Assessing Local Wellness Policies. Journal of School Health. doi:10.1111/josh.12728
• Naja-Reise, A., Keller, K., Bruno, P., Forester, S., Puma, J., Whetstone, L., McNelly, B., Cullinen, K., Jacobs, L. E., & Sugarman, S. (2019). The SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework: Demonstrating the Impact of a National Framework for Obesity Prevention in Low-Income Populations. Translational Behavioral Medicine.
• Orzech, K. M., Legros, T. A., Jacobs, L., Guterman, C., & Goodman, G. (2019). P186 SNAP-Ed Study Finds Differences in Nutrition and Physical Activity Behavior of English Versus Spanish Speakers Before Education. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 51(7), S116. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2019.05.562
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  Background The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) encourages healthy nutrition and physical activity (PA) behaviors for SNAP eligible adults. In Arizona, one way the AZ Health Zone SNAP-Ed program promotes behavior change is through direct education classes. While it might be presumed that SNAP-Ed participants enter classes with similar behaviors, we found that baseline behaviors differed between English and Spanish speaking cohorts. Objective To describe differences in nutrition and PA behaviors before education between English and Spanish-speaking SNAP-Ed participants in Arizona. Study Design, Settings, Participants The AZ Health Zone used two validated surveys to measure baseline nutrition and PA behaviors among184 adults in eight Arizona counties between October 1, 2017—September 30, 2018. Sixty adults completed the surveys in English; 124 completed them in Spanish. Adults were surveyed before direct education classes at sites such as schools, libraries, family shelters, and senior centers. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Surveys included 16 nutrition questions and 20 PA questions. Depending upon data type, we used t-tests (PA data), Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (nutrition - Likert data) and Chi-square tests (nutrition - binary data) to compare responses between language groups. Results For nutrition behaviors, we found that Spanish speakers drank more milk (P Conclusion Significant differences were found between SNAP-eligible English and Spanish speakers in Arizona before participating in direct education. Spanish speakers showed healthier behaviors but greater food insecurity. More evaluation is warranted to see if this finding is replicable, and to explore the underlying reasons for the observed differences.
• Orzech, K. M., Legros, T., Jacobs, L., Holmes, E., & Goodman, G. (2019). P31 A Statewide Local Wellness Policy Assessment Finds Marked Improvements Among SNAP-Ed-Supported School Districts. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 51(7), S46. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2019.05.407
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  Background The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) encourages nutrition and physical activity in districts and schools where over 50% of students receive free-and-reduced-price lunch. In Arizona, the AZ Health Zone implements SNAP-Ed, which includes support for developing, implementing, and evaluating local wellness policies (LWPs). Objective To assess changes in written LWPs among SNAP-Ed-participating districts across Arizona. Study Design, Settings, Participants The AZ Health Zone developed a scoring system using the WellSAT 2.0 tool to measure the quality of written LWPs and encourage use of findings among partner districts. From October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2016, local SNAP-Ed agencies in 13 Arizona counties submitted 57 LWPs and received back scores and customized recommendations to share with districts. LWPs from the same districts were scored again between October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018 to assess changes. Measurable Outcome/Analysis We completed the six-section WellSAT 2.0 to generate scorecards for each LWP. Scorecards included section and total scores for comprehensiveness and strength, from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). We used the paired t-test to compare scores across time, and we explored changes in scores as they related to SNAP-Ed interventions, federal requirements, and state administrative reviews. Results From 2016 to 2018, total comprehensiveness and strength scores increased significantly (comprehensiveness: M = 12.33, SD = 16.05, P P P P Conclusion Written LWPs in Arizona's SNAP-Ed-supported school districts have improved in recent years. SNAP-Ed interventions may have worked synergistically with state administrative reviews and federal LWP guidelines to influence improvements. Further research is needed to understand these interrelationships.
• Schwartz, M. B., Read, M., Orzech, K. M., Legros, T., Jacobs, L., & Holmes, E. (2019). P32 Five Tips for Large-Scale Assessment of School Wellness Policies Using the WellSAT Scoring System. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 51(7), S46-S47. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2019.05.408
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  Background The AZ Health Zone administers Arizona's SNAP-Ed program. Our multi-year, statewide evaluations follow national evaluation standards, including accuracy and utility. The Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity developed the WellSAT to measure the quality of written SWPs, in consultation with an advisory board. The WellSAT has been updated twice to reflect changes to national regulations from the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act. Objective To identify key characteristics of an accurate, useful system for large-scale SWP assessment. Study Design, Settings, Participants From October 2015—September 2018, the AZ Health Zone State Evaluation Team used a WellSAT scoring process to assess the quality of written school wellness policies (SWPs) from over 120 SNAP-Ed-qualified districts across Arizona's 15 counties. Local SNAP-Ed agencies submitted SWPs for WellSAT scoring and received back results and recommendations to use with districts. Measurable Outcome/Analysis We conducted a meta-evaluation to improve the WellSAT scoring process. Data from SWP meetings, evaluation meetings, debrief sessions, and interviews with Local SNAP-Ed Agencies were systematically analyzed to identify best practices for large-scale SWP assessment using the WellSAT. Results We identified five key characteristics of our scoring system. Use two consistent scorers. We enhanced accuracy by comparing results from two trained, independent scorers to catch errors and resolve discrepancies. Train scorers using state-specific guidelines. We further improved accuracy by developing a state-specific scoring template. Aim for rapid, responsive turnaround. We bolstered the utility of findings by generating results within four to eight weeks, or before district SWP meetings. Offer guidance on interpreting scores. We also enhanced utility by helping users understand how their scores compared to state averages and national trends. Create easy-to-use recommendations. We improved utility by providing users with editable, score-based recommendations on how to revise SWP language. Conclusion The accuracy and utility of large-scale SWP assessment can be enhanced using the five practices described above.
• Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., Orzech, K. M., & Davenport, J. (2018). Assessing the Availability, Appeal, and Promotion of Healthier Foods in Arizona Small Stores Using the Stocking Opportunities in the Retail Environment (STORE) Tool. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior-Special Issue of Annual Meeting Published Abstracts, S106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2018.04.138
• LeGros, T. A., Hartz, V. L., & Jacobs, L. E. (2017). Reliability of a Kid's Activity and Nutrition Questionnaire for School-Based SNAP-Ed Interventions as Part of a Tiered Development Process. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR, 49(2), 125-+.
• Bea, J. W., Jacobs, L., Waits, J., Hartz, V., Martinez, S. H., Standfast, R. D., Farrell, V. A., Bawden, M., Whitmer, E., & Misner, S. (2015). Need for Specific Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Lessons for Fourth- and Fifth-Graders. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR, 47(1), 36-43.
• Jacobs, L. E. (2015). Application of IMPLAN to Extension Programs: Economic Impacts of the University of Arizona Cooperative Extension SNAP - Ed Spending. Journal of Extension, 53(6), 5.
• Jacobs, L. E. (2015). The Economic Contribution Of The University Of Arizona Cooperative Extension Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) Spending To The State Of Arizona. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, 2015(1622), 5.
• Jacobs, L. E. (2014). Developing an Action Learning Community Advocacy/Leadership Training Program for Community Health Workers and Their Agencies to Reduce Health Disparities in Arizona Border Communities. Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 7(2), 16.
• Sabo, S., Ingram, M., Reinschmidt, K. M., Schachter, K., Jacobs, L., de, Z., Robinson, L., & Carvajal, S. (2013). Predictors and a Framework for Fostering Community Advocacy as a Community Health Worker Core Function to Eliminate Health Disparities. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 103(7), E67-E73.
• Jacobs, J., Guthrie, B. L., Montes, G. A., Jacobs, L. E., Mickey-Colman, N., Wilson, A. R., & DiGiacomo, R. (2006). Homeopathic combination remedy in the treatment of acute childhood diarrhea in Honduras. JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE, 12(8), 723-732.

Presentations

• Jacobs, L. E., Orzech, K. M., Altman, J., & Guterman, C. (2022). “I put myself in that trauma-informed lens”: Evaluating A Statewide SNAP-Ed Trauma-Informed Approach. 2022 ASNNA Conference.
• Jacobs, L. E., Altman, J., & Guterman, C. (2021). Developing A Statewide Trauma-Informed Approach for SNAP-Ed. Association of State Nutrition Network Administrators Annual Meeting. Virtual.
• LeGros, T. A., Jacobs, L. E., Williams, B., Thege, E., Holmes, E., & Ruiz, K. (2021). Using SNAP-Ed as a Case Study for Developing Collaborative Statewide Evaluations. American Public Health Association Annual Meeting.
• Pendleton, D., DeMarco, M., Lim, S. S., Al, E., & Jacobs, L. E. (2021). ASNNA Race, Health, and Social Equity Townhall. Association of State Nutrition Network Administrators Annual Meeting. Virtual.
• Jacobs, L. E., Orzech, K. M., LeGros, T. A., & Goodman, G. (2020). Two SNAP-Ed evaluations in Arizona measure short and medium term indicators for multi-sector partnerships and planning. American Public Health Association conference. Virtual: American Public Health Association.
• Jacobs, L. E., Orzech, K. M., LeGros, T. A., Goodman, G., & Davenport, J. (2020). Can Small Stores Get Healthier with SNAP-Ed? An Outcomes Evaluation Using the STORE Tool. Society of Nutrition Education and Behavior Annual Conference. Virtual.
• LeGros, T. A., Jacobs, L. E., Orzech, K. M., & Goodman, G. (2020). Changes in school health policy, systems, and environments among SNAP-Ed supported schools with and without Healthy Schools Program participation. American Public Health Association conference. Virtual: American Public Health Association.
• Orzech, K. M., Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., & Goodman, G. (2020). How two active living PSE evaluations in Arizona helped SNAP-Ed staff reach out to local communities. Active Living Research conference.
• Orzech, K. M., Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., Goodman, G., & Lang, R. (2020). Longitudinal SNAP-Ed study of community coalition characteristics in Arizona. SNEB Annual Conference. Virtual: SNEB.
• Jacobs, L. E. (2019, May). Exploring Differential Findings by Language Among Hispanic Participants in a Nutrition and Physical Activity Lesson Series. Border Health Information for Action Conference. Nogales, Sonora, Mexico: Binational Collaboration for Healthy Communities in the Sonora-Arizona Border Region.
• Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., & Orzech, K. M. (2018, November). Supporting Health Equity in Arizona by Assessing Physical Activity Resources. Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association. San Diego, CA: American Public Health Association.
• Jacobs, L. E., & McCullough, L. (2017, May). Using the Wilder Collaboration Factors Inventory to Assess SNAP-Ed Coalitions in Arizona: Perspectives from “ST8” and Local Levels. Childhood Obesity Conference. San Diego: California Department of Public Health, California Department of Education, Nutrition Policy Institute UC Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, The California Endowment, and Kaiser Permanente.
• Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T., Orzech, K., & Martinez, S. (2017, November). Communication Strategies for Complex Public Health Programs to Enhance Use of Findings and Sustainability: A SNAP-Ed Case Study. American Public Health Association Annual Conference. Atlanta: American Public Health Association.
• McCullough, L., Jacobs, L. E., Farrell, V., Armstrong Florian, T. L., Martinez, C. L., Orzech, K., McDonald, D. A., Zilliox, P., Misner, S. L., McCullough, L., Jacobs, L. E., Farrell, V., Armstrong Florian, T. L., Martinez, C. L., Orzech, K., McDonald, D. A., Zilliox, P., Misner, S. L., McCullough, L., , Jacobs, L. E., et al. (2017, April). Using the Wilder Collaboration Factors Inventory to Assess SNAP-Ed Coalitions in Arizona: Results from Four Counties. Experimental Biology Conference. Chicago: Hosted by AAA, APS, ASBMB, ASIP, ASN, and ASPET.
• Jacobs, L. E. (2016, February). Challenges and Lessons Learned in Adopting a New SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework. Association for State Nutrition Network Administrators Annual Meeting. Arlington, VA: Association for State Nutrition Network Administrators.
• Jacobs, L. E., Armstrong Florian, T. L., Misner, S. L., Farrell, V., Hartz, V., & LeGros, T. A. (2015, March). Nutrition and Physical Activity Education among SNAP - Ed Eligible Middle School Students Reveals Disconnect between Knowledge and Behavior. Experimental Biology. Boston: American Society for Nutrition.
• Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T., & Naja-Reise, A. (2015, November). Assessing Partnerships for Health Policy Change: A Mixed Methods Exploration. American Evaluation Association conference. Chicago: American Evaluation Association.
• Jacobs, L. E. (2007, April). The Health Empowerment Record pilot project: implications for increasing health equity. Social Justice Symposium. Tucson: University of Arizona College of Public Health.
• Jacobs, L. E. (2007, March). The Health Empowerment Record: Development of a pilot bilingual medical record for borderlands medical care. Information for Action Conference. Rio Rico: University of Arizona Office of Rural Health.

Poster Presentations

• Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., Orzech, K. M., Goodman, G., Trejo, J., & Guterman, C. (2021). A Longitudinal Evaluation of Youth Nutrition and Physical Activity Knowledge and Behaviors After SNAP-Ed Multi-Level Interventions in Arizona. American Public Health Association Annual Meeting.
• LeGros, T. A., & Jacobs, L. E. (2021). The Practical Application of Complex Adaptive Systems Theory to SNAP-Ed Evaluation during a Pandemic. Association of State Nutrition Network Administrators Annual Meeting.
• Orzech, K. M., Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., & Guterman, C. (2021). Development of a Tool to Track Active Living Policy Progress in SNAP-Ed. Active Living Research Conference. Virtual: Active Living Research.
• LeGros, T. A., Jacobs, L. E., Orzech, K. M., & Guterman, C. (2020). Measuring SNAP-Ed Settings-Level Indicators Across Time Using Validated Tools. Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators (ASNNA) Annual Conference. Arlington, VA: Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators (ASNNA).
• Orzech, K. M., LeGros, T. A., Goodman, G., Jacobs, L. E., & Lang, R. (2020). Supporting health equity in Arizona through assessment of physical activity resources in lower-income census tracts. Active Living Research Conference.
• Jacobs, L. E. (2019, July). A Statewide Local Wellness Policy Assessment Finds Marked Improvements Among SNAP-Ed Supported School Districts. SNEB Annual Conference. Orlando: Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior.
• Jacobs, L. E. (2019, July). Five Tips for Large Scale Assessment of School Wellness Policies Using the WellSAT Scoring System. SNEB Annual Meeting. Orlando: Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior.
• Jacobs, L. E. (2019, July). SNAP-Ed Study Finds Differences in Nutrition and Physical Activity Behavior of English Versus Spanish Speakers Before Education. SNEB Annual Meeting. Orlando: Society of Nutrition Education and Behavior.
• Jacobs, L. E. (2019, July). Youth Physical Activity Outcomes Improve After School-Based SNAP-Ed Multilevel Interventions.. Childhood Obesity Conference. Anaheim: National Collaborative on Childhood Obesity Research.
• Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., Orzech, K. M., & Holmes, E. (2018, November). The Implementation of School Health Initiatives Linked to Healthy Schools Participation and Higher Employment Counties in Arizona. Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association. San Diego, CA: American Public Health Association.
• Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., Orzech, K., & Martinez, S. (2017, November). Assessing Coalition Success Factors in Alignment with the National SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework. American Public Health Association Annual Conference. Atlanta: American Public Health Association.
• Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., Orzech, K., & Veilleux, N. (2017, May). A Statewide Assessment of Obesity Prevention Needs and Readiness among Early Childhood Education Sites. Childhood Obesity Conference. San Diego: California Department of Public Health, California Department of Education, Nutrition Policy Institute UC Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, The California Endowment, and Kaiser Permanente.
• Jacobs, L. E., McDonald, D. A., Armstrong Florian, T. L., Martinez, C. L., Zilliox, P., Misner, S. L., McCullough, L., Farrell, V., & Orzech, K. (2017, April). Using the Wilder Collaboration Factors Inventory to Assess SNAP-Ed Coalitions in Arizona: Results from Four Counties. Experimental Biology Conference. Chicago: American Society for Nutrition.
• Jacobs, L. E., Orzech, K., LeGros, T. A., & Martinez, S. (2017, May). Development of a Summer Food Service Program Evaluation Checklist for SNAP-Ed. Childhood Obesity Conference. San Diego: California Department of Public Health, California Department of Education, Nutrition Policy Institute UC Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, The California Endowment, and Kaiser Permanente.
• Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., Armstrong Florian, T. L., Whitmer, E. B., Martinez, C. L., Misner, S. L., McCullough, L., Farrell, V., & Hartz, V. (2016, July). Positive Results of Single Lessons with Adult Learners after SNAP-Ed. Childhood Obesity Conference. San Diego: California Department of Public Health, California Department of Education, Nutrition Policy Institute UC Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, The California Endowment, and Kaiser Permanente.
• Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., Misner, S. L., McCullough, L., Farrell, V., & Hartz, V. (2016, April). The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP - Ed) Elementary School Students had Self - Reported and Observed Behavior Changes. Experimental Biology. San Francisco: American Society for Nutrition.
• Jacobs, L. E., Frisvold, G. B., Misner, S. L., Kerna, A., & Farrell, V. (2015, June). Economic Impacts of the UA Cooperative Extension SNAP-Ed Program: An Application of IMPLAN. Childhood Obesity Conference. San Diego: California Department of Public Health, California Department of Education, Nutrition Policy Institute UC Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, The California Endowment, and Kaiser Permanente.
• Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., Misner, S. L., Farrell, V., & McCullough, L. (2015, June). Developing an Integrated Program Design for SNAP-Ed Programming and Evaluation. Childhood Obesity Conference. San Diego: California Department of Public Health, California Department of Education, Nutrition Policy Institute UC Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, The California Endowment, and Kaiser Permanente.
• Jacobs, L. E., Armstrong Florian, T. L., Bea, J. W., Misner, S. L., Farrell, V., & Martinez, S. (2014, July). Change in Nutrition and Physical Activity Behaviors Among SNAP - Eligible 4th and 5th Grade Students: A Multi - County Study. Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior Annual Conference. Milwaukee: Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior.
• Jacobs, L. E., Cler, L., Bailey, A., Farrell, V., & Misner, S. (2014, April). Teachers' Successes and Barriers Providing Evidence-Based Nutrition Education in Limited Resource Schools. Arizona Public Health Association Annual Conference. Phoenix: Arizona Public Health Association.
• Jacobs, L. E., Armstrong Florian, T. L., Bea, J. W., Misner, S. L., Martinez, S., Bawden, M., & Farrell, V. (2013, August). Sugary Beverage Consumption, Not Water, Increases in Springtime Among Low - income Arizona 4th and 5th graders. Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Portland: Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior.
• Jacobs, L. E., Going, S. B., Bea, J. W., Farrell, V., & Nurss, E. (2011, June). Strategies from Teachers to Increase Partici pation in School - based Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Nutrition Education (SNAP - Ed): Excerpts from a Pilot Study. Childhood Obesity Conference. San Diego: California Department of Public Health, California Department of Education, Nutrition Policy Institute UC Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, The California Endowment, and Kaiser Permanente.
• Jacobs, L. E., Houtkooper, L. K., Going, S. B., Misner, S. L., Ottenbacher, H., Farrell, V., & Reeves, J. (2009, October). Education for SNAP Eligible Children: A Model for Sustainable Partnerships to Reduce Childhood Obesity. Frontiers in Nutrition Sciences Conference. Tucson: UA Department of Nutritional Sciences.

Others

• Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., Orzech, K. M., Goodman, G., & Trejo, J. (2021, December). AZ Health Zone FY21 Evaluation Report. Prepared for the Arizona Department of Health Services. https://nutritioneval.arizona.edu/results
• Jacobs, L. E., LeGros, T. A., Orzech, K. M., Goodman, G., & Trejo, J. (2020, December). AZ Health Zone FY20 Evaluation Report. Prepared for the Arizona Department of Health Services. https://nutritioneval.arizona.edu/results