Jennifer W Bea

Interests

Research

Chronic Disease Prevention and Management Obesity Body CompositionLifestyle Interventions (i.e. Exercise, and Diet)Cancer Prevention and Survivorship Genetics

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Books

• Budge, L., & Wright, J. A. (2002). Guidelines for the treatment of heart failure. Oakland, CA: Kaiser Permanente Care Management Institute.

Chapters

• Bea, J. W., Thomson, C. A., Bea, J. W., & Thomson, C. A. (2018). The Role of Diet, Physical Activity and Body Composition in Cancer Prevention. In Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention 4th edition. Alberts DS and Hess LM. (editors).(pp xx-xx). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag: Heidelberg,.
• Going, S. B., & Bea, J. W. (2017). Changes in body composition with exercise in overweight and obese children. In Body Composition: Health and Performance in Exercise and Sport. Taylor and Francis, New York, NY.
• Bea, J. W., de Heer, H., & Schwartz, A. L. (2016). Symptom Management: Weight Gain. In Cancer Supportive Care(pp 241-269). Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24814-1

Journals/Publications

• Bea, J. W., DeHeer, H., Valdez, L., Kinslow, B., Yazzie, E., Lee, M., Nez, P., Delgai, S., & Schwartz, A. (2018). Physical activity among Navajo cancer survivors, a qualitative study. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research.
• Bea, J. W., Funk, J., Hetherington-Rauth, M., Wertheim, B. C., Mosquiera, L., Thuraisingam, R., Lee, V., Blew, R., Lohman, T., Roe, D. J., & Going, S. (2018). Anthropometry Versus Imaging for Prediction of Inflammation Among Hispanic Girls. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 26(10), 1594-1602.
  More info

  This study aimed to compare total and regional estimates of body composition, by direct and indirect techniques, for the optimal prediction of C-reactive protein (CRP) among young (aged 9-12 years) Hispanic girls (N = 232).
• Bea, J. W., Going, S. B., Wertheim, B., Bassford, T. L., LaCroix, A. Z., Wright, N., Nicholas, J. S., Heymsfield, S. B., & Chen, Z. (2017). Body composition and physical function in a cohort of multiethnic older women - a subgroup of the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Preventive Medicine Reports.
• Bea, J. W., Hsu, C. H., Blew, R. M., Irving, A. P., Caan, B. J., Kwan, M. L., Abraham, I., & Going, S. B. (2018). Use of iDXA spine scans to evaluate total and visceral abdominal fat. American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council, 30(1).
  More info

  Abdominal fat may be a better predictor than body mass index (BMI) for risk of metabolically-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. We sought to validate the percent fat reported on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) regional spine scans (spine fat fraction, SFF) against abdominal fat obtained from total body scans using the iDXA machine (General Electric, Madison, WI), as previously done on the Prodigy model.
• Bea, J. W., Smoller, S., Wertheim, B. C., Klimentidis, Y. C., Chen, Z., Zaslavsky, O., Manini, T., Womack, C., Kroenke, C., LaCroix, A., & Thomson, C. A. (2017). Associations between ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, and lean body mass in community dwelling older women. Journal of Aging Research.
• Blew, R., Lee, V., Bea, J. W., Hetherington-Rauth, M., Silvain, D., Galons, J., Altbach, M. I., & Going, S. B. (2017). In vivo validation of pQCT-derived thigh fat sub-compartments using a 3 T MRI scanner. Journal of Clinical Densitometry.
• Follis, S., Cook, A., Bea, J. W., Going, S. B., Laddu, D., Cauley, J. A., Shadyab, A. H., Stefanick, M. L., & Chen, Z. (2018). Association Between Sarcopenic Obesity and Falls in a Multiethnic Cohort of Postmenopausal Women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66(12), 2314-2320.
  More info

  To investigate associations between sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity and incidence of falls in a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of healthy postmenopausal women.
• Going, S. B., Chen, Z., Alexander, G. E., Mandarino, L. J., Garcia, D. O., Bea, J. W., Raichlen, D. A., & Klimentidis, Y. C. (2017). Genome-wide association study of habitual physical activity in over 277,000 UK Biobank participants indentifies novel variants and genetic correlations with chronotype and obesity related traits. International Journal of Obesity.
• Hetherington-Rauth, M., Bea, J. W., Blew, R. M., Funk, J. L., Hingle, M. D., Lee, V. R., Roe, D. J., Wheeler, M. D., Lohman, T. G., & Going, S. B. (2018). Relative contributions of lean and fat mass to bone strength in young Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls. Bone, 113, 144-150.
  More info

  With the high prevalence of childhood obesity, especially among Hispanic children, understanding how body weight and its components of lean and fat mass affect bone development is important, given that the amount of bone mineral accrued during childhood can determine osteoporosis risk later in life. The aim of this study was to assess the independent contributions of lean and fat mass on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), geometry, and strength in both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing bones of Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls.
• Hetherington-Rauth, M., Bea, J. W., Lee, V., Blew, R., Funk, J. L., Roe, D., & Going, S. B. (2017). Relationship between fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk in preadolescent Hispanic girls. The Journal of Pediatrics.
• Hetherington-Rauth, M., Bea, J. W., Lee, V., Blew, R., Funk, J., & Going, S. (2017). Effect of cardiometabolic risk factors on the relationship between adiposity and bone mass in girls. International Journal of Obesity, 42, 1185-1194.
• Kabat, G. C., Kim, M. Y., Stefanick, M., Ho, G. Y., Lane, D. S., Odegaard, A. O., Simon, M. S., Bea, J. W., Luo, J., Wassertheil-Smoller, S., & Rohan, T. E. (2018). Metabolic obesity phenotypes and risk of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women. International journal of cancer, 143(3), 543-551.
  More info

  Obesity has been postulated to increase the risk of colorectal cancer by mechanisms involving insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. We examined the associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, the metabolic syndrome, metabolic obesity phenotypes and homeostasis model-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR-a marker of insulin resistance) with risk of colorectal cancer in over 21,000 women in the Women's Health Initiative CVD Biomarkers subcohort. Women were cross-classified by BMI (18.5-
• Klimentidis, Y. C., Raichlen, D. A., Bea, J., Garcia, D. O., Wineinger, N. E., Mandarino, L. J., Alexander, G. E., Chen, Z., & Going, S. B. (2018). In response to: 'Information bias in measures of self-reported physical activity'. International journal of obesity (2005), 42(12), 2064-2065.
• Lee, V., Blew, R., Hetherington-Rauth, M., Blew, D., Galons, J. P., Hagio, T., Bea, J., Lohman, T., & Going, S. (2018). Estimation of visceral fat in 9- to 13-year-old girls using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometry. Obesity science & practice, 4(5), 437-447.
  More info

  Accumulation of visceral fat (VF) in children increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and measurement of VF in children using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is expensive. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may provide a low-cost alternative. This study aims to determine if DXA VF estimates can accurately estimate VF in young girls, determine if adding anthropometry would improve the estimate and determine if other DXA fat measures, with and without anthropometry, could be used to estimate VF in young girls.
• M, L., JC, L., JE, M., AK, C., W, L., & Bea, J. W. (2017). Physical activity and incidence of heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction in older postmenopausal women: The Women’s Health Initiative Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
• Trevisan, C., Crippa, A., Ek, S., Welmer, A. K., Sergi, G., Maggi, S., Manzato, E., Bea, J. W., Cauley, J. A., Decullier, E., Hirani, V., LaMonte, M. J., Lewis, C. E., Schott, A. M., Orsini, N., & Rizzuto, D. (2018). Nutritional Status, Body Mass Index, and the Risk of Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.
  More info

  To evaluate the association between nutritional status, defined on the basis of a multidimensional evaluation, and body mass index (BMI) with the risk of falls and recurrent falls in community-dwelling older people.
• Bea, J. W., & Sweitzer, N. K. (2017). More Appropriate Cardiovascular Risk Screening Through Understanding Complex Phenotypes: Mind the Gap. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70(12), 1438-1440.
• Bea, J. W., Howe, C. L., Blew, R. M., Hetherington-Rauth, M., & Going, S. B. (2017). Resistance training effects on metabolic function among youth: A systematic review. Pediatric Exercise Science, 0(0), 1-42. doi:10.1123/pes.2016-0143
• Chen, Z., Klimentidis, Y. C., Bea, J. W., Ernst, K. C., Hu, C., Chou, Y., Jackson, R., & Thomson, C. A. (2017). Body mass index, waist circumference and mortality in a large mutiethnic postmenopausal cohort - Results from the Women's Health Initiative.. Journal of the American Geriatric Society.
• Harris, R., Chang, Y., Beavers, K., Laddu-Patel, D., Bea, J., Johnson, K., LeBoff, M., Womack, C., Wallace, R., Li, W., Crandall, C., & Cauley, J. (2017). Risk of Fracture in Women with Sarcopenia, Low Bone Mass, or Both. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 65(12), 2673-2678.
  More info

  To determine whether women with sarcopenia and low bone mineral density (BMD) are at greater risk of clinical fractures than those with sarcopenia or low BMD alone.
• Hetherington-Rauth, M. C., Hetherington-Rauth, M. C., Bea, J. W., Bea, J. W., Blew, R., Blew, R., Lee, V., Lee, V., Funk, J. L., Funk, J. L., Going, S. B., Going, S. B., Lohman, T. G., & Lohman, T. G. (2017). Comparison of direct measures of adiposity with indirect measures for predicting cardiometabolic risk factors in preadolescent girls. Nutrition Journal.
• Hetherington-Rauth, M., Bea, J. W., Lee, V. R., Blew, R. M., Funk, J., Lohman, T. G., & Going, S. B. (2017). Comparison of direct measures of adiposity with indirect measures for assessing cardiometabolic risk factors in preadolescent girls. Nutrition journal, 16(1), 15.
  More info

  Childhood overweight and obesity remains high, contributing to cardiometabolic risk factors at younger ages. It is unclear which measures of adiposity serve as the best proxies for identifying children at metabolic risk. This study assessed whether DXA-derived direct measures of adiposity are more strongly related to cardiometabolic risk factors in children than indirect measures.
• Jung, S. Y., Ho, G., Rohan, T., Strickler, H., Bea, J., Papp, J., Sobel, E., Zhang, Z. F., & Crandall, C. (2017). Interaction of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin resistance-related genetic variants with lifestyle factors on postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Breast cancer research and treatment, 164(2), 475-495.
  More info

  Genetic variants and traits in metabolic signaling pathways may interact with obesity, physical activity, and exogenous estrogen (E), influencing postmenopausal breast cancer risk, but these inter-related pathways are incompletely understood.
• Jung, S. Y., Rohan, T., Strickler, H., Bea, J., Zhang, Z. F., Ho, G., & Crandall, C. (2017). Genetic variants and traits related to insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin resistance and their interaction with lifestyles on postmenopausal colorectal cancer risk. PloS one, 12(10), e0186296.
  More info

  Genetic variants and traits in metabolic signaling pathways may interact with lifestyle factors such as obesity, physical activity, and exogenous estrogen (E), influencing postmenopausal colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but these interrelated pathways are not fully understood. In this case-cohort study, we examined 33 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)/ insulin resistance (IR) traits and signaling pathways, using data from 704 postmenopausal women in Women's Health Initiative Observation ancillary studies. Stratifying by the lifestyle modifiers, we assessed the effects of IGF-I/IR traits (fasting total and free IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3, insulin, glucose, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance) on CRC risk as a mediator or influencing factor. Six SNPs in the INS, IGF-I, and IGFBP3 genes were associated with CRC risk, and those associations differed between non-obese/active and obese/inactive women and between E nonusers and users. Roughly 30% of the cancer risk due to the SNP was mediated by IGF-I/IR traits. Likewise, carriers of 11 SNPs in the IRS1 and AKT1/2 genes (signaling pathway-related genetic variants) had different associations with CRC risk between strata, and the proportion of the SNP-cancer association explained by traits varied from 30% to 50%. Our findings suggest that IGF-I/IR genetic variants interact with obesity, physical activity, and exogenous E, altering postmenopausal CRC risk, through IGF-I/IR traits, but also through different pathways. Unraveling gene-phenotype-lifestyle interactions will provide data on potential genetic targets in clinical trials for cancer prevention and intervention strategies to reduce CRC risk.
• Kabat, G. C., Wu, W. Y., Bea, J. W., Chen, C., Qi, L., Stefanick, M. L., Chlebowski, R. T., Lane, D. S., Wactawski-Wende, J., Wassertheil-Smoller, S., & Rohan, T. E. (2017). Metabolic phenotypes of obesity: frequency, correlates and change over time in a cohort of postmenopausal women. International journal of obesity (Lond), 41(1), 170-177. doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.179
  More info

  The possibility that a subset of persons who are obese may be metabolically healthy-referred to as the 'metabolically healthy obese' (MHO) phenotype-has attracted attention recently. However, few studies have followed individuals with MHO or other obesity phenotypes over time to assess change in their metabolic profiles. The aim of the present study was to examine transitions over a 6-year period among different states defined simultaneously by body mass index (BMI) and the presence/absence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS).
• Martinez, J. A., Wertheim, B. C., Thomson, C. A., Bea, J. W., Wallace, R., Allison, M., Snetselaar, L., Chen, Z., Nassir, R., & Thompson, P. A. (2017). Physical Activity Modifies the Association between Dietary Protein and Lean Mass of Postmenopausal Women. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 117(2), 192-203e.1. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2016.10.009
  More info

  Maintenance of lean muscle mass and related strength is associated with lower risk for numerous chronic diseases of aging in women.
• Schwartz, A. L., de Heer, H. D., & Bea, J. W. (2017). Initiating Exercise Interventions to Promote Wellness in Cancer Patients and Survivors. Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.), 31(10), 711-7.
  More info

  Exercise is associated with significant reductions in the recurrence and mortality rates of several common cancers. Cancer survivors who exercise can potentially benefit from reduced levels of fatigue, and improved quality of life, physical function, and body composition (ie, healthier ratios of lean body mass to fat mass). The amount of activity required to achieve protective effects is moderate (eg, walking 30 minutes per day at 2.5 miles per hour). However, many healthcare providers report a lack of awareness of the appropriate exercise recommendations across the phases of cancer survivorship, considerations regarding the timing of exercise interventions, and the ability to refer patients to exercise programs specifically aimed at cancer survivors. The American College of Sports Medicine notes that exercise is generally safe for most cancer survivors, and inactivity should be avoided. Their guidelines for exercise call for 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity per week, and 2 days per week of resistance training (eg, with exercise bands or light weights). Survivors with lymphedema, peripheral neuropathy, breast reconstruction, central lines, and ostomies should follow specific precautions. Providing health professionals with the training and tools needed to provide adequate recommendations to their patients is essential to improving patient outcomes. To facilitate adherence among communities with the greatest need and poor access to services, cultural and environmental adaptations are critical.
• Azarbal, F., Stefanick, M. L., Assimes, T. L., Manson, J. E., Bea, J. W., Li, W., Hlatky, M. A., Larson, J. C., LeBlanc, E. S., Albert, C. M., Nassir, R., Martin, L. W., & Perez, M. V. (2016). Lean body mass and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in post-menopausal women. European heart journal, 37(20), 1606-13.
  More info

  High body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to determine whether lean body mass (LBM) predicts AF.
• Bea, J. W., Lee, M. C., Going, S. B., Hsu, C., Lohman, T. G., Blew, R. M., Lee, V. R., Caan, B., & Kwan, M. (2016). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry spine scans to determine abdominal fat in postmenopausal women. American Journal of Human Biology, 28(6), 918-926. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22892
• Bea, J. W., Thomson, C. A., Wallace, R. B., Seguin, R. A., Wu, C., Going, S. B., LaCroix, A., Eaton, C., Ockene, J. K., LaMonte, M. J., Jackson, R., Mysiw, W. J., & Wactawski-Wende, J. (2016). Changes in Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Risk of Falling in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Preventitive Medicine, 95, 103-109. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.11.025
• Klimentidis, Y. C., Bea, J. W., Thompson, P., Klimecki, W. T., Hu, C., Wu, G., Nicholas, S., Ryckman, K. K., & Chen, Z. (2016). Genetic Variant in ACVR2B Is Associated with Lean Mass. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 48(7), 1270-5.
  More info

  Low lean mass (LM) is a risk factor for chronic disease, a major cause of disability and diminished quality of life, and is a heritable trait. However, relatively few specific genetic factors have been identified as potentially influencing this trait.
• Marcum, Z. A., Wirtz, H. S., Pettinger, M., LaCroix, A. Z., Carnahan, R., Cauley, J. A., Bea, J. W., Gray, S. L., & Hanlon, J. (2016). Anticholinergic Medication Use and Falls in Postmenopausal Women: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative. BMC Geriatrics, 16(1), 76. doi:10.1186/s12877-016-0251-0
  More info

  Anticholinergic medication use has been associated with several negative health outcomes in older adults, but little is known about its risk for fractures.
• Saquib, J., King, A. C., Castro, C., Tinker, L. F., Shikany, J. M., Bea, J. W., LaCroix, A., Van Horn, L., & Stefanick, M. L. (2016). A Pilot Study on Combining Go4Life® Materials with Interactive Voice Response System to Promote Physical Activity in Older Women. Journal of Women & Aging, 28(5), 454-62. doi:10.1080/08952841.2015.1018065
• Thompson, P., Rohan, T., Zaslavsky, O., Lewis, E., Vitolins, M., Johnson, K., Bell, C., Sims, S., Bea, J. W., Hingle, M. D., Wertheim, B., Caire, G., Garcia, D. O., & Thomson, C. A. (2016). Body Shape, Adiposity Index and Mortality in Post-menopausal Women: Findings from the Women’s Health Initiative. Obesity (Silver Spring). doi:10.1002/oby.21461
• Wanigatunga, A. A., Sourdet, S. S., LaMonte, M. J., Waring, M. E., Nassir, R., Garcia, L., Bea, J. W., Seguin, R. A., Ockene, J. K., Sarto, G. E., Stefanick, M. L., Limacher, M., & Manini, T. M. (2016). Physical impairment and body weight history in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative. Public health nutrition, 19(17), 3169-3177. doi:10.1017/S1368980016001415
  More info

  To examine whether weight history and weight transitions over adult lifespan contribute to physical impairment among postmenopausal women.
• Bea, J. W., Jurutka, P. W., Hibler, E. A., Lance, P., Martínez, M. E., Roe, D. J., Sardo Molmenti, C. L., Thompson, P. A., & Jacobs, E. T. (2015). Concentrations of the Vitamin D Metabolite 1,25(OH)2D and Odds of Metabolic Syndrome and its Components. Metabolism: clinical and experimental.
  More info

  Few epidemiological studies have investigated the association between circulating concentrations of the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH)2D and metabolic syndrome. We sought to determine whether blood levels of 1,25(OH)2D are associated with metabolic syndrome and its individual components, including waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, and glucose, and high-density lipoprotein. We also investigated these associations for the more abundant precursor vitamin D metabolite, 25(OH)D.
• Bea, J. W., Thomson, C. A., Wertheim, B. C., Nicholas, J. S., Ernst, K., Hu, C., Jackson, R., Cauley, J. A., Lewis, C. E., Caan, B., Roe, D., & Chen, Z. (2015). Risk of Mortality According to Body Mass Index and Body Composition Among Postmenopausal Women. American Journal of Epidemiology.
• Hetherington-Rauth, M. C., Bea, J. W., Blew, R., Lee, V., Funk, J. L., Going, S. B., & Lohman, T. G. (2017). Comparison of direct measures of adiposity with indirect measures for predicting cardiometabolic risk factors in preadolescent girls. Nutrition Journal.
• Kabat, G. C., Xue, X., Kamensky, V., Lane, D., Bea, J. W., Chen, C., Qi, L., Stefanick, M. L., Chlebowski, R. T., Wactawski-Wende, J., Wassertheil-Smoller, S., & Rohan, T. E. (2015). Risk of breast, endometrial, colorectal, and renal cancers in postmenopausal women in association with a body shape index and other anthropometric measures. Cancer causes & control : CCC, 26(2), 219-29.
  More info

  A body shape index (ABSI) has been proposed as a possible improvement over waist circumference (WC) as a marker of abdominal adiposity because it removes the correlation of WC with body mass index (BMI) and with height. We assessed the association of ABSI with four obesity-related cancers compared to that of other anthropometric measures of adiposity.
• Klimentidis, Y. C., Bea, J. W., Lohman, T., Hsieh, P., Going, S., & Chen, Z. (2015). High genetic risk individuals benefit less from resistance exercise intervention. International journal of obesity (2005), 39(9), 1371-5.
  More info

  Genetic factors have an important role in body mass index (BMI) variation, and also likely have a role in the weight loss and body composition response to physical activity/exercise. With the recent identification of BMI-associated genetic variants, it is possible to investigate the interaction of these genetic factors with exercise on body composition outcomes.
• Marcum, Z. A., Wirtz, H. S., Pettinger, M., LaCroix, A. Z., Carnahan, R., Cauley, J. A., Bea, J. W., & Gray, S. L. (2015). Anticholinergic Medication Use and Fractures in Postmenopausal Women: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative. Drugs & aging, 32(9), 755-63.
  More info

  Anticholinergic medication use has been associated with several negative health outcomes in older adults, but little is known about its risk for fractures.
• Bea, J. W., Jacobs, L., Waits, J., Hartz, V., Martinez, S. H., Standfast, R. D., Farrell, V. A., Bawden, M., Whitmer, E., & Misner, S. (2015). Need for Specific Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Lessons for Fourth- and Fifth-Graders. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR, 47(1), 36-43.
  More info

  Objective: Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is linked to obesity. The authors hypothesized that school-based nutrition education would decrease SSB consumption.
• Bea, J. W., Martinez, S., Armstrong-Florian, T., Farrell, V., Martinez, C., Whitmer, E., Hartz, V., Blake, S., Nicolini, A., & Misner, S. (2014). US dietary and physical activity guideline knowledge and corresponding behaviors among 4th and 5th grade students: a multisite pilot study. Journal of Extension, 52(3):3RIB3.
• Chase, D. M., Gibson, S. J., Sumner, D. A., Bea, J. W., & Alberts, D. S. (2014). Appropriate Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approaches in Gynecologic Cancers. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ONCOLOGY, 15(1), 14-26.
  More info

  Gynecologic cancer patients frequently desire alternative and/or complementary interventions or medicines to aid in relief of both cancer-related and treatment-related side effects. Furthermore, women also seek treatment to aid in superior outcomes and cure rates. Unfortunately, evidence suggests that the use of complementary and/or alternative medicine (CAM) is underreported or not discussed with physicians providing cancer care. In gynecologic cancer literature, there is a lack of scientific evidence either supporting or negating CAM. Because of the lack of information available, health care providers do not have good information regarding safety, efficacy, and dose of CAM. This leads to miscommunication or absence of communication between providers and patients. Because patients do use CAM to improve quality of life (QOL) during and after treatment, it would be educational for providers to know the specific QOL deficits among patients that require attention. Thus, with the ultimate goal of improving QOL for gynecologic cancer patients, providers should be pushed to investigate CAM and determine an honest support or rejection of these therapies.
• Kabat, G. C., Kamensky, V., Heo, M., Bea, J. W., Hou, L., Lane, D. S., Liu, S., Qi, L., Simon, M. S., Wactawski-Wende, J., & Rohan, T. E. (2014). Combined conjugated esterified estrogen plus methyltestosterone supplementation and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. MATURITAS, 79(1), 70-76.
  More info

  Objectives: Testosterone supplementation is being prescribed increasingly to treat symptoms of hormone deficiency in pre- and postmenopausal women; however, studies of the association of testosterone therapy, alone or in combination with estrogen, with risk of breast cancer are limited. The current study assessed the association of combination conjugated esterified estrogen and methyltestosterone (CEE + MT) use and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).
• Zhou, Y., Chlebowski, R., LaMonte, M. J., Bea, J. W., Qi, L., Wallace, R., Lavasani, S., Walsh, B. W., Anderson, G., Vitolins, M., Sarto, G., & Irwin, M. L. (2014). Body mass index, physical activity, and mortality in women diagnosed with ovarian cancer: Results from the Women's Health Initiative. GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY, 133(1), 4-10.
  More info

  Background. Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at late stages and consequently the 5-year survival rate is only 44%. However, there is limited knowledge of the association of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and obesity on mortality among women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. The purpose of our study was to prospectively investigate the association of (1) measured body mass index (BMI), and (2) self-reported physical activity with ovarian cancer-specific and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).
• Goodman, D., Park, H. L., Stefanick, M., LeBlanc, E. S., Bea, J. W., Qi, L., Kapphahn, K., Lamonte, M., Manini, T., Desai, M., & Anton-Culver, H. (2013). Relation Between Self-Recalled Childhood Physical Activity And Adult Physical Activity: The Women’s Health Initiative. Open Journal of Epidemiology, 3(4).
• Haring, B., Pettinger, M., Bea, J. W., Wactawski-Wende, J., Carnahan, R. M., Ockene, J. K., von Ballmoos, M. W., Wallace, R. B., & Wassertheil-Smoller, S. (2013). Laxative use and incident falls, fractures and change in bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative. BMC GERIATRICS, 13.
  More info

  Background: Laxatives are among the most widely used over-the-counter medications in the United States but studies examining their potential hazardous side effects are sparse. Associations between laxative use and risk for fractures and change in bone mineral density [BMD] have not previously been investigated.
• Kabat, G. C., Anderson, M. L., Heo, M., Hosgood, H. D., Kamensky, V., Bea, J. W., Hou, L., Lane, D. S., Wactawski-Wende, J., Manson, J. E., & Rohan, T. E. (2013). Adult Stature and Risk of Cancer at Different Anatomic Sites in a Cohort of Postmenopausal Women. CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION, 22(8), 1353-1363.
  More info

  Background: Prospective studies in Western and Asian populations suggest that height is a risk factor for various cancers. However, few studies have explored potential confounding or effect modification of the association by other factors.
• Sims, S. T., Kubo, J., Desai, M., Bea, J., Beasley, J. M., Manson, J. E., Allison, M., Seguin, R. A., Chen, Z., Michael, Y. L., Sullivan, S. D., Beresford, S., & Stefanick, M. L. (2013). Changes in physical activity and body composition in postmenopausal women over time. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 45(8), 1486-92.
  More info

  Higher physical activity (PA) has been associated with greater attenuation of body fat gain and preservation of lean mass across the lifespan. These analyses aimed to determine relationships of change in PA to changes in fat and lean body mass in a longitudinal prospective study of postmenopausal women.
• Kabat, G. C., Kim, M. Y., Jean-Wactawski-Wende, ., Bea, J. W., Edlefsen, K. L., Adams-Campbell, L. L., De Roos, A. J., & Rohan, T. E. (2012). Anthropometric factors, physical activity, and risk of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the Women's Health Initiative. CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY, 36(1), 52-59.
  More info

  Background: Incidence rates of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) increased substantially in the United States and worldwide during the latter part of the 20th century, but little is known about its etiology. Obesity is associated with impaired immune function through which it may influence the risk of NHL; other factors reflecting energy homeostasis (height, abdominal adiposity, and physical activity) may also be involved. Methods: We examined the association of anthropometric factors and physical activity with risk of NHL and its major subtypes in a large cohort of women aged 50-79 years old who were enrolled at 40 clinical centers in the United States between 1993 and 1998. Over a mean follow-up period of 11 years, 1123 cases of NHL were identified among 158,975 women. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Height at baseline was positively associated with risk of all NHL and with that of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HRs(q4vs.q1) 1.19, 95% CI 1.00-1.43 and 1.43, 95% CI 1.01-2.03, respectively). Measures of obesity and abdominal adiposity at baseline were not associated with risk. Hazard ratios for NHL were increased for women in the highest quartile of weight and body mass index at age 18 (HRs(q4vs.q1) 1.29, 95% CI 1.01-1.65 and 1.27, 95% CI 1.01-1.59, respectively). Some measures of recreational physical activity were modestly associated with increased risk of NHL overall, but there were no clear associations with specific subtypes. Conclusion: Our findings regarding anthropometric measures are consistent with those of several previous reports, suggesting that early life influences on growth and immune function may influence the risk of NHL later in life. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Bea, J. W., Wright, N. C., Thompson, P., Hu, C., Guerra, S., & Chen, Z. (2011). Performance evaluation of a multiplex assay for future use in biomarker discovery efforts to predict body composition. CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE, 49(5), 817-824.
  More info

  Background: Interest in biomarker patterns and disease has led to the development of immunoassays that evaluate multiple analytes in parallel while using little sample. However, there are no current standards for multiplex configuration, validation, and quality. Thus, validation by platform, population, and question of interest is recommended. We sought to determine the best blood fraction for multiplex evaluation of circulating biomarkers in post-menopausal women, and to explore body composition phenotype discrimination by biomarkers.
• Bea, J. W., Zhao, Q., Cauley, J. A., LaCroix, A. Z., Bassford, T., Lewis, C. E., Jackson, R. D., Tylavsky, F. A., & Chen, Z. (2011). Effect of hormone therapy on lean body mass, falls, and fractures: 6-year results from the Women's Health Initiative hormone trials. MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY, 18(1), 44-52.
  More info

  Objective: Loss of lean body mass with aging may contribute to falls and fractures. The objective of this analysis was to determine if taking postmenopausal hormone therapy (or HT: estrogen plus progestogen therapy or estrogen therapy alone) favorably affects age-related changes in lean body mass and if these changes partially account for decreased falls or fractures with HT.
• Bea, J. W., & Lohman, T. (2010). Long-term weight loss and chronic disease. International Journal of Body Composition Research. International Journal of Body Composition Research, 8, S21-S28.
• Bea, J. W., Cussler, E. C., Going, S. B., Blew, R. M., Metcalfe, L. L., & Lohman, T. G. (2010). Resistance Training Predicts 6-yr Body Composition Change in Postmenopausal Women. MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 42(7), 1286-1295.
  More info

  BEA, J. W., E. C. CUSSLER, S. B. GOING, R. M. BLEW, L. L. METCALFE, and T. G. LOHMAN. Resistance Training Predicts 6-yr Body Composition Change in Postmenopausal Women. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 1286-1295, 2010. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the association of exercise frequency (ExFreq) and volume (total weight lifted by military press and squats (SQ)) with change in body composition among postmenopausal women participating in a progressive resistance training study. Methods: Previously, sedentary women (n = 122, age = 56.3 + 4.3 yr) were followed for 6 yr. At 6 yr, there were women who had been randomly assigned to resistance training at baseline (n = 65) controls that were permitted to cross over to the exercise program at 1 yr (n = 32) and 25 true controls. Exercisers and crossovers directed to perform eight core exercises for two sets of eight repetitions at 70%-80% of one-repetition maximum, three times weekly, plus progressive weight bearing, stretching, and balance. Body weight and fat were measured at baseline and annually using anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: Average change in body weight and total body fat were 0.83 +/- 5.39 and 0.64 +/- 4.95 kg at 6 yr, respectively. In multiple linear regression, ExFreq, military press, and SQ were significantly inversely associated with change in body weight (standardized beta coefficient (SBC) = -0.22 to -0.28, P < 0.01), fat (SBC = -0.25 to -0.33, P < 0.01), and trunk fat (SBC = -0.20 to -0.31, P < 0.03) after adjusting for age, years on hormone therapy, change in lean soft tissue, baseline body composition, and baseline habitual exercise. The lowest tertile of SQ (equivalent to 2.5% attendance) demonstrated significant gain in weight, fat, and trunk fat over 6 yr (P < 0.004), whereas the highest tertile SQ (equivalent to 64% attendance) was able to maintain their weight, total, and regional fat. Conclusions: We conclude that resistance training is a viable long-term method to prevent weight gain and deleterious changes in body composition in postmenopausal women.
• Bea, J. W., Lohman, T. G., Cussler, E. C., Going, S. B., & Thompson, P. A. (2010). Lifestyle Modifies the Relationship Between Body Composition and Adrenergic Receptor Genetic Polymorphisms, ADRB2, ADRB3 and ADRA2B: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Physical Activity Among Postmenopausal Women. BEHAVIOR GENETICS, 40(5), 649-659.
  More info

  Genetic variations in the adrenergic receptor (ADR) have been associated with body composition in cross-sectional studies. Recent findings suggest that ADR variants may also modify body composition response to lifestyle. We assessed the role of ADR variants in body composition response to 12 months of resistance training versus control in previously sedentary postmenopausal women. Randomized trial completers were genotyped for A2B (Glu9/12) by fragment length analysis, and B2 (Gln27Glu) and B3 (Trp64Arg) by TaqMan (n = 148, 54% hormone therapy users). Associations between genotypes and body composition, by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analyzed using univariate models. There was no main effect of individual genes on change in body composition, however, gene x exercise interactions were observed for A2B (Glu9/12) and B2 (Gln27Glu) on change in lean soft tissue (LST, p = 0.02); exercisers on the A2B (Glu9-) background gained LST compared to a loss among controls over 12 months (p < 0.05), with no significant intervention effect on the A2B (Glu9+) background. Similarly, there was a significant LST gain with exercise on the B2 (Glu27+) background compared to loss among controls and no intervention effect on the B2 (Glu27-) background. A non-significant association between total body fat (TBF) and B3 (Trp64Arg) persisted among sedentary controls only when intervention groups were separated (%TBF gain with B3 (Arg64+) carriage, p = 0.03); exercisers lost TBF regardless of genotype. In summary, effect modification by lifestyle was demonstrated on ADRA2B, B2, and B3 genetic backgrounds. Individuals with certain ADR genotypes may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in body composition with sedentary behavior, thus these candidate genes warrant further study.
• Stendell-Hollis, N. R., Thomson, C. A., Thompson, P. A., Bea, J. W., Cussler, E. C., & Hakim, I. A. (2010). Green tea improves metabolic biomarkers, not weight or body composition: a pilot study in overweight breast cancer survivors. JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS, 23(6), 590-600.
  More info

  Background:
• Thomson, C. A., Stopeck, A. T., Bea, J. W., Cussler, E., Nardi, E., Frey, G., & Thompson, P. A. (2010). Changes in Body Weight and Metabolic Indexes in Overweight Breast Cancer Survivors Enrolled in a Randomized Trial of Low-Fat vs. Reduced Carbohydrate Diets. NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 62(8), 1142-1152.
  More info

  Overweight status is common among women breast cancer survivors and places them at greater risk for metabolic disorders, cardiovascular morbidity, and breast cancer recurrence than nonoverweight survivors. Efforts to promote weight control in this population are needed. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet counseling on weight loss, body composition, and changes in metabolic indexes in overweight postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Survivors (n= 40) were randomized to receive dietitian counseling for a low-fat or a reduced carbohydrate diet for 6 mo. Weight and metabolic measures, including glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA, lipids, hsCRP, as well as blood pressure were measured at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 wk. Dietary intake of fat and carbohydrate was reduced by 24 and 76g/day, respectively. Weight loss averaged 6.1 (+/- 4.8 kg) at 24 wk and was not significantly different by diet group; loss of lean mass was also demonstrated. All subjects demonstrated improvements in total/HDL cholesterol ratio, and significant reductions in HbA1c, insulin, and HOMA. Triglycerides levels were significantly reduced only in the low-carbohydrate diet group (-31.1 +/- 36.6; P= 0.01). Significant improvements in weight and metabolic indexes can be demonstrated among overweight breast cancer survivors adherent to either a carbohydrate- or fat-restricted diet.
• Thomson, C. A., Thompson, P. A., Wright-Bea, J., Nardi, E., Frey, G. R., & Stopeck, A. (2009). Metabolic syndrome and elevated C-reactive protein in breast cancer survivors on adjuvant hormone therapy. Journal of women's health (2002), 18(12), 2041-7.
  More info

  As the efficacy of treatment for breast cancer has improved, particularly with the use of antiestrogenic therapies, there is an increasing population of long-term breast cancer survivors who seeks care with unique health issues. These patients may be at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) resulting from excess adiposity and treatment effects. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), two predictors of CVD, have not been fully evaluated in overweight breast cancer survivors on hormone-modulating agents.
• Lohman, T. G., & Wright, J. (2004). Maintenance of long-term weight loss: future directions. Quest: Official Journal of the National Association for Kinesiology and Physical Education in Higher Education, 56 (1), 105-119.

Presentations

• Haskie, K., Thuraisingam, R., Lane, T., Bea, J. W., de Heer, H., & Schwarz, A. (2017, September). Physical Activity and Cancer among Native American cancer survivors: a pilot study (phase 2)—Preliminary baseline results. American Indian Science and Engineering Society National Conference. Denver, CO: American Indian Science and Engineering Society.
• Eaton, C., Bea, J. W., Larson, J. C., Chomistek, A. K., Manson, J. E., Li, W., Lewis, C. E., Johnson, K. C., Wactkawski-Wende, J., & Lamonte, M. (2016, Nov). Physical Activity and Risk of Heart Failure with Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction in the Combined Women’s Health Initiative Clinical Trial and Observational Studies. American Heart Association National Meeting. New Orleans, LA.
• Lamonte, M., Bea, J. W., Larson, J. C., Manson, J. E., Chomistek, A. K., Li, W., Lewis, C. E., Johnson, K. C., Wactkawski-Wende, J., & Eaton, C. (2016, Nov). Physical Activity and Heart Failure Incidence Among Postmenopausal Women in the Women’s Health Initiative Studies. American Heart Association National Meeting. New Orleans, LA.
• Solomon, T. G., Gachupin, F. C., Bea, J. W., & Koithan, M. S. (2015, March). Cancer care disparities among Native American populations. UA College of Nursing Health Equity Research Seminar Series..

Poster Presentations

• Bea, J. W., Wertheim, B., Mosqueria, L., Lee, V., Blew, R., Hetherington-Rauth, M., & Going, S. B. (2018, April). Comparison of Field Measures Versus Imaging and Total Versus Regional Body Composition in Predicting Inflammation in Preadolescent Hispanic Girls. Experimental Biology 2018. San Diego, CA: FASEB.
• Thomson, C. A., Lefkowits, C., Hile, E., Walker, J., Crane, T. E., & Bea, J. W. (2018, Fall). Abstract: Design of PrEvention of Falls among OldeR Multiethnic gynecologic cANcEr patients (PErFORM ANEw). UACC Scientific Retreat. Tucson, AZ: UACC.
• Hetherington-Rauth, M., Bea, J. W., Lee, V., Funk, J. L., Blew, R., & Going, S. B. (2017, October). Effect of cardiometabolic risk factors on relationship between adiposity and bone measures in girls. Obesity Week. Washington, DC: The Obesity Society.
• Irving, A., Blew, R., Lee, V., Going, S. B., & Bea, J. W. (2017, January). Using dual x-ray absorptiometry spine scans to determine total abdominal fat. Annual Undergraduate Biology Research Program (UBRP) Conference, University of Arizona. Tucson Arizona.
• Mosqueria, L., Bea, J. W., Lee, V., Blew, R., & Going, S. (2017, August). Total Body Fat and Abdominal Obesity are Associated with Increased Subclinical Chronic Inflammation in Hispanic Girls. Undergraduate Research Opportunities Consortium Annual Conference. Tucson, AZ: Undergraduate Biology Research Program.
• Valdez, L., de Heer, H., Schwartz, A., Kinslow, B., Yazzie, E., Lee, M., Nez, P., Delgai, S., & Bea, J. W. (2017, June). Physical activity among Navajo cancer survivors: a qualitative study. American College of Sports Medicine Annual Conference. Denver, CO: American College of Sports Medicine.
• Bea, J. W., Bea, J. W., Crane, T. E., Crane, T. E., Jacobs, E. T., Jacobs, E. T., Thompson, P. A., Thompson, P. A., Garcia, D. O., Garcia, D. O., Thomson, C. A., & Thomson, C. A. (2016, November). Abstract: Cruciferous vegetable intake is associated with changes in inflammatory biomarkers among breast cancer survivors in a physical activity program. American Institute for Cancer Research. Washington DC.
• Bea, J. W., Crane, T. E., Jacobs, E. T., Thompson, P., Garcia, D. O., & Thomson, C. A. (2016, Nov). Cruciferous vegetable intake is associated with changes in inflammatory biomarkers among breast cancer survivors in a physical activity program. American Institute for Cancer Research Annual Conference. North Bethesda, MD.
• Harris, R., Bea, J. W., Chang, Y., Johnson, K., Beavers, K., Laddu, D., LeBoff, M., Womack, C., Wallace, R., Li, W., & Cauley, J. (2016, September). The Risk of Fracture among Women with Sarcopenia, Low Bone Mass or Both. American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Denver, CO.
• Hetherington-Rauth, M. C., Bea, J. W., Blew, R., Lee, V., Funk, J. L., & Going, S. B. (2016, October 31). Comparison of direct measures of adiposity with indirect measures for predicting cardiometabolic risk factors in preadolescent girls. The Obesity Society, Obesity Week. New Orleans, LA.
• Irving, A., Blew, R., Lee, V., Going, S. B., & Bea, J. W. (2016, August). Using dual x-ray absorptiometry spine scans to determine total abdominal fat. Native American Cancer Prevention Program (NACP) BRIDGES Summer Conference. Flagstaff, AZ.
• Lee, M., Cleaveland, S., Nez, P., Delgai, S., Haski, K., Yazzie, E., Valdez, L., Schwartz, A., de Heer, H., & Bea, J. W. (2016, January). Physical Activity Among Native American Cancer Survivors: Discussion of Preliminary Findings of Focus Groups. Annual Undergraduate Biology Research Program (UBRP) Conference. Tucson, AZ.
• Bea, J. W., Crane, T. E., Jacobs, E. T., Thompson, P. A., Garcia, D. O., & Thomson, C. A. (2016, November). Abstract: Cruciferous vegetable intake is associated with changes in inflammatory biomarkers among breast cancer survivors in a physical activity program. American Institute for Cancer Research. Washington DC.
• Bea, J. W., Lee, V., Blew, R. M., Funk, J., & Going, S. B. (2015, April). Cardiovascular Risk Related to Body Fat and Physical Activity in Young Girls. Experimental Biology. Boston, MA.
• Bea, J. W., Thompson, P., Garcia, D. O., Stopeck, A. T., & Thomson, C. A. (2015, March). Factors influencing skeletal muscle improvements among breast cancer survivors involved in weight-bearing physical activity. American Society of Preventive Oncology.
• Hingle, M., Wertheim, B., Bea, J. W., Garcia, D. O., Neuhouser, M., Seguin, R., Snetsaalar, L., Tinker, L., Waring, M., & Thomson, C. A. (2015, November). Dietary energy density and weight change in the Women’s Health Init. The Obesity Society, Obesity Week Conference. Los Angeles, CA.
• Lee, M., Bea, J. W., Lee, V., Blew, R., Schiferl, D., & Going, S. B. (2015, November). Peripheral QCT Estimates of Subcutaneous and Intermuscular Fat is highly correlated with MRI measures in Young Girls. The Obesity Society, Obesity Week Conference. Los Angeles, CA.
• Martinez, S., Farrell, V., Misner, S. L., Bea, J. W., Armstrong Florian, T. L., & Jacobs, L. E. (2014, July). Change in Nutrition and Physical Activity Behaviors Among SNAP - Eligible 4th and 5th Grade Students: A Multi - County Study. Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior Annual Conference. Milwaukee: Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior.
• Farrell, V., Bawden, M., Martinez, S., Misner, S. L., Bea, J. W., Armstrong Florian, T. L., & Jacobs, L. E. (2013, August). Sugary Beverage Consumption, Not Water, Increases in Springtime Among Low - income Arizona 4th and 5th graders. Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Portland: Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior.
• Nurss, E., Farrell, V., Bea, J. W., Going, S. B., & Jacobs, L. E. (2011, June). Strategies from Teachers to Increase Partici pation in School - based Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Nutrition Education (SNAP - Ed): Excerpts from a Pilot Study. Childhood Obesity Conference. San Diego: California Department of Public Health, California Department of Education, Nutrition Policy Institute UC Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, The California Endowment, and Kaiser Permanente.