Keith R Primeau

Interests

Teaching

Student and Resident wellness and resilience,Financial literacy,Bedside Clinical Interactions,Population Health,Evidence-Based Decision Making,Critical appraisal of emerging evidence in medicine

Research

critical appraisal,Graduate medical education,Cognitive Errors in clinical decision making

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Journals/Publications

• Primeau, K. (2025).

  Epidemiology of 9-1-1 Calls for Opioid Overdose in Nogales, Arizona

  . Western Journal of Emergency Medicine.
• Vandergrift, L. A., Rice, A. D., Primeau, K., Gaither, J. B., Munn, R. D., Hannan, P. L., Knotts, M. C., Hollen, A., Stevens, B., Lara, J., & Glenn, M. (2025).

  Precipitated Withdrawal Induced by Prehospital Naloxone Administration

  . Prehospital emergency care, 1-7.
  More info

  Buprenorphine is becoming a key component of prehospital management of opioid use disorder. It is unclear how many prehospital patients might be eligible for buprenorphine induction, as traditional induction requires that patients first have some degree of opioid withdrawal. The primary aim of this study was to quantify how many patients developed precipitated withdrawal after receiving prehospital naloxone for suspected overdose, as they could be candidates for prehospital buprenorphine. The secondary objective was to identify associated factors contributing to precipitated withdrawal, including dose of naloxone administered, and identify rate of subsequent transport.
• Arcaris, B., Gaither, J. B., Glenn, M. J., Hannan, P., Hollen, A., Jado, I., Mcdonough, S., Primeau, K., Rice, A. D., & Spaite, D. W. (2021). Refusals After Prehospital Administration of Naloxone during the COVID-19 Pandemic.. Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors, 25(1), 46-54. doi:10.1080/10903127.2020.1834656
  More info

  To determine if COVID-19 was associated with a change in patient refusals after Emergency Medical Services (EMS) administration of naloxone..This is a retrospective cohort study in which the incidence of refusals after naloxone administration in a single EMS system was evaluated. The number of refusals after naloxone administration was compared across the before-pandemic interval (01/01/20 to 02/15/20) and the during-pandemic interval (03/16/20 to 04/30/20). For comparison the incidence of all other patient refusals before and during COVID-19 as well as the incidences of naloxone administration before and during COVID-19 were also reported..Prior to the widespread knowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic, 24 of 164 (14.6%) patients who received naloxone via EMS refused transport. During the pandemic, 55 of 153 (35.9%) patients who received naloxone via EMS refused transport. Subjects receiving naloxone during the COVID-19 pandemic were at greater risk of refusal of transport than those receiving naloxone prior to the pandemic (RR = 2.45; 95% CI 1.6-3.76). Among those who did not receive naloxone, 2067 of 6956 (29.7%) patients were not transported prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and 2483 of 6016 (41.3%) were not transported during the pandemic. Subjects who did not receive naloxone with EMS were at greater risk of refusal of transport during the COVID-19 pandemic than prior to it (RR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.32-1.46)..In this single EMS system, more than a two-fold increase in the rate of refusal after non-fatal opioid overdose was observed following the COVID-19 outbreak.
• Gaither, J. B., Spaite, D. W., Arcaris, B., McDonough, S., Hannan, P., Jado, I., Hollen, A., Primeau, K., Rice, A., & Glenn, M. (2021). Refusals after prehospital administration of naloxone during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prehospital Emergency Care, 25(1), 46-54. doi:10.1080/10903127.2020.1834656
  More info

  Glenn MJ, Rice AD, Primeau K, Hollen A, Jado I, Hannan P, McDonough S, Arcaris B, Spaite DW, Gaither JB: Refusals after prehospital administration of naloxone during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2020. Epub 2020 November 3. DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2020.1834656. PubMed PMID: 33054530
• Glenn, M., Rice, A., Primeau, K., Hollen, A., Jado, I., Hannan, P., McDonough, S., Arcaris, B., Spaite, D. W., & Gaither, J. B. (2020). Refusals after prehospital administration of naloxone during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prehospital Emergency Care. doi:10.1080/10903127.2020.1834656
  More info

  Glenn MJ, Rice AD, Primeau K, Hollen A, Jado I, Hannan P, McDonough S, Arcaris B, Spaite DW, Gaither JB: Refusals after prehospital administration of naloxone during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2020. Epub 2020 November 3. DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2020.1834656. PubMed PMID: 33054530

Presentations

• Primeau, K., Ng, V., & Hiller, K. M. (2015, April). Characterizing resident and faculty evaluation of medical students using a mock medical student patient presentation video.. Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors Academic Assembly.. Phoenix: Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors.
• Primeau, K., & Joseph, E. (2009, February). Risk Factors for Enterovirus 71 infection in Tianjin Municipality, China in 2008.. University of Michigan Global Health Research Seminar.. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan School of Public Health, NIF Fogarty International Center.

Poster Presentations

• Glenn, M., Rice, A., Munn, R., Hannan, P., Primeau, K., & Gaither, J. B. (2024, January 8-13). Examination of the Relationship between Opiate Overdoses, EMS Refusals, and COVID-19 Case-Spikes: Schwyhart RE, Glenn M, Vandergrift L, Rice AD, Liu J, Munn R, Hannan PL, Hollen A, Primeau K, Gaither JB. . Presented at the Annual Scientific Assembly of the National Association of EMS Physicians. Austin, Texas.
• Lindsey, V., Adrienne, H., Melody, G., Amber, R., Primeau, K., Joshua, G., Phillip, H., & Rachel, M. (2024, Winter). Prehospital Naloxone Administration and Subsequent Treatment for Precipitated Opioid Withdrawal. National Association of EMS Physicians Annual Meeting. Austin, TX.
• Primeau, K., & Edgar, P. (2010, May). Post-operative recovery from hip fracture in an Acute Care for Elders unit.. Society for General Internal Medicine Annual Meeting. Pheonix, AZ.