Francine C Gachupin

Interests

Research

Behavioral and Vascular Risks; Youth; Elders; Chronic Diseases; Health Disparities

Teaching

Human Subjects Protection especially regarding biospecimens; Health Disparities

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Books

• Joe, J. R., & Gachupin, F. C. (2012). Health and social issues of native American women. Praeger.
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  Acknowledgements Foreword Judith Salmon Kaur 1: Introduction Jennie R. Joe and Francine C. Gachupin 2: Changing and Diverse Roles of Women in American Indian Culture Teresa D. LaFromboise and Bayley J. Marquez 3: Alaska Native Women: Forty Years of Sociocultural change Rosita Kaahani Worl 4: The Impact of Federal Government Policies on American Indian and Alaska Native Health Care Terry M. Maresca 5: Health Disparity: The Morbidity and Mortality Picture Linda Burhanisstipanov 6: Becoming an Elder: Native Women Aging Emily A. Haozous and R. Turner Goins 7: Addressing Food Security and Food Sovereignty in Native American Communities Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan 8: The Struggle with the Devastation of Diabetes Jennie R. Joe 9: Domestic Violence in American Indian Communities: Background, Culture, and Legal Issues Mary Rogers and Jennifer Giroux 10. Native American Women: HIV/AIDS Risk and Activism Irene S. Vernon 11. Differences in Cancer Patterns in American Indian/Alaska Native Women Across the U.S. Teshia G. Arambula Solomon and Carol Goldtooth-Begay 12. Three Native Sister: Being Young and the Need to Fit-in Nina S. Wampler and Lorenda Belone 13. Protections to Consider when Engaging American Indians/ Alaska Natives in Human Subject Research Francine C. Guchapin 14. Contributors' Biographies

Journals/Publications

• Gachupin, F. C., Lee, B. R., Chipollini, J., Pulling, K. R., Cruz, A., Wong, A. C., Valencia, C. I., Hsu, C., & Batai, K. (2022). Renal Cell Carcinoma Surgical Treatment Disparities in American Indian/Alaska Natives and Hispanic Americans in Arizona. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1185; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031185.
• Briehl, M. M., Teufel-Shone, N. I., Lluria-Prevatt, M. C., Laurila, K. A., Ingram, J. C., & Gachupin, F. C. (2020). NACP: Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention. Cancer Health Disparities. doi:doi:10.9777/chd.2020.1002
• Gachupin, F. C., Roe, D., Caston, E., Chavez, C., Bernal, J., Cager, P., Harris, D., John, T., Remitera, J., Garcia, C. A., Romero, V., Gchachu, K., Gchachu, C., Gchachu, V., Garcia, K., Gchachu, B., Rens, E., Slowtalker, J., Blew, R., , Tracy, K., et al. (2021). Primary Disease Prevention for Southwest American Indian Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Camp in a Box.. Frontiers.
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  Gachupin FC, Caston E, Chavez C, Bernal J, Cager P, Harris D, John T, Remitera J, Garcia CA, Romero V, Gchachu KE, Gchachu CR, Gchachu V, Garcia K, Gchachu BM, Rens E, Slowtalker J, Blew R, Tracy K, Figueroa T, Thomson CA, Ranjbar N, Hingle M, O’Connor, Roe D, Grant V, Swick S, Joe JR. Primary Disease Prevention for Southwest American Indian Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Camp in a Box. Frontiers.
• Lee, B. R., Wong, A. C., Valencia, C. I., Lee, B. R., Hsu, C. H., Gachupin, F. C., Chipollini, J., Batai, K., & Asmar, S. (2021). Renal Cell Carcinoma Health Disparities in Stage and Mortality among American Indians/Alaska Natives and Hispanic Americans: Comparison of National Cancer Database and Arizona Cancer Registry Data.. Cancers, 13(5). doi:10.3390/cancers13050990
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  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the top 10 cancers in the United States. This study assessed RCC health disparities in American Indians/Alaska Natives (AIs/ANs) and Hispanic Americans (HAs) focusing on advanced-stage and mortality. RCC patients' data were obtained from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and Arizona Cancer Registry (ACR). Logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to ascertain the effect of race/ethnicity on stage and mortality, adjusting for neighborhood socioeconomic factors, rural/urban residence pattern, and other factors. In both data sets, AIs/ANs had significantly increased odds of advanced-stage RCC in the unadjusted model, but not in adjusted models. Mexican Americans had higher odds of advanced-stage compared to non-Hispanic Whites in NCDB (OR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11-1.35) and ACR (OR 2.02, 95% CI: 1.58-2.58), even after adjusting for neighborhood characteristics. AIs/ANs did not show increased mortality risk in NCDB after adjusting for neighborhood characteristics, while the association remained significant in ACR (HR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03-1.72). The great risk of all-cause and RCC-specific mortality was observed in U.S.-born Mexican Americans in Arizona (HR 3.21, 95% CI: 2.61-3.98 and sub-distribution HR 2.79, 95% CI: 2.05-3.81). RCC disparities in AIs/ANs is partially explained by neighborhood factors, but not in HAs.
• Popescu, M., Parra, D. C., Kapp, J. M., Johnston, S. L., Gachupin, F. C., & Eyler, A. A. (2021). Disparities in Text Messaging Interventions to Improve Diabetes Management in the United States.. Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association, 34(1), 34-41. doi:10.2337/ds19-0071
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  Substantial progress has been made in the development of evidence-based interventions to facilitate the management of type 2 diabetes. The increase in ownership of mobile phones has made short messaging services (SMS, or text messaging) a feasible way to enhance information delivery. The goals of this study were to 1) summarize characteristics of diabetes SMS interventions implemented in the United States and 2) identify the extent to which disadvantaged populations are represented in SMS-based diabetes management intervention studies. We conducted a literature search to identify published studies of type 2 diabetes self-management SMS interventions conducted with adults in the United States. Of the 792 articles retrieved, only 9 met inclusion criteria. We systematically extracted data on the theoretical basis, recruitment, incentives, inclusion/exclusion criteria, strategies toward ensuring a racially/ethnically or income-diverse sample, text message delivery, and study duration. Sixty-three percent of the participants across the nine studies were non-white. Only two studies reported participants' education level, and four captured non-English-speaking status. Interventions varied in offering one-way, two-way, or a combination of messaging strategies. Five studies did not describe cultural adaptations or report results separately for different cultural groups. None of the studies provided cell phones, and not having texting capability was an exclusion criterion for six studies. There is a dearth of published research on type 2 diabetes management interventions using text messaging among racially/ethnically or income-diverse populations. Future interventions should be better tailored to these target populations and include the collection of complete sociodemographic data and cell phone/smartphone availability, thereby ensuring cultural appropriateness.
• Tracy, K., Thomson, C. A., Swick, S. D., Slowtalker, J., Romero, V. M., Roe, D. J., Rens, E., Remitera, J., Ranjbar, N., O'connor, T. M., John, T., Joe, J. R., Hingle, M., Harris, D., Grant, V., Gchachu, V., Gchachu, K. E., Gchachu, C. R., Gchachu, B. M., , Garcia, K., et al. (2021). Primary Disease Prevention for Southwest American Indian Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Camp in a Box.. Frontiers in sociology, 6, 611972. doi:10.3389/fsoc.2021.611972
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  The goal of the American Indian Youth Wellness Camp in a Box was to engage, educate and empower families to improve their health and overall well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Camp in a Box was a 9-week program, inclusive of a 1-week intensive camp component followed by an 8-week booster component with content focused on nutrition, mental health and physical activity education. The Camp in a Box is a Tribal/Urban Indian-University partnership, and materials were developed to replace an existing weeklong residential camp and to comply with social distancing guidelines. Fourteen American Indian families from Tribal/Urban Indian communities in the southwestern United States participated (36 children aged 2-18 years; 32 adults). The intensive camp week included daily materials for families to complete together, Monday through Friday. Materials were provided for approximately 4 h of activities per day. The booster sessions began after camp week and included approximately 4 h of supplementary activities designed to be completed at any time most convenient for the family over the course of the week. Activities were designed to encourage interaction among family members with materials and supplies for parents and youth to participate. Self-reported outcomes suggested that families changed their eating habits to include more vegetables, less sweets and junk food. Parents reported an increase in family physical activity and that the activities brought the family closer together. Our Camp in a Box program was feasible and well-received until school began. During camp week, 100% of recruited families participated; at Booster Week 8, ten families (71%) remained enrolled and active. Camp in a Box is a feasible alternative to residential camps for promotion of health behaviors associated with metabolic disease prevention among American Indian families. In contrast to residential camps for youth, Camp in a Box offers an opportunity to engage the entire family in health promotion activities.
• Tracy, K., Thomson, C. A., Swick, S., Slowtalker, J., Romero, V. M., Roe, D. J., Rens, E., Remitera, J., Ranjbar, N., O'connor, T. M., John, T., Joe, J. R., Hingle, M., Harris, D., Grant, V., Gchachu, V., Gchachu, K. E., Gchachu, C. R., Gchachu, B. M., , Garcia, K., et al. (2021). Primary Disease Prevention for Southwest American Indian Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Camp in a Box. Frontiers in Sociology, 6. doi:10.3389/fsoc.2021.611972
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  The goal of the American Indian Youth Wellness Camp in a Box was to engage, educate and empower families to improve their health and overall well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Camp in a Box was a nine-week program, inclusive of a one-week intensive camp component followed by an eight-week booster component with content focused on nutrition, mental health and physical activity education. The Camp in a Box is a Tribal Entity-University partnership, and materials were developed to replace an existing weeklong residential camp and to comply with social distancing guidelines. Fourteen American Indian families from Tribal communities in the southwestern United States (U.S.) participated (36 children aged 2-18 years; 32 adults). The intensive camp week included daily materials for families to complete together, Monday through Friday. Materials were provided for approximately four hours of activities per day. The booster sessions began after camp week and included approximately four hours of supplementary activities designed to be completed at any time most convenient for the family over the course of the week. Activities were designed to encourage interaction among family members with materials and supplies for parents and youth to participate. Self-reported outcomes suggested that families changed their eating habits to include more vegetables, less sweets and junk food. Parents reported an increase in family physical activity and that the activities brought the family closer together. Our Camp in a Box program was feasible and well-received until school began. During camp week, 100% of recruited families participated; at Booster Week 8, ten families (71%) remained enrolled and active. Camp in a Box is a feasible alternative to residential camps for promotion of health behaviors associated with metabolic disease prevention among American Indian families. In contrast to residential camps for youth, Camp in a Box offers an opportunity to engage the entire family in health promotion activities.
• Eyler, A., Gachupin, F. C., Johnston, S., Kapp, J., Parra, D., & Popescu, M. (2020). Disparities in Text Messaging Interventions to Improve Diabetes Management in the United States. Diabetes Spectrum. doi:10.2337/ds19-0071
• Hiratsuka, V. Y., Hahn, M. J., Woodbury, R. B., Hull, S. C., Wilson, D. R., Bonham, V. L., Dillard, D. A., , A. N., Avey, J. P., Beckel-Mitchener, A. C., Blome, J., Claw, K., Ferucci, E. D., Gachupin, F. C., Ghazarian, A., Hindorff, L., Jooma, S., Trinidad, S. B., Troyer, J., & Walajahi, H. (2020). Alaska Native genomic research: perspectives from Alaska Native leaders, federal staff, and biomedical researchers. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics, 22(12), 1935-1943.
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  Meaningful engagement of Alaska Native (AN) tribes and tribal health organizations is essential in the conduct of socially responsible and ethical research. As genomics becomes increasingly important to advancements in medicine, there is a risk that populations not meaningfully included in genomic research will not benefit from the outcomes of that research. AN people have historically been underrepresented in biomedical research; AN underrepresentation in genomics research is compounded by mistrust based on past abuses, concerns about privacy and data ownership, and cultural considerations specific to this type of research. Working together, the National Human Genome Research Institute and two Alaska Native health organizations, Southcentral Foundation and the Alaska Native Health Board, cosponsored a workshop in July 2018 to engage key stakeholders in discussion, strengthen relationships, and facilitate partnership and consideration of participation of AN people in community-driven biomedical and genomic research. AN priorities related to translation of genomics research to health and health care, return of genomic results, design of research studies, and data sharing were discussed. This report summarizes the perspectives that emerged from the dialogue and offers considerations for effective and socially responsible genomic research partnerships with AN communities.
• Lee, B. R., Pollock, G. R., Lee, B. R., Gachupin, F. C., Chipollini, J., Batai*, K., & Batai, K. (2020). MP50-04 ASSESSMENT OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA SURGICAL DISPARITIES IN AMERICAN INDIANS AND HISPANIC AMERICANS. The Journal of Urology, 203, e752-e753. doi:10.1097/ju.0000000000000912.04
• Lee, B. R., Seligmann, B., Rosa, A. H., Lee, B. R., Imlaer, E., Gachupin, F. C., Bracamonte, E., & Batai, K. (2020). Abstract C059: Clinical and molecular profile of renal cell carcinoma in Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and European Americans. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-c059
• Lee, B. R., Valencia, C. I., Lee, B. R., Hsu, C. H., Gachupin, F. C., Chipollini, J., & Batai, K. (2020). Abstract PO-165: Renal cell carcinoma health disparities in American Indians/Alaska Natives and Hispanic Americans. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers, 29. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.disp20-po-165
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  Background: American Indians/Alaska Natives (AIs/ANs) and United States (U.S.)- born Hispanic Americans (HAs) have higher kidney cancer mortality rates compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). However, causes for the disparities have not been well understood. The aim of our study was to assess if socioeconomic factors and residence pattern (urban vs. rural) account for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) health disparities in AIs/ANs and HAs focusing on advanced stage (stage III/IV) diagnosis and survival. Methods: RCC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 (n=405, 073) in National Cancer Database (NCDB) and between 2007 and 2016 (n=9,982) in Arizona Cancer Registry (ACR) were analyzed. Logistic regression and Cox regression analysis were performed to ascertain the effect of race/ethnicity on stage at diagnosis and overall survival adjusting for patient’s characteristics, including census tract socioeconomic status (SES), Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC), and other relevant factors. High school graduate rate, median income (or poverty rate), and unemployment rate was used to measure socioeconomic status. In ACR data, sub- distribution Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to study time to death due to RCC accounting for competing risks. Results: There were a total of 405,073 cases in NCDB and 9,982 cases in ACR. In both NCDB and ACR data, AIs/ANs had significantly increased odds of having advanced stage at diagnosis in unadjusted model (OR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.33 and OR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.06-1.56 respectively in NCDB and ACR), but the association was not significant after adjusting for patient’s characteristics. In both datasets, Mexican Americans had higher odds of having advanced stage diagnosis compared to NHWs (OR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11-1.35 and OR 2.02, 95% CI: 1.58-2.58 respectively) even after adjusting for patient’s characteristics, including SES and RUCC. In ACR, advanced stage diagnosis was particularly common in U.S.-born Mexican Americans (49.1%) compared to NHWs (26.4%). AIs/ANs showed increased mortality risk in unadjusted model in both datasets (HR 1.10, 95% CI:1.01-1.20 and HR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.37 respectively in NCDB and ACR). The association was no longer significant in NCDB after adjusting for patient’s characteristics, while it remained significant in ACR (HR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03-1.72). In Arizona, Mexican Americans had significantly higher risk of mortality compared to NHWs in both unadjusted and adjusted models (HR 2.46, 95% CI: 2.23-2.72 and HR 2.34, 95% CI: 1.93-2.90). The greatest risk of all-cause and RCC-specific mortality was observed in U.S.-born Mexican Americans (HR 3.21, 95% CI: 2.61-3.98 and sub- distribution HR 2.79, 95% CI: 2.05-3.81). Conclusion: RCC disparities in AIs/ANs is partially explained by neighborhood socioeconomic and residence characteristics, but the neighborhood characteristics did not affect the associations for HAs. Greater RCC health disparities were observed among Mexican Americans in Arizona than the national level. Citation Format: Celina I. Valencia, Francine C. Gachupin, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Juan Chipollini, Benjamin R. Lee, Ken Batai. Renal cell carcinoma health disparities in American Indians/Alaska Natives and Hispanic Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-165.
• Manzo, K., Hobbs, G. R., Gachupin, F. C., Stewart, J., & Knox, S. S. (2020). Reservation-Urban Comparison of Suicidal Ideation/Planning and Attempts in American Indian Youth. The Journal of school health, 90(6), 439-446.
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  Our aim was to identify sex- and location-specific risk factors for suicide ideation/planning and attempts among American Indian youth.
• Batai, K., Gachupin, F. C., Estrada, A. L., Garcia, D. O., Gomez, J., & Kittles, R. A. (2019). Patterns of Cancer Related Health Disparities in Arizona. Cancer health disparities, 3, e1-e20.
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  Cancer incidence rates vary regionally among American Indians (AIs) and Latinos. The goal of this was to identify areas of research necessary to reduce cancer health disparities in AIs and Latinos, the two major racial/ethnic minority groups in Arizona. In an effort to better understand cancer health disparities, cancer incidence rates in AIs and Latinos in Arizona were compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Age-adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000) were obtained from the Arizona Cancer Registry and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Spearman's rank test was used to examine correlation between county-level cancer incidence rates and socio-demographic factors. AIs and Latinos had lower incidence rates of screening for detectable cancers than NHWs. Among older men (age ≥65), however, AIs and Latinos had similar prostate cancer incidence rates to NHWs. Some of less common cancers, such as kidney, stomach, liver, and gallbladder, were more frequently diagnosed in AIs and Latinos than NHWs. AIs and Latinos were more likely to be diagnosed with advanced cancer stage, except for cervical cancer. Correlations between prostate and breast cancer incidence rates and percent urban residents as well as correlations between incidence rates of these two cancer types and population size were significantly positive. Poverty levels were inversely correlated with colorectal and lung cancer incidence rates. Our review of cancer incidence rates suggests that socio-demographic factors, such as population size (rural/urban) and poverty levels, have influenced cancer detection and incidence rates in Arizona.
• Batai, K., Harb-De la Rosa, A., Zeng, J., Chipollini, J. J., Gachupin, F. C., & Lee, B. R. (2019). Racial/ethnic disparities in renal cell carcinoma: Increased risk of early-onset and variation in histologic subtypes. Cancer medicine, 8(15), 6780-6788.
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  Racial/ethnic minority groups have a higher burden of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but RCC among Hispanic Americans (HAs) and American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIs/ANs) are clinically not well characterized. We explored variations in age at diagnosis and frequencies of RCC histologic subtypes across racial/ethnic groups and Hispanic subgroups using National Cancer Database (NCDB) and Arizona Cancer Registry Data.
• Gachupin, F. C. (2019). Describing a Public-health Summer Camp for Underserved Children: Healthy 2B Me. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 90(4), 39-51. doi:10.1080/07303084.2019.1568934
• Gachupin, F. C., Garcia, C. A., & Romero, M. D. (2019). An American Indian Patient Experience. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 30(4S), 62-65.
• Gachupin, F. C., Johnson, C. B., Torabzadeh, E., Bryant, H., & da Silva, V. R. (2019). Usual Dietary Intake and Adherence to Dietary Recommendations among Southwest American-Indian Youths at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Current Developments in Nutrition, 3(11), nzz111.
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  American Indians are disproportionately affected by obesity and diabetes, and American-Indian youths have the highest prevalence of obesity and diabetes among all ethnic groups in the USA.
• Lee, B. R., Rosa, A. H., Lee, B. R., Gachupin, F. C., Batai*, K., & Batai, K. (2019). MP19-16 RENAL CELL CARCINOMA DISPARITIES: YOUNGER AGE AT DIAGNOSIS AND INCREASED CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA INCIDENCE IN AMERICAN INDIANS AND HISPANICS. The Journal of Urology, 201(Supplement 4). doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000555505.71235.b7
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  INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Kidney cancer incidence and mortality rates vary across racial/ethnic groups in the U. S. However, the variations in clinical and pathologic characteristics of renal cel...
• Lee, B. R., Rosa, A. H., Price, E., Lwin, A., Lee, B. R., Gachupin, F. C., Chaus, F. M., & Batai, K. (2019). Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Analysis of Clinical Characteristics.. Clinical genitourinary cancer, 17(1), e195-e202. doi:10.1016/j.clgc.2018.10.012
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  Racial/ethnic minority groups, including Hispanic Americans (HAs) and Native Americans (NAs), have a heavier burden of kidney cancer than European Americans (EAs). We investigated variations in clinical characteristics of HA and NA patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who were previously underrepresented..Clinical records of 294 patients with RCC (151 EAs, 95 HAs, 22 NAs, and 26 others) without prior diagnosis of cancer were reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to understand patients' clinical characteristics..HAs had about 5 years younger average age at diagnosis than EAs (55.8 vs. 60.5 years) and an almost 3-fold increased odds of diagnosis before age 50 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-5.54). The mean age of diagnosis among NAs was 49.7 years, and NAs had an over 6-fold higher odds of diagnosis at a younger age (OR, 6.23; 95% CI, 2.00-19.46). Clear-cell RCC (ccRCC) was more common in HAs and NAs than EAs. Over 90% of HA patients had ccRCC, whereas only 78.8% of EA patients had ccRCC. HAs had increased odds of diagnosis with ccRCC compared with EAs (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.15-6.80). Among HAs, older patients and patients who spoke Spanish as their primary language were more likely to have advanced stage RCC at diagnosis (OR, 10.48; 95% CI, 1.69-64.89 and OR, 4.61; 95% CI, 1.38-15.40)..HA and NA patients with RCC had different clinical characteristics than EA patients. It is necessary to better understand the clinical characteristics of these underserved HA and NA populations with high kidney cancer burden.
• Suplee, P. D., Jerome-d'emilia, B., & Gachupin, F. C. (2019). A Systematic Review of Barriers and Facilitators to Mammography in American Indian/Alaska Native Women.. Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society, 30(2), 173-186. doi:10.1177/1043659618793706
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  The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the current knowledge of factors that enable or impede American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women from accessing breast cancer screening..A systematic search of MEDLINE and CINAHL databases identified relevant research studies published from 2007 to 2017..Consistent with other low-income populations, socioeconomic factors were related to lower rates of screening in AI/AN women. However, some factors, such as reliance on the Indian Health Service, cultural issues, and traditionality were unique to this population..AI/AN women appear to face many of the difficulties that other low-income minority women face in accessing preventive care; however, they may face unique challenges and circumstances in accessing care. Efforts to work with tribes in the development of interventions framed by community-based participatory research are needed to tackle the disparities in the AI/AN community.
• Thomson, C. A., Bergier, N. F., Morehouse, L. M., & Gachupin, F. C. (2019). Describing a public health summer camp for underserved children: Healthy 2B Me. Journal Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 90(4), 39-51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2019.1568934
• Batai, K., Gachupin, F. C., Estrada, A. L., Garcia, D. O., Gomez, J., & Kittles, R. A. (2018). Patterns of Cancer Related Health Disparities in Arizona. Cancer Health Disparities.
• Batai, K., Harb-De la Rosa, A., Lwin, A., Chaus, F., Gachupin, F. C., Price, E., & Lee, B. R. (2018). Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Analysis of Clinical Characteristics. Clinical genitourinary cancer.
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  Racial/ethnic minority groups, including Hispanic Americans (HAs) and Native Americans (NAs), have a heavier burden of kidney cancer than European Americans (EAs). We investigated variations in clinical characteristics of HA and NA patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who were previously underrepresented.
• Gachupin, F. C., Harbaugh, R., Amarillas, A., Cupis, F., Lockwood, J., & Tautolo, S. J. (2018). Addressing Hepatitis C within a Southwest Tribal Community. Ethnicity & disease, 28(4), 549-554.
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  The objective was to identify and treat segments of the local population at greatest risk for viral hepatitis C (HCV) infections.
• Jerome-D'Emilia, B., Gachupin, F. C., & Suplee, P. D. (2018). A Systematic Review of Barriers and Facilitators to Mammography in American Indian/Alaska Native Women. Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society, 1043659618793706.
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  The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the current knowledge of factors that enable or impede American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women from accessing breast cancer screening.
• Gachupin, F. C., & Joe, J. R. (2017). American Indian Youth: A Residential Camp Program for Wellness. Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice.
• Xu, H., Stallings, D. T., Racette, S. B., Hardy, D. S., Garvin, J. T., & Gachupin, F. C. (2017). Anthropometric discriminators of type 2 diabetes among White and Black American adults.. Journal of diabetes, 9(3), 296-307. doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12416
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  The aim of the present study was to determine the best anthropometric discriminators of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among White and Black males and females in a large US sample..We used Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study baseline data (1987-89) from 15 242 participants (1827 with T2DM) aged 45-65 years. Anthropometric measures included a body shape index (ABSI), body adiposity index (BAI), body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist: height ratio (WHtR), and waist: hip ratio (WHR). All anthropometric measures were standardized to Z-scores. Using logistic regression, odds ratios for T2DM were adjusted for age, physical activity, and family history of T2DM. The Akaike information criterion and receiver operating characteristic C-statistic were used to select the best-fit models..Body mass index, WC, WHtR, and WHR were comparable discriminators of T2DM among White and Black males, and were superior to ABSI and BAI in predicting T2DM (P < 0.0001). Waist circumference, WHtR, and WHR were the best discriminators among White females, whereas WHR was the best discriminator among Black females. The ABSI was the poorest discriminator of T2DM for all race-gender groups except Black females. Anthropometric values distinguishing T2DM cases from non-cases were lower for Black than White adults..Anthropometric measures that included WC, either alone or relative to height (WHtR) or hip circumference (WHR), were the strongest discriminators of T2DM across race-gender groups. Body mass index was a comparable discriminator to WC, WHtR, and WHR among males, but not females.
• Gachupin, F. C., Gustafson, D., & Hendrie, H. C. (2016). Depressive Symptoms and Vascular Factors among Southwest Tribal Elders. The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 12(7), 989.
• Gachupin, F., Romero, M. D., Ortega, W. J., Jojola, R., Hendrie, H., Torres, E. P., Lujan, F., Lente, M., Sanchez, B., Teller, V., Beita, F., Abeita, U., Lente, B., & Gustafson, D. R. (2016). Cognition, Depressive Symptoms and Vascular Factors among Southwest Tribal Elders. Ethnicity & disease, 26(2), 235-44.
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  Few data exist on cognitive and depressive symptoms and vascular factors in American Indian (AI) elders. Since vascular risk factors increase risk for cognitive impairments, depression and dementia, and since AI elders are at high vascular risk, it is timely to assess the interplay of these factors in comprehensive studies of aging in this population. To begin, pilot studies must be conducted to show these types of data can be collected successfully.
• Hardy, D. S., Stallings, D. T., Garvin, J. T., Gachupin, F. C., Xu, H., & Racette, S. B. (2016). Anthropometric discriminators of type 2 diabetes among White and Black American adults. Journal of Diabetes.
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  The aim of the present study was to determine the best anthropometric discriminators of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among White and Black males and females in a large US sample.
• Hendrie, H. C., Gustafson, D., & Gachupin, F. C. (2016). COGNITION, DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND VASCULAR FACTORS AMONG SOUTHWEST TRIBAL ELDERS. Alzheimers & Dementia, 12(7), P989-P989. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.2031
• Shirali, R., Racette, S. B., Joe, J. R., & Gachupin, F. C. (2016). Abstract P039: American Indian Youth Wellness Initiative. Circulation.
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  American Indian youth have the highest prevalence of obesity of all ethnic groups in the U.S. Obese individuals are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and stroke. Reducing childhood obesity will require effective prevention strategies that focus on environments and promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet. Objective: To understand trends in the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among American Indian tribal youth during the past 20 years. Methods: Participants included American Indian boys and girls aged 10-15 years from 14 different tribes in the Southwest, primarily Arizona, who attended a 1-week residential summer wellness camp from 1995 to 2015. Height and weight were measured on the first day of camp; sex- and age-specific body mass index (BMI) percentile and BMI z-score were computed using CDC SAS code. Obesity in childhood is defined by age- and sex-specific BMI percentile greater than or equal to the 95th percentile...
• Freemantle, J., Ring, I., Arambula Solomon, T. G., Gachupin, F. C., Smylie, J., Cutler, T. L., & Waldon, J. A. (2015). Indigenous mortality (revealed): the invisible illuminated. American journal of public health, 105(4), 644-52.
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  Inaccuracies in the identification of Indigenous status and the collection of and access to vital statistics data impede the strategic implementation of evidence-based public health initiatives to reduce avoidable deaths. The impact of colonization and subsequent government initiatives has been commonly observed among the Indigenous peoples of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. The quality of Indigenous data that informs mortality statistics are similarly connected to these distal processes, which began with colonization. We discuss the methodological and technical challenges in measuring mortality for Indigenous populations within a historical and political context, and identify strategies for the accurate ascertainment and inclusion of Indigenous people in mortality statistics.
• Kittles, R. A., Gomez, J., Garcia, D. O., Estrada, A. L., Gachupin, F. C., & Batai, K. (2017). Patterns of Cancer Related Health Disparities in Arizona. Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice.
• Braun, K. L., Tsark, J. U., Powers, A., Croom, K., Kim, R., Gachupin, F. C., & Morris, P. (2014). Cancer patient perceptions about biobanking and preferred timing of consent. Biopreservation and biobanking, 12(2), 106-12.
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  Little is known about how cancer patients feel about donating their tissue, especially in a multiethnic population. Structured interviews were conducted with 30 patients recently diagnosed with cancer, referred to the study by six cancer surgeons and oncologists and by other patients in the study. The participants reported a variety of cancers, and the sample reflected the racial distribution of Hawai`i, including Caucasians (23%), Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (27%), Asians (37%), Hispanics (7%), Native Americans (3%), and African Americans (3%). The interview questions and analysis were guided by the Framework Approach, with interview questions based on pre-set aims. Findings suggest that most cancer patients would donate cancer tissue to science, especially if informed that doing so could help researchers find causes of and cures for cancer. Patients varied on when in their cancer journey they would be most receptive to being asked for a donation, however two-thirds thought they would be more receptive if approached after surgery. Only three of the 30 patients said they would want to be re-consented each time their tissue is requested for research. They identified their physician as the preferred messenger regarding tissue donation. No obvious differences were seen by race. Findings confirm those of other researchers who have reported broad support for biobank participation if informed consent and confidentiality could be assured. Given that the physician was seen as the key messenger about biobanking, more education is needed around cancer tissue collection for physicians, as well as for cancer patients.
• Wong, C. A., Gachupin, F. C., Holman, R. C., MacDorman, M. F., Cheek, J. E., Holve, S., & Singleton, R. J. (2014). American Indian and Alaska Native infant and pediatric mortality, United States, 1999-2009. American journal of public health, 104 Suppl 3, S320-8.
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  We described American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) infant and pediatric death rates and leading causes of death.
• , N. H., Fabsitz, R. R., McGuire, A., Sharp, R. R., Puggal, M., Beskow, L. M., Biesecker, L. G., Bookman, E., Burke, W., Burchard, E. G., Church, G., Clayton, E. W., Eckfeldt, J. H., Fernandez, C. V., Fisher, R., Fullerton, S. M., Gabriel, S., Gachupin, F., James, C., , Jarvik, G. P., et al. (2010). Ethical and practical guidelines for reporting genetic research results to study participants: updated guidelines from a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group. Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics, 3(6), 574-80.
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  In January 2009, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a 28-member multidisciplinary Working Group to update the recommendations of a 2004 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group focused on Guidelines to the Return of Genetic Research Results. Changes in the genetic and societal landscape over the intervening 5 years raise multiple questions and challenges. The group noted the complex issues arising from the fact that technological and bioinformatic progress has made it possible to obtain considerable information on individuals that would not have been possible a decade ago. Although unable to reach consensus on a number of issues, the working group produced 5 recommendations. The working group offers 2 recommendations addressing the criteria necessary to determine when genetic results should and may be returned to study participants, respectively. In addition, it suggests that a time limit be established to limit the duration of obligation of investigators to return genetic research results. The group recommends the creation of a central body, or bodies, to provide guidance on when genetic research results are associated with sufficient risk and have established clinical utility to justify their return to study participants. The final recommendation urges investigators to engage the broader community when dealing with identifiable communities to advise them on the return of aggregate and individual research results. Creation of an entity charged to provide guidance to institutional review boards, investigators, research institutions, and research sponsors would provide rigorous review of available data, promote standardization of study policies regarding return of genetic research results, and enable investigators and study participants to clarify and share expectations for the handling of this increasingly valuable information with appropriate respect for the rights and needs of participants.
• Kaufman, C. E., Shelby, L., Mosure, D. J., Marrazzo, J., Wong, D., de Ravello, L., Rushing, S. C., Warren-Mears, V., Neel, L., Eagle, S. J., Tulloch, S., Romero, F., Patrick, S., Cheek, J. E., & , T. f. (2007). Within the hidden epidemic: sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Sexually transmitted diseases, 34(10), 767-77.
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  To review the epidemiology, research, and prevention programs for sexually transmitted diseases in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs).
• Lapidus, J. A., Smith, N. H., Ebel, B. E., & Romero, F. C. (2005). Restraint use among northwest American Indian children traveling in motor vehicles. American journal of public health, 95(11), 1982-8.
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  We sought to estimate motor vehicle passenger restraint use among Northwest American Indian children 8 years old or younger and to determine factors associated with using proper (i.e., age and weight appropriate) passenger restraint systems.
• Mansberger, S. L., Romero, F. C., Smith, N. H., Johnson, C. A., Cioffi, G. A., Edmunds, B., Choi, D., & Becker, T. M. (2005). Causes of visual impairment and common eye problems in Northwest American Indians and Alaska Natives. American journal of public health, 95(5), 881-6.
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  Little information exists regarding the causes of visual impairment and the most common eye problems in American Indians/Alaska Natives.

Presentations

• Gachupin, F. C. (2019, July). American Indian Children's Diabetes and Obesity. Pascua Yaqui Tribal Health Conference.
• Gachupin, F. C. (2019, May). American Indian Youth Wellness Camp. Phoenix Area Indian Health Service Special Diabetes Program for Indians.
• Gachupin, F. C. (2019, September). Reciprocity in Cancer, United States Perspective. 2019 World Indigenous Cancer Conference. Calgary.
• Gachupin, F. C., Protho, T., Cunningham, J. K., Hunter, A., & Yuan, N. P. (2019, November). Promoting best practices with an urban American Indian community: Utilizing an academic-community partnership for a comprehensive community health needs assessment. American Public Health Association 2019 Annual Meeting & Expo. Philadelphia, PA.
• von Hippel, F., Teufel-Shone, N., Gachupin, F. C., & Bea, J. W. (2019, August). Best Practices Working with Communities. The Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention Summer Research Retreat. Scottsdale, AZ.
• Gachupin, F. C. (2018, July/Summer). Alaska Native Genomic Research, Researcher Perspective. Alaska Native Genomic Research Workshop. Anchorage, Alaska: Southcentral Foundation.
• Gachupin, F. C. (2017, Oct/Fall). CBPR for Ending American Indian Health Disparities. INBRE. Jackson Hole, WY: NIH.
• Gachupin, F. C. (2017, Oct/Fall). Diabetes and Brain Health. Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community Senior Services. Scottsdale, AZ: Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community.
• Solomon, T. G., Gachupin, F. C., Bea, J. W., & Koithan, M. S. (2015, March). Cancer care disparities among Native American populations. UA College of Nursing Health Equity Research Seminar Series..

Poster Presentations

• Batai, K., Asmar, S., Gachupin, F. C., Chipollini, J., & Lee, B. R. (2020, April). Renal cell carcinoma health disparities in American Indians Alaska Natives and Hispanic Americans: Comparison of National Cancer Database and Arizona Cancer Registry data. American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting. Virtual: American Association for Cancer Research.
• Lee, B. R., Lee, B. R., Chipollini, J., Chipollini, J., Gachupin, F. C., Gachupin, F. C., Pollock, G., Pollock, G., Batai, K., & Batai, K. (2020, May). Assessment of Renal Cell Carcinoma Surgical Disparities in American Indians and Hispanic Americans. American Urological Association Annual Meeting. Washington, DC: American Urological Association.
• Lee, B. R., Gachupin, F. C., Harb de la Rosa, A., & Batai, K. (2019, May). Renal cell carcinoma disparities: Younger age at diagnosis and increased clear cell renal cell carcinoma incidence in American Indians and Hispanics. American Urological Association Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL: American Urological Association.
• Lee, B. R., Seligmann, B., Bracamonte, E. R., Imler, E., Gachupin, F. C., Harb de la Rosa, A., & Batai, K. (2018, November). Clinical and molecular profile of renal cell carcinoma in Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and European Americans. The 11th American Association of Cancer Research Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved. New Orleans, LA: American Association of Cancer Research.
• Gachupin, F. C., Bergier, N., DeBoer, L., & Thomson, C. A. (2017, Oct/Fall). Healthy 2B Me (H2BM) Summer Camp Evaluation. INBRE Conference.
• Gachupin, F. C., Joe, J. R., Steger-May, K., & Racette, S. B. (2017, Oct/Fall). American Indian Youth Wellness Initiative. INBRE Conference.
• Gachupin, F. C., Romero, M. D., Ortega, W., Jojola, R., Hendrie, H., Torres, E., Lujan, F., Lente, M., Sanchez, B., Teller, V., Beita, F., Abeita, U., Lente, B., & Gustafson, D. (2017, Oct/Fall). Cognition, Depressive Symptoms, and Vascular Factors among Southwest Tribal Elders. INBRE Conference.
• Gachupin, F. C., Racette, S. B., & Steger-May, K. (2016, March). American Indian Youth Wellness Initiative. American Heart Association Epi/Lifestyle 2016. Phoenix, AZ: AHA.

Others

• Gachupin, F. C., & Joe, J. R. (2016, January). Leveraging Cultural Capital in Diabetes Prevention for Youth: Medical Wellness Model. Advancements in Diabetes.
• Hardy, D., Stallings, D., Garvin, J., Xu, H., Gachupin, F., & Racette, S. (2015, JUN). Anthropometric Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes among White and Black Adults. DIABETES.