Nobuko Hongu

Interests

Research

Childhood Obesity Prevention, Mobile Technology, Social Networking, Informal Learning, Promoting Physical Activity, Dietary Assessment Methods through Technology

Teaching

Directed/mentored research for independent study. Nutrition and physical activity community programs, obesity prevention

Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Journals/Publications

• Byrd-Bredbenner, C., Martin-Biggers, J., Povis, G. A., Worobey, J., Hongu, N., & Quick, V. (2018). Promoting healthy home environments and lifestyles in families with preschool children: HomeStyles, a randomized controlled trial. Contemporary clinical trials, 64, 139-151.
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  The purpose of the HomeStyles randomized controlled trial was to determine the effect of participation in the HomeStyles intervention vs an attention control condition on the weight-related aspects of the home environment and lifestyle behavioral practices of families with preschool children. Parents of preschool children (n=489) were systematically randomized to experimental or attention control group after completing the baseline survey. Baseline and post surveys comprehensively assessed study outcomes using a socio-ecological approach incorporating valid, reliable intrapersonal (e.g., diet, activity), interpersonal (e.g., family meal frequency), and environmental measures (e.g., home media environment), and self-reported parent and child measured heights and weights. For all outcome measures, paired t-tests compared within group differences over time and ANCOVA, controlling for baseline scores and prognostic variables (e.g., parent sex), determined differences in post survey scores between groups. The final analytical sample (N=172; age 32.34±5.71SD; 58% White; 93% female) completed baseline and post surveys. The experimental group families had improved family meal and diet-related behaviors, and self-efficacy for food-related childhood obesity-protective practices. Household food supplies changed little, except for less availability of salty/fatty snacks. Within group effects indicated the control group also experienced some improvements, however these were few in number. ANCOVA revealed the experimental group parents had greater physical activity, reduced screentime, improved family mealtime behaviors, and increased self-efficacy for childhood obesity-protective behaviors and cognitions compared to the control group at post survey, though effect sizes were small. The HomeStyles program for families with preschool children promoted improvements in an array of obesity-preventive behaviors.
• Devrim, A., Bilgic, P., & Hongu, N. (2018). Is There Any Relationship Between Body Image Perception, Eating Disorders, and Muscle Dysmorphic Disorders in Male Bodybuilders?. American journal of men's health, 12(5), 1746-1758.
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  Bodybuilding has increasingly become popular between males since male body shape has become a subject of interest in the last decades. Bodybuilders have desired to gain more muscle and paid attention to their body shape. Based on this purpose, they have string rules that include restrictive eating and excessive exercise program. Recent research has demonstrated that desiring more muscular body shape exhibits eating behavior problems and body dissatisfaction issues in bodybuilders. Limited research exists on the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in male bodybuilders. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between body image disturbance and eating disorders in 120 male bodybuilders. The Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40) was used to determine eating disorders, the Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory was used to determine bigorexia symptoms, and Bodybuilder Image Grid-Original (BIG O) and Scaled (BIG S) forms were used to detect the factors associated with body dissatisfaction. There was a positive relationship between Eating Attitude Test and Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory total scores. Eating Attitude Test was positively correlated with both fat and muscle dissatisfaction. Our results indicated that eating disorder psychopathology is positively related to body dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorders in male bodybuilders.
• Quick, V., Martin-Biggers, J., Povis, G. A., Worobey, J., Hongu, N., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2018). Long-term follow-up effects of the HomeStyles randomized controlled trial in families with preschool children on social cognitive theory constructs associated with physical activity cognitions and behaviors. Contemporary clinical trials, 68, 79-89.
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  This study examined long-term follow-up effects of participation in the HomeStyles RCT, using Social Cognitive Theory constructs, on physical activity cognitions, home environment, and lifestyle behavioral practices of families with preschool children (ages 2 to 5 years). Parents were systematically randomized to experimental or attention control group at baseline. Those completing all surveys that comprised of valid, reliable measures were the analytic sample (n = 61 experimental, n = 63 control; mean age 32.8 ± 5.9SD years). Repeated measures ANCOVA, controlling for prognostic variables (e.g., parent sex) revealed that variables assessing modeling of physical activity for children increased significantly (P ≤ .01) in both groups with no significant time by group effects. Paired t-tests indicated the experimental group's self-efficacy for keeping children's weight healthy and performing health promoting behaviors increased significantly over time whereas the control group did not but with no significant time by group effects. Self-regulation paired t-test findings indicated that total screentime the experimental group allowed children decreased significantly over time with no significant time by group effect. The value parents placed on physical activity for children increased over time in both groups with a significant time effect. The experimental group over time had significantly greater increases in the availability of physical activity space and supports inside the home than the control group. Improvements noted have the potential to help protect children and parents from excess weight gain, yet findings indicate considerable opportunity for continued improvement as well as elucidation of factors affecting concomitant changes in both study groups.
• Byrd-Bredbenner, C., Martin-Biggers, J., Koenings, M., Quick, V., Hongu, N., & Worobey, J. (2017). HomeStyles, A Web-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention Program for Families With Preschool Children: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR research protocols, 6(4), e73.
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  The home environment is where young children spend most of their time, and is critically important to supporting behaviors that promote health and prevent obesity. However, the home environment and lifestyle patterns remain understudied, and few interventions have investigated parent-led makeovers designed to create home environments that are supportive of optimal child health and healthy child weights.
• Gallaway, P. J., Miyake, H., Buchowski, M. S., Shimada, M., Yoshitake, Y., Kim, A. S., & Hongu, N. (2017). Physical Activity: A Viable Way to Reduce the Risks of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Vascular Dementia in Older Adults. Brain sciences, 7(2).
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  A recent alarming rise of neurodegenerative diseases in the developed world is one of the major medical issues affecting older adults. In this review, we provide information about the associations of physical activity (PA) with major age-related neurodegenerative diseases and syndromes, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. We also provide evidence of PA's role in reducing the risks of these diseases and helping to improve cognitive outcomes in older adults. Finally, we describe some potential mechanisms by which this protective effect occurs, providing guidelines for future research.
• Hongu, N. (2017). Breast cancer prevention: Exercise and healthy diet. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, AZ1724, 01/17.
• Hongu, N., Kim, A. S., Wilson, H., Tsui, K. C., & Park, S. (2017). Korean kimchi: promoting healthy meals through cultural tradition. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 4(3), 172-180.
• Hongu, N., Martinez, Y., Bellajos, M. E., Bruhn, C., Cluskey, M., Gunther, C., Johnston, P., Misner, S., Reicks, M., Richards, R., Wong, S. S., & Jinan, B. C. (2017). Evaluation of messages to promote intake of calcium-rich foods in early adolescents. Journal of Community Engagement and Scholarship, 109-120.
• Hongu, N., Suzuki, A., Alcance, K. A., & Martinez, C. L. (2017). Is Honey the Same as Sugar?. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, AZ 1577, Revised 06/17.
• Kim, A. S., Park, S., Suzuki, A., Wilson, H., Tsui, K. C., & Hongu, N. (2017). AZ1748-2017: Taste of Korea: Kimchi. Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication.
• Manore, M. M., Larson-Meyer, D. E., Lindsay, A. R., Hongu, N., & Houtkooper, L. (2017). Dynamic Energy Balance: An Integrated Framework for Discussing Diet and Physical Activity in Obesity Prevention-Is it More than Eating Less and Exercising More?. Nutrients, 9(8).
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  Understanding the dynamic nature of energy balance, and the interrelated and synergistic roles of diet and physical activity (PA) on body weight, will enable nutrition educators to be more effective in implementing obesity prevention education. Although most educators recognize that diet and PA are important for weight management, they may not fully understand their impact on energy flux and how diet alters energy expenditure and energy expenditure alters diet. Many nutrition educators have little training in exercise science; thus, they may not have the knowledge essential to understanding the benefits of PA for health or weight management beyond burning calories. This paper highlights the importance of advancing nutrition educators' understanding about PA, and its synergistic role with diet, and the value of incorporating a dynamic energy balance approach into obesity-prevention programs. Five key points are highlighted: (1) the concept of dynamic vs. static energy balance; (2) the role of PA in weight management; (3) the role of PA in appetite regulation; (4) the concept of energy flux; and (5) the integration of dynamic energy balance into obesity prevention programs. The rationale for the importance of understanding the physiological relationship between PA and diet for effective obesity prevention programming is also reviewed.
• Moya, S. C., Ottman, M. J., McDaniels, A., Aragón, A. C., & Hongu, N. (2017). Ancient Rediscovering Food: Grain Amaranth. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson..
• Quick, V., Martin-Biggers, J., Povis, G. A., Hongu, N., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2017). A Socio-Ecological Examination of Weight-Related Characteristics of the Home Environment and Lifestyles of Households with Young Children. Nutrients, 9(6).
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  Home environment and family lifestyle practices have an influence on child obesity risk, thereby making it critical to systematically examine these factors. Thus, parents (n = 489) of preschool children completed a cross-sectional online survey which was the baseline data collection conducted, before randomization, in the HomeStyles program. The survey comprehensively assessed these factors using a socio-ecological approach, incorporating intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental measures. Healthy intrapersonal dietary behaviors identified were parent and child intakes of recommended amounts of 100% juice and low intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages. Unhealthy behaviors included low milk intake and high parent fat intake. The home environment's food supply was found to support healthy intakes of 100% juice and sugar-sweetened beverages, but provided too little milk and ample quantities of salty/fatty snacks. Physical activity levels, sedentary activity and the home's physical activity and media environment were found to be less than ideal. Environmental supports for active play inside homes were moderate and somewhat better in the area immediately outside homes and in the neighborhood. Family interpersonal interaction measures revealed several positive behaviors, including frequent family meals. Parents had considerable self-efficacy in their ability to perform food- and physical activity-related childhood obesity protective practices. This study identified lifestyle practices and home environment characteristics that health educators could target to help parents promote optimal child development and lower their children's risk for obesity.
• Aceves, K. J., Armstrong Florian, T. L., Melendez, A., Taylor, B. R., & Hongu, N. (2016). Mexican Mole: Promoting Healthy Meals through Cultural Traditions #AZ1699. CALS Pub.
• Aceves, K. J., Florian, T. A., Meléndez, A., Taylor, B. R., & Hongu, N. (2016). Mexican Mole: Promoting Healthy Meals through Cultural Traditions. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Banna, J. C., Reicks, M., Gunther, C., Richards, R., Bruhn, C., Cluskey, M., Wong, S. S., Misner, S., Hongu, N., & Johnston, N. P. (2016). Evaluation of emotion-based messages designed to motivate Hispanic and Asian parents of early adolescents to engage in calcium-rich food and beverage parenting practices. Nutrition research and practice, 10(4), 456-63.
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  Setting healthful beverage expectations, making calcium-rich foods and beverages (CRF/B) available, and role modeling are parenting practices promoting calcium intake among early adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate emotion-based messages designed to motivate parents of early adolescents to perform these practices.
• Eck, K., Alleman, G. P., Quick, V., Martin-Biggers, J., Hongu, N., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2016). Evaluation of a Childhood Obesity Prevention Online Training Certificate Program for Community Family Educators. Journal of community health, 41(6), 1187-1195.
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  Community family educators have the opportunity to incorporate childhood obesity prevention concepts in their programming with families of young children, but often lack formal health and nutrition education. The purpose of this feasibility study was to create an online training certificate program for community family educators and assess the program's effectiveness at improving participant's knowledge, attitudes, and intended and actual behaviors related to healthy lifestyles. Community family educators (n = 68) completed an online pretest, viewed 13 brief videos (8-15 min) focused on childhood obesity related topics and took mini-knowledge self-checks after each video followed by an online posttest. At posttest, paired t tests showed participants' childhood obesity prevention related knowledge (i.e., nutrition, physical activity, screen time and sleep) improved significantly (p 
• Farr, K. J., Gallaway, P. J., & Hongu, N. (2016). Gluten-Free Diet: Is this Diet for You?. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Franklin, A. M., & Hongu, N. (2016). Chia Seeds. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Franklin, A. M., & Hongu, N. (2016). The USDA's Healthy Eating on a Budget Program: Making Better Eating Decisions on a Budget. Journal of Extension, Volume 54(1).
• Gallaway, P. J., & Hongu, N. (2016). Physical Activity: A Tool for Improving Health (Part 2 – Mental Health Benefits). Journal of Extension.
• Gallaway, P. J., & Hongu, N. (2016). Physical Activity: A Tool for Improving Health (Part 3 – Recommended Amounts of Physical Activity for Optimal Health). Journal of Extension, Volume 54(2).
• Hongu, N., Franklin, A. M., & Sparks, E. W. (2016). Outdoor Eating-Enjoying Nature the No-Waste-Way. CALS Publication.
• Hongu, N., Sparks, E. W., & Franklin, A. M. (2016). Outdoor Eating: Enjoying Nature the No-Waste Way. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension..
• Park, S., Hongu, N., & Daily, J. W. (2016). Native American foods: History, culture, and influence on modern diets. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 3(3), Pages 171–177. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jef.2016.08.001
• Ayhan, N. Y., Bilgic, P., Simsek, I., Tayfur, M., & Hongu, N. (2015). The Determination of Total Energy and Nutrient Intake in Older Adults in Turkey. Studies on Ethno-Medicine, 9(3), 8.
• Farr, K. J., Nakagomi, Y., & Hongu, N. (2015). Season for Health: A Guide for Using Herbs and Spices for Your Home Cooking. Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication, 8.
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  [AZ 1686. 10/2015]. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Available Online. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1686-2015.pdf
• Franklin, A. M., Suzuki, A., & Hongu, N. (2015). Okra. Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication, 4.
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  [AZ 1649. 02/2015]. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Available Online. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1649-2015.pdf
• Gallaway, P., & Hongu, N. (2015). Physical Activity: A Tool for Improving Health (Part 1 - Biological Health Benefits). Journal of Extension, 53(6), 5.
• Hongu, N., Gallaway, P. J., & Shimada, M. (2015). Physical Activity for Older Adults: Tips for Getting Started and Staying Active. Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication, 4.
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  [AZ 1679. 08/2015]. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Available Online. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1679-2015.pdf
• Hongu, N., Pope, B. T., Bilgiç, P., Orr, B. J., Suzuki, A., Kim, A. S., Merchant, N. C., & Roe, D. J. (2015). Usability of a smartphone food picture app for assisting 24-hour dietary recall: a pilot study. Nutrition research and practice, 9(2), 207-12.
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  The Recaller app was developed to help individuals record their food intakes. This pilot study evaluated the usability of this new food picture application (app), which operates on a smartphone with an embedded camera and Internet capability.
• Hongu, N., Suzuki, A., & Wilson, H. (2015). Guide to Eating More Vegetables: Carrots. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 6. doi:az1684-2015
• Hongu, N., Suzuki, A., & Wilson, H. (2015). Guide to Eating More Vegetables: Carrots.. Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication, 6.
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  [AZ 1684. 10/2015]. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Available Online. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1684-2015.pdf
• Hongu, N., Turner, R. J., Gallaway, P. J., Suzuki, A., Gonsalves, K. A., & Martinez, C. L. (2015). Local Foods in Arizona. Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication, 6.
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  [AZ 1665. 05/2015]. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Available Online. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1665-2015.pdf
• Hongu, N., Wells, M. J., Gallaway, P. J., & Bilgic, P. (2015). Resistance Training: Health Benefits and Recommendations. Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication, 5.
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  [AZ 1659. 04/2015]. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Available Online. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1659-2015.pdf
• Martin-Biggers, J., Spaccarotella, K., Delaney, C., Koenings, M., Alleman, G., Hongu, N., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2015). Development of the Intervention Materials for the HomeStyles Obesity Prevention Program for Parents of Preschoolers. NUTRIENTS, 7(8), 6628-6669.
• Martin-Biggers, J., Spaccarotella, K., Delaney, C., Koenings, M., Alleman, G., Hongu, N., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2015). Development of the Intervention Materials for the HomeStyles Obesity Prevention Program for Parents of Preschoolers. Nutrients, 7(8), 6628-69.
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  Home environment is key to the development of obesity-preventing behaviors during childhood, yet few resources help preschool parents address factors at home associated with obesity risk. This paper describes creation of materials for an in-home intervention (HomeStyles) with this population. An advisory group of stakeholders and target audience members determined salient factors affecting childhood obesity to address in-home and developed program materials. The Social Cognitive Theory, Faith's Core Behavior Change Strategies to Treat Childhood Obesity, Adult Learning Theory and motivational interviewing techniques guided development of 12 guides targeting strategies parents can use to shape the home environment. Interviews were conducted to determine effectiveness of the guides. Cognitive testing of guide design (n = 251) and content (n = 261) occurred in English and Spanish in New Jersey and Arizona with parents and home visitation staff who would present the guides. Interviews investigated perceptions of content usefulness and parent comprehension. Findings were also examined in light of theoretical underpinnings. Both home visitation staff and parents felt the guides were very readable and useful. Parents appreciated use of motivational interviewing techniques and Adult Learning Theory. Current research is testing these guides through an in-home, randomized control trial.
• Martin-Biggers, J., Spaccarotella, K., Hongu, N., Alleman, G., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2015). Translating it into real life: a qualitative study of the cognitions, barriers and supports for key obesogenic behaviors of parents of preschoolers. BMC public health, 15, 189.
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  Little is known about preschool parents' cognitions, barriers, supports and modeling of key obesogenic behaviors, including breakfast, fruit and vegetable consumption, sugary beverage intake, feeding practices, portion sizes, active playtime, reduced screen-time, sleep and selection of child-care centers with characteristics that promote healthy behaviors.
• Meredith, Y., Spaccarotella, K., Martin-Biggers, J., Lozada, C., Hongu, N., Quick, V., & Byrd-Brednenner, C. (2015). A tool to improve accuracy of parental measurements of preschool child height. Advances in Public Health, 2015(965371).
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  Meredith Yorkin, Kim Spaccarotella, Jennifer Martin-Biggers, et al., “A Tool to Improve Accuracy of Parental Measurements of Preschool Child Height,” Advances in Public Health, vol. 2015, Article ID 965371, 7 pages, 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/965371http://www.hindawi.com/journals/aph/2015/965371/
• Reicks, M., Banna, J., Cluskey, M., Gunther, C., Hongu, N., Richards, R., Topham, G., & Wong, S. S. (2015). Influence of Parenting Practices on Eating Behaviors of Early Adolescents during Independent Eating Occasions: Implications for Obesity Prevention. Nutrients, 7(10), 8783-801.
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  Among early adolescents (10-14 years), poor diet quality along with physical inactivity can contribute to an increased risk of obesity and associated biomarkers for chronic disease. Approximately one-third of United States (USA) children in this age group are overweight or obese. Therefore, attention to factors affecting dietary intake as one of the primary contributors to obesity is important. Early adolescents consume foods and beverages during eating occasions that occur with and without parental supervision. Parents may influence eating behaviors of early adolescents during eating occasions when they are present or during independent eating occasions by engaging in practices that affect availability of foods and beverages, and through perceived normative beliefs and expectations for intake. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to describe the influence of parenting practices on eating behaviors in general and when specifically applied to independent eating occasions of early adolescents. This information may be helpful to inform parenting interventions targeting obesity prevention among early adolescents focusing on independent eating occasions.
• Alsing, S. E., Gallaway, P. J., Suzuki, A., & Hongu, N. (2014). The Mediterranean Diet & Mediterranean Diet Pyramid. Arizona Extension Publication.
• Farr, K. J., Suzuki, A., Valeria, G., & Hongu, N. (2014). Whole Grains on Your Plate. Arizona Extension Publication.
• Greene, N. A., Billias, N. N., & Hongu, N. (2014). Diabetes: Carbohydrate Counting. Arizona Extension Publication.
• Hongu, N. (2014). Making Healthier Foods and Physical Activity Choices with SuperTracker. Arizona Extension Publication.
• Hongu, N., & Wise, J. M. (2014). Reading the Nutrition Facts Label: Step-by-Step Approach. Arizona Extension Publication.
• Hongu, N., Going, S. B., Orr, B. J., Merchant, N. C., Hingle, M. D., Roe, D., Greenblatt, Y. V., & Houtkooper, L. K. (2014). TACH SAVVY: Mobile Technologies for Promoting Health and Physical Activity.. ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal, 18(4), 8-15.
• Hongu, N., Kitts, D. D., Zawistowski, J., Dossett, C. M., Kopeć, A., Pope, B. T., & Buchowski, M. S. (2014). Pigmented rice bran and plant sterol combination reduces serum lipids in overweight and obese adults. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 33(3), 231-8.
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  This study investigated the dietary effect of including pigmented rice bran with or without plant sterols on lipid profiles during energy restriction-induced weight loss in overweight and obese adults not taking cholesterol-lowering medication. In addition, the study examined the effect of intervention on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation.
• Hongu, N., Martinez, C. L., Billias, N. N., Wyatt, M. A., Turner, R. J., & Manore, M. M. (2014). The Cooperative Extension System’s Use of USDA’s Online Food and Physical Activity Tracker-SuperTracker.. Journal of Extension, 5(5TOT4).
• Hongu, N., Pope, B. T., Bilgic, P., Orr, B. J., Suzuki, A., Kim, A. S., Merchant, N. C., & Roe, D. (2014). Usability of a smartphone food picture app for assisting 24-hour dietary recall: a pilot study.. Nutrition Research and Practice.
• Hongu, N., Tsui, K. C., & Wise, J. M. (2014). Dairy Foods: Providing Essential Nutrients & Promoting Good Health Throughout Life. Arizona Extension Publication.
• Hongu, N., Wise, J. M., & Gallaway, P. J. (2014). Healthy Fats: Tips for Improving the Quality of Fat Intake.. Arizona Extension Publication.
• Hongu, N., Wong, S. S., Meng, Y., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2014). Smart applications to track and record physical activity: implications for obesity treatment. Smart Homecare Technology and TeleHealth, 2, 77-91.
• Hongu, N., Wyatt, M. A., & Dawley, M. M. (2014). Mesquite: It's Food. Arizona Extension Publication.
• Lindsay, A. R., Hongu, N., Spears, K., Idris, R., Dyrek, A., & Manore, M. M. (2014). Field assessments for obesity prevention in children and adults: Physical activity, fitness, and body composition. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 46(1), 43-53.
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  Abstract: Nutrition and health educators work in community settings implementing lifestyle programs focused on obesity prevention and chronic disease risk reduction. These programs typically focus on improving diet and physical activity (PA) behaviors. Many nutrition educators may not be confident in their ability to select, administer, and interpret PA assessments to effectively evaluate their PA or lifestyle programs. This report will assist educators in identifying and selecting appropriate field-based assessments for measurement of PA, physical fitness, and body composition for children and adults. Specific guidelines, references, and resources are given for selecting assessment methods and test within these 3 areas. © 2014 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior.
• Martin-Biggers, J., Spaccarotella, K., Berhaupt-Glickstein, A., Hongu, N., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2014). Come and Get It! A Discussion of Family Mealtime Literature and Factors Affecting Obesity Risk.. Advances in Nutrition, 5, 235-247.
• Wise, J. M., & Hongu, N. (2014). Pedometer, Accelerometer, and Mobile Technology for Promoting Physical Activity. Arizona Extension Publication.
• Wise, J. M., Orr, B. J., Wisneski, K. D., & Hongu, N. (2014). GPS Watches for Measuring Energy Expenditure during Physical Activity. Arizona Extension Publication.
• Wyatt, M. A., Waits, J. O., & Hongu, N. (2014). Vitamin C and the Common Cold. Arizona Extension Publication.
• Hongu, N., Orr, B. J., Roe, D. J., Reed, R. G., & Going, S. B. (2013). Global positioning system watches for estimating energy expenditure. Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association, 27(11).
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  Global positioning system (GPS) watches have been introduced commercially, converting frequent measurements of time, location, speed (pace), and elevation into energy expenditure (EE) estimates. The purpose of this study was to compare EE estimates of 4 different GPS watches (Forerunner, Suunto, Polar, Adeo), at various walking speeds, with EE estimate from a triaxial accelerometer (RT3), which was used as a reference measure in this study. Sixteen healthy young adults completed the study. Participants wore 4 different GPS watches and an RT3 accelerometer and walked at 6-minute intervals on an outdoor track at 3 speeds (3, 5, and 7 km/hr). The statistical significance of differences in EE between the 3 watches was assessed using linear contrasts of the coefficients from the overall model. Reliability across trials for a given device was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients as estimated in the mixed model. The GPS watches demonstrated lower reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) across trials when compared with the RT3, particularly at the higher speed, 7 km/hr. Three GPS watches (Forerunner, Polar, and Suunto) significantly and consistently underestimated EE compared with the reference EE given by the RT3 accelerometer (average mean difference: Garmin, -50.5%; Polar, -41.7%; and Suunto, -41.7%; all p < 0.001). Results suggested that caution should be exercised when using commercial GPS watches to estimate EE in athletes during field-based testing and training.
• Buchowski, M. S., Hongu, N., Acra, S., Wang, L., Warolin, J., & Jackson, L. (2012). Effect of Modest Caloric Restriction on Oxidative Stress in Women, a Randomized Trial. PLoS ONE, 7(10).
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  PMID: 23071718;PMCID: PMC3465282;Abstract: Objectives: It is not established to what extent caloric intake must be reduced to lower oxidative stress in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of short-term, moderate caloric restriction on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight and obese premenopausal women. Materials/Methods: Randomized trial comparison of 25% caloric restriction (CR) or control diet in 40 overweight or obese women (body mass index 32±5.8 kg/m2) observed for 28 days and followed for the next 90 days. Weight, anthropometry, validated markers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostane) and inflammation (C-reactive protein), adipokines, hormones, lipids, interleukins, and blood pressure were assessed at baseline, during the intervention, and at follow-up. Results: Baseline median F2-isoprostane concentration (57.0, IQR = 40.5-79.5) in the CR group was 1.75-fold above average range for normal weight women (32.5 pg/ml). After starting of the caloric restriction diet, F2-isoprostane levels fell rapidly in the CR group, reaching statistical difference from the control group by day 5 (median 33.5, IQR = 26.0-48.0, P
• Hongu, N., Wisneski, K., & Orr, B. (2012). Bringing University Innovation to the Retirement Community: An Outdoor Walking Program for Older Adults.. The Forum for Family and Consumer Issues, 17(1).
• Kappico, J., Suzuki, A., & Hongu, N. (2012). Is Honey the Same as Sugar?. Arizona Extension Publication.
• Teran, B. M., & Hongu, N. (2012). Successful Statewide Walking Program Websites.. Journal of Extension.
• Teran, B. M., & Hongu, N. (2012). Successful statewide walking program websites. Journal of Extension, 50(1).
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  Abstract: Statewide Extension walking programs are making an effort to increase physical activity levels in America. An investigation of all 20 of these programs revealed that 14 use websites as marketing and educational tools, which could prove useful as the popularity of Internet communities continues to grow. Website usability information and an analysis of all 14 sites were combined to determine characteristics that may enhance the efficacy of these sites. Application of these findings could allow Extension professionals to more efficiently communicate with the public about exercise, nutrition, and state walking programs. © by Extension Journal, Inc.
• , B., & Hongu, N. (2011). Outdoor Eating: Enjoying Nature the No-Waste Way. Arizona Extension Publication.
• Hongu, N., Hingle, M., Merchant, N., Orr, B., Going, S., Mosqueda, M., & Thomson, C. (2011). Dietary Assessment Tools Using Mobile Technology. Topics in Clinical Nutrition, 26(4), 300-311.
• Hongu, N., Kataura, M. P., & Block, L. M. (2011). Behavior change strategies for successful long-term weight loss: Focusing on dietary and physical activity adherence, not weight loss. Journal of Extension, 49(1).
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  Abstract: This article helps Extension professionals guide individuals in a successful long-term weight loss program. A program should focus on behavioral changes (improving eating habits and physical activity), not just weight loss. In order to do this, Extension professionals should implement behavior change strategies that motivate individuals to initiate and maintain healthy behaviors that fit their lifestyle in approachable and convenient ways. Behavior change strategies demonstrated here (self-efficacy and self management strategies) are examples that can be incorporated into a weight loss program and could help to maintain those healthy habits even after a program ends. © by Extension Journal, Inc.
• Hongu, N., Kataura, M., & Block, L. (2011). Behavior Change Strategies for Successful Long-Term Weight Loss: Focusing on Dietary and Physical Activity Adherence, Not Weight Loss. Journal of Extension, 49(1).
• McDonald, D., Kranch, R., & Hongu, N. (2011). Follow-up evaluation to determine short-term effectiveness of a nutrition education program in a primarily Latino population. The Forum for Family and Consumer Issues.
• Powers, J. S., Jackson, L., Tarvin, E., Hongu, N., Choi, L., & Buchowski, M. (2008). Oxidative stress and multi-organ failure in hospitalized elderly people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56(6), 1150-1152.
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  PMID: 18554367;PMCID: PMC3072579;
• Sachan, D. S., Hongu, N., & Johnsen, M. (2005). Decreasing oxidative stress with choline and carnitine in women. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 24(3), 172-176.
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  PMID: 15930482;Abstract: Objective: Fatty acid oxidation is predominantly a mitochondrial event, which is enhanced by dietary choline and carnitine supplementation resulting in extra reactive oxygen species (ROS) load. The objective was to assess oxidative stress level by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TEARS] in choline and carnitine supplemented healthy women before and after mild exercise. Methods: Nineteen free-living women completed the placebo control study in which choline and/or L-carnitine was orally taken for 21 days. Anthropometric measurements, dietary recall, exercise routine and blood samples were analyzed to determine body composition, nutrients intake, distance walked and biochemical markers related to oxidative stress. Results: TEARS were significantly lower in the groups supplemented with choline, carnitine or both and the mild exercise (walking) was not a deterrent in this effect of the supplements. Serum vitamin A and E concentrations were higher in the supplemented groups even though the consumption of these nutrients was not different among the groups. Conclusion: Choline and carnitine supplementation lowers lipid peroxidation, and promotes conservation of retinol and α-tocopherol in free-living women.
• Hongu, N., & Sachan, D. S. (2003). Carnitine and choline supplementation with exercise alter carnitine profiles, biochemical markers of fat metabolism and serum leptin concentration in healthy women. Journal of Nutrition, 133(1), 84-89.
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  PMID: 12514272;Abstract: We sought to determine the effects of supplementary choline, carnitine and a combination of the two with or without exercise on serum and urinary carnitine and biochemical markers of fatty acid oxidation in healthy humans. Nineteen women were placed in three groups: 1) placebo, choline or carnitine preloading period of 1 wk followed by 2) supplementation with choline plus carnitine during wk 2-wk 3 and 3) all groups exercised in wk 3. Although there were no changes in the placebo group, serum and urinary carnitine decreased in the choline-supplemented group during wk 1. Introduction of carnitine to the choline group restored serum and urinary carnitine. Serum and urinary carnitine increased during wk 1 in the carnitine-supplemented group and, although the introduction of choline to this group depressed serum and urinary carnitine, they remained significantly greater than control. Serum β-hydroxybutyrate and serum as well as urinary acetylcarnitine were elevated by the supplements. A mild exercise regimen increased the concentration of serum β-hydroxybutyrate, and serum and urinary acylcarnitines; it also decreased serum leptin concentrations in all groups. The effects of supplements were sustained until wk 2 after cessation of choline plus carnitine supplementation and exercise. We conclude that the choline-induced decrease in serum and urinary carnitine is buffered by carnitine preloading, and these supplements shift tissue partitioning of carnitine that favors fat mobilization, incomplete oxidation of fatty acids and disposal of their carbons in urine as acylcarnitines in humans.
• W, J., Park, E., Hongu, N., & Sachan, D. S. (2002). Choline-induced carnitine conservation by increased fractional tubular reabsorption of carnitine in guinea pigs. Nutrition Research, 22(10), 1219-1230.
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  Abstract: Urinary carnitine excretion is decreased by supplemental choline in humans and guinea pigs. In guinea pigs, the decreased excretion is associated with increased carnitine concentrations in skeletal muscle and decreased body fat. This study evaluated the effect of choline supplementation at various levels (0, 2, 5, or 10 g choline per kg diet) on feed intake, intestinal carnitine retention, whole body carnitine, and renal reabsorption of carnitine in guinea pigs. Choline supplemented animals excreted < half the carnitine as unsupplemented after day 2 of the study, due to an increase in fractional tubular reabsorption of carnitine. However, there was no significant effect of different doses of choline on urinary carnitine excretion. Carnitine concentrations were higher in gut, muscle, and carcasses in the choline supplemented animals. There was no difference in carnitine concentrations of feces or gut contents. This study demonstrated that choline preserves body carnitine stores through increased renal reabsorption. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
• Hongu, N., & Sachan, D. S. (2000). Caffeine, carnitine and choline supplementation of rats decreases body fat and serum leptin concentration as does exercise. Journal of Nutrition, 130(2), 152-157.
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  PMID: 10720162;Abstract: The effect of a combination of caffeine, carnitine and choline with or without exercise on changes in body weight, fat pad mass, serum leptin concentration and metabolic indices was determined in 20 male, 7-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats. They were given free access to a nonpurified diet without or with caffeine, carnitine and choline at concentrations of 0.1, 5 and 11.5 g/kg diet, respectively. In a 2 x 2 factorial design, one-half of each dietary group was exercised, and the other half was sedentary. Body weight and food intake of all rats were measured every day for 28 d. Rats were killed and blood and tissue samples were collected and analyzed for biochemical markers. Food intake of the groups was not different, but the body weight was significantly reduced by exercise in both dietary groups. Fat pad weights and total lipids of epididymal, inguinal and perirenal regions were significantly reduced by the supplements as well as by exercise. Regardless of exercise, supplements significantly lowered triglycerides in serum but increased levels in skeletal muscle. Serum leptin concentrations were equally lowered by supplements and exercise. Serum leptin was correlated with body weight (r = 0.55, P ≤ 0.01), fat pad weight (r = 0.82, P ≤ 0.001) and serum glucose (r = 0.51, P ≤ 0.05). We conclude that the indices of body fat loss due to dietary supplements were similar to those due to mild exercise, and there were no interactive effects of the two variables.
• Sachan, D. S., & Hongu, N. (2000). Increases in VO₂max and metabolic markers of fat oxidation by caffeine, carnitine, and choline supplementation in rats. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 11(10), 521-526.
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  PMID: 11120451;Abstract: We have previously shown that the combination of caffeine, carnitine, and choline supplementation decreased body fat and serum leptin concentration in rats and was attributed to increased fat utilization for energy. As a result, it was hypothesized that the supplements may augment exercise performance including physiological and biochemical indexes. Twenty 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were given free access to a nonpurified diet with or without supplementation of caffeine, carnitine, and choline at concentrations of 0.1, 5, and 11.5 g/kg diet, respectively. One half of each dietary group was exercised on a motor-driven treadmill for 3 weeks and maximal aerobic power (VO2max) was determined on the 18th day of exercise. Rats were killed 24-hr postexercise, and blood, regional fat pads, and skeletal muscle were collected. The VO2max was increased (P < 0.05) in the supplemented/exercised group; however, the respiratory quotient (RQ) was not affected. Postexercised concentrations of serum triglycerides were decreased but β-hydroxybutyrate, acylcarnitine, and acetylcarnitine were increased in the supplemented animals. The changes in serum metabolites were complemented by the changes in the muscle and urinary metabolites. The magnitude of increase in urinary acylcarnitines (34-45-fold) is a unique effect of this combination of supplements. Cumulative evidence indicates enhanced β-oxidation of fatty acids without a change in the RQ because acetyl units were excreted in urine as acetylcarnitine and not oxidized to carbon dioxide. For this phenomenon, we propose the term 'fatty acid dumping.' We conclude that supplementation with caffeine, carnitine, and choline augments exercise performance and promotes fatty acid oxidation as well as disposal in urine. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.
• W., J., Hongu, N., Mynatt, R. L., & Sachan, D. S. (1998). Choline supplementation increases tissue concentrations of carnitine and lowers body fat in guinea pigs. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 9(8), 464-470.
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  Abstract: It has been documented that choline supplementation results in urinary conservation of carnitine in both humans and guinea pigs. This conservation in guinea pigs is associated with increased concentrations of carnitine in skeletal muscle for which no functional consequences have been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in fat metabolism and body composition as a consequence of the increased tissue carnitine in choline-supplemented guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were given free access to commercial diet without or with 3 g choline/kg diet. Using indirect calorimetry, the respiratory exchange ratios (RER) of the animals were determined under normal, exercise, and unfed conditions. There were no differences in RER between supplemented and nonsupplemented groups under any of the conditions. The RER data lead to the conclusion that choline-carnitine did not promote oxidation of fat over carbohydrates for energy. However, proximate analysis of carcass revealed significantly lower total body fat and higher body proteins in the choline-supplemented animals compared with the nonsupplemented animals. These apparently contradictory results are explained by the hypothesis that the acetates generated by the β-oxidation of fatty acids are transferred to carnitine and not oxidized to carbon dioxide, resulting in little or no shift in RER. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.
• Hongu, N. K., & Sachan, D. S. (1997). Interactive effects of caffeine, carnitine, choline and exercise on body fat in rats. FASEB Journal, 11(3), A446.
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  Abstract: We have shown that supplementary choline (Ch) promotes carnitine (Cn) conservation by healthy adults and guinea pig skeletal muscle (J Nutr 125: 1938, 1995; Am J Clin Nutr 63: 904, 1996), which suggests promotion of fat oxidation. A body of equivocal data indicates that supplementary Ch and caffeine (Cf) also promote fat oxidation, but interactive effects of these supplements have not been studied Our objective was to determine effects of a combination of Ch, Cn, and Cf supplementation with (E) or without (NE) exercise on body fat and energy substrate utilization. 20 male S.D. rats (200g bw) were fed for 4 wks, Purina chow nonsupplemented (NS) or supplemented (S) with Ch, Cn and Cf at the rate of 11.5, 0.5 and 0.1 g/ kg chow, respectively. The E groups (one half of each dietary group) were trained on a treadmill (6 days/ wk) reaching a running speed of 18 m/min for 25 min at 15% grade. The VO2 max was determined on 18th day in a respirometer equipped with treadmill. Blood, 24 h urine and tissues were collected after 21 days of execise. The results show that compared to the NS group the S group had higher VO2 max, however, the RER and endurance was not significantly different. The body weights of the NSE and SE groups were significantly lower than NE groups. The epididymal, inguinal and perirenal fat pads were significantly smaller in the SE group. The urinary and serum short-chain acylcarnitines were significantly higher in the SE than NSE group. The combination of supplements increased aerobic exercise capacity and reduced body fat by enhanced fatty acid oxidation.

Proceedings Publications

• Hongu, N., Huang, S., Block, L., Martinez, C., Orr, B., Hoelscher, D. S., Knutson, N., Torrey, Y., & Harris, R. (2012, Fall). Community Walking Program Promotes Physical Activity in Adults and Youth for 10 years. In American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting.
• Hongu, N., Huang, S., Block, L., Martinez, C., Orr, B., Hoelscher, D. S., Knutson, N., Torrey, Y., & Harris, R. (2012, Fall). Community Walking Program Promotes Physical Activity in Adults and Youth for 10 years.. In American College of Sports Medicine, Annual Meeting.
• Mosqueda, M., Martinez, C., Orr, B., Merchant, N., Going, S., & Hongu, N. (2012, Fall). A Nutrition and Physical Activity Intervention Using Smart Phones in Physical Education Classes at a Junior High School. In Experimental Biology.
• Suzuki, A., Pope, B., Roe, D., Orr, B., Merchant, N., Going, S., & Hongu, N. (2012, Fall). Food photo records for assessing daily food intake using a smart phone application in college students. In Experimental Biology.
• Suzuki, A., Pope, B., Roe, D., Orr, B., Merchant, N., Going, S., & Hongu, N. (2012, Fall). Food photo records for assessing daily food intake using a smart phone application in college students.. In Experimental Biology.
• Hongu, N., Hongu, N., Block, L., Block, L., McDonald, D., McDonald, D., Martinez, C., Martinez, C., Hoelscher, D. S., Hoelscher, D. S., O'Campo, J., & J, O. (2011, September). Program that Works: Walking Together for 10 years!. In NEAFCS Annual Session & Exhibits.
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  9/28/2011
• Mosqueda, M., Martinez, C., Orr, B., Merchant, N., Going, S., & Hongu, N. (2010, Fall). A Nutrition and Physical Activity Intervention Using Smart Phones in Physical Education Classes at a Junior High School. In Experimental Biology.

Presentations

• Hongu, N., Belgic, P., & Belgic, S. C. (2018, September). Effects of whey protein supplementation on body composition and physical performance tests in men. The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Annual Meeting. Fukui, Japan: The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine.
• Hongu, N., Shimada, M., Yamamoto, N., Pope, B. T., Houtkooper, L., & Yoshitake, Y. (2017, September). Community team-based walking program to increase physical acidity among older adults. The 72nd Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Annual Meeting. Matuyama, Japan: The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine.
• McDaniels, A., Moya, S. C., Bilgic, P., Pope, B. T., Ricketts, J. R., Alcance, K. A., Lewis, G. R., & Hongu, N. (2017, April). Opinions of GM foods and food grown with pesticides in health and non-health major undergraduate students. Experimental Biology. Chicago: American Society for Nutrition.
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  Oral presentation at ASN's Scientific Session
• Martin-Biggers, J. T., Quick, V., Delaney, C., Povis-Alleman, G., Hongu, N., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2016, April). Parents of preschoolers: Weight-related cognitions and behaviors.. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA: American Society for Nutrition.
• Bilgic, P., Ersoy, G., Ergun, N., & Hongu, N. (2014, April). The effects of whey protein supplementation on body composition and physical performance tests in men.. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA.
• Bilgic, P., Tamer, F., Yabanci, N., Hamamciar, O., Bilgic, C. S., & Hongu, N. (2014, April). Exploring the use of text messages for increasing nutrition knowledge and improving dietary practices in teen athletes. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA.
• Hongu, N. -., Pope, B. T., Martinez, C. L., Merchant, N. C., Misner, S. L., & Roe, D. -. (2013, April). Using smartphones to maintain engagement of youth participation in 8-week walking program. Experimental Biology. Boston, MA: American Society for Nutrition.
• Martin-Biggers, J., Hongu, N. -., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2013, April). Family Meal (FM) Behaviors and Cognitions among Parents of Preschoolers.. Experimental Biology, Boston, MA. Boston, MA.
• Martinez, C. -., Hongu, N. -., Misner, S. L., & Turner, R. J. (2013, April). Farmers' market nutrition program Training: Know your local farmers.. Priester National Health Extension Conference, Corvallis, OR. Corvallis, OR.
• Hongu, N. (2012, January). Walk Across Arizona: Kick-off event. Tucson, AZ: UA Life Work Connection.
• Hongu, N. -. (2012, April). Walk Across Arizona: Celebration event. UA campus. Tucson, AZ.
• Hongu, N. -. (2012, February). Walk Across Arizona Kick-off event. UA Maricopa County Extension Office. Maricopa.
• Hongu, N. (2011, January). Walk Across Arizona: Kick-off event. La Posada, Green Valley, AZ.
• Hongu, N. (2011, January). Walk Across Arizona: Kick-off event. Tucson, AZ: UA Life Work Connection.
• Hongu, N. -. (2011, April). Walk Across Arizona: Celebration event. UA campus. Tucson, AZ.
• Hongu, N. -. (2011, February). Walk Across Arizona Kick-off event. UA Maricopa County Extension Office. Maricopa.

Poster Presentations

• Asli, D., Bilgic, P., & Hongu, N. (2018, May). Muscle dysmorphic disorders, body dissatisfaction and eating disorder in male bodybuilders. American College of Sports Medicine, Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, MN, USA: ACSM.
• Kimura, Y., Ohki, K., Hisatomi, M., Shimada, M., & Hongu, N. (2018, May). Correlation between one-leg standing time and trial making test in Japanese older adults. American College of Sports Medicine, Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, MN, USA: ACSM.
• Richards, R., Jones, B., Anderson, A., Banna, J., Cluskey, M., Gunter, C., Hongu, N., Misner, S., Monroe-Lord, L., Topham, G., & Wong, S. S. (2018, October). Parental practices and impact on child weight among succeeders and strivers. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo, Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C., USA: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
• Serizawa, N., Nishimuta, M., Kodama, N., Shimada, M., Yoshitake, Y., & Hongu, N. (2018, June). Dietary sodium restriction changed calcitonin, T3, T4, and urinary mineral excretion in healthy women. American College of Sports Medicine, Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, MN, USA: ACSM.
• Shimada, M., Going, S. B., Hongu, N., Yamamoto, N., Kimura, Y., & Yoshitake, Y. (2018, May). Leg extensor power and healthy aging are associated in older adults: 10-year Follow-up study.. American College of Sports Medicine, Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN.. Minneapolis, MN, USA: American College of Sports Medicine.
• Devrim, A., Bilgic, P., Aslantas, B., & Hongu, N. (2017, April). Relationship between muscularity concerns and body checking behaviors in Turkish bodybuilders. Experimental Biology. Chicago: American Society for Nutrition.
• Hongu, N., Nojima, A., & Ravia, J. (2017, April). Communication Skills Development through Experiential Learning in Nutritional Sciences. 2017 Experimental Biology. Chicago: American Society for Nutrition.
• Hongu, N., Shimada, M., Miyake, R., Nakajima, Y., Nakajima, I., Bawden, K. G., & Yoshitake, Y. (2017, June). Effects of stair climbing on leg muscle strength in older adults attending physical activity programs. American College of Sports Medicine, Annual Meeting. Denver: American College of Sports Medicine.
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  Thematic Poster presentation - A Wonder Drug for Healthy Aging: Physical Activity Session
• Ilhan, A., Bilgic, P., Varli, M., Rakicioglu, N., & Hongu, N. (2017, April). Associations between depression and cognitive function in Turkish elderly. Experimental Biology. Chicago: American Society for Nutrition.
• Lewis, G. R., Moya, S. C., Pope, B. T., Ricketts, J. R., Alcance, K. A., McDaniels, A., & Hongu, N. (2017, April). Self-reporting a healthy diet and dietary practices among undergraduate nutrition and non-nutrition majors. Experimental Biology. Chicago: American Society for Nutrition.
• Shimada, M., Hongu, N., Nishimuta, M., Kimura, Y., Nakagawa, N., Ohashi, M., Miyazaki, H., & Yoshitake, Y. (2017, June). Physical fitness changes in 80-year old Japanese Adults with no medication use over 10 years. American College of Sports Medicine, Annual Meeting. Denver: American College of Sports Medicine.
• Delaney, C., Martin-Biggers, J. T., Povis-Alleman, G., Hongu, N., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2016, April). Tracking change in Homestyles: Developing a goal tracker for parents of preschool-aged children.. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA: American Society for Nutrition.
• Delaney, C., Martin-Biggers, J., Povis, G., Hongu, N., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2016, April). Nudges: Fun, motivational messages to encourage and reassure parents in the Homestyles randomized controlled trial. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA: American Society for Nutrition.
• Franklin, A. M., Pope, B. T., Taylor, B. R., Harris, P. R., Wyatt, B., Hongu, N., Farr, K. J., Cohen, Z., Nielsen, K., Rahimian, A. R., Appanaitis, I., & Hongu, N. (2016, April). Improvements in conscious eating behaviors in undergraduate nutritional science students. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA: American Society for Nutrition.
• Hongu, N., Lindsay, A. R., Larson-Meyer, E., Houtkooper, L. B., Gallaway, P. J., & Manore, M. M. (2016, April). Energy balance teaching tool for community use: What University nutrition faculty and community nutrition educators want.. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA: American Society for Nutrition.
• Hongu, N., Shimada, M., Miyake, R., Nakajima, Y., Nakajima, I., & Yoshitake, Y. (2016, October). Promoting routine stair use: effectiveness of a community physical activity program for older adults. American College of Sports Medicine, South West Chapter, 36th Annual Meeting. Costa Mesa, California: ACSM.
• Martin-Biggers, J. T., Quick, V., Povis, G., Hongu, N., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2016, July). Families with preschool children: weight-related aspects of their home environments. International Society of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Cape Town, South Africa.
• Martin-Biggers, J., Delaney, C., Povis, G., Hongu, N., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2016, April). Attracting attention: Parent perceptions of cover lines on Homestyles guides. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA: American Society for Nutrition.
• Taylor, B. R., Pope, B. T., Franklin, A. M., Harris, P. R., Wyatt, B., & Hongu, N. (2016, April). Cooking meals more frequently, eating more fruits and vegetables, and less fast-foods among students in nutritional sciences majors than non-majors. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA: American Society for Nutrition.
• Williams, J. E., Gunter, K., Lindsay, A. R., Harden, S., Manore, M. M., Houtkooper, L. B., Hongu, N., & Griffin, S. (2016, June). Exercise Is Medicine For Community Health: Linking Clinics And Communities Through Cooperative Extension. American College of Sports Medicine, Annual Meeting. Boston, MA: ACSM.
• Aceves, K. J., Meléndez, A., Taylor, B. R., & Hongu, N. (2015, Aug 4 - Aug 6). Mexican Mole: Promoting Healthy Meals through Cultural Traditions. 2015 Extension Conference. Tucson, AZ: CALS, AZ Cooperative Extension.
• Alsing, S. E., Pope, B. T., Wyatt, M. A., Tsui, K., Wells, M. J., Farr, K. J., & Hongu, N. (2015, March 28 - April 1). Perceptions and Practices of Meal Preparation among College Students Participating in Cooking Classes. Experimental Biology 2015. Boston, Massachusetts: American Society for Nutrition.
• Alsing, S., Sparks, P. L., Pope, B. T., Conrad, L. R., & Hongu, N. (2015, January 28-30). Promoting Healthy Cooking to College Students. Research Frontiers in Nutritional Sciences Conference. Tucson, AZ: CALS, Departement of Nutritional Sciences.
• Byrd-Brednenner, C., Martin-Biggers, J., Worobey, J., & Hongu, N. (2015, July 25-28). HomeStyles: Shaping home environments and lifestyle practices to prevent childhood obesity: A randomized controlled trial.. Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior 2015 Annual Conference. Pittsburgh, PA: SNEB.
• Dawley, M. M., Hongu, N., Taylor, B. R., Tsosie-Mahieu, A., Tsui, K. C., Wyatt, M. A., Wyatt, M. A., Tsui, K. C., Tsosie-Mahieu, A., Taylor, B. R., Hongu, N., & Dawley, M. M. (2015, January 28-30). Southwest Indigenous Food Project: Frybread. Research Frontiers in Nutritional Sciences Conference. Tucson, AZ: CALS, Departement of Nutritional Sciences.
• Delaney, C., Martin-Biggers, J., Alleman, G., Hongu, N., & Byrd-Brednenner, C. (2015, October 3- October 6). Development of an instructional guide for parents of preschoolers on the effects of TV and media on eating behaviors.. Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo 2015. Nashville, TN: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
• Farr, K. J., Rahimian, A. R., Appanitis, I., & Hongu, N. (2015, January 28-30). Healthy Living in Palau: Tailoring Local Resources and Healthy Information for the Success of Obesity Prevention. Research Frontiers in Nutritional Sciences Conference. Tucson, AZ: CALS, Departement of Nutritional Sciences.
• Hongu, N., & Martinez, C. L. (2015, Aug 4 - Aug 6). i-Challenge! Nutrition and Physical Activity Intervention using Smartphone Apps in a Junior High School. 2015 Extension Conference. Tucson, AZ: CALS, AZ Cooperative Extension.
• Hongu, N., Alleman, G., Martin-Biggers, J., & Byrd-Brednenner, C. (2015, Aug 4 - Aug 6). HomeStyles: Shaping Home Environments and Lifestyle Practices to Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2015 Extension Conference. Tucson, AZ: CALS, AZ Cooperative Extension.
• Hongu, N., Delaney, C., Martin-Biggers, J., Alleman, G., & Byrd-Brednenner, C. (2015, October 3- October 6). Portion sizes: Creation of a guide to help parents of preschoolers right-size food portions.. Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo 2015. Nashville, TN: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
• Hongu, N., Martin-Biggers, J. T., Koenings, M. M., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Brednenner, C. (2015, March 28 - April 1). HomeStyles: Using Behavior Change Theory to Promote Preschooler and Family Health. Experimental Biology 2015. Boston, Massachusetts: American Society for Nutrition.
• Hongu, N., Pope, B. T., & Martinez, C. L. (2015, November 2-7). Nutrition and Physical Activity Intervention using Smart Phone in 8-week Youth Walking Program. Obesity Week, 2015. Los Angeles, California: Obesity Society.
• Hongu, N., Sparks, E. W., Wyatt, M. A., Meléndez, A., Wyatt, B., & Taylor, B. R. (2015, Aug 4 - Aug 6). Gardening as a Form of Physical Activity. 2015 Extension Conference. Tucson, AZ: CALS, AZ Cooperative Extension.
• Hongu, N., Wyatt, M. A., Pope, B. T., Turner, R. J., Gallaway, P. J., & Martinez, C. L. (2015, November 11- November 13). Examining nutrition educator and low-income consumer perception of healthy and sustainable local food choices. American College of Nutrition 56th Annual Conference. Orlando, Florida: American College of Nutrition.
• Pope, B. T., Houtkooper, L. K., Gallaway, P. J., & Hongu, N. (2015, Aug 4 - Aug 6). Physical Activity among Older Adults: Results from a Community-Based Walking Program. 2015 Extension Conference. Tucson, AZ: CALS, AZ Cooperative Extension.
• Pope, B. T., Shimada, M., Houtkooper, L. B., Gallaway, P. J., & Hongu, N. (2015, May 26-30). Physical Activity among Older Adults: Results from a Community-Based Walking Program. American College of Sports Medicine, 62nd Annual Meeting. San Diego, California: ACSM.
• Reicks, M., Banna, J., Gunther, C., Richards, R., Hongu, N., Misner, S., Cluskey, M., Topham, G., & Wong, S. (2015, March 28 - April 1). Motivating Hispanic and Asian Parents to Engage in Practices Promoting Intake of Calcium-Rich Foods and Beverages by Early Adolescents. Experimental Biology 2015. Boston, Massachusetts: American Society for Nutrition.
• Shimada, M., Kimura, Y., Nakagawa, N., Nagayama, H., Nishimuta, M., Ohashi, M., Hongu, N., Miyazaki, H., & Yoshitake, Y. (2015, May 26-30). Findings of a 10-year follow-up: Useful predictors of disability in 70-year-old men and women in Japan. American College of Sports Medicine, 62nd Annual Meeting. San Diego, California: ACSM.
• Tsui, K. C., Taylor, B. R., Wyatt, M. A., Wyatt, B., & Hongu, N. (2015, January 28-30). Fishing for Health: Helping Non-Fish Eaters to Overcome Objections and Cook More Fish-Based Meals At Home. Research Frontiers in Nutritional Sciences Conference. Tucson, AZ: CALS, Departement of Nutritional Sciences.
• Wyatt, M. A., Martinez, C. L., Misner, S. L., Franklin, A. M., Pope, B. T., Turner, R. J., & Hongu, N. (2015, January 28-30). Pilot Study: Nutrition Educator Perceptions of Sustainable Diet. Research Frontiers in Nutritional Sciences Conference. Tucson, AZ: CALS, Departement of Nutritional Sciences.
• Wyatt, M. A., Martinez, C. L., Misner, S. L., Turner, R., Pope, B. T., Franklin, A., & Hongu, N. (2015, Aug 4 - Aug 6). Sustainable Diets: Understanding Nutrition Educator Perceptions. 2015 Extension Conference. Tucson, AZ: CALS, AZ Cooperative Extension.
• Wyatt, M. A., Martinez, C. L., Pope, B. T., Sandoval, G. V., Franklin, A. M., Turner, R. J., & Hongu, N. (2015, March 28 - April 1). Sustainable Diets: Understanding Nutrition Educator Perceptions. Experimental Biology 2015. Boston, Massachusetts: American Society for Nutrition.
• Hongu, N., Gunter, K., Going, S. B., Williams, J. E., Lindsay, A. R., Manore, M. M., & Houtkooper, L. K. (2014, May). Exercise is Medicine (EIM) for Community Health Programs: Expanding to the National Cooperative Extension System. American College of Sports Medicine, Annual Meeting. Orlando, Florida.
• Martin-Biggers, J. J., Lozada, C., Alleman, G. A., Hongu, N., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2014, April). Development of instructions and tape measure to improve accuracy of parental report of preschool height. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA.
• Plawecki, K., Chapman-Novakofski, K., Dahl, W. J., Higgins, M. M., Hongu, N., Horacek, T. M., Tobey, L., Belluomini, M., Qualls, J., & Vadala, A. (2014, April). Availability of consumer sources of dietary vitamin D. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA.
• Pope, B. T., Gallaway, P. J., Flores, U., Turner, R. J., & Hongu, N. (2014, April). A mobile phone-based physical activity recall using daily activity pictures: helping to recall intensity and duration of physical activity. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA.
• Spaccarotella, K., Martin-Biggers, J., Hongu, N., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2014, April). Physical activity behaviors and cognitions of parents of preschoolers. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA.
• Yabanci, N., Bilgic, P., Simsek, L., Tayfur, M., & Hongu, N. (2014, April). Nutritional vulnerability of older adults living with their families in urban areas of Ankara, Turkey: a cross-sectional study. Experimental Biology. San Diego, CA.
• Byrd-Bredbenner, C., Martin-Biggers, J., Worobey, J., & Hongu, N. -. (2013, August). HomeStyles: shaping home environments and lifestyle practices to prevent childhood obesity: A randomized controlled trial.. Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior, Annual Conference. Portland, OR.: Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior.
• Golem, D., Martin-Biggers, J., Hongu, N. -., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2013, October). Good night! Sleep Tight! Parent cognitions related to sleep effects on health and weight of preschool-aged children.. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo, Houston, TX. Houston, TX: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
• Hingle, M., Going, S. B., Orr, B. J., Hongu, N. -., Merchant, N., Nichter, M. -., Roe, D. -., Borden, L., Astroth, K. A., & Marsh, S. E. (2013, August). Stealth health: Youth innovation, mobile technology, online social networking, and informal learning to promote physical activity. Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior, Annual Conference. Portland, OR.: Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior.
• Hongu, N. -., Roe, D. -., Byrd-Bredbenner, C., Worobey, J., Martin-Biggers, J., & Hernandez, G. (2013, April). HomeStyles: Shaping home environments and lifestyle practices to prevent childhood obesity: A randomized controlled trial.. Priester National Health Extension Conference, Corvallis, OR. Corvallis, OR.
• Martin-Biggers, J., Hongu, N. -., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2013, October). Breakfast behaviors and cognitions among parents of preschoolers.. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo, Houston, TX.. Houston, TX: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
• Martin-Biggers, J., Hongu, N. -., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2013, October). Modeling of key weight-related behaviors by parents of 2- to 5-year-old children.. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo, Houston, TX. Houston, TX: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
• Martin-Biggers, J., Hongu, N. -., Worobey, J., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2013, October). Specific feeding strategies of parents of 2- to 5-year-old children: Application of the Rasch Model.. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo, Houston, TX.. Houston, TX: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
• Whitlock, L. T., Pope, B. T., Greenblatt, Y. V., Young, R., Fisher, J. H., Kim, A. S., Flores, U., & Hongu, N. -. (2013, May). Development of a new cell phone-based physical activity recall using daily activity pictures.. American College of Sports Medicine, Annual Meeting. Indianapolis, IN.: ACSM.

Others

• Hongu, N., Sato, T., Wyatt, M. A., Whitlock, L. T., Bawden, K., & Going, S. B. (2018, February). Road to change: Overcoming barriers to regular physical activity. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1757-2018.pdf
• Hongu, N. -., Alsing, S., & Billias, N. N. (2013, March - May). Walk Across Arizona, Weekly Newsletter. Walk Across Arizona website.
• Hongu, N. -., & Hongu, K. (2012, June). Walk Across Arizona: Community Walking Program; Promoting Healthy Lifestyles in Adults and Youth for 10 years. Excellence in Extension Scholarship Symposium.
  More info

  Exact Date: 6/19/2012
• Hongu, N. -. (2010, Fall). Weekly Newsletter. Walk Across Arizona - for Youth. Tucson, AZ: Pima and Pinal Counties Cooperative Extension and the Walk Across Arizona websites.
• Hongu, N. -. (2010, Fall). Weekly Newsletter. Walk Across Arizona. Tucson, AZ: Pima and Pinal Counties Cooperative Extension and the Walk Across Arizona websites.