Janice D Crist

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• Crist, J. D. (2020). Breathett, K., Yee, E., Pool, N., Hebdon, M., Crist, J. D., Yee, R. H., Knapp, S. M., Solola, S., Luy, L., Herrera-Theul, K., Zabala, L., Stone, J., Marylyn M. McEwen, M. M., Calhoun, E., Sweitzer, N. K. (2020). Association of gender and race with allocation of advanced heart failure therapies.. JAMA Network Open,, 3(7), e2011044.. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11044
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  First author was a mentee on qualitative research, at Sarver Heart Hospital.
• Crist, J. D. (2020). Crist, J. D., & Steinheiser, M. M. (2020). Role of the infusion nurse: Caring for the family/lay caregiver of older adults.. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 43(5), 255-261. doi:10.1097/NAN.0000000000000384
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  The co-author was a former PhD graduate.
• Crist, J. D. (2020). Ochieng, J., & Crist, J. D. (2020). Risk perception of developing diabetes complications among African American women with Type 2 diabetes.. Clinical Nursing Research., First published online 4/22/20.. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773820916981
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  Co-published with graduated former PhD/DNP student.
• Crist, J. D. (2020). Okegbile, E. O., Crist, J. D., Goldsmith, M. (2020). Sudanese refugee women’s healthcare access and use: An integrative review.. South International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773820916981
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  Co-authored with former PhD student and her dissertation chair.
• Crist, J. D. (2020). Ortiz-Dowling, E., Crist, J.D., Shea, K.D., & Phillips, L.R (2020). Gender differences in end-of-life care in older Mexican American adults. Journal of Palliative Care, 35(4), 256-266.. doi:DOI: 10.1177/0825859720907419
• Crist, J. D. (2020). Quinn, M. C., Weiss, A. B., Crist, J. D. Early for everyone: Reconceptualizing palliative care in the neonatal intensive care unit.. Advances in Neonatal Care, 20(2), 109-117. doi:DOI: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000000707
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  PhD student published her dissertation; I was one of the co-authors.
• Crist, J. D. (2020). Walker, S., Shea, K. D., Crist, J. C. et al. (2020). The lived experience of persons with malignant pleural mesothelioma in the United States.. CANCER NURSING: An International Journal for Cancer Care, Online published ahead. doi:https://journals.lww.com/cancernursingonline/Abstrac4147202401590200t/publishahead
• Phillips, L. R., Shea, K. D., Crist, J. D., & Dowling, E. M. (2020). Gender Differences in End-of-Life Care in Older Mexican American Adults. Journal of Palliative Care, 35(4), 256-266. doi:10.1177/0825859720907419
• Acosta, L. A., Overgaard, P. M., Pool, N. M., Renz, S. M., & Crist, J. D. (2019). You learn when you teach: A narrative pedagogy for faculty and doctoral-level student teaching assistants. The Qualitative Report, 24(11).
• Crist, J. D., Ortiz-Dowling, E. M., Shea, K. D., & Phillips, L. R. (2019). Knowledge gaps about end-of-life decision-making among Mexican American older adults and their family caregivers.. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 30(4), 380–393. doi:10.1177/1043659618812949
• Crist, J. D., Phillips, L. R., Dowling, E. M., Shea, K. D., Shea, K. D., Dowling, E. M., Phillips, L. R., & Crist, J. D. (2019). Knowledge gaps about end-of-life decision-making among Mexican America older adults and their family caregivers. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 30(4), 380-393. doi:https://doi: 10.1177/1043659618812949
• Crist, J. D., Phillips, L. R., Heasley, B. J., Shea, K. D., Peterson, R. L., Slebodnik, M. B., Martin Plank, L. M., Williams, D. K., Lacasse, C. L., Wyles, C. L., May, J. L., May, J. L., Wyles, C. L., Lacasse, C. L., Williams, D. K., Martin Plank, L. M., Peterson, R. L., Slebodnik, M. B., Heasley, B. J., , Shea, K. D., et al. (2019). Tipping Point Concept Analysis in the Family Caregiving Context. Nursing Forum, 54(3), 10. doi:DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12373
• Crist, J. D., Shea, K. D., Peterson, R. L., Martin Plank, L. M., Lacasse, C. L., May, J. L., Wyles, C. L., Williams, D. K., Slebodnik, M. B., Heasley, B. J., & Phillips, L. R. (2019). Tipping Point Concept Analysis in the Family Caregiving Context. Nursing Forum, 54, 582-592. doi:DOI:10.1111/nuf.12373 https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12373
• Crist, J. D., Shea, K. D., Peterson, R. L., Martin-Plank, L., Lacasse, C. L., Liu, J., May, J. T., Wyles, C., Williams, D. K., Heasley, B. J., & Phillips, L. R. (2019). “Tipping Point” concept analysis in the family caregiving context. Nursing Forum, 54, 582-592. doi:DOI:10.1111/nuf.12373 https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12373
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  Crist, J. D., Shea, K. D., Peterson, R. L., Martin-Plank, L., Lacasse, C. L. Liu, J., May, J. T., Wyles, C., Williams, D., Slebodnik, M., Heasley, B. J., Phillips, L. R. (2019).
• Dowling, E. M., Crist, J. D., Shea, K. D., & Phillips, L. R. (2020). Gender Differences in End-of-Life Care in Older Mexican American Adults. Journal of Palliative Care.
• Crist, J. D. (2018). Oregon’s Familias en Acción replicates benefits for underserved cancer co-survivors through Un Abrazo Para la Familia.. Psycho-Oncology, 27, 2405-2411. doi:10.1002/pon.4841
• Crist, J. D., Dowling, E. M., Shea, K. D., & Phillips, L. R. (2018). Knowledge Gaps about End-of-Life Decision-Making among Mexican American Older Adults and their Family Caregivers: An Integrative Review. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 30(4), 380-393. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659618812949
• Crist, J. D., Montgomery, M. L., Pasvogel, A., Phillips, L. R., & Dowling, E. M. (2018). The association among knowledge of and confidence in home health care services, acculturation, and family caregivers’ relationships to older adults of Mexican Descent. Geriatric Nursing, 39(2018), 689-695. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2018.05.005
• Dowling, E. M., Dowling, E. M., Phillips, L. R., Phillips, L. R., Pasvogel, A., Pasvogel, A., Montgomery, M. L., Montgomery, M. L., Crist, J. D., Crist, J. D., Dowling, E. M., Phillips, L. R., Pasvogel, A., Montgomery, M. L., Crist, J. D., Dowling, E. M., Phillips, L. R., Pasvogel, A., Montgomery, M. L., & Crist, J. D. (2018). The association among knowledge of and confidence in home health care services, acculturation, and family caregivers’ relationships to older adults of Mexican Descent. Geriatric Nursing, 39(6), 689-695. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2018.05.005
• Phillips, L. R., Phillips, L. R., Shea, K. D., Shea, K. D., Dowling, E. M., Dowling, E. M., Crist, J. D., Crist, J. D., Phillips, L. R., Shea, K. D., Dowling, E. M., & Crist, J. D. (2018). Knowledge Gaps about End-of-Life Decision-Making among Mexican American Older Adults and their Family Caregivers: An Integrative Review. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 1-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659618812949
• Bristol, A. A., Crist, J. D., Phillips, L. R., Shea, K. D., & Lacasse, C. (2017). Family Caregivers' Experiences of Within-Hospital Handoffs for Older Adults in Acute Care. Journal of nursing care quality.
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  Family caregivers' experiences during within-hospital handoffs between acute care units are not well understood. Qualitative description methodology was employed to describe family caregivers' experiences during their loved ones' handoffs. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 caregivers of hospitalized older adults. Three themes emerged: Lack of care coordination, Muddling through handoffs alone, and Wariness toward the care delivery system. Findings can help clinicians shape their interactions with caregivers to maximize their involvement in post-hospital care.
• Crist, J. D. (2017). Crist, J. D., Heasley, B. J., Goldsmith, P. N., Carpenter, C. G., Doyle, M. M., Slater, M. N., Duffy, R., McAnally, R., Frick, K. Addressing future demands: Nursing students, elders, and pet birds: A student-initiated quality improvement project.. Geriatric Nursing, 38, 160-164.
• Crist, J. D. (2018). Coats, H., Rosenfeld, A., Crist, J., Sternberg, E., Berger, A. Using cognitive interviews to improve a Psychological-Social-Spiritual Healing instrument: Voices of aging African Americans with serious illness. Applied Nursing Research, 39, 109-114. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2017.11.019
• Crist, J. D., Pasvogel, A., Szalacha, L. A., & Finley, B. A. (2017). Depression in Family Caregivers of Mexican Descent: Exacerbated by Stress and Mitigated by Mutuality. Research in gerontological nursing, 10(3), 106-113.
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  Despite common assumptions that non-paid family caregivers of Mexican descent benefit spiritually from their roles according to cultural familistic norms, there is also evidence of caregiver stress resulting in depression. Depression has the potential to seriously affect caregivers' health and their ability to continue to provide care. The current study's purpose was to examine the relationships among depression, stress, and mutuality (i.e., the quality of the caregiver-care recipient relationship) (N = 74 caregivers of Mexican descent in the southwestern United States). Multiple regression models and exploratory mediational analyses indicated that the stress-depression relationship can be significantly mediated by mutuality. Results support culturally appropriate interventions to decrease caregiver stress and depression by promoting mutuality. In addition, with changing trends in outside work roles and mobility of caregivers of Mexican descent, policy should make services truly accessible to support caregiving families of Mexican descent. [Res Gerontol Nurs. 2017; 10(3):106-113.].
• Kindarara, D. M., McEwen, M. M., Crist, J. D., & Loescher, L. J. (2017). Health-Illness Transition Experiences With Type 2 Diabetes Self-management of Sub-Saharan African Immigrants in the United States. The Diabetes educator, 43(5), 506-518.
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  Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe Sub-Saharan African immigrants' health-illness transition experiences associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) self-management. Methods A qualitative description methodology was used in this study. Face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews lasting 60 to 90 minutes were conducted with 10 Sub-Saharan African immigrant men and women with T2DM recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. Each interview was audio-taped, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Participants' mean age was 60.3 years (range, 44-76 years), 5 men and 5 women; most had lived in the US for more than 10 years (70%) and with T2DM for more than 5 years (60%). Four overarching domains described the health-illness transition experiences the participants had with T2DM self-management: (1) knowledge of T2DM self-management behaviors, (2) current T2DM self-management behaviors, (3) inhibitors of T2DM self-management, and (4) facilitators of T2DM self-management. Conclusions Health professionals should be equipped with an understanding of the properties and conditions of health-illness transition. This understanding is necessary to build a foundation that facilitates healthy adaptation to the T2DM transition requiring the development and mastery of new skills consistent with gaining control of T2DM. Culturally tailored interventions need to be developed to decrease inhibitors of and encourage self-management in daily T2DM care for Sub-Saharan African immigrants with T2DM.
• Crist, J. D., Brewer, B. B., Poedel, R. J., & Mathew, L. (2016). Designing a virtual simulation case for cultural competence using a community-based participatory research approach: A Puerto Rican case. Nurse Educator. doi:10.1097/NNE.0000000000000338
• Crist, J. D., Coats, H., Lehman, K., & Luna, I. (2016). Evasions in interactions: Examples from the transcultural nursing research field. The Qualitative Report, 21(6), 1164-1177.
• Crist, J. D., Bruno, C. S., Ruiz, M. R., & Hepworth, J. T. (2013). Refining a telenovela intervention: Stakeholders' perspectives. Geriatric Nursing, 34(2), 158-161.
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  Abstract: Understanding Mexican American (MA) elders' use of home health care services (HHCS) and elders' reactions to interventions designed to increase HHCS use is vital to address disparities (e.g., MA elders use HHCS less yet have more disabilities with earlier onset than other groups). Dialog notes from a telenovela intervention and interviews with two additional elder-caregiver dyads were content analyzed and revealed ways to improve the telenovela, fitting with Narrative Theory. Further contributions by a community advisory council resulted in a revised script and illustrated how research participants and community members can shape interventions to achieve equity in vulnerable populations' healthcare utilization. © 2013.
• Crist, J. D., Ruiz, M. R., Torres-Urquidy, O. H., Pasvogel, A., & Hepworth, J. T. (2013). Recruiting hospitalized Mexican American elder adults and caregivers: Challenges and strategies. Research in Gerontological Nursing, 6(1), 22-28.
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  PMID: 23244443;Abstract: Minority group members' participation in clinical research is essential for eliminating health disparities. Early recruitment procedures for a randomized control trial involving minority elder adults at local hospitals were unsuccessful, with challenges at the hospital and individual levels. These challenges included referrals for home health care being written late during hospitalization, hospital staff being reluctant to assist recruiters, ill minority elder adults, and protective or unavailable caregivers. We met these challenges with evidence-based strategies, including changing inclusion criteria, increasing study staff, branding our study, using a consistently respectful manner, and pacing our process. After revising our approaches in various ways, we recruited close to our goal, with relatively good retention. Participants reported that benefiting the community, rather than monetary reward, was a strong motivator to join the study. Unexpected recruitment expenditures exceeded the recruitment budget. Our experiences include strategies that can be more cost effective in future studies at both hospital and individual levels. © SLACK Incorporated.
• Crist, J., & Crist, J. D. (0). Cafecitos and telenovelas: culturally competent interventions to facilitate Mexican American families' decisions to use home care services. Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.), 26(4).
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  Latino elders have higher rates of chronic illness and death than their non-Latino counterparts Latino elders are also the fastest growing minority group in the United States. Although many Mexican American (MA) elders could benefit from home care services (HCS), many MA elders and family caregivers resist using these services. The purpose of this study was to test using cafecitos and telenovelas to affect MA elders' and caregivers' attitudes toward use of HCS. Cafecitos are traditional informal discussions among similar people. Discussions about attitudes toward using HCS were tested with 3 samples in 3 settings at local and neighborhood associations (n = 43). Telenovelas are dramatizations of compelling stories in Spanish. These were tested with 4 samples in 4 settings (n = 55). Todo ha cambiado portrayed the story of an older MA woman who grappled with her attitudes toward using HCS. Themes of the cafecitos indicated that participation increased knowledge that HCS existed. Anecdotal comments revealed that the participants identified with the Telenovela story. Although the pilot samples was too small to derive Statistical significance, comparisons of pre- and post- tests showed a trend toward increased knowledge. Cafecitos and telenovelas are promising, culturally competent strategies for increasing MA elders' and caregivers' knowledge and willingness to consider using HCS.
• Herrera, A. P., Mendez-Luck, C. A., Crist, J. D., Smith, M. L., Warre, R., Ory, M. G., & Markides, K. (2013). Psychosocial and cognitive health differences by caregiver status among older Mexican Americans. Community Mental Health Journal, 49(1), 61-72.
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  PMID: 22311331;PMCID: PMC3491112;Abstract: This study identifies the risk and protective factors associated with informal caregiving by older (≥70 years) Mexican Americans and profiles caregiving arrangements. Overall, a greater number of informal caregivers (n = 92) were married and female. They also had higher physical functioning and better cognition than non-caregivers (n = 1,888) but fewer visited a physician regularly. Informal caregivers also showed an increased risk of depressive symptoms. A third of caregivers spent more than 20 h/day caregiving and the majority (84%) of care recipients were family members. In order to support the efforts of this disproportionately burdened caregiver group, increased social support and healthcare services are needed. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
• Kao, H. S., Lynn, M. R., & Crist, J. D. (2013). Testing of applicability of mutuality scale with Mexican American caregivers of older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 32(2), 226-247.
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  Abstract: By 2050, Mexican Americans (MAs) will become the largest aged minority subgroup in the United States. Although older MAs often depend on family for care, no standard instrument is available to scale the motive for filial obligation. Building on previous work, the purpose of this study is to establish psychometric properties of the bilingual Mutuality Scale (MS) for use with MA family caregivers of older adults. A methodological design with a convenience sample is used. Through Principal Axis Factoring with Oblimin© rotation, a two-factor structure emerge - interaction between the caregiving dyad and reaction from the care recipient - which accounted for 63% of the variance in MS scores. Cronbach's alphas are.87 in both cases and test-retest estimates across three weeks are r =.93 and.94, respectively. Despite needing further refinement, the MS shows potential to measure the motive involved in older adult care, which may be useful in designing culturally relevant interventions for the MA population. © The Author(s) 2011.
• Liu, Y., Insel, K. C., Reed, P. G., & Crist, J. D. (2012). Family caregiving of older Chinese people with dementia: Testing a model. Nursing Research, 61(1), 39-50.
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  PMID: 22166908;Abstract: Background: The process of taking care of older people with dementia at home is complex and influenced by cultural factors, necessitating a better understanding of the interrelationships of factors within the context of culture. Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the proposed Dementia Caregiving Model, specifying how caregiving appraisal, coping, perceived social support, and familism influence the impact of caregiving stressors on the psychological health of caregivers. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design with a convenience sample (n = 96) from three outpatient clinics of hospitals in China was used. Questionnaires were utilized to measure the variables in the model. Path analysis was used to assess model fit and paths. Results: The original proposed model did not fit the data, butminor modifications produced a very good model fit (χ 2(10, n = 96) = 8.14, p = .62; goodness-of-fit index = .98, comparative fit index = 1.00, and root mean square error of approximation < .001). Care recipients' behavioral problems had direct and indirect negative effects on caregivers' psychological health. Perceived social support had direct and indirect positive effects on caregivers' psychological health. Familism had indirect positive effects on caregivers' psychological health in relation with caregiving satisfaction and coping. Caregiving appraisal and coping were mediators in the model. Conclusions: The model findings lend support that caregivers' cognitive appraisal and coping explain some observed individual differences in stress response and outcomes. The findings broaden understanding of the effects of familism on caregivers' psychological health. In the future, programs should include interventions for caregivers, as well as interventions for care recipients. Copyright © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Crist, J. D., & Speaks, P. (2011). Keeping it in the family: When Mexican American older adults choose not to use home healthcare services. Home Healthcare Nurse, 29(5), 282-290.
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  PMID: 21543918;Abstract: Mexican American elders are more functionally impaired and chronically ill than Anglo elders, yet use home care services less. The purpose of this study was to describe the cultural norms that influence Mexican American elders and their caregivers not to use home care services. A secondary analysis using descriptive ethnography was conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyze Mexican American elders' (N = 4) and family caregivers' (N = 3) individual interviews. The overall finding was the category, "We Take Care of our Own!" This finding represented how Mexican American families faced increasing needs of elders at home in the context of their cultural norm of familism. The cultural findings, "Taking Care of Our Own!" were similar to those by elders who had chosen to use home care services in a previous study. Recognizing the importance of this norm, which is central to the culture, may shape interdisciplinary interventions that support traditional Mexican American family values, yet bring skilled or supportive help into the home. Interventions to increase the use of home care services by Latino families can contribute solutions to the national agenda to reduce healthcare disparities. Copyright © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Crist, J. D., Kim, S., Pasvogel, A., & Velázquez, J. H. (2009). Mexican American elders' use of home care services. Applied Nursing Research, 22(1), 26-34.
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  PMID: 19171292;Abstract: Mexican American (MA) elders are more functionally impaired at younger ages than other elders yet use home care services (HCS) less. To determine the possible reasons, nine questionnaires were completed in Spanish or English by MA elders and caregivers living in southern Arizona (N = 280). Contextual, personal, and attitudinal factors were significantly associated with the use of HCS, and cultural/ethnic factors were significantly associated with confidence in HCS. Interventions should be designed and tested to increase the use of HCS by MA elders by increasing service awareness and confidence in HCS while preserving the expectations of familism and reducing caregiving burden. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
• Crist, J. D., McEwen, M. M., Herrera, A. P., Kim, S., Pasvogel, A., & Hepworth, J. T. (2009). Caregiving burden, acculturation, familism, and Mexican American elders' use of home care services.. Research and theory for nursing practice, 23(3), 165-180.
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  PMID: 19769211;Abstract: Caregiving burden has been shown to predict use of home care services among Anglo Americans. In a previous study, only one of two dimensions of caregiving burden predicted such use among Mexican American caregivers. Because acculturation and familism may affect burden, we conducted analyses to test three hypotheses: increased acculturation decreases familism; decreased familism increases burden; and increased burden increases use of home care services. Among 140 Mexican American family caregivers, acculturation was positively correlated with familism; familism was not significantly correlated with burden; objective burden was positively correlated with use of home care services, and objective and subjective burden significantly interacted in their effect on the use of home care services. Targeted interventions may be needed to increase use of home care services and preserve the well-being of Mexican American elders and caregivers.
• Crist, J. D., Parsons, M. L., Warner-Robbins, C., Mullins, M. V., & Espinosa, Y. M. (2009). Pragmatic action research with 2 vulnerable populations: Mexican american elders and formerly incarcerated women. Family and Community Health, 32(4), 320-329.
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  PMID: 19752634;Abstract: Eliminating health disparities involving minority groups is a major national priority. Action research, a response to this national priority, may be derived from different theoretical models. The purposes of action research are to involve key community stakeholders in developing knowledge and taking pragmatic action to solve problems. In this article, the authors examine how the model was put into action for 2 distinct programs of research, comparing and contrasting final results, one report primarily focusing on recruitment and retention of participants and the other focusing on a community faith-based action research with formerly incarcerated women. © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Loescher, L. J., Crist, J. D., & A., L. (2009). Perceived intrafamily melanoma risk communication. Cancer Nursing, 32(3), 203-210.
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  PMID: 19295423;PMCID: PMC2909761;Abstract: Melanoma is a skin cancer that can be deadly. Members of families with a strong history of melanoma have a high risk of melanoma occurrence or recurrence. Enhanced survival in these family members could be influenced by their knowledge of melanoma risk and by simple behaviors to decrease their risk or detect melanoma in its early, most curable, stage. Yet, there is minimal exploration on communication of risk or risk-modifying behaviors in melanoma at-risk families. In this study, we describe perceived intrafamily communication of melanoma risk. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, we examined in-depth interviews with 22 members of 8 families having 2 or more cases of melanoma. We identified 4 major themes: (1) awareness and understanding of risk, (2) families facilitate and hinder communication, (3) promoting melanoma prevention and detection in the family, and (4) an obligation to tell others. We discuss these findings in the context of extant knowledge of cancer risk communication in families at high risk for other cancers, impediments to cancer risk communication, remaining gaps in knowledge of this phenomenon, suggestions for hypothesis-driven research, and clinical implications that are applicable to these and other at-risk families. © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
• Loescher, L. J., Crist, J. D., Cranmer, L., Curiel-Lewandrowski, C., & Warneke, J. A. (2009). Melanoma high-risk families' perceived health care provider risk communication. Journal of Cancer Education, 24(4), 301-307.
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  PMID: 19838889;Abstract: Background. Families with a melanoma history are at risk of melanoma. Melanoma survival improves when people are aware of their risk and ways to modify it. We explored at-risk families' perceived risk communication from healthcare providers. Methods. Qualitative description. Results. Participants perceived: (1) few provider discussions of melanoma risk or risk-modifying behaviors; (2) a desire to trust information from providers; (3) the healthcare system constrains communication; and (4) concerns about provider competence and caring regarding worrisome lesions. Conclusions. Providers should provide clear, comprehensive, accurate, and consistent messages about melanoma to persons at high risk; messages also convey competence and caring. Copyright © AACE and EACE.
• Weiler, D. M., & Crist, J. D. (2009). Diabetes self-management in a latino social environment. Diabetes Educator, 35(2), 285-292.
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  PMID: 19204101;Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the sociocultural influences and social context associated with living with type 2 diabetes among migrant Latino adults. Methods A qualitative descriptive study using grounded theory techniques was conducted. In-depth semistructured interviews were completed with 10 participants (6 female and 4 male) ranging in age from 46 to 65 years and with a duration of diabetes diagnosis ranging from 1.5 to 40 years. Results An overarching meta-theme of self-management in a social environment emerged. Every aspect of the process of self-management, as described in the 4 major themesg - (1) family cohesion, (2) social stigma of disease, (3) social expectations/perception of "illness," and (4) disease knowledge and understandingg - was influenced by the social context. Conclusions The familist traditions, central to the Mexican culture, had both positive and negative consequences on diabetes management. Tailoring clinical care and developing novel education approaches, to include family and community, is central to improving the health of this population. Recognizing and acknowledging the social stigma associated with diabetes, for this population, will promote understanding and improve clinician-patient communication. The sociocultural influences that affect diabetes management practices (eg, include family, in particular the primary female caregiver, and establish community- and home-based education sessions) must be integrated into clinical practice. Future research focused on population-defined health and disease self-management, novel educational interventions, and family and community interventions focusing on the concept of social stigma of disease is indicated to further affect the health disparities of this population.
• Crist, J. D. (2008). Theory derivation and the telenovela: Facilitating Mexican-American family use of home healthcare. Nursing Science Quarterly, 21(1), 39-40.
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  PMID: 18096982;
• Crist, J. D., Escandón, S., Stewart, B. J., & Archbold, P. G. (2008). The Spanish Version of the Mutuality Scale: evidence for the cultural equivalence of mutuality in Mexican American families.. Research in gerontological nursing, 1(4), 285-294.
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  PMID: 20078002;Abstract: Mutuality, the positive quality of the relationship between the family caregiver and care receiver, is an important variable in family care for frail older adults. It has been shown to be associated with lower levels of caregiver strain and higher levels of caregiving rewards. However, the concept and measure of mutuality were developed with non-Hispanic White samples. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of an instrument-the Spanish Version of the Mutuality Scale. We determined for Mexican American families: (a) the functional equivalence of mutuality, (b) a comparative descriptive framework for mutuality, and (c) the language equivalence of the Mutuality Scale and the Spanish Version of the Mutuality Scale. Evaluating mutuality levels for Mexican American older adults and caregivers, especially in view of their strong cultural norm of familism, is essential.
• Crist, J., & Crist, J. D. (2008). Theory derivation and the telenovela: facilitating Mexican-American family use of home healthcare. Nursing science quarterly, 21(1).
• Phillips, L. R., & Crist, J. (2008). Social relationships among family caregivers: A cross-cultural comparison between mexican americans and non-hispanic white caregivers. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 19(4), 326-337.
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  PMID: 18669901;Abstract: Sometimes, clinicians assume caregivers in cultural groups believed to have large social networks and strong social support need little intervention from health professionals. This longitudinal study tests five hypotheses about the social relationships of Mexican American compared to non-Hispanic White caregivers and whether negative changes in social support affect perceived health. The sample includes 66 Mexican American and 92 non-Hispanic White caregivers. Findings show that social networks and social support are similar at baseline and similarly stable for 1 year. Negative changes in social support are correlated with poorer health perceptions. Findings underscore the importance of designing interventions that are culturally competent based on what the caregiver is experiencing rather than cultural stereotypes. © 2008 Sage Publications.
• Crist, J. D., Woo, S. H., & Choi, M. (2007). A comparison of the use of home care services by Anglo-American and Mexican American elders. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 18(4), 339-348.
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  PMID: 17911574;Abstract: Elders' use of home care services varies globally. The authors tested the relationship of cultural/ethnic, contextual, and social structural factors with elders' use of home care services in the United States. Fifty-seven non-Hispanic White or "Anglo" and 56 Mexican American elders participated. Use of services significantly correlated with Anglo and Mexican American elders' cultural/ethnic and contextual factors. Perceived need and service awareness were the two factors that were significant for both groups and that the authors believe would be amenable to change in future transcultural nursing interventions to decrease use of services disparities.
• Weiler, D. M., & Crist, J. D. (2007). Diabetes self-management in the migrant Latino population. Hispanic Health Care International, 5(1), 27-33.
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  Abstract: This article will present an in-depth exploration and synthesis of current literature that informs nursing knowledge of diabetes self-management for the migrant Latino population. Extensive research in diabetes care has been conducted, however, there is a significant knowledge gap related to the factors that influence the achievement of glycemic control and self-management practices of the Latino population. Based on well-documented disparities in complications and health outcomes among Latinos when compared with White Americans, there is sufficient evidence to question whether traditional White beliefs about self-management are successful or appropriate for the Latino population in general and migrants specifically. Traditional models view self-management as an individual's responsibility. Whether this view is congruent with the collectivist cultural tradition held by many Latinos is unclear. Equally unclear is the degree to which using traditional models of self-management in teaching about managing type 2 diabetes influences health outcomes in this population. Culturally congruent care and nursing interventions involve much more than an understanding of language and dietary preferences. © 2007 Springer Publishing Company.
• Crist, J. D., García-Smith, D., & Phillips, L. R. (2006). Accommodating the stranger en casa: how Mexican American elders and caregivers decide to use formal care.. Research and theory for nursing practice., 20(2), 109-126.
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  PMID: 16758715;Abstract: Mexican American elders have higher levels of functional impairment and chronic illness, yet they use formal home care services less than do non-Hispanic White elders. This article describes the processes by which Mexican American elders and their caregivers decide to use home care services. Interviews were conducted with Mexican American elders (n = 11) and family caregivers (n = 12) for a sample of 23 individuals. The emerging substantive grounded theory included three stages that described the process of deciding to use home care services: Taking Care of our Own, Acknowledging Options, and Becoming Empowered. The processes describe how Mexican American families eventually accept home care services while maintaining their cultural norm of taking care of elders. The theory gives voice to both elders and caregivers in this process, adds to extant knowledge, and shapes interventions to support traditional Mexican American family values such as elders' staying at home as long as possible. The theory meets nursing's goals of reducing health care disparities by improving or sustaining elders' health and functional ability, decreasing the caregiving burden, and reducing health care costs.
• Crist, J. D., Velazquez, H., Durnan, I., & Figueroa, D. R. (2006). Instrument development of the confidence in home care services questionnaire for use with elders and caregivers of Mexican descent. Public Health Nursing, 23(3), 284-291.
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  PMID: 16684208;Abstract: Mexican American elders use home care services less than non-Hispanic white elders, and a larger study is testing whether lack of confidence in home care services, measured by the Community Service Attitude Inventory, is a factor. In order to further develop the questionnaire for use with Mexican American elders and caregivers, qualitative interviews were conducted with Mexican American elders (n=5), Mexican American caregivers (n=5), and home care providers (n=5). Content analysis of interviews supported 2 dimensions: confidence and fear/worry. The research team developed 29 items from the dimensions. Testing of the items (n=15) suggested content validity and two additional items. The revised questionnaire was translated and tested for language equivalence in Spanish and English, assisted by a local community advisory council (n=9). Through collaboration, bicultural/bilingual teams and community partners refined 1 instrument that can be used to measure one of many barriers to equity in health care services with vulnerable populations. Thematic findings may be incorporated into nurses' interventions as they offer home care services to families. © 2006, Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
• Crist, J. D. (2005). Cafecitos and telenovelas: Culturally competent interventions to facilitate Mexican American families' decisions to use home care services. Geriatric Nursing, 26(4), 229-232.
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  PMID: 16173135;Abstract: Latino elders have higher rates of chronic illness and death than their non-Latino counterparts. Latino elders are also the fastest growing minority group in the United States. Although many Mexican American (MA) elders could benefit from home care services (HCS), many MA elders and family caregivers resist using these services. The purpose of this study was to test using cafecitos and telenovelas to affect MA elders' and caregivers' attitudes toward use of HCS. Cafecitos are traditional informal discussions among similar people. Discussions about attitudes toward using HCS were tested with 3 samples in 3 settings at local and neighborhood associations (n = 43). Telenovelas are dramatizations of compelling stories in Spanish. These were tested with 4 samples in 4 settings (n = 55). Todo ha cambiado portrayed the story of an older MA woman who grappled with her attitudes toward using HCS. Themes of the cafecitos indicated that participation increased knowledge that HCS existed. Anecdotal comments revealed that the participants identified with the Telenovela story. Although the pilot sample was too small to derive statistical significance, comparisons of pre- and posttests showed a trend toward increased knowledge. Cafecitos and telenovelas are promising, culturally competent strategies for increasing MA elders' and caregivers' knowledge and willingness to consider using HCS.
• Crist, J. D. (2005). The meaning for elders of receiving family care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 49(5), 485-493.
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  PMID: 15713180;Abstract: Aims. This paper reports a study undertaken to broaden nurse clinicians', policy-makers', and researchers' understandings of what it means to elders to receive family care. Background. The number of older people receiving assistance at home will increase tremendously in coming decades in proportion to the rapidly increasing aged population. Seventy to 80% of the care received by elders is provided by family members. As more elders with fewer family carers are predicted, nursing's insight into the family care phenomenon becomes even more important. The literature contains reports of specific aspects of family care. Most results include reports of elders dreading giving up their independence in the context of Euro-American United States society's highly valued cultural norm of independence. No studies have explored elders' views of the meaning of receiving family care. Methods. Hermeneutic interpretive phenomenology was chosen, and a sample of nine elders (five women and four men) was interviewed. Participants were asked for descriptions of their day-to-day experiences of receiving family care in two to five interviews, and were observed interacting with their family carers in naturalistic settings. Findings. Elders living at home were found to incorporate help from family members comfortably into their lives. They viewed themselves as autonomous and able to maintain balance between autonomy and dependence on loved ones. Conclusions. Receiving family care may have positive meaning for elders, especially when the care is provided within the context of positive relationships with family carers. These findings are in contrast to previous reports. If validated in further research, they could be used to inform practice and policy in health care systems involved in collaborating with families to develop care arrangements for community-living elders. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
• Crist, J., & Crist, J. D. (2005). The meaning for elders of receiving family care. Journal of advanced nursing, 49(5).
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  This paper reports a study undertaken to broaden nurse clinicians', policy-makers', and researchers' understandings of what it means to elders to receive family care.
• Crist, J. D., & Escandón-Dominguez, S. (2003). Identifying and recruiting Mexican American partners and sustaining community partnerships. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 14(3), 266-271.
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  PMID: 12861929;Abstract: In this article, how community partners were identified and recruited and how community partnerships have been sustained during a current program of study designed to eliminate health and use disparities are described. Hispanic elders use in-home community services less often than do Anglo elders. The critical social paradigm, community development theories, and participatory research methods have guided a partnership with Mexican American elders and their caregivers during five research studies. Although the process of partnering with communities evolves within specific contexts and cannot be precisely predicted, strategies can be transferred to research and transcultural nursing practice to improve preventive care and sustainability of healthful changes in vulnerable populations.
• Crist, J. D., & Tanner, C. A. (2003). Interpretation/analysis methods in hermeneutic interpretive phenomenology.. Nursing research, 52(3), 202-205.
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  PMID: 12792262;Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although hermeneutical interpretive phenomenological methodology has been used in many nursing research studies, reports of findings are generally not specific regarding the analysis, or "interpretive process," of this methodology. APPROACH: The purpose of this article is to assist researchers in analyzing interviews and observations, as part of hermeneutical interpretive phenomenology. In this article the interpretive process is explained, illustrated by examples from a recent research study. RESULTS: Other facets of the methodology including research question development, sampling issues, and interview and observation methods are briefly reviewed. DISCUSSION: Approaching the interpretive process as systematically as possible within a nonlinear methodology streamlines and clarifies interpretations of the interview data.
• Crist, J. D. (2002). Mexican American elders' use of skilled home care nursing services. Public Health Nursing, 19(5), 366-376.
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  PMID: 12182696;Abstract: Hispanic elders use skilled home care nursing (SHCN) services less often than Anglo elders. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence whether disabled Mexican American elders decide to use SHCN services. The research process included reviewing the historical context in one Mexican American community, interviewing key and primary informants, presenting a report to the community and getting feedback, and assessing whether the community perceived a need for increased use of SHCN services by their disabled elders. Seven barriers to the use of SHCN services were identified: expectations of discrimination, lack of knowledge about services, expectations embedded in familism, lack of sense of prevention, lack of health insurance, preference for traditional remedies, and neglect/abuse. A community advisory committee validated the barriers identified during interviews and the need for increased use of SHCN services. Results provide new insight into the sociopolitical and cultural complexities that influence health care utilization decisions by Mexican American elders and their families and uncover traditional, oversimplified beliefs and practices by mainstream professionals and policymakers. Interventions that decrease inequities in a southern Arizona community may be transferable to other vulnerable populations in the United States and globally.

Proceedings Publications

• Phillips, L. R., Beverly, H., Zhang, Y., May, J., Lacasse, C. L., Martin Plank, L. M., Liu, J., Jessica, P., Loque, K., Peterson, R., Shea, K. D., & Crist, J. D. (2019, Fall). Sensor Technology: Mexican American Caregiving Families. In Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science.
• Phillips, L. R., Liu, J., Beverly, H., Martin Plank, L. M., Lacasse, C. L., Rachel, P., Crist, J. D., & Shea, K. D. (2019, November). Symposium The Tipping Point Study, Digital Detection and Decision Support for Older Adults and Families. In Gerontological Society of America.
• McEwen, M. M., McEwen, M. M., Crist, J. D., Crist, J. D., Rosenfeld, A. G., Rosenfeld, A. G., Norria, B., & Norria, B. (2016, November). Acute Coronary Syndrome and Native American Men: Symptom Experiences and Challenges to Healthcare Access. In American Heart Association Scientific Session 2016.

Presentations

• Crist, J. D. (2020, 1/15-17/20.). Acosta, L. A., Overgaard, P. M., Pool, N. M., Renz, S. M., Crist, J. D., You Learn When You Teach: A Narrative Pedagogy for Faculty and Doctoral-Level Teaching Assistants, podium presentation,. TQR (The Qualitative Report) Annual Conference,. Ft. Lauderdale, FL: TQR (The Qualitative Report).
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  Co-authors were past PhD student Teaching Assistants
• Shea, K. D., Crist, J. D., & Martin Plank, L. M. (2020, Fall). Graphic-Novela Intervention for Mexican American Aging in Place: Pilot.. GAPNA Virtual Conference On Demand Presentation.. Virtual: Gerontological Advanced Practice Nurses Association.
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  Presentation on grant-funded research on graphic-novela for Mexican American caregivers, to persuade them to accept help and to direct them to sources for assistance
• Crist, J. D. (2019, Feb). "Tipping Points" Research. Arizona Gerontological Nursing ASSN (AGNA) bimonthly panel presentation. Harmony Hospice, Tucson, AZ: Arizona Gerontological Nursing ASSN (AGNA).
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  Presented the background and the issues with caregiving families need to recognize early tipping points to prevent catastrophic events, e.g., fall and fractured hip.
• Crist, J. D. (2019, January). You learn when you teach with teaching assistants: The faculty’s perspective. The Qualitative Report Tenth Annual Conference, “Teaching and Learning Qualitative Research”. Ft. Lauderdale, FL: The Qualitative Report Tenth Annual Conference.
• Crist, J. D. (2019, November). Role of the infusion nurse: Caring for the family/lay caregiver. Infusion Nurses Society National Academy. San Diego, CA: Infusion Nurses Society.
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  Crist, J. D. (2019). Role of the infusion nurse: Caring for the family/lay caregiver. Infusion Nurses Society National Academy, San Diego, 11/1/19 (Invited Speaker).
• Crist, J. D., & Silva-Torres, G. E. (2019, April). Aging in Place: Mexican American Caregiving Families’ Use of Supportive Services. Nurse Conference hosted by a school of nursing in Mexico. Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico: Instituto Interamericano de Educación Superior para la Salud.
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  Crist, J. D., & Silva-Torres, G. E. Aging in Place: Mexican American Caregiving Families’ Use of Supportive Services. Instituto Interamericano de Educación Superior para la Salud, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico, 3/4/19
• Crist, J. D., Peterson, R. L., Lacasse, C., Shea, K. D., Martin-Plank, L., & Heasley, B. J. (2019, November). Lawton’s Theory of Person-Environment Fit: Theoretical foundations for detecting caregiving tipping points. Annual Scientific Meeting. Austin, TX: Gerontological Society of America.
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  Podium Presentation as part of a symposium.
• Lacasse, C. L., Crist, J. D., Shea, K. D., Heasley, B. J., Phillips, L. R., & Liu, J. (2019, April). Identification of tipping points in aging populations: Concept development. Western Institute of Nursing's 52nd Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference, April 11, 2019.. San Diego, CA: Western Institute of Nursing.
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  Lacasse, C. L., Crist, J. D., Shea, K. D., Heasley, B. J., Phillips, L. R., & Liu, J. Identification of tipping points in aging populations: Concept development. Western Institute of Nursing's 52nd Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference, April 11, 2019.
• Liu, J., Heasley, B., Crist, J. D., Shea, K. D., Martin-Plank, L., Phillips, L. R., & Peterson, R. L. (2019, November). Using health information from affordable wearable devices for predicting impending tipping points.. GSA Annual Scientific Meeting. Austin, TX: Gerontological Society of America.
• Peterson, R. L., Shea, K. D., Luque, K., Powell, J., Liu, J., & Crist, J. D. (2019, November). Tipping points pilot study: Wearable devices and algorithms. GSA Annual Scientific Meeting. Austin, TX: Gerontological Society of America.
• Phillips, L. R., Heasley, B. J., Crist, J. D., Lacasse, C. L., Martin-Plank, L., & Liu, J. (2019, November). Creating a Portal Plus. GSA Annual Scientific Meeting. Austin, TX: Gerontological Society of America.
• Crist, J. D. (2018, April). Mexican American caregiving families' under-use of long term support services. Advances in Aging Lecture Series, UA College of Medicine Center on Aging. Kiewit Auditorium, The University of Arizona Cancer Center: College of Nursing, The University of Arizona.
• Crist, J. D. (2018, February). Mexican American elder and caregiver engagement in care. A HOPE Nurses Conference. Online presentation: Harvard University Center for AIDS Research.
• Crist, J. D. (2018, February). Update on the Wildcat Hartford Center. Office of Nursing Research Updates. College of Nursing, Room 416: Office of Nursing Research.
• Phillips, L. R., Shea, K. D., Dowling, E. M., & Crist, J. D. (2018, Summer). Caregiving Families’ Voices: Integrative Review of Research on Mexican American Elders’ Use of End-of-Life Care. Gerontological Society of America.
• Crist, J. D. (2017, 11/29/17). Interdisciplinary mixed methods program of research: Mexican American elders’ and family caregivers’ healthcare use disparities. College of Nursing Monthly Research Meeting. College of Nursing: Office of Nursing Research.
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  Review of funding, topics, and methods in Crist Program of Research
• Crist, J. D. (2017, 4/21/17). Presentation CONDUCTING RESEARCH WITH LATINO INDIVIDUALS, FAMILIES, AND COMMUNITIES. 49th Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference. Denver, CO: Western Institute of Nursing.
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  I co-facilitate the Conducting Research with Latino/a Individuals, Families, and Communities Special Interest Group for WIN. This was the Expert Luncheon; our presentation was on what we learn from our community partners.
• Crist, J. D. (2017, Spring). Research Career Opportunities in Gerontology. Beta Mu Chapter: Professional Nursing Career Opportunities. CON, Rm 117: STTI, Beta Mu Chapter.
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  I was invited with Bev Heasley, President, Arizona Gerontological Nursing ASSN< to talk with nursing students about career opportunities in gerontological nursing, evening reception, 2/20/17.
• Crist, J. D. (2016, July). Cultural issues in aging adults of Mexican descent.. Arizona Gerontological Nursing ASSN, Panel member, invited. Tucson, AZ: Arizona Gerontological Nursing ASSN.
• Crist, J. D., & Coats, H. (2016, November). Symposium: Strategies for Improved Communication across the End of Life Trajectory: A Research Methods Lens. Evasions in Interactions: Transcultural Nursing Research Exemplars. GSA Annual Scientific Meeting. New Orleans: Gerontological Society of America.
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  Abstract drafted by co-author H. Coats based on our co-publication. Presented by me as part of a symposium.
• Crist, J. D., & Heasley, B. J. (2016, October). Heasley, B. J., & Crist, J. D. (2016). Transitioning a Traditional Assisted Living into an Inter-professional Academic Center. National Gerontological Nursing ASSN (NGNA) Annual Conference. Indianapolis: National Gerontological Nursing ASSN (NGNA).
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  Invited presentation to all attendees on the second full day of the annual convention. Ms. Heasley and I discussed the incorporation of Health Sciences students into the care of residents at St. Luke's Home Academic Assisted Living Center. This presentation has been written as a quality improvement manuscript and is under review in the GERIATRIC NURSING journal.
• Crist, J. D., Brice, N., McEwen, M. M., & Rosenfeld, A. G. (2016, spring). Acute coronary syndrome and Native American men: Symptom experiences and challenges to healthcare access. AHA Scientific Sessions 2016/Resusciatation Science Symposium 2016American Heart Association.
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  Co-authored abstract for podium symposium presentation by graduated PhD student.
• McEwen, M. M., Crist, J. D., & Reifsnider, E. (2016, Apr). CONDUCTING RESEARCH WITH LATINO INDIVIDUALS, FAMILIES, AND COMMUNITIES. 49th Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference. Anaheim, CA: 49th Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference.
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  Latino/a Research Symposium

Poster Presentations

• Crist, J. D. (2020, April 16, 2020.). May, J. T., Crist, J. D., & Stone, J. A. (2020). A novel approach to reducing implicit bias: An organizational intervention.. Western Institute of Nursing's 53rd Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference,. Portland, OR,: Western Institute of Nursing.
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  The first author is a PhD mentee.
• Lacasse, C. L., Martin Plank, L. M., & Crist, J. D. (2020, November). Mutual Respect: Communication for Innovative Partnerships in Interdisciplinary Geroscience Research. Leadership Conference. Online: National Hartford Center of Geriatric Nursing Excellence.
• Crist, J. D., Shea, K. D., Peterson, R., Luque, K., Powell, J., Liu, J., Martin-Plank, L., Lacasse, C. L., May, J. T., Zhang, Y., Heasley, B. J., & Phillips, L. R. (2019, October). Sensor Technology: Mexican American Caregiving Families. CANS State of the Science Congress. WA DC: Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science (CANS).
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  Crist, J.D., Shea, K.D., Peterson, R., Luque, K., Powell, J., Liu, J., Martin-Plank, L., Lacasse, C., May, J.T., Zhang, Y., Heasley, B.J., Phillips, L.R. Sensor Technology: Mexican American Caregiving Families. Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science (CANS), WA DC, 10/23/19.
• Martinez, A., Phillips, L. R., Crist, J. D., & Coats, H. (2019, April). Latino/a/x voices: Strategies to capture diverse perspectives on health. Western Institute of Nursing's 52nd Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference. San Diego, CA: Western Institute of Nursing.
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  Martinez, A., Phillips, L. R., Crist, J. D., Coats, H. Latino/a/x voices: Strategies to capture diverse perspectives on health. Western Institute of Nursing's 52nd Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference, San Diego, April 11, 2019
• McDaniel, B. M., Daly, P., & Crist, J. D. (2019, April). Suicide loss survivors’ experience. Western Institute of Nursing's 52nd Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference. San Diego, CA: Western Institute of Nursing.
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  McDaniel, B. M., Daly, P. & Crist, J. D. Suicide loss survivors’ experience. Western Institute of Nursing's 52nd Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference, San Diego, April 11, 2019.
• Sololo, S., & Crist, J. D. (2019, April). Race and gender-based perceptions of older adults. AHA Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Scientific Session. Arlington, VA: American Heart Association.
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  I was co-author with several other co-authors: Sololo, S. ….Crist, J. D. et al., Race and gender-based perceptions of older adults, Poster presentation, AHA Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Scientific Session, Arlington, VA, April 6, 2019.
• Phillips, L., Phillips, L., Heasley, B., Heasley, B., Goldsmith, P. N., Goldsmith, P. N., Crist, J. D., Crist, J. D., Phillips, L., Heasley, B., Goldsmith, P. N., Crist, J. D., Phillips, L., Heasley, B., Goldsmith, P. N., & Crist, J. D. (2018, April 2018). Theory of Reasoned Action, Health Belief Model: Mexican American Elder Formal Care Use. Western Institute of Nursing Conference. Spokane, WA: WIN.
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  I co-authored but did not present at WIN. I did present it with Dr. Janice Crist at the 5/3/18 RACS 2018 Nurse's Week Poster Showcase.
• Shea, K. D., Crist, J. D., Dowling, E. M., & Phillips, L. R. (2018, November). . Effects of health care policy on access to end of life care for Mexican Americans: What do we currently know?. American Public Health Association's 2018 Annual Meeting & Expo. San Diego, CA: APHA.
• Crist, J. D. (2017, April 22). Bristol, A. A., & Crist, J. D. Poster presentation: Family caregivers’ experiences during transitions within acute care.. Western Institute of Nursing's 48th Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference. Denver, CO: Western Institute of Nursing's 48th Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference.
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  Collaboration with recently graduated PhD student, Dr. Alycia Bristol
• Crist, J. D. (2017, April 22). Crist, J.D. Overview: Learning from the Latino community: Symposium poster. WIN: Communicating Nursing Research Conference. Denver, CO: WIN Special Interest Group: Conducting Research with Latino/a Individuals, Families, and Communities.
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  This was a symposium with 4 other presenters, focused on learning from our community partners, collaboration within our WIN Special Interest Group: Conducting Research with Latino/a Individuals, Families, and Communities
• Crist, J. D. (2017, April 29). Crist, J. D., Heasley, B., Goldsmith, P. (2017). Elders’ bird pets improve self-care in residential facility. Arizona Gerontological Nursing Association Annual Conference. Tucson, AZ: Wildcat Hartford Center.
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  Poster presentation at AGNA annual educational conference.
• Crist, J. D., & Pasvogel, A. (2017, summer). Associations of Familismo, Acculturation, Caregiving Burden with Knowledge and Confidence in Home Health Services. International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics. San Francisco, CA.
• Phillips, L. R., Phillips, L. R., Crist, J. D., Crist, J. D., Dowling, E. M., & Dowling, E. M. (2017, April). Uniqueness of Latino Subgroups in the Southwest: Implications for Research. 2017 Nurses Week Poster Showcase. The University of Arizona, College of Nursing, Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona, College of Nursing and Banner University Medical Center.
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  This research poster was part of a poster symposium titled, "From Expert to Novice: Learning from Latino Community Partners."
• Phillips, L. R., Phillips, L. R., Crist, J. D., Crist, J. D., Dowling, E. M., & Dowling, E. M. (2017, April). Uniqueness of Latino Subgroups in the Southwest: Implications for Research. 50th Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference. Colorado Convention Center in Denver: Western Institute for Nursing.
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  This research poster was part of a poster symposium titled, "From Expert to Novice: Learning from Latino Community Partners."
• Crist, J. D., Okegbile, E., & Goldsmith, M. M. (2016, September). South Sudanese refugee women’s healthcare access and use. 2016 State of the Science Congress on Nursing Research: Determinants of Health. WA DC: Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science.
• Rosenfeld, A. G., Coats, H., Crist, J. D., Sternberg, E. M., & Berger, A. (2016, April). African American views: Content validity of multidimensional healing measure.. Western Insitute of Nursing Communicating Nursing Research Conference. Anaheim CA: Western Institute of Nursing.