Jeffrey S Fehmi

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• Arnold, A. E., Rasmussen, C., & Fehmi, J. S. (2021). The pioneer effect advantage in plant invasions: site priming of native grasslands by invasive grasses. Ecosphere, 12(9). doi:10.1002/ecs2.3750
• Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C., & Arnold, A. E. (2021). The pioneer effect advantage in plant invasions: site priming of native grasslands by invasive grasses. Ecosphere, 12(9):e03750. DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3750.
• Gill, A., Fehmi, J. S., & Gornish, E. (2021). Biotic and abiotic factors important for Palmer's agave restoration in Lehmann lovegrass dominated areas. Ecological Restoration, NA. doi:10.1111/rec.13482
• Gornish, E., Fehmi, J. S., & Farrell, H. (2021). The effects of site preparation equal to those of seeding at a dryland restoration site: 6 years of plant community development. Restoration Ecology, e13482.
• Pavliscak, L. L., & Fehmi, J. S. (2020). Agave palmeri restoration: salvage and transplantation of population structure. Arid Land Research and Management. doi:10.1080/15324982.2020.1821829
• Espinosa, N., Moore, D. J., Rasmussen, C., Fehmi, J. S., & Gallery, R. E. (2020). Woodchip and biochar amendments elicit different microbial responses and revegetation success in semi-arid ecosystem soils. Restoration Ecology.
• Fehmi, J. S., & Pavliscak, L. L. (2020). Agave palmeri restoration: salvage and transplantation of population structure. Arid Land Research and Management, 35(2), 177-188. doi:10.1080/15324982.2020.1821829
• Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C., & Gallery, R. E. (2020). Biochar and woodchip amendments alter restoration outcomes, microbial processes, and soil moisture in a simulated semi-arid ecosystem. Restoration Ecology.
• Gallery, R. E., Fehmi, J. S., & Rasmussen, C. (2020). Biochar and woodchip amendments alter restoration outcomes, microbial processes, and soil moisture in a simulated semi‐arid ecosystem. Restoration Ecology, 28(S4). doi:10.1111/rec.13100
• Gornish, E., Fehmi, J. S., Danielson, R., Barberan, A., & Farrell, H. (2020). Disturbance is more important than seeding or grazing in determining soil microbial communities in a semi-arid grassland. Restoration Ecology.
• Abercrombie, S. T., Koprowski, J. L., Nichols, M. H., & Fehmi, J. S. (2019). Native lagomorphs suppress grass establishment in a shrub-encroached, semiarid grassland. Ecology and evolution, 9(1), 307-317.
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  Shrub encroachment into arid grasslands has been associated with reduced grass abundance, increased soil erosion, and local declines in biodiversity. Livestock overgrazing and the associated reduction of fine fuels has been a primary driver of shrub encroachment in the southwestern United States, but shrublands continue to persist despite livestock removal and grassland restoration efforts. We hypothesized that an herbivory feedback from native mammals may contribute to continued suppression of grasses after the removal of livestock. Our herbivore exclusion experiment in southeastern Arizona included five treatment levels and allowed access to native mammals based on their relative body size, separating the effects of rodents, lagomorphs, and mule deer. We included two control treatments and replicated each treatment 10 times (50). We introduced uniform divisions of lawn sod () into each exclosure for 24-hr periods prior to (2) and following (2) the monsoon rains and used motion-activated cameras to document herbivore visitations. In the pre-monsoon trials, treatments that allowed lagomorph access had less sod biomass relative to other treatments (0.001), averaging 44% ( 36%) and 29% ( 45%) remaining biomass after the 24-hr trial periods. Following the onset of monsoons, differences in remaining biomass among treatments disappeared. Desert cottontails () were detected more frequently than any of the other 11 herbivore species present at the site, accounting for 83% of detections during the pre-monsoon trials. Significantly more (0.001) desert cottontails were detected during the pre-monsoon trials (2,077) compared to the post-monsoon trials (174), which coincided with biomass removal from lagomorph accessible treatments. We conclude that desert cottontails are significant consumers of herbaceous vegetation in shrub-encroached arid grasslands and they, along with other native herbivores, may act as a biotic feedback contributing to the competitive advantage and persistence of shrubs.
• Abercrombie, S. T., Koprowski, J. L., Nichols, M., & Fehmi, J. S. (2019). Native Lagomorphs Suppress Grass Establishment in a Shrub-Encroached, Semi-Arid Grassland. Ecology and Evolution, 9, 307-317. doi:10.1002/ece3.4730
• Fehmi, J. S., Arnold, H., & Gornish, E. (2019). Review of seed pelletizing strategies for arid land restoration. Restoration Ecology, 27, 1206-1211.
• Fehmi, J., Gornish, E., & Arnold, H. (2019). Review of seed pelletizing strategies for arid land restoration. Restoration Ecology, 27(6), 1206-1211. doi:10.1111/rec.13045
• Weston, J. D., Mcclaran, M. P., Whittle, R. K., Black, C. W., & Fehmi, J. S. (2019). Satellite Patches, Patch Expansion, and Doubling Time as Decision Metrics for Invasion Control: Pennisetum ciliare Expansion in Southwestern Arizona. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 12, 36-42. doi:10.1017/ inp.2019.3
• Farrell, H. L., & Fehmi, J. S. (2018). Seeding alters plant community trajectory: Impacts of seeding, grazing and trampling on semi-arid re-vegetation. APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE, 21(2), 240-249.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2018). Research note: A rock mulch layer supported little vegetation in an arid reclamation setting. Arid Land Research and Management, 32(2), 253-256. doi:DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2017.1391356
• Fehmi, J. S. (2017). Research note: A rock mulch layer supported little vegetation in an arid reclamation setting. Arid Land Research and Management, 32(2), 253-256. doi:10.1080/15324982.2017.1391356
• Gebhardt, M., Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C., & Gallery, R. E. (2017). Soil amendments alter plant biomass and soil microbial activity in a semi-desert grassland. PLANT AND SOIL, 419(1-2), 53-70.
• Gebhardt, M., Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C., & Gallery, R. E. (2017). Soil amendments alter plant biomass and soil microbial activity in a semi-desert grassland. Plant and Soil, 419, 53-70. doi:DOI:10.1007/s11104-017-3327-5
• Ma, Q., Fehmi, J. S., Zhang, D., Fan, B., & Chen, F. (2017). Changes in wind erosion over a 25-year restoration chronosequence on the south edge of the Tengger Desert, China: implications for preventing desertification. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT, 189(9).
• Ma, Q., Fehmi, J. S., Zhang, D., Fan, B., & Cheng, F. (2017). Changes in wind erosion over a 25-year restoration chronosequence on the south edge of Tengger desert, China: implications for preventing desertification. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189, 463 (14 pages). doi:DOI:10.1007/s10661-017-6183-0
• Beggy, H. M., & Fehmi, J. S. (2016). Effect of surface roughness and mulch on semi-arid revegetation success, soil chemistry and soil movement. Catena, 143, 215-220.
• Fehmi, J. S., & Whitbeck, D. (2016). Variables influencing law enforcement off-road route proliferation on an arid site.. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 3, 45-52.
• Jernigan, M. B., Mcclaran, M. P., Biedenbender, S. H., & Fehmi, J. S. (2016). Uprooted buffelgrass thatch reduces buffelgrass seedling stablishment.. Arid Land Research and Management, 30, 320-329.
• Pavliscak, L. L., Fehmi, J. S., & Smith, S. E. (2015). Assessing Emergence of a Long-Lived Monocarpic Succulent in Disturbed, Arid Environments: Evaluating Abiotic Factors in Effective Agave Restoration by Seed. Arid Land Research and Management, 29(1), 98-109.
• Rasmussen, C., Gallery, R. E., & Fehmi, J. S. (2015). Passive soil heating using an inexpensive infrared mirror design – a proof of concept. Soil, 1, 631-639. doi:10.5194/soil-1-631-2015
• Rasmussen, C., Gallery, R. E., & Fehmi, J. S. (2015). Passive soil heating using an inexpensive infrared mirror design – a proof of concept.. SOIL, 631-639. doi:doi:10.5194/soil-1-631-2015
• Fehmi, J. S., Niu, G. -., Scott, R. L., & Mathias, A. (2014). Evaluating the effect of rainfall variability on vegetation establishment in a semidesert grassland.. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(1), 395-406.
• Levi, E. M., & Fehmi, J. S. (2014). Landscape variables as predictors of native grass community characteristics in Sonoran Desert xeroriparian areas.. Southwestern Naturalist, 59(1), 103-109.
• Fehmi, J. S., & Kong, T. M. (2012). Effects of soil type, rainfall, straw mulch, and fertilizer on semi-arid vegetation establishment, growth and diversity. Ecological Engineering, 44, 70-77.
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  Abstract: Revegetation in arid and semi-arid environments often involves strategies to augment soil properties to promote plant establishment and growth while ameliorating the effects of variable rainfall. A southern Arizona USA greenhouse experiment evaluated the impact of rainfall, common amendments, and three soil types on grassland revegetation. Based on rainfall data from a nearby semi-arid site, three irrigation levels were used to simulate the rainfall of a dry (275. mm), average (320. mm), and wet (555. mm) year. The three amendments were bare soil, straw (4.5. Mg/ha with a tackifier), and straw plus slow-release fertilizer (7-2-3 NPK, 3.4. Mg/ha). Three field-collected soil types were used: a very gravely sand, a very gravelly loamy sand, and a gravelly sandy loam. Four seed mixes were used as a blocking factor. There was a significant interaction between amendment and soil type, soil type and rainfall scenario, as well as amendment and rainfall scenario. Straw alone or with fertilizer increased aboveground biomass (72-177% increase) on the gravelly sandy loam, and very gravelly loamy sand soils but decreased biomass on the very gravely sand (13% and 54%). Straw with fertilizer did not change species richness and diversity significantly, but it resulted in a greater than 50% decline in establishment for all soil types. Straw alone significantly increased the aboveground biomass only in low (205%) and average rainfall scenarios (40%), but not when rainfall was high (11%). The specific site conditions ultimately determine which practices will result in successful revegetation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
• Fehmi, J., & Kong, T. (2012). Effects of soil type, rainfall, straw mulch, and fertilizer on semi-arid vegetation establishment, growth and diversity. Ecological Engineering, 44, 70-77.
• Woods, S. R., Fehmi, J. S., & Backer, D. M. (2012). An assessment of revegetation treatments following removal of invasive Pennisetum ciliare (buffelgrass). Journal of Arid Environments, 87, 168-175.
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  Abstract: In semi-arid regions of North America and Australia, Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link (syn. Cenchrus ciliaris; buffelgrass) is highly invasive and has the potential to introduce fire to fire-intolerant ecosystems. Major efforts to remove P. ciliare continue and it is essential that P. ciliare be prevented from recolonizing. This study investigated potential methods to revegetate with native herbaceous plants: sowing seeds; sowing seeds and mulching; sowing seeds and transplanting seedlings; and relying on natural revegetation from the seedbank. The treatments were applied in 2009 and 2010 at sites in the Sonoran Desert which had undergone P. ciliare removal. Monsoon precipitation was below average each year and seedling emergence and establishment rates were low. There are indications that soil disturbance associated with planting seedlings promoted P. ciliare emergence and increased mortality of brittlebush (Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex Torr.), a common native perennial forb. Addition of mulch may have promoted P. ciliare over native grasses, and seeding had no effect. We did not find competition between herbaceous seedlings. Rather, native and exotic grass seedling densities were positively correlated across sites. Under prevailing conditions, low precipitation appeared to limit herbaceous plant establishment and none of the treatments reduced P. ciliare abundance. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
• Woods, S., Fehmi, J., & Backer, D. (2012). An assessment of revegetation treatments following removal of invasive Pennisetum ciliare (buffelgrass). Journal of Arid Environments, 87, 168-175.
• Stevens, J. M., & Fehmi, J. S. (2011). Early establishment of a native grass reduces the competitive effect of a non-native grass. Restoration Ecology, 19(3), 399-406.
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  Abstract: Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link), a C4 perennial bunchgrass native to Africa and parts of Asia, has invaded broadly across the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Buffelgrass establishment may occur earlier than the natives it displaces which may preempt resource acquisition by native species and contribute to its invasion success. In a greenhouse, buffelgrass aboveground growth was tested against Arizona cottontop (Digitaria californica (Benth.) Henr.), a native C4 perennial bunchgrass, in pairwise combinations in a randomized complete block factorial design with 10 replications, three neighbor identities (self, other, and no neighbor), and three competition treatments (21-day younger neighbor, 21-day older neighbor, and same-aged neighbor). When compared with control plants, there was no significant effect on aboveground biomass for older Arizona cottontop plants competing with younger buffelgrass plants (p > 0.05). However, when Arizona cottontop plants were of the same age or younger than buffelgrass plants, buffelgrass caused 95 and 88% reductions, respectively, in aboveground biomass (p < 0.05 in both cases). Intraspecific competition between same-aged Arizona cottontop plants resulted in only 55% decline in aboveground biomass production (p < 0.05), thus interspecific competition with buffelgrass was more intense than intraspecific competition for Arizona cottontop when plants had similar emergence times. These results suggest that establishing native plants immediately following a disturbance event could be a practical technique for restoring or retaining diversity on sites with high potential for invasion by buffelgrass. © 2009 Society for Ecological Restoration International.
• Stevens, J., & Fehmi, J. (2011). Early establishment of a native grass reduces the competitive effect of a non-native grass. Restoration Ecology, 19, 399-406.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2010). Confusion among three common plant cover definitions may result in data unsuited for comparison. Journal of Vegetation Science, 21(2), 273-279.
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  Abstract: Question: Does measurement of plant cover have consistent and comparable definitions in its applications for vegetation response in monitoring and research? Methods: A survey of the sources of definitions of cover was completed to determine common definitions and evaluate the comparability of the resulting cover methods between 1950 and 2007. Results: Methods for estimating and defining cover have varied, and relatively few citations often form the core of widely used sampling methods. Three common definitions were derived: Aerial cover - the proportion of each species at the uppermost surface of the vegetation (e.g., the aerial view), Species cover - the cover of the upper layer of each plant species independent of overhanging cover of other species, and Leaf cover - all the layers of each species from the uppermost surface to the surface of the soil (related to leaf area index). Aerial cover is the least time consuming and most easily linked to imagery, but emphasizes the dominant plants. Species cover better expresses the response of individual species but can be substantially more time consuming than aerial cover. Leaf cover correlates well to plant volume, biomass, and physiology, but can be prohibitively time consuming to collect. Conclusions: For common monitoring goals, such as species immigration (invasion) and emigration (loss of desired species), species cover can be a better choice. Publications often do not distinguish the type of cover being reported and this can lead to difficulty because the three cover methods do not result in directly comparable data, except in some unusual situations. © 2009 International Association for Vegetation Science.
• Fehmi, J. S., & Stevens, J. M. (2009). A plate meter inadequately estimated herbage mass in a semi-arid grassland. Grass and Forage Science, 64(3), 322-327.
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  Abstract: A resting plate meter was tested in the laboratory and on a field site to determine its effectiveness for estimating peak herbage mass on semi-arid grasslands. In laboratory tests, data from the plate meter closely predicted the herbage mass of four perennial bunch grasses (thirteen of sixteen tests with r2 ≥ 0·90) but the closeness of the prediction varied with the pressure of the plate. Field tests took place on a southern Arizona, USA semi-arid grassland in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Twenty teams of two or three people sampled the site; five teams in each year measured eight to thirteen plate heights and clipped the vegetation beneath. Consistent with a need for yearly calibration, a significantly different (P < 0·05) linear relationship was detected between 3 of the 4 years which was associated with differences in average herbage mass of dry matter (DM) (1525 kg ha-1 for 2005, 2093 kg ha-1 for 2006, 1338 kg ha-1 for 2007 and 1370 kg ha-1 for 2008). Plate height poorly predicted herbage mass within years (r2 = 0·21, 0·51, 0·49 and 0·41 respectively) with plate heights explaining half or less of the variability in field herbage mass and having a mean prediction error of 466 kg DM ha-1. The plate meter technique had limited potential for estimating peak herbage mass in semi-arid grasslands. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
• Stevens, J. M., & Fehmi, J. S. (2009). Competitive effect of two nonnative grasses on a native grass in southern Arizona. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 2(4), 379-385.
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  Abstract: Invasive buffelgrass, potentially invasive natalgrass, and the native grass Arizona cottontop were evaluated for their competitive response to one another in southern Arizona. Targets and neighbors were transplanted in a full-factorial randomized complete-block design consisting of nine pairwise combinations and each species alone (n 5 120). Plant pairs were separated by 5 cm and allowed to grow during the 2007 monsoon season (101 d). Aboveground biomass, reproduction, and Arizona cottontop water-potential data were collected. Buffelgrass neighbors reduced aboveground biomass production and reproductive output significantly more than did intraspecific neighbors (P < 0.05), whereas natalgrass neighbors did not significantly affect Arizona cottontop biomass production or reproductive output (P > 0.05). Cottontop and buffelgrass had no significant effect on natalgrass biomass. Similarly, cottontop and natalgrass neighbors had no neighbor effect on the biomass of buffelgrass. Arizona cottontop plants that neighbored buffelgrass averaged a significantly lower water-potential value of -3.18 MPa (P < 0.05), compared with -1.17, -0.93, and -1.32 MPa for control plants (i.e., those with no neighbor), intraspecific neighbors, and natalgrass neighbors, respectively. Although buffelgrass competitive ability is consistent with its invasiveness when grown with native Arizona cottontop, natalgrass was an intermediate competitor. This suggests that natalgrass is less of a competitive threat to native perennial grasses than buffelgrass, but that it may be more tolerant to resource depletion (i.e., the presence of buffelgrass) relative to Arizona cottontop.
• Fehmi, J. S., Hammond, M., & Bartolome, J. W. (2008). Research Note: Alignment of elongated Nassella pulchra plants with hill-slope contours. Arid Land Research and Management, 22(3), 212-215.
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  Abstract: On 10 sloped grassland sites, 175 Nassella pulchra plants were randomly selected and their basal geometry measured. Plants were not circular (p < 0.001) with an average elongation of 30.3% + 20.7 and 89% of the plants had greater than 10% elongation. Sixty-six percent of the plants had the elongation oriented along the contours. Elongation was correlated with slope steepness (p = 0.003, r2 = 0.06), but unrelated to the angle the long axis was deflected from the slope fall line (p = 0.21, r2 = 0.02). This elongation and orientation potentially reduced overland flow compared to circular plants. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
• Leis, S. A., Leslie Jr., D. M., Engle, D. M., & Fehmi, J. S. (2008). Small mammals as indicators of short-term and long-term disturbance in mixed prairie. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 137(1-3), 75-84.
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  PMID: 17458511;Abstract: Disturbance by military maneuvers over short and long time scales may have differential effects on grassland communities. We assessed small mammals as indicators of disturbance by military maneuvers in a mixed prairie in southern Oklahoma USA. We examined sites on two soil series, Foard and Lawton, across a gradient of disturbance intensity. A MANOVA showed that abundance of small mammals was associated (p = 0.03) with short-term (cover of vehicle tracks) disturbance but was not associated (p = 0.12) with long-term (loss of soil organic carbon, SOC) disturbance intensity. At the individual species level, Sigmodon hispidus (cotton rat) and Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) occurred across all levels of disturbance and in both soil types. Only P. maniculatus abundance changed (p < 0.01) with short-term disturbance and increased by about one individual per 5% of additional track-cover. Abundance of P. maniculatus also increased (p = 0.04) by about three individuals per 1% increase in soil carbon. Chaetodipus hispidus (hispid pocket mouse) and Reithrodontomys fulvescens (fulvous harvest mouse) only occurred in single soil types limiting their potential as more general indicators. Abundance of P. maniculatus was positively related to shifts in plant species composition and likely reflected changes in vegetation structure (i.e. litter depth) and forage availability resulting from disturbance. Peromyscus maniculatus may be a useful biological indicator of ecosystem change because it responded predictably to both long-term and short-term disturbance and, when coupled with soil, plant, and disturbance history variables, can reveal land condition trends. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.
• Lombardo, K., Fehmi, J. S., Rice, K. J., & Laca, E. A. (2007). Nassella pulchra survival and water relations depend more on site productivity than on small-scale disturbance. Restoration Ecology, 15(2), 177-178.
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  Abstract: We found no significant effect (p > 0.38) of clipping surrounding non-native annuals on the performance or survival of plantings of the native Nassella pulchra. However, the preplanting productivity of the three sites had a significant effect (p < 0.001) on the demography and water relations of Nassella. Survival was 85% on the lowest productivity site and it decreased by 6% for each additional 100 kg in average aboveground productivity between 2,400 and 3,600 kg/ha. Plants experienced greater water stress in higher productivity sites. Together, these results suggest that the original habitat of N. pulchra may have been in more marginal ecological sites rather than the more fertile soils of the Central Valley. © 2007 Society for Ecological Restoration International.
• Guretzky, J. A., Anderson, A. B., & Fehmi, J. S. (2006). Grazing and military vehicle effects on grassland soils and vegetation. Great Plains Research, 16(1), 51-61.
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  Abstract: Vehicle training, a common disturbance of military lands, is part of a suite of land uses that also includes cattle grazing. Yet, no studies have examined their interaction. Our objective was to review the effects of vehicle training and grazing on grassland soils and vegetation and develop a state-and-transition model that incorporates grazing and training for Fort Hood, TX. Both grazing and training can cause soil compaction and vegetation disturbance, altering hydrology and increasing erosion. While the effects of grazing largely depend on stocking rate, vehicle training causes greater disturbance when wet soils are driven on, when vehicles are turned sharply, and as the number of vehicle passes increases. Grazing and training are expected to maintain grasslands in secondary succession, though eroded sites dominated by annuals also could develop under frequent training. The state-and-transition model may guide decision making for military land managers faced with training and grazing effects. © Copyright by the Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
• Guretzky, J. A., Fehmi, J. S., & Anderson, A. B. (2006). GRAZING AND MILITARY VEHICLE EFFECTS ON GRASSLAND SOILS AND VEGETATION. Great Plains Research, 16(1), 51-61.
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  Vehicle training, a common disturbance of military lands, is part of a suite of land uses that also includes cattle grazing. Yet, no studies have examined their interaction. Our objective was to review the effects of vehicle training and grazing on grassland soils and vegetation and develop a state-and-transition model that incorporates grazing and training for Fort Hood, TX. Both grazing and training can cause soil compaction and vegetation disturbance, altering hydrology and increasing erosion. While the effects of grazing largely depend on stocking rate, vehicle training causes greater disturbance when wet soils are driven on, when vehicles are turned sharply, and as the number of vehicle passes increases. Grazing and training are expected to maintain grasslands in secondary succession, though eroded sites domi nated by annuals also could develop under frequent training. The state-and-transition model may guide decision making for military land managers faced with training and grazing effects.
• Anderson, A. B., Palazzo, A. J., Ayers, P. D., Fehmi, J. S., Shoop, S., & Sullivan, P. (2005). Assessing the impacts of military vehicle traffic on natural areas. Introduction to the special issue and review of the relevant military vehicle impact literature. Journal of Terramechanics, 42(3-4), 143-158.
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  Abstract: The American Society of Agronomy A-2 Division, Military Land Use and Management, and the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems cosponsored a symposium titled "Assessing the Impacts of Military Vehicle Traffic on Natural Areas". The symposium was held in Denver, CO on 4 November 2003. The objectives of this symposium were to characterize the types of environmental impacts associated with off-road vehicle use at varying spatial scales, to characterize common study approaches used to quantify vehicle impacts, and to identify knowledge gaps that limit the use of study results in decision-making. A series of papers originating from the symposium characterize the range of impact studies frequently conducted on military installations and the application of study results to typical land management, decision-making processes. This paper summarizes the relationships between these studies, integrates the studies into a larger impact analysis framework, and identifies knowledge gaps that limit application of study results in decision-making processes. © 2005 ISTVS. Publihsed by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Fehmi, J. S., Russo, S. E., & Bartolome, J. W. (2005). The effects of livestock on California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyii). Rangeland Ecology and Management, 58(4), 352-359.
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  Abstract: Understanding the impacts of livestock grazing on wildlands is important for making appropriate ecosystem management decisions. Using livestock exclosures, we examined the effects of moderate cattle grazing on the abundance of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyii Richardson) and the spatial distribution of active burrows within their colonies in grassland and blue oak (Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn.) savanna habitats in the coastal range of California over a 3-year period (1991-1994). Overall, relative population densities of California ground squirrels declined significantly throughout the experiment, but did not differ between grazed and ungrazed colonies or between habitats. There was also no significant interaction between these 2 factors. The spatial distribution of burrows, as measured by the mean nearest neighbor distance of active entrances within a colony, did not differ significantly between grazed and ungrazed colonies or between habitats, nor was the interaction significant. Thus, low to moderate levels of cattle grazing did not appear to have a strong effect on the population dynamics of California ground squirrels, and grazing may be compatible with maintenance of ground squirrel populations. Based on multivariate analysis of variance of 1994 data, live plant cover, native plant cover, and standing biomass were lower where the number of burrows was higher on grazed colonies but were little affected on ungrazed colonies. Ground squirrels may increase the impact of livestock grazing and thus reduce the capacity of the land to support other activities. However, it is clear that the effects of livestock grazing are complex and that detailed studies of potential mechanisms by which grazing impacts California ground squirrel populations are necessary.
• Guretzky, J. A., Fehmi, J. S., & Anderson, A. B. (2005). Cattle Grazing and Tracked Vehicle Training on Central and Southwest U.S. Army Lands: Potential Consequences for Grassland Ecosystems. Great Plains Research, 16, 51-62.
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  Abstract : Sustainability of training lands continues to be a primary concern for natural resource managers on Army installations. Tracked vehicle training, the main disturbance of grasslands, does not occur in isolation from other land uses including cattle grazing. Yet, no documented studies exist examining the interactive effects of these activities on soils and vegetation. The objective of this research was to begin filling this knowledge gap. This report reviews the literature documenting the impacts of tracked vehicle training and cattle grazing on soils and grassland plant communities and discusses potential interactive effects. Responses to tracked vehicle training generally included increased soil compaction, reduced cover and production of perennial grasses, disturbance of biological soil crusts, greater wind and water erosion, and less soil carbon storage. When overstocked. cattle grazing often results in similar effects. Concerns are greatest when heavy stocking results in loss of soil cover and replacement of perennial grassland species with annual grasses and forbs. Overall, the literature suggested that intensive cattle grazing of Army training lands might promote greater soil erosion and less desirable plant communities. The consequences of their interaction is likely to be greater in arid grasslands, where recovery mechanisms are slow and desertification is a concern.
• Leis, S. A., Engle, D. M., Leslie Jr., D. M., & Fehmi, J. S. (2005). Effects of short- and long-term disturbance resulting from military maneuvers on vegetation and soils in a mixed prairie area. Environmental Management, 36(6), 849-861.
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  PMID: 16215649;Abstract: Loss of grassland species resulting from activities such as off-road vehicle use increases the need for models that predict effects of anthropogenic disturbance. The relationship of disturbance by military training to plant species richness and composition on two soils (Foard and Lawton) in a mixed prairie area was investigated. Track cover (cover of vehicle disturbance to the soil) and soil organic carbon were selected as measures of short- and long-term disturbance, respectively. Soil and vegetation data, collected in 1-m 2 quadrats, were analyzed at three spatial scales (60, 10, and 1 m2). Plant species richness peaked at intermediate levels of soil organic carbon at the 10-m2 and 1-m2 spatial scales on both the Lawton and Foard soils, and at intermediate levels of track cover at all three spatial scales on the Foard soil. Species composition differed across the disturbance gradient on the Foard soil but not on the Lawton soil. Disturbance increased total plant species richness on the Foard soil. The authors conclude that disturbance up to intermediate levels can be used to maintain biodiversity by enriching the plant species pool. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
• Bartolome, J. W., Fehmi, J. S., Jackson, R. D., & Allen-Diaz, B. (2004). Response of a native perennial grass stand to disturbance in California's Coast Range Grassland. Restoration Ecology, 12(2), 279-289.
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  Abstract: To assess the potential for enhancing an existing stand of native perennial grasses on a California Coast Range Grassland site, we experimentally manipulated the seasonal timing and presence of grazing for 3 years (1994 through 1996) and of autumn burning for 2 years (1994 and 1995) and measured species cover for 6 years (1993 through 1998). We subjected the species matrix to classification (TWINSPAN) and ordination (CCA) and tested the ordination site scores as well as diversity indices with linear mixed effects models. Four distinct plant community groups emerged from the classification. Two of these were dominated by annual grasses and two by perennial grasses. No treatment effects were observed on diversity. For composition, temporal and spatial random effects were important mixed effects model parameters, as was the fixed effect covariate, pre-treatment CCA site score, indicating the importance of random environmental variation and initial starting conditions. Incorporation of these random effects and initial condition terms made for more powerful tests of the fixed effects, grazing season, and burning. We found no significant burning effects. Grazing removal imparted a shift in plant community from more annual-dominated toward more perennial-dominated vegetation. Individual perennial grass species responded differently according to genus and species. Nassella spp. increased gradually over time regardless of grazing treatment. Nassella pulchra (purple needlegrass) increase was greatest under spring grazing and N. lepida (foothill needlegrass) was greatest with grazing removal. Danthonia californica (California oatgrass) had little response over time under seasonal grazing treatments, but increased with grazing removal. Under relatively mesic weather conditions it appears that grazing removal from Coast Range Grasslands with existing native perennial grass populations can increase their cover. However if N. pulchra is the sole existing population, spring season-restricted grazing should be equally effective at enhancing cover of the native grass species. © 2004 Society for Ecological Restoration International.
• Fehmi, J. S., Rice, K. J., & Laca, E. A. (2004). Radial dispersion of neighbors and the small-scale competitive impact of two annual grasses on a native perennial grass. Restoration Ecology, 12(1), 63-69.
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  Abstract: In California's Mediterranean type grasslands, native perennial grasses such as Nassella pulchra are surrounded by introduced annual species and these annuals are thought to have displaced natives through much of their range. Amongst other invaders, two grasses Lolium multiflorum and Bromus hordeaceus, commonly dominate portions of the grassland with potential for N. pulchra restoration. We hypothesized that competitor species differences and smallscale gaps (150 cm2) could be important determinants of N. pulchra survival and performance on these sites. Lolium multiflorum and B. hordeaceus were planted in 20cm diameter circular plots at a constant rate of 1 seed per cm2 surrounding newly transplanted N. pulchra plants. Nassella pulchra showed no significant effect of the species of competitor or from the distribution of the competitors. Both interspersion of patches of bare ground and separation of competitors into patches did not increase N. pulchra predawn water potential, basal area change, number of seeds produced, or average weight of seeds. The presence of L. multiflorum was associated with a decrease in N. pulchra survival compared with plots with only B. hordeaceus. Plants with increases in basal area of less than 0.75cm2 during the growing season had 74% mortality compared with no mortality in plants with more growth. However, initial N. pulchra plant size was not a good predictor of mortality. Limiting competition from annuals may increase survival of N. pulchra plantings, but 60% of the plants survived for at least 1 year, despite being transplanted into soil containing substantial annual grass seed. © 2004 Society for Ecological Restoratin International.
• Renne, I. J., Rios, B. G., Fehmi, J. S., & Tracy, B. F. (2004). Low allelopathic potential of an invasive forage grass on native grassland plants: A cause for encouragement?. Basic and Applied Ecology, 5(3), 261-269.
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  Abstract: Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), a highly competitive European grass that invades US grasslands, is reportedly allelopathic to many agronomic plants, but its ability to inhibit the germination or growth of native grassland plants is unknown. In three factorial glasshouse experiments, we tested the potential allelopathic effects of endophyte-infected (E+) and uninfected (E-) tall fescue on native grasses and forbs from Midwestern tallgrass prairies. Relative to a water control, at least one extract made from ground seed, or ground whole plant tissue of E+ or E- tall fescue reduced the germination of 10 of 11 species in petri dishes. In addition, the emergence of two native grasses in potting soil was lower when sown with E+ and E- tall fescue seedlings than when sown with seeds of conspecifics or tall fescue. However, when seeds of 13 prairie species were sown in sterilized, field-collected soil and given water or one of the four tall fescue extracts daily, seedling emergence was lower in one extract relative to water for only one species, and subsequent height growth did not differ among treatments for any species. We conclude that if tall fescue is allelopathic, its inhibitory effects on the germination and seedling growth of native prairie plants are limited, irrespective of endophyte infection. On the other hand, the apparent inability of these plants to detect tall fescue in field soil could hinder prairie restoration efforts if germination near this strong competitor confers fitness consequences. We propose that lack of chemical recognition may be common among resident and recently introduced non-indigenous plants because of temporally limited ecological interactions, and offer a view that challenges the existing allelopathy paradigm. Lastly, we suggest that tall fescue removal will have immediate benefits to the establishment of native grassland plants. © 2004 Published by Elsevier GmbH.
• Fehmi, J. S., Karn, J. F., Ries, R. E., Hendrickson, J. R., & Hanson, J. D. (2003). Erratum: "Cattle grazing behavior with season-long free-choice access to four forage types" (Applied Animal Behaviour Science (2002) 78 (29-42) S0168-1591(02)00191-0). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 80(2), 171-172.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2002). The Context of Grassland Defoliation. Conservation Ecology, 6(1). doi:10.5751/es-00362-0601r07
• Fehmi, J. S., & Bartolome, J. W. (2002). SPECIES RICHNESS AND CALIFORNIA VOLES IN AN ANNUAL AND A PERENNIAL GRASSLAND. Western North American Naturalist, 62(1).
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  Populations of a common burrowing rodent, Microtus californicus (the California vole), thrive in ungrazed or lightly grazed grasslands in coastal California. Two sites ungrazed by livestock, one dominated by native perennial grasses and another dominated by invasive annuals, were evaluated over 2 consecutive years for the relation- ship between plant species richness and location of M. californicus burrow entrances (burrows). Plant species and bur- rows were sampled as present or absent in contiguous 1-m2 quadrats on a 100-m2 grid. Quadrats with burrows averaged significantly more plant species than quadrats without them (11.3 vs. 9.9 species, P < 0.001). Burrows found in 1996 were not correlated with species richness in 1995, suggesting that voles affect richness rather than seek it out. Vole bur- row locations showed significant clumping on the annual site and trended toward clumping on the perennial site in both 1995 and 1996. Because voles seem to create a clumped pattern with their burrow entrances, the associated increase in plant species richness may have a strong effect on the overall structure of the plant community. A quantitative compari- son of the 2 sites showed that the plant matrix of the perennial site contained flora of the annual site. This similarity in plant species composition may allow for similar treatment of our 2 types of sites and potentially other California grass- lands. Undetected increases in vole populations with livestock grazing reduction may account for the erratic results from grasslands management research and the inconsistent success of derived management practices.
• Fehmi, J. S., & Bartolome, J. W. (2002). Species richness and California voles in an annual and a perennial grassland. Western North American Naturalist, 62(1), 73-81.
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  Abstract: Populations of a common burrowing rodent, Microtus californicus (the California vole), thrive in ungrazed or lightly grazed grasslands in coastal California. Two sites ungrazed by livestock, one dominated by native perennial grasses and another dominated by invasive annuals, were evaluated over 2 consecutive years for the relationship between plant species richness and location of M. californicus burrow entrances (burrows). Plant species and burrows were sampled as present or absent in contiguous 1-m2 quadrats on a 100-m2 grid. Quadrats with burrows averaged significantly more plant species than quadrats without them (11.3 vs. 9.9 species, P < 0.001). Burrows found in 1996 were not correlated with species richness in 1995, suggesting that voles affect richness rather than seek it out. Vole burrow locations showed significant clumping on the annual site and trended toward clumping on the perennial site in both 1995 and 1996. Because voles seem to create a clumped pattern with their burrow entrances, the associated increase in plant species richness may have a strong effect on the overall structure of the plant community. A quantitative comparison of the 2 sites showed that the plant matrix of the perennial site contained flora of the annual site. This similarity in plant species composition may allow for similar treatment of our 2 types of sites and potentially other California grasslands. Undetected increases in vole populations with livestock grazing reduction may account for the erratic results from grasslands management research and the inconsistent success of derived management practices.
• Fehmi, J. S., Karn, J. F., Ries, R. E., Hendrickson, J. R., & Hanson, J. D. (2002). Cattle grazing behavior with season-long free-choice access to four forage types. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 78(1), 29-42.
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  Abstract: This experiment investigated how season-long, free-choice grazing affected weekly cattle grazing behavior and resource use. Our objectives were to determine if known forage preferences change through the season, if feedbacks from previous grazing intensity affect current use, and if resources such as water and salt in combination with a shorter forage base increase grazing time compared to previously rested pasture. Two replicate 24.4-ha grazing enclosures contained four forage types: smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum), western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) and native range. Each forage type was divided into three sub-areas containing either: a water source, a salt block, or forage deferred from use before the experiment (rested). Resource use was tracked with analysis of aerial photos of the pastures before and after the 3-year study and with weekly direct observation of animal use of each area of the pastures. As each season progressed, use of smooth bromegrass declined and use of crested wheatgrass and western wheatgrass increased. Use of native range remained relatively constant and low throughout the study. The previously rested sub-areas of the replicate pastures had significantly and substantially more grazing than those with salt or water. Significant auto-correlation in the data was well described by an auto-regressive parameter comprised of the sum of the previous 2 weeks grazing time, which showed gradual shifts in forage preference from 1 week to the next. Aerial photo analysis supported the findings of the behavioral data; preference between forage types changed over time, and grazing use within pastures was uneven and negatively correlated with salt and water sites. Cattle can rotate themselves among various pasture types if given free-choice; and season-long grazing may be an effective system if a variety of forage types are available. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
• Fehmi, J. S., & Bartolome, J. W. (2001). A grid-based method for sampling and analysing spatially ambiguous plants. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12(4), 467-472.
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  Abstract: Spatial data can provide much information about the interrelations of plants and the relationship between individuals and the environment. Spatially ambiguous plants, i.e. plants without readily identifiable loci, and plants that are profusely abundant, present non-trivial impediments to the collection and analysis of vegetation data derived from standard spatial sampling techniques. Sampling with grids of presence/absence quadrats can ameliorate much of this difficulty. Our analysis of 10 fully-mapped grassland plots demonstrates the applicability of the grid-based approach which revealed spatial dependence at a much lower sampling effort than mapping each plant. Ripley's K-function, a test commonly used for point patterns, was effective for pattern analysis on the grids and the gridded quadrat technique was an effective tool for quantifying spatial patterns. The addition of spatial pattern measures should allow for better comparisons of vegetation structure between sites, instead of sole reliance on species composition data.
• Fehmi, J. S., & Laca, E. A. (2001). A note on using a laser-based technique for recording of behaviour and location of free-ranging animals. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 71(4), 335-339.
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  Abstract: We developed a precise, remote (up to 300 m) observation system to record animal location and behaviour that requires no animal handling or disruption of the normal environment. Our system, combining a survey laser and a laptop, also allows recording of observed animal behaviour from seconds to hours, with accuracy of 1 m or better. Up to one individual per second can be located, which supports data collection of large numbers of animals not possible with other methods. The laser system was used to track a halter-broken heifer led in an arc beginning and ending about 50 m from the laser with a maximum distance of about 150 m. We recorded the location of the heifer at 35 points along the arc using the laser, a global positioning system (GPS), and a nylon tape. There was an average linear difference of 1.16 m (S.D. 0.63) between the laser data and the GPS data. The laser was potentially more accurate than GPS for this application because the laser averaged only 0.21 m (S.D. 0.24) linear difference from the tape. Tests of the laser to relocate points in the field to within 0.20 m and 0.1°, averaged 0.42 m (S.D. 0.29) from the original points. Our technique allows precise location of behaviour and navigation to grazed sites, potentially revealing how animals interact with the resources they exploit and showing the effect of landscape spatial heterogeneity on foraging and habitat use patterns.
• Fehmi, J. S., Laca, E. A., & Rice, K. J. (2001). The effect of small gaps in California annual grassland on above-ground biomass production. Grass and Forage Science, 56(4), 323-329.
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  Abstract: Small gaps and clumped species distributions are common in grasslands. In California annual grasslands, patches of Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Bromus hordeaceus L. are often separated by gaps. These gaps potentially limit the productivity and associated resource use of these grasslands. The effect that differences in spatial aggregation, gap distribution and species mixing on 20-cm-diameter plots has on overall forage production by these two grasses was tested. There were three levels of aggregation: whole plots planted; half planted/half empty; two opposing quarters planted/two empty. Each species was planted in each distribution, and they were combined as mixed, half L. multiflorum/half B. hordeaceus and two quarters L. multiflorum/two quarters B. hordeaceus (nine treatments). Plant aggregation had no significant effect on above-ground production of whole plots, but individual tillers near gaps were significantly larger than others. Plasticity in the growth of individual annual grasses effectively buffered against variation in average productivity resulting from variations in plant distribution. There were significant (P < 0.001) differences in forage production as a result of the species the plots contained. Plots containing only L. multiflorum produced 4053 kg of dry matter (DM) ha-1, B. hordeaceus plots produced 2448 kg of DM ha-1, and plots containing both species produced 4712 kg of DM ha-1. At small scales, spatial distribution was less important than species composition in determining annual grassland productivity.
• Hatch, D. A., Bartolome, J. W., Fehmi, J. S., & Hillyard, D. S. (1999). Effects of burning and grazing on a coastal California grassland. Restoration Ecology, 7(4), 376-381.
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  Abstract: We tested the effects of fall burning and protection from livestock grazing as management to enhance native grasses on a coastal grassland in central California. Plants from the Mediterranean, introduced beginning in the late 1700s, have invaded and now dominate most of California's grasslands. Coastal grasslands are generally less degraded than those inland and have higher potential for restoration and conservation. Productivity of the experimental plots varied annually and declined over the course of the study because of rainfall patterns. Foliar cover of the native Danthonia californica (California oatgrass) increased more under grazing than grazing exclusion and did not respond to burning. Two other natives, Nassella pulchra (purple needlegrass) and Nassella lepida (foothill needlegrass), responded variably to treatments. The response of N. pulchra differed from that reported on more inland sites in California. Restoring these grasslands is complicated by differing responses of target species to protection from grazing and burning. The current practice of managing to enhance single species of native plants (e.g., N. pulchra) may be detrimental to other equally important native species.
• Allen-Diaz, B., Jackson, R. D., & Fehmi, J. S. (1998). Detecting channel morphology change in California's hardwood rangeland spring ecosystems. Journal of Range Management, 51(5), 514-518.
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  Abstract: Permanent channel cross-sectional transects perpendicular to flow were used to estimate changes in spring and resultant creek channel morphology. Three cattle grazing treatments (none, light, and moderate) were applied to 2-5 ha pastures containing a perennial spring and resultant creek cohort for 5 years. Grazing effects on the total change in channel morphology were not detected, nor did our method detect channel morphology change over the 5 year study period. Ungrazed springs and creeks were observed to change more than grazed springs and creeks although these differences were not statistically significant. Observed, but not significant, change over time appears related to rainfall patterns. Permanent channel cross-sections, one of the currently recommended methods for monitoring livestock grazing impacts on stream channels, may not be adequate for detecting channel changes in low-flow spring/creek systems.

Proceedings Publications

• Ricci, M. E., Dain-owens, A. P., Anderson, A. B., Jones, R. A., Jones, R. A., Howard, H. R., Effinger, A. M., & Fehmi, J. S. (2012). Index of Available Research on Military Impacts: Optimal Allocation of Land for Training and Non-training Uses. In Construction Engineering Research Laboratory bulletin.
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  Abstract : The US Department of Defense (DOD) is the nation?s fifth-largest Federal land management agency. The DOD employs several pro-grams to assess the impacts of military training on Army installation lands. These programs must in turn meet the Army?s environmen-tal technology requirements. One Army User Requirement for Land Characterization calls for the development of methods applicable for use at the installation level that characterize suitability of lands for mission use, the impact of vehicle activity on installation re-sources, and the spatial distribution of maneuver training impacts. To support this effort, this work collected, summarized, and ana-lyzed existing military training impact studies (including the topical and geographic foci of each publication). To extrapolate the ap-plicability of conducted research to other, similar geographical areas, the publications were categorized by their relevance to five biomes, which are associated with military installations in specific US states. This way, the resulting research compilation offers a base to evaluate future impacts of military activities on installation lands, and to recommend the implementation of a more cost-effective, regional strategic approach for future land conservation research.
• Krupinsky, J. M., Tanaka, D. L., Fehmi, J. S., Merrill, S. D., Hendrickson, J. R., Ries, R. E., Liebig, M. A., Wright, S., Hanson, J. D., Bergman, J. W., Mundel, H. H., Wright, S. H., Wright, S. A., & Mundel, H. H. (2001). A computer program to assist safflower producers.. In Agronomy Society.

Presentations

• Fehmi, J. S. (2020, January). Lehmann lovegrass ecology and control.. Malpai Borderlands Group Science Conference. Rodeo, NM: Malpai Borderlands Group.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2018, Nov). Resilience islands in invaded landscapes. Binational Restoration Workshop. Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch: National Park Service.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2017, March). Vegetation, Pima Pineapple Cactus, and geomorphological changes following pipeline construction. Sierrita Gas Pipeline Annual Monitoring Meeting. Tucson, AZ.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2017, Spring). Active versus Passive Revegetation: Plant Community Response to Seeding, Mulch, and Soil Amendments in Arizona. Society for Range Management 70th Annual Meeting, Technical Training & Trade Show. St. George UT: Society for Range Management.
• Fehmi, J. S., Gornish, E., & Farrell, H. (2017, October). Seeding vs. natural recruitment: comparing semi arid vegetation communities post reclamation. Society for Ecological Restoration Southwest Section annual meeting.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2016, March). Reclamation, revegetation, cattle grazing, and erosion: tangled motivations and outcomes for southern Arizona. SWES Colloquium Series. Tucson, AZ.
• Rasmussen, C. (2016, Winter). B22B-05 Beyond clay - using selective extractions to improve predictions of soil carbon content. 2016 American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting. San Francisco CA.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2013, Oct). Reclamation research using native plants. AZ Mine Inspectors 5th Annual Safety Conference. Phoenix: AZ Mine Inspecotor's Office.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2013, Oct). Revegetation research results from southern Arizona.. 10th Annual RISE symposium.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2012, January). Mine reclamation research. 2012 Arizona section winter meetingSociety for Range Management.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2012, March). Monitoring using randomly located macroplots versus key areas. Arizona cooperative extension rangeland monitoring working group. Tucson, AZ.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2012, March). Restoring a native saguaro community following removal of buffelgrass. Tucson, AZ.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2012, October). Rosemont Revegetation Project. Center for environmentally sustainable mining, technical advisory committee. Tucson, AZ.
• Fehmi, J. S. (2011, April). Plants, place, people, and publicity: a story about mineland reclamation.
• Pfander, J. L., & Fehmi, J. S. (2008, April). Gateway to Student Success: Convertible Notebook Laptops in the Natural Resources Classroom and the Field!. 11th Biennial USAIN Conference, Wooster, OH, April 29, 2008.

Poster Presentations

• Launderville, E., Dontsova, K. M., Cruz Campos, A. E., Rasmussen, C., & Fehmi, J. S. (2022, December 2022). Enhanced Weathering for Carbon Sequestration by Alfalfa in Basalt Corrected Arid Agricultural Soil. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. Chicago, IL: American Geophysical Union.
• Bradley, R., Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C., & Arnold, A. E. (2020, July). Are symbionts of invasive grasses a key to their ecological dominance in grasslands of southern Arizona?. Mycological Society of America Annual Meeting. online: Mycological Society of America.
• Githu, D. W., Fehmi, J. S., Mcclaran, M. P., & Josephson, A. L. (2020, February). Range reseeding and pastoralists resilience to climate variability.. Society for Range Management Annual Meeting. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management.
• Espinosa, N., Moore, D. J., Rasmussen, C., Fehmi, J. S., & Gallery, R. E. (2019, Fall). Buried woodchips or biochar as a means of soil restoration: Effects on microbial activities, soil carbon cycling and plant cover in a semiarid ecosystem. AGU annual meeting. San Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union.
• Abercrombie, S. T., Fehmi, J. S., Koprowski, J. L., & Nichols, M. (2018, spring). Small mammalian herbivores inhibit grass establishment in an arid shrubland. Society for Range Management 71st annual meeting. Sparks, NV: Society for Range Management.
• Abercrombie, S. T., Fehmi, J. S., Koprowski, J. L., & Nichols, M. H. (2017, June). Small Mammalian Herbivores Decrease Herbaceous Cover in Shrub Invaded Grasslands.. American Society of Mammologists (97th Annual Meeting).. Moscow, ID..
• Abercrombie, S. T., Fehmi, J. S., Koprowski, J. L., & Nichols, M. H. (2017, October). Native Lagomorphs Inhibit Grass Establishment in a Semi-Arid Shrubland. Research Insights in Semiarid Ecosystems Symposium (14th Annual Meeting). Tucson, AZ.
• Berthelette, G., & Fehmi, J. S. (2017, Spring). Variables That Influence Survivorship for the Endangered Pima Pineapple Cactus (Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina) After Transplant. Society for Range Management 70th Annual Meeting, Technical Training & Trade Show. St. George UT: Society for Range Management.
• Gallery, R. E., Rasmussen, C., Fehmi, J. S., & Espinosa, N. (2017, Dev). Microbial Community Activity And Plant Biomass Are Insensitive To Passive Warming In A Semiarid Ecosystem. American Geophysical Union (AGU). New Orleans, LA: AGU.
• Miller, H., Fehmi, J. S., Guertin, D. P., & Nichols, M. (2017, Spring). Geomorphological Change Analysis Of Ephemeral Rangeland Streams In The Altar Valley, Arizona: 2011-2016. Society for Range Management 70th Annual Meeting, Technical Training & Trade Show. St. George UT: Society for Range Management.
• Berthelette, G., & Fehmi, J. S. (2016, Spring). Transplantation success for the endangered Pima Pineapple Cactus (Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina) using variable methods in the Altar Valley, Pima County, Arizona.. Tri-National Sonoran Desert Symposium. Ajo, AZ.
• Berthelette, G., & Fehmi, J. S. (2016, Spring). Transplantation success for the endangered Pima Pineapple Cactus (Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina) using variable methods. 69th Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management. Corpus Christi, TX.
• Berthelette, G., & Fehmi, J. S. (2016, Spring). Utilizing Variable Transplant Methods on the Endangered Pima Pineapple Cactus (Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina).. GPSC Student Showcase. Tucson.
• Espinosa, N., Moore, D. J., Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C., & Gallery, R. E. (2016, Winter). Effect of coarse woody debris on microbial activity in a semiarid ecosystem. 2016 American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting. San Francisco CA.
• Farrell, H., & Fehmi, J. S. (2016, Spring). Impact of grazing and trampling on two different reclamation treatments in Southern Arizona.. 69th Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management. Corpus Christi, TX.
• Weston, J., & Fehmi, J. S. (2016, Spring). Buffelgrass spread takes form of satellite dispersal, Presents opportunity for targeted removal. 69th Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management. Corpus Christi, TX.
• Weston, J., Fehmi, J. S., & Reed, M. (2016, Spring). Mapping Vegetation Associations on the Barry M. Goldwater Range East: A Review of Best Practices and Results.. Tri-National Sonoran Desert Symposium. Ajo, AZ.
• Espinosa, N., Moore, D. J., Rasmussen, C., Fehmi, J. S., & Gallery, R. E. (2015, Nov). Some like it hot: soil extracellular enzyme activity and respiration are unresponsive to warming treatments in two semi-arid soils. Institute of the Environment (IE) GradBlitz. Tucson, AZ.
• Gebhardt, M., Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C., & Gallery, R. E. (2015, Dec). Soil degradation and amendment effects on soil properties, microbial communities, and plant growth. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA.
• Weston, J., & Fehmi, J. S. (2015, Oct). Buffelgrass dispersal pattern: invasion front or satellite?. 12th Annual Research Insights in Semiarid Ecosystems (RISE) Symposium. Tucson, AZ.
• Black, C., Whittle, R., Malusa, J. R., Fehmi, J. S., & Reed, M. (2014, March). Vegetation Associations of Southwest Arizona. Celebrating the Sonoran Desert - A tri-national symposium. Ajo, Arizona: Tohono O'odham Nation.
• Frost, G. L., Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C., & Gallery, R. E. (2014, October). Feedbacks between plant biomass and soil microbial activity in a field-based experimental warming treatment. Research Insights in Semiarid Ecosystems RISE. Tucson, Arizona.
• Frost, G., Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C., & Gallery, R. E. (2014, November). Feedbacks Between Plant Biomass and Soil Microbial Activity in a Field-based Experimental Warming Treatment. Environmental Grad Blitz. Tucson, AZ: Institute of the Environment.
• Frost, G., Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C., & Gallery, R. E. (2014, November). Mineland revegetation: plant biomass and soil microbial activity in a field-based experimental warming treatment. CALS poster forum. Tucson, AZ.
• Gebhardt, M. M., Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C., & Gallery, R. E. (2014, November). Soil Treatment Effects on Microbial Activity and Nutrient Cycles in Semiarid Environment. Environmental Grad Blitz. Tucson, AZ: Institute of the Environment.
• Gebhardt, M., Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C. -., & Gallery, R. E. (2013, Oct). Soil biotic indicators for improving native plant establishment in disturbed southwestern grasslands.. 10th Annual RISE symposium. Tucson, AZ.
• Gebhardt, M., Fehmi, J. S., Rasmussen, C. -., & Gallery, R. E. (2013, Oct). Soil biotic indicators for improving native plant establishment in disturbed southwestern grasslands.. AGU Chapman Conference. BioSphere II, Tucson, AZ: AGU.
• Jernigan, M., Fehmi, J. S., Mcclaran, M. P., & Biedenbender, S. (2013, Aug). Use of uprooted invasive buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) parent plants as thatch to reduce progeny seedling emergence. 98th Annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America. Minneapolis, MN: Ecological Society of America.
• Shepherd, A., & Fehmi, J. S. (2013, Feb). Distribution differences of Larrea tridentata seed density in relation to Ambrosia dumosa and Ambrosia deltoidea canopy cover.. 66th Annual meeting of the Society for Range Management. Oklahoma City, OK: Society for Range Management.
• Stone, S., & Fehmi, J. S. (2013, Feb). Ecological responses to cattle grazing on a degraded southeastern Arizona mine site.. 66th Annual meeting of the Society for Range Management. Oklahoma City, OK: Society for Range Management.
• Stone, S., & Fehmi, J. S. (2013, June). Reclaming mine lands with cattle grazing on a southeastern mine site.. 30th Annual meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation. Laramie, WY: American Society of Mining and Reclamation.
• Whitbeck, D., & Fehmi, J. S. (2013, Feb). Variables influencing off-road travel in Sonoran Desert landscapes.. 66th Annual meeting of the Society for Range Management. Oklahoma City, OK: Society for Range Management.

Others

• Soto, J. R., Archer, S. R., Smith, S. E., Fehmi, J. S., Ruyle, G. B., Gornish, E., Mcclaran, M. P., Howery, L. D., Lopez Hoffman, L., Lien, A., Lien, A., Lopez Hoffman, L., Howery, L. D., Mcclaran, M. P., Gornish, E., Ruyle, G. B., Fehmi, J. S., Smith, S. E., Archer, S. R., & Soto, J. R. (2021, May). Annual Report, Ecology, Management and Restoration of Rangelands. USDA NIFA Report.
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  Hatch Project Annual Report ARZT-1361610-H12-223, 11 pp.
• Soto, J. R., Soto, J. R., Smith, S. E., Smith, S. E., Ruyle, G. B., Ruyle, G. B., Mcclaran, M. P., Mcclaran, M. P., Lopez Hoffman, L., Lopez Hoffman, L., Lien, A., Lien, A., Howery, L. D., Howery, L. D., Gornish, E., Gornish, E., Fehmi, J. S., Fehmi, J. S., Archer, S. R., & Archer, S. R. (2021, May). Annual Report, Ecology, Management and Restoration of Rangelands. USDA NIFA REEPort.
  More info

  Hatch Project Annual Report ARZT-1361610-H12-223, 11 pp.
• Soto, J. R., Soto, J. R., Smith, S. E., Smith, S. E., Ruyle, G. B., Ruyle, G. B., Mcclaran, M. P., Mcclaran, M. P., Lopez Hoffman, L., Lopez Hoffman, L., Howery, L. D., Howery, L. D., Gornish, E., Gornish, E., Fehmi, J. S., Fehmi, J. S., Archer, S. R., & Archer, S. R. (2020, May). Annual Report, Ecology, Management and Restoration of Rangelands. USDA NIFA ARZT-1361610-H12-223 REEPort.
  More info

  Hatch Project Annual Report, 14 pp.
• Ricci, M., Dain-Owens, A., Anderson, A., Jones, R., Howard, H., Effinger, A., & Fehmi, J. (2010, Fall). Index of available research on military impacts: optimal allocation of land for training and non-training uses. Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Technical Report ERDC TR-12-10.