Hans R Bradshaw

Interests

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Courses

Scholarly Contributions

Chapters

• Woolridge, D. P., & Bradshaw, H. R. (2008). Emergency Department Analgesia: Sickle cell crisis. In Emergency Department Analgesia, An Evidenced-Based Guide. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511544835.056

Journals/Publications

• Bradshaw, H., Tolson, J., Roberts, S., Rice, A. D., Patanwala, A. E., Murugesan, A., Jado, I., Gaither, J. B., Bradshaw, H., & Beskind, D. (2021). Can Emergency Medical Services Utilization Rates Be Used to Measure the Success of An Alcohol Amnesty Policy?. Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors, 25(3), 427-431. doi:10.1080/10903127.2020.1771488
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  Medical Amnesty/Good Samaritan (MAGS) policies, which eliminate legal charges when students call 9-1-1 for excessive drinking, have been implemented with the goal of reducing barriers to accessing Emergency Medical Services (EMS). This study investigated the impact of MAGS policy implementation on EMS calls on campus and if that EMS call volume could be used to measure policy success. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of alcohol-related EMS calls before and after MAGS implementation at a single large public university campus. Methods: A retrospective review of all 9-1-1 calls to on-campus locations was conducted using patient care records (PCRs) from a collegiate EMS agency responding exclusively to on-campus 9-1-1 calls. Calls were excluded if the PCR was marked "incomplete", were outside the 2015 CBEMS response zone boundaries, or if patient age was 25 years old to ensure analysis was targeting the on-campus student population. The incidence of alcohol-related 9-1-1 calls was compared between one academic year (AY) prior to (pre-MAGS, AY2015) and two years after MAGS implementation (post-MAGS, AY2016/17). An alcohol-related 9-1-1 call was defined as an EMS provider primary or secondary impression of "Alcohol, Alcohol Intoxication, or Alcohol Ingestion" or a call in which the patient explicitly admitted to alcohol use. Relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to describe the results. Results: Over the three-year study period, the collegiate EMS agency responded to 2440 calls of which 1283 met inclusion criteria. 58 calls were excluded for being incomplete, 227 were outside the original boundaries and 872 were outside the defined age range. Of those calls, 351 were pre-MAGS and 932 were post-MAGS. Of the total 9-1-1 calls, 127 (36.2%) were related to alcohol pre-MAGS and 327 (35.1%) were related to alcohol post-MAGS policy implementation. The relative risk of a 9-1-1 call being made for alcohol-related issues after MAGS implementation was RR = 0.97 (95% CI 0.83-1.14; P = 0.713). Conclusion: Implementation of a MAGS policy was not associated with a significant change in the number of alcohol-related EMS responses. It is unclear if these results reflect ineffective policy implementation or a general reduction in on-campus alcohol consumption. However, using EMS call volume as a marker for policy success and quality improvement offers an innovative tool through which EMS agencies can provide valuable feedback to other system stakeholders.
• Gaither, J. B., Bradshaw, H. R., Harris, S., Berkman, M. R., Saxman, Z., Dander, S., Dander, S., Saxman, Z., Harris, S., Berkman, M. R., Bradshaw, H. R., & Gaither, J. B. (2017). Effects of a Transit Strike on EMS Transports and Emergency Department Resource Utilization. Prehospital Emergency Care.
• Bradshaw, H., Viscusi, C., Sakles, J. C., Patanwala, A. E., Pacheco, G. S., Dicken, J., Bradshaw, H., & Arcaris, B. (2016). 190 The Use of Apneic Oxygenation During the Rapid Sequence Intubation of Pediatric Patients is Associated With a Reduced Incidence of Hypoxemia. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 68(4), S74-S75. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.08.203
• Bradshaw, H., Viscusi, C., Sakles, J. C., Patanwala, A. E., Pacheco, G. S., Dicken, J. M., & Bradshaw, H. (2015). 17 The Effect of Age on the First Pass Success of Pediatric Intubations in the Emergency Department. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 66(4), S7. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.046
• Bradshaw, H., Hiller, K. M., Viscusi, C., Hiller, K. M., Greene, S., Bradshaw, H., Beskind, D. L., & Berkman, M. (2014). Cost of an acting intern: clinical productivity in the academic emergency department.. The Journal of emergency medicine, 47(2), 216-22. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.09.040
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  A few studies suggest that an increasing clinical workload does not adversely affect quality of teaching in the Emergency Department (ED); however, the impact of clinical teaching on productivity is unknown..The primary objective of this study was to determine whether there was a difference in relative value units (RVUs) billed by faculty members when an acting internship (AI) student is on shift. Secondary objectives include comparing RVUs billed by individual faculty members and in different locations..A matched case-control study design was employed, comparing the RVUs generated during shifts with an Emergency Medicine (EM) AI (cases) to shifts without an AI (controls). Case shifts were matched with control shifts for individual faculty member, time (day, swing, night), location, and, whenever possible, day of the week. Outcome measures were gross, procedural, and critical care RVUs..There were 140 shifts worked by AI students during the study period; 18 were unmatchable, and 21 were night shifts that crossed two dates of service and were not included. There were 101 well-matched shift pairs retained for analysis. Gross, procedural, and critical care RVUs billed did not differ significantly in case vs. control shifts (53.60 vs. 53.47, p=0.95; 4.30 vs. 4.27, p=0.96; 3.36 vs. 3.41, respectively, p=0.94). This effect was consistent across sites and for all faculty members..An AI student had no adverse effect on overall, procedural, or critical care clinical billing in the academic ED. When matched with experienced educators, career-bound fourth-year students do not detract from clinical productivity.
• Hiller, K. M., Stolz, U., Bradshaw, H., Berkman, M., Min, A. A., Fiorello, A. B., Viscusi, C., Stoneking, L. R., Stolz, U., Min, A., Hiller, K. M., Grall, K. J., Fiorello, A. B., Bradshaw, H., Beskind, D. L., & Berkman, M. (2014). Does the experience of the writer affect the evaluative components on the standardized letter of recommendation in emergency medicine?. The Journal of emergency medicine, 46(4), 544-50. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.025
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  The Standardized Letter of Recommendation (SLOR) was developed in an attempt to standardize the evaluation of applicants to an emergency medicine (EM) residency..Our aim was to determine whether the Global Assessment Score (GAS) and Likelihood of Matching Assessment (LOMA) of the SLOR for applicants applying to an EM residency are affected by the experience of the letter writer. We describe the distribution of GAS and LOMA grades and compare the GAS and LOMA scores to length of time an applicant knew the letter writer and number of EM rotations..We conducted a retrospective review of all SLORs written for all applicants applying to three EM residency programs for the 2012 match. Median number of letters written the previous year were compared across the four GAS and LOMA scores using an equality of medians test and test for trend to see if higher scores on the GAS and LOMA were associated with less experienced letter writers. Distributions of the scores were determined and length of time a letter writer knew an applicant and number of EM rotations were compared with GAS and LOMA scores..There were 917 applicants representing 27.6% of the total applicant pool for the 2012 United States EM residency match and 1253 SLORs for GAS and 1246 for LOMA were analyzed. The highest scores on the GAS and LOMA were associated with the lowest median number of letters written the previous year (equality of medians test across groups, p < 0.001; test for trend, p < 0.001). Less than 3% received the lowest score for GAS and LOMA. Among letter writers that knew an applicant for more than 1 year, 45.3% gave a GAS score of "Outstanding" and 53.4% gave a LOMA of "Very Competitive" compared with 31.7% and 39.6%, respectively, if the letter writer knew them 1 year or less (p = 0.002; p = 0.005). Number of EM rotations was not associated with GAS and LOMA scores..SLORs written by less experienced letter writers were more likely to have a GAS of "Outstanding" (p < 0.001) and a LOMA of "Very Competitive" (p < 0.001) than more experienced letter writers. The overall distribution of GAS and LOMA was heavily weighted to the highest scores. The length of time a letter writer knew an applicant was significantly associated with GAS and LOMA scores.
• Bradshaw, H., Viscusi, C., Sakles, J. C., Patanwala, A. E., Pacheco, G. S., & Bradshaw, H. (2013). Comparison of GlideScope Video Laryngoscopy to Direct Laryngoscopy for Intubation of Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 62(4), S75-S76. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.026

Proceedings Publications

• Bradshaw, H. R., Beskind, D. L., Rice, A. M., Sid, P., Gaither, J. B., Jeffery, T., Abhijay, M., Samantha, R., Bradshaw, H. R., Beskind, D. L., Rice, A. M., Sid, P., Gaither, J. B., Jeffery, T., Abhijay, M., & Samantha, R. (2019, Jan). Implementation of a Medical Amnesty / Good Samaritan Policy by a Large Public University is Not Associated with an Increase in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Alcohol Related Patient Encounters. In Annual Meeting of the National Association of EMS Physicians.
• Bradshaw, H. R., Harris, S., Dander, S., Saxman, Z., Berkman, M. R., & Gaither, J. B. (2017, January). Effects of a Transit Strike on EMS Transports and Emergency Department Resource Utilization. In National Association of EMS Physician Annual Meeting.
• Gaither, J. B., Bradshaw, H. R., Smith, J. J., Waters, K. E., & Spaite, D. W. (2015, January). Development of a Novel Course to Integrate EMS Fellow, Emergency Medicine Resident, and Undergraduate Education in EMS Systems Organization and Deployment. In Annual Meeting of the National Association of EMS Physicians, 19, 340.
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  Gaither JB, Bradshaw HR, Smith JJ, Waters K, Spaite DW: Development of a Novel Course to Integrate EMS Fellow, Emergency Medicine Resident, and Undergraduate Education in EMS Systems Organization and Deployment. Prehospital Emerg Care 2015;19(2):340.
• Gaither, J. B., Bradshaw, H. R., Smith, J. J., Waters, K. E., & Spaite, D. W. (2015, January). Development of a Novel Course to Integrate EMS Fellow, Emergency Medicine Resident, and Undergraduate Education in EMS Systems Organization and Deployment. In Annual Meeting of the National Association of EMS Physicians.

Presentations

• Hiller, K. M., & Bradshaw, H. R. (2015, March). Correlation of Visual Analog Scale scores for end-of-shift global assessment of clinical performance with Standardized Letter of Evaluation (SLOE) global assessment categorization. Western Regional Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Meeting. Tucson, AZ.
• Hiller, K. M., Beskind, D. L., Bradshaw, H. R., Berkman, M. R., Viscusi, C. D., Min, A. A., Grall, K., & Stoneking, L. R. (2013, June). How Much do Students Cost? Clinical Productivity in the Academic Emergency Department. Western Regional Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Conference.
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  Long Beach, CA

Poster Presentations

• Gaither, J. B., Berkman, M. R., Saxman, Z., Dander, S., Harris, S., & Bradshaw, H. R. (2017, January). Effects of a Transit Strike on EMS Transports and Emergency Department Resource Utilization. National Association of EMS Physician Annual Meeting.
• Hiller, K. M., & Bradshaw, H. R. (2015, April). Correlation of Visual Analog Scale scores for end-of-shift global assessment of clinical performance with Standardized Letter of Evaluation (SLOE) global assessment categorization. Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine Academic Assembly. Phoenix, AZ.
• Hiller, K. M., & Bradshaw, H. R. (2015, May). Correlation of Visual Analog Scale scores for end-of-shift global assessment of clinical performance with Standardized Letter of Evaluation (SLOE) global assessment categorization. Society for Academic Emergency Medicine National Meeting. San Diego, CA: Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.
• Sakles, J. C., Patanwala, A., Viscusi, C. D., Bradshaw, H. R., & Pacheco, G. S. (2013, November). Comparison of glidescope videolaryngoscopy to direct laryngoscopy for intubation of pediatric patients in the emergency department. American College of Emergency Physicians.

Others

• Bradshaw, H. R., Harris, S., Dander, S., Saxman, Z., Berkman, M. R., & Gaither, J. B. (2017, January). Effects of a Transit Strike on EMS Transports and Emergency Department Resource Utilization. Prehospital Emergency Care.
• Gaither, J. B., Bradshaw, H. R., Smith, J. J., Waters, K. E., & Spaite, D. W. (2015, Jan). Development of a Novel Course to Integrate EMS Fellow, Emergency Medicine Resident, and Undergraduate Education in EMS Systems Organization and Deployment. Prehospital Emergency Care.
  More info

  Gaither JB, Bradshaw HR, Smith JJ, Waters K, Spaite DW: Development of a Novel Course to Integrate EMS Fellow, Emergency Medicine Resident, and Undergraduate Education in EMS Systems Organization and Deployment. Prehospital Emerg Care 2015;19(2):340.
• Gaither, J. B., Bradshaw, H. R., Smith, J. J., Waters, K. E., & Spaite, D. W. (2015, Spring). Development of a Novel Course to Integrate EMS Fellow, Emergency Medicine Resident, and Undergraduate Education in EMS Systems Organization and Deployment. Prehospital Emergency Care.
• Hiller, K. M., Beskind, D. L., Bradshaw, H. R., Berkman, M. R., Viscusi, C. D., Min, A. A., Grall, K., & Stoneking, L. R. (2013, June). How Much do Students Cost? Clinical Productivity in the Academic Emergency Department. Western Regional Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Conference.
  More info

  Long Beach, CA