Michael A Crimmins

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Chapters

• Stevenson, J., Crimmins, M. A., Whitehead, J., Brugger, J., & Fraisse, C. (2016). Connecting climate information with practical uses: Extension and the NOAA RISA program. In Climate in Context: Science and Society Partnering for Adaptation.
• Overpeck, J. T., Crimmins, M. A., & Weiss, J. L. (2015). Developing an Event Database for Cut-off Low Climatology over Southwestern North America. In Machine Learning and Data Mining Approaches to Climate Science. Springer.
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  Cut-off lows (COLs) can impact southwestern North America with heavy rainfall that leads to flooding. Despite the societal challenges presented by this weather phenomenon, there has been no recent study of COLs focused on this region. This information need, in combination with the current availability of large, multivariate atmospheric datasets, offers a clear data mining and applied re-search opportunity. Here, we describe our method to produce an objective, physi-cally based algorithm that identifies COLs in reanalysis data, and apply this method to a known COL event. Results suggest that the initial algorithm is too selective for adequately identifying COLs, and needs additional adjustments in order to resolve the different spatial scales of COLs and reanalysis data. We further discuss the attributes of information extracted through this data mining approach that will be used to populate an event database for COL climatology over southwestern North America, as well as the verification of individual COL events. Integration of our COL event database with other data mining approaches has great potential to expand our currently limited knowledge on this important weather phenomenon.
• Weiss, J. L., Crimmins, M. A., & Overpeck, J. (2015). Developing an Event Database for Cut-off Low Climatology over Southwestern North America. In Machine Learning and Data Mining Approaches to Climate Science(pp 195-204). Springer.
• Weiss, J. L., Crimmins, M. A., & Overpeck, J. T. (2015). Developing an Event Database for Cut-off Low Climatology over Southwestern North America. In Machine Learning and Data Mining Approaches to Climate Science. Springer.
  More info

  Cut-off lows (COLs) can impact southwestern North America with heavy rainfall that leads to flooding. Despite the societal challenges presented by this weather phenomenon, there has been no recent study of COLs focused on this region. This information need, in combination with the current availability of large, multivariate atmospheric datasets, offers a clear data mining and applied re-search opportunity. Here, we describe our method to produce an objective, physi-cally based algorithm that identifies COLs in reanalysis data, and apply this method to a known COL event. Results suggest that the initial algorithm is too selective for adequately identifying COLs, and needs additional adjustments in order to resolve the different spatial scales of COLs and reanalysis data. We further discuss the attributes of information extracted through this data mining approach that will be used to populate an event database for COL climatology over southwestern North America, as well as the verification of individual COL events. Integration of our COL event database with other data mining approaches has great potential to expand our currently limited knowledge on this important weather phenomenon.
• Garfin, G. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Jacobs, K. A. (2006). Drought, Climate Variability, and Implications for Water Supply and Management. In Water Management Innovations for Arid Regions: Arizona Policy and Practice. Resources for the Future Press.

Journals/Publications

• Bradford, J. B., Shriver, R. K., Robles, M. D., McCauley, L. A., Woolley, T. J., Andrews, C. A., Crimmins, M., & Bell, D. M. (2022). Tree mortality response to drought-density interactions suggests opportunities to enhance drought resistance. Journal of Applied Ecology, 59(2), 549-559.
• Crimmins, M. A., Brischke, A. S., Hall, A. L., & Mcclaran, M. P. (2021). Ranch-scale drought monitoring tools for Arizona. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Bulletin, 2.
• Crimmins, M. A., Brischke, A. S., Hall, A. L., & Mcclaran, M. P. (2022). Ranch-scale Drought Monitoring Tools for Arizona. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Bulletin.
• Crimmins, M. A., Guido, Z. S., & McMahan, B. (2022). Guide to Southwest U.S. Station Climate Summaries. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Bulletin, 8.
• Greene, C., Wilmer, H., Ferguson, D. B., Crimmins, M. A., & McClaran, M. P. (2022). Using scale and human agency to frame ranchers’ discussions about socio-ecological change and resilience. Journal of Rural Studies, 96, 217-226.
• Greene, C., Wilmer, H., Ferguson, D. B., Crimmins, M. A., & Mcclaran, M. P. (2022). Rancher’s Knowledge of Social-Ecological Change: Centering Agency and Scale in Resilience. . Journal of Rural Studies, 96, 217-226.
• Guido, Z., McMahan, B., Hoy, D., Larsen, C., Delgado, B., Granillo, R. L., & Crimmins, M. (2022). Public Engagement on Weather and Climate with a Monsoon Fantasy Forecasting Game. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.
• Mcclaran, M. P., Brischke, A. S., Crimmins, M. A., Hall, A. L., Grace, J., Grace, J., Hall, A. L., Crimmins, M. A., Mcclaran, M. P., & Brischke, A. S. (2020). Monitoring Drought in Arizona. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Fast Track.
• Mcclaran, M. P., Hall, A. L., Brischke, A. S., & Crimmins, M. A. (2021). Ranch-scale Drought Monitoring Tools for Arizona. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Bulletin, 2.
• Mcclaran, M. P., Hall, A. L., Grace, J., Crimmins, M. A., & Brischke, A. S. (2020). Financial Options for Livestock Producers During Natural Disasters. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Fast Track.
• Uhlman, K., Eastoe, C. J., Guido, Z. S., Crimmins, M. A., Purkey-Deller, A., & Eden, S. (2019). Assessing the vulnerability of an aquifer to climate variability through community participation in Arivaca, Arizona. Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education.
• Bradford, J. B., Shriver, R. K., Robles, M. D., McCauley, L. A., Woolley, T. J., Andrews, C. A., Crimmins, M., & Bell, D. M. (2021). Tree mortality response to drought-density interactions suggests opportunities to enhance drought resistance. Journal of Applied Ecology, n/a(n/a).
• Crimmins, M. A., McMahan, B., Holmgren, W. F., & Woodard, G. (2021). Tracking precipitation patterns across a western U.S. metropolitan area using volunteer observers: RainLog.Org. International Journal of Climatology, 41(8), 4201-4214.
• Khatri-Chhetri, P., Hendryx, S. M., Hartfield, K. A., Crimmins, M. A., Leeuwen, W., & Kane, V. R. (2021). Assessing Vegetation Response to Multi-Scalar Drought across the Mojave, Sonoran, Chihuahuan Deserts and Apache Highlands in the Southwest United States.
• McMahan, B., Granillo, R. L., Delgado, B., Herrera, M., & Crimmins, M. A. (2021). Curating and Visualizing Dense Networks of Monsoon Precipitation Data: Integrating Computer Science Into Forward Looking Climate Services Development. Frontiers in Climate, 3, 21.
• Mcclaran, M. P., Hall, A. L., Grace, J., Crimmins, M. A., Brischke, A. S., Mcclaran, M. P., Hall, A. L., Grace, J., Crimmins, M. A., & Brischke, A. S. (2020). Monitoring Drought in Arizona. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Fast Track.
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  Submitted in Dec 2020, accepted and completed in 2021.
• Crimmins, T. M., & Crimmins, M. A. (2020). Spring 2020 started with a bang; how did it wind up?. Nature Ecology & Evolution Community.
• Mcclaran, M. P., Hall, A. L., Grace, J., Crimmins, M. A., & Brischke, A. S. (2020). The US Drought Monitor. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Fast Track.
• Uhlman, K., Eastoe, C., Guido, Z., Crimmins, M. A., Purkey-Deller, A., & Eden, S. (2020). Assessing the Vulnerability of an Aquifer to Climate Variability through Community Participation in Arivaca, Arizona. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 170(1), 2-18.
• Crimmins, M. A., & Crimmins, T. M. (2019). Does an early spring indicate an early summer? Relationships between intraseasonal growing degree day threshold. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 124(8). doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005297
• Crimmins, T. M., & Crimmins, M. A. (2019). Biologically‐Relevant Trends in Springtime Temperatures Across the United States. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(21). doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085251
• Luketich, A. M., Papuga, S. A., & Crimmins, M. A. (2019). Ecohydrology of urban trees under passive and active irrigation in a semiarid city. PloS one, 14(11), e0224804.
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  The infiltration of stormwater runoff for use by urban trees is a major co-benefit of green infrastructure for desert cities with limited water resources. However, the effects of this passive irrigation versus regular, controlled moisture inputs, or active irrigation, is largely unquantified. We monitored the ecohydrology of urban mesquite trees (Prosopis spp.) under these contrasting irrigation regimes in semiarid Tucson, AZ. Measurements included soil moisture, sap velocity, canopy greenness, and leaf-area index. We expected both irrigation types to provide additional deep (>20 cm) soil moisture compared to natural conditions, and that trees would depend on this deep moisture for transpiration and phenological activity. Results show that active irrigation supported higher soil moisture throughout the study than passive irrigation. Passive irrigation only provided additional deep moisture when green infrastructure features received impervious runoff from a city street. Sap velocity and greenness were similar under both irrigation types, outside of isolated periods of time. These differences occurred during the extremely wet summer 2017 when passively irrigated trees exhibited a greenness peak, and the dry conditions of spring when actively irrigated trees had higher sap flow and relative greenness. Finally, it was not determined that deep soil moisture had a stronger relationship with mesquite productivity than shallow moisture, but both relationships were stronger in the spring, before summer rains. This study aims to contribute empirical observations of green infrastructure performance for urban watershed management.
• EL-Vilaly, A. M., Didan, K., Marsh, E. S., Crimmins, A. M., & Munoz, B. A. (2018). Characterizing Drought Effects on Vegetation Productivity in the Four Corners Region of the US Southwest. Sustainability, 10(5). doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051643
• Hawkes, K., Brugger, J., Mcclaran, M. P., Crimmins, M. A., Howery, L. D., Ruyle, G. B., Sprinkle, J., & Tolleson, D. (2018). Guide to Co-Developing Drought Preparation Plans for Livestock Grazing on Southwest National Forests. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Bulletin, 80.
• Tolleson, D., Sprinkle, J., Ruyle, G. B., Howery, L. D., Crimmins, M. A., Brugger, J., Mcclaran, M. P., & Hawkes, K. (2018). Guide to Co-Developing Drought Preparation Plans for Livestock on Southwest National Forests. University of Arizona Cooperartive Extension Bullletin, az1764, 80.
• Tolleson, D., Sprinkle, J., Ruyle, G. B., Howery, L. D., Crimmins, M. A., Mcclaran, M. P., Brugger, J., & Hawkes, K. (2018). Guide to Co-Developing Drought Preparation Plans for Livestock Grazing on Southwest National Forests. Peer-Reviewed Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication (az1764), 80.
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  Hawkes, K., M. McClaran, J. Brugger, M, Crimmins, L. Howery, G. Ruyle, J. Sprinkle, and D. Tolleson. 2018. Co-Developing Drought Preparation Plans for Livestock Grazing on Southwest National Forests. Peer-Reviewed Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication (az1764).
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017). Rainlog Climate Summary. Rainlog Monthly Newsletter, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec (5 published in 2017).
• Crimmins, M. A., & Crimmins, T. M. (2017). Plant Phenology Site Phenometrics + Accumulated Growing Degree Day Calculations for the continental United States (2009-2016). U.S. Geological Survey data release. doi:https://doi.org/10.5066/F7XG9Q0X
• Crimmins, M. A., Crimmins, M. A., Mcclaran, M. P., Mcclaran, M. P., Hall, A. L., Hall, A. L., Brugger, J., Brugger, J., Tolleson, D., Tolleson, D., Crimmins, M. A., Mcclaran, M. P., Hall, A. L., Brugger, J., & Tolleson, D. (2017). Do-it-yourself Construction Guide: Rugged Accumulation Precipitation Gauge for Remote Monitoring. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Fast Track.
• Crimmins, M. A., Ferguson, D. B., Masayesva, A., Meadow, A., Weiss, J. L., & Faulstich, H. (2017). Drought Monitoring to Support Planning for the Hopi Tribe: Final Report 2010-2016. Climate Assessment for the Southwest Technical Report.
• Crimmins, M. A., Ferguson, D. B., Meadow, A. M., & Weiss, J. L. (2017). Discerning “flavors” of drought using climate extremes indices. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. doi:DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0270.1
• Crimmins, M. A., Mcclaran, M. P., Brugger, J., Hall, A. L., Tolleson, D., & Brischke, A. S. (2017). Rain Gauges for Range Management: Precipitation Monitoring Best Practices Guide. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Publication, 7.
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  Precipitation in the form of rain and snow is critical to many aspects of working lands from controlling the growth of vegetation used in grazing by livestock and wildlife to recharging local water resources found in springs, tanks and riparian areas. Land management decisions often require some knowledge of how much precipitation fell within a management unit to assess how past actions have performed and what to do next. For example, do forage conditions reflect a lack of precipitation or grazing management? Did the next pasture or allotment in my rotation get any rainfall over the past season?
• Crimmins, M. A., Mcclaran, M. P., Brugger, J., Hall, A. L., Tolleson, D., Brischke, A. S., Crimmins, M. A., Mcclaran, M. P., Brugger, J., Hall, A. L., Tolleson, D., & Brischke, A. S. (2017). Rain Gauges for Range Management: Precipitation Monitoring Best Practices Guide. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Fast Track.
• Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., Gerst, K. L., Rosemartin, A. H., & Weltzin, J. F. (2017). USA National Phenology Network’s volunteer-contributed observations yield predictive models of phenological transitions. PloS one, 12(8), e0182919. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182919
• Crimmins, T. M., Marsh, R., Switzer, J., Crimmins, M. A., Gerst, K. L., Rosemartin, A. H., & Weltzin, J. F. (2017). USA National Phenology Network Gridded Products Documentation. USGS Open File Report. doi:https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20171003
• El Vilaly, M. A., El Vilaly, M. A., Didan, K., Didan, K., Marsh, S. E., Marsh, S. E., Van Leeuwen, W. J., Van Leeuwen, W. J., Crimmins, M. A., Crimmins, M. A., Barreto, A., & Barreto, A. (2017). Vegetation Productivity Responses to Drought on Tribal Lands in the Four Corners Region of the Southwest U.S.. Frontiers of Earth Science. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-017-0646-z
• Brugger, J., Crimmins, M. A., & Mcclaran, M. P. (2016). Groups co-develop approaches to improve planning for drought on public lands.. DroughtScape: Newsletter National Drought Mitigation Center, 16-18.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016). How did observed weather correspond to (El Niño) climate predictions?. CLIMAS Blog - Ask an Applied Climatologist.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016). The El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Arizona Water Resource - Water Resources Research Center Quarterly Newsletter, 24(2), 9.
• Crimmins, M. A., & Mcclaran, M. P. (2016). Where do seasonal climate predictions belong in the drought management toolbox?. Rangelands, 38, 169-176.
• Ferguson, D. B., Masayesva, A., Meadow, A. M., & Crimmins, M. A. (2016). Rain Gauges to Range Conditions: Collaborative Development of a Drought Information System to Support Local Decision-Making. Weather Climate and Society, 8(4), 345-359.
• Herrmann, S. M., Didan, K., Barreto-Munoz, A., & Crimmins, M. A. (2016). Divergent responses of vegetation cover in Southwestern US ecosystems to dry and wet years at different elevations. Environmental Research Letters, 11(12).
• Meadow, A. M., Guido, Z., Crimmins, M. A., & McLeod, J. (2016). From principles to action: Applying the National Research Council's principles for effective decision support to the Federal Emergency Management Agency's watch office. Climate Services, 1, 12-23.
• Weiss, J. L., & Crimmins, M. A. (2016). Better Coverage of Arizona’s Weather and Climate: Gridded Datasets of Daily Surface Meteorological Variables. Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Shepard, C., Schaap, M. G., Crimmins, M. A., Leeuwen, W. J., & Rasmussen, C. (2015). Subsurface soil textural control of aboveground productivity in the US Desert Southwest. Geoderma Regional, 4(0), 44--54.
• Springer, A. C., Swann, D. E., & Crimmins, M. A. (2015). Climate change impacts on high elevation saguaro range expansion. JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS, 116, 57-62.
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  Severe freeze events have been identified as a primary limiting factor for the saguaro cactus at high elevations in the southwestern United States. With the observed increase in minimum temperatures, it may be expected that saguaros will expand their elevational range. To better understand the factors influencing potential range expansion, we developed a logistic regression model to help explain saguaro presence along its current uppermost elevation. We find that the occurrence of fire decreases the odds of saguaro presence by 78 percent. While less frequent freeze events could allow saguaros to push their current elevational limit, our model suggests that increased fire activity related to the establishment and spread of invasive species could inhibit this range expansion. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
• Brugger, J., & Crimmins, M. (2015). Designing institutions to support local level climate change adaptation: Insights from a case study of the U.S. Cooperative Extension System. Weather, Climate, and Society, 7(1), 18-38.
• Crimmins, T. M., Bertelsen, D. C., & Crimmins, M. A. (2014). Within-season flowering interruptions are common in the water-limited Sky Islands. International journal of biometeorology, 58(4), 419-26.
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  Within-season breaks in flowering have been reported in a wide range of highly variable ecosystems including deserts, tropical forests and high-elevation meadows. A tendency for interruptions in flowering has also been documented in southwestern US "Sky Island" plant communities, which encompass xeric to mesic conditions. Seasonal breaks in flowering have implications for plant reproductive success, population structure, and gene flow as well as resource availability for pollinators and dependent animals. Most reports of multiple within-season flowering events describe only two distinct flowering episodes. In this study, we set out to better quantify distinct within-season flowering events in highly variable Sky Islands plant communities. Across a >1,200 m elevation gradient, we documented a strong tendency for multiple within-season flowering events. In both distinct spring and summer seasons, we observed greater than two distinct within-season flowering in more than 10 % of instances. Patterns were clearly mediated by the different climate factors at work in the two seasons. The spring season, which is influenced by both temperature and precipitation, showed a mixed response, with the greatest tendency for multiple flowering events occurring at mid-elevations and functional types varying in their responses across the gradient. In the summer season, during which flowering across the gradient is limited by localized precipitation, annual plants exhibited the fewest within-season flowering events and herbaceous perennial plants showed the greatest. Additionally, more distinct events occurred at lower elevations. The patterns documented here provide a baseline for comparison of system responses to changing climate conditions.
• Williams, A. P., Seager, R., Berkelhammer, M., Macalady, A. K., Crimmins, M. A., Swetnam, T. W., Trugman, A. T., Buenning, N., Hryniw, N., McDowell, N. G., & others, . (2014). Causes and Implications of Extreme Atmospheric Moisture Demand during the Record-Breaking 2011 Wildfire Season in the Southwestern United States*. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 53(12), 2671--2684.
• Williams, A. P., Seager, R., Macalady, A. K., Berkelhammer, M., Crimmins, M. A., Swetnam, T. W., Trugman, A. T., Buenning, N., Noone, D., McDowell, N. G., & others, . (2014). Correlations between components of the water balance and burned area reveal new insights for predicting forest fire area in the southwest United States. International Journal of Wildland Fire.
• Brugger, J., & Crimmins, M. (2013). The art of adaptation: Living with climate change in the rural American Southwest. Global Environmental Change, 23(6), 1830-1840.
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  Abstract: As adaptation has come to the forefront in climate change discourse, research, and policy, it is crucial to consider the effects of how we interpret the concept. This paper draws attention to the need for interpretations that foster policies and institutions with the breadth and flexibility to recognize and support a wide range of locally relevant adaptation strategies. Social scientists have argued that, in practice, the standard definition of adaptation tends to prioritize economic over other values and technical over social responses, draw attention away from underlying causes of vulnerability and from the broader context in which adaptive responses take place, and exclude discussions of inequality, justice, and transformation. In this paper, we discuss an alternate understanding of adaptation, which we label "living with climate change," that emerged from an ethnographic study of how rural residents of the U.S. Southwest understand, respond to, and plan for weather and climate in their daily lives, and we consider how it might inform efforts to develop a more comprehensive definition. The discussion brings into focus several underlying features of this lay conception of adaptation, which are crucial for understanding how adaptation actually unfolds on the ground: an ontology based on nature-society mutuality; an epistemology based on situated knowledge; practice based on performatively adjusting human activities to a dynamic biophysical and social environment; and a placed-based system of values. We suggest that these features help point the way toward a more comprehensive understanding of climate change adaptation, and one more fully informed by the understanding that we are living in the Anthropocene. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
• Brugger, J., & Crimmins, M. A. (2013). The art of adaptation: Living with climate change in the rural American Southwest. Global Environmental Change, 23(6), 1830-1840.
• Brugger, J., Crimmins, M., Ruyle, G., & Mcclaran, M. (2013). Ranching with Drought in the Southwest: A workshop report and invitation to participate. Arizona Cattlelog, 67(10), 17-25.
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  Brugger, Julie, Michael Crimmins, George Ruyle, Mitchel McClaran. 2013. Ranching with Drought in the Southwest: A workshop report and invitation to participate. Arizona Cattlelog 67 (10): 17-25.
• Crimmins, T. M., Bertelsen, C. D., & Crimmins, M. A. (2013). Spring and summer patterns in flowering onset, duration, and constancy across a water-limited gradient.. American Journal of Botany, 100, 1-11.
• Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Bertelsen, C. D. (2013). . Spring and summer patterns in flowering onset, duration, and constancy across a water-limited gradient.. American Journal of Botany, 100(6), 1-11.
• Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Bertelsen, C. D. (2013). Spring and summer patterns in flowering onset, duration, and constancy across a water-limited gradient. American Journal of Botany, 100(6), 1137-1147.
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  PMID: 23709634;Abstract: Premise of the study: Community-level flowering patterns can be characterized by onset, duration, and end as well as constancy, the degree to which species commence, cease, and reinitiate flowering within a season. In the mountainous Sky Islands region of the southwestern United States, flowering onset is clearly influenced by elevation in the spring, but much less so in the summer season. We evaluated whether these flowering metrics reflect these dissimilar patterns between distinct spring and summer seasons regarding the influence of the elevation and moisture gradient. Methods: We characterized flowering onset, end, duration, and constancy by plant functional type and their relationships to climate variables in spring and summer. We also evaluated the influence of climate on seasonal flowering patterns. Key results: Gaps in seasonal flowering occur frequently in this system in both seasons and among all plant functional types. In both seasons, annual plants exhibit the shortest flowering durations and highest constancies, and plants at low elevations, inhabiting environments with variable moisture conditions, show a greater tendency for longer flowering durations and lower constancy than high-elevation plants. Spring flowering characteristics are most influenced by the total amount of October-March precipitation as well as temperatures in these months, whereas summer flowering characteristics are influenced by the timing of summer-season precipitation, and next by the total amount of summer precipitation. Conclusions: Flowering metrics, especially constancy and duration, show similar patterns in spring and summer and vary across elevation and moisture gradients. These patterns have substantial implications for plant and animal communities. © 2013 Botanical Society of America.
• Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Bertelsen, C. D. (2013). Spring and summer patterns in flowering onset, duration, and constancy across a water-limited gradient. American journal of botany, 100(6).
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• Guido, Z., Hill, D., Crimmins, M., & Ferguson, D. (2013). Informing decisions with a climate synthesis product: Implications for regional climate services. Weather, Climate, and Society, 5(1), 83-92.
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  Abstract: The demand for regional climate information is increasing and spurring efforts to provide a broad slate of climate services that inform policy and resource management and elevate general knowledge. Routine syntheses of existing climate-related information may be an effective strategy for connecting climate information to decision making, but few studies have formally assessed their contribution to informing decisions. During the 2010-11 winter, drought conditions expanded and intensified in Arizona and New Mexico, creating an opportunity to develop and evaluate a monthly regional climate communication product-La Ni~na Drought Tracker-that synthesized and interpreted drought and climate information. Six issues were published and subsequently evaluated through an online survey. On average, 417 people consulted the publication each month. Many of the survey respondents indicated that they made at least one drought-related decision, and the product at least moderately influenced the majority of those decisions, some of which helped mitigate economic losses. More than 90% of the respondents also indicated that the product improved their understanding of climate and drought, and that it helped the majority of them better prepare for drought. The results demonstrate that routine interpretation and synthesis of existing climate information can help enhance access to and understanding and use of climate information in decision making, fulfilling the main goals for the provision of climate services. © 2013 American Meteorological Society.
• Meadow, A. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Ferguson, D. B. (2013). Field of dreams or dream team? Assessing two models for drought impact reporting in the semiarid southwest. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94(10), 1507-1517.
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  Abstract: Arizona DroughtWatch (AZDW) was a web-based data collection system designed to gather drought impacts reports from across the state to inform decisions about drought status and response options in Arizona. Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) was tasked with providing leadership in this effort through their drought program. A drought plan was developed with the goals of identifying the impacts of drought to the various sectors, defining the sources of drought vulnerability and outlining a monitoring program, and preparing drought response options and drought mitigation strategies. Three groups were created to achieve certain goals, including Local drought impact groups (LDIG), the county-level ad hoc volunteer groups of local stakeholders led by Arizona Cooperative Extension and county emergency management with a mission to inform the public about drought.
• Meadow, A., Crimmins, M. A., & Ferguson, D. (2013). Field of Dreams or Dream Team?: Assessing Two Models for the Drought Impact Reporting in the Semiarid Southwest. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94, 1507–1517.
• Meadow, A., Ferguson, D., & Crimmins, M. A. (2013). Helping a community develop a drought impacts reporting system. Rural Connections, 15-17.
• Crimmins, T. M., & Crimmins, M. A. (2012). Appreciating and Archiving Present-Day Naturalists' Contributions to Science. BioScience, 62(6), 531-532.
• Crimmins, T., & Crimmins, M. (2012). Appreciating and archiving present-day naturalists' contributions to science. BioScience, 62(6), 531-532.
• Diez, J. M., Ibáñez, I., Miller-Rushing, A. J., Mazer, S. J., Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., Bertelsen, C. D., & Inouye, D. W. (2012). Forecasting phenology: From species variability to community patterns. Ecology Letters, 15(6), 545-553.
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  PMID: 22433120;Abstract: Shifts in species' phenology in response to climate change have wide-ranging consequences for ecological systems. However, significant variability in species' responses, together with limited data, frustrates efforts to forecast the consequences of ongoing phenological changes. Herein, we use a case study of three North American plant communities to explore the implications of variability across levels of organisation (within and among species, and among communities) for forecasting responses to climate change. We show how despite significant variation among species in sensitivities to climate, comparable patterns emerge at the community level once regional climate drivers are accounted for. However, communities differ with respect to projected patterns of divergence and overlap among their species' phenological distributions in response to climate change. These analyses and a review of hypotheses suggest how explicit consideration of spatial scale and levels of biological organisation may help to understand and forecast phenological responses to climate change. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.
• Diez, J., Ibanez, I., Miller-Rushing, A., Mazer, S., Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., Bertelsen, C. D., & Inouye, D. (2012). Forecasting phenology: from species variability to community patterns. Ecology Letters.
• Guido, Z., Hill, D., Crimmins, M., & Ferguson, D. (2012). Informing decisions with a climate synthesis product: implications for regional climate services. Weather, Climate, and Society.
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  DOI 10.1175/WCAS-D-12-00012.1.
• Holden, Z. A., Luce, C. H., Crimmins, M. A., & Morgan, P. (2012). Wildfire extent and severity correlated with annual streamflow distribution and timing in the Pacific Northwest, USA (1984-2005). Ecohydrology, 5(5), 677-684.
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  Abstract: Climate change effects on wildfire occurrence have been attributed primarily to increases in temperatures causing earlier snowpack ablation and longer fire seasons. Variability in precipitation is also an important control on snowpack accumulation and, therefore, on timing of meltwater inputs. We evaluate the correlation of total area burned and area burned severely to snowmelt-induced streamflow timing and total annual streamflow metrics across the Pacific Northwest region from 1984-2005. Principal component scores on total annual water year flow and date of 50th percentile flow (PC1T) in the Pacific Northwest were used as predictors of satellite-inferred area burned and area burned severely in forested settings. Both annual area burned and burned severely are significantly correlated with mean annual flow and streamflow timing. PC1T alone explains 24% of the variability in annual area burned. Path analysis suggests that a substantial amount of the variability in annual area burned, previously attributed solely to temperature effects on melt timing, may be primarily driven by trends in precipitation and total annual streamflow. Principal component analysis scores on mean annual streamflow explain as much as 46% of the variability in annual area burned from 1984-2005. Thus, although streamflow timing may be a better single correlate of annual wildfire activity, timing is, in turn, strongly dependent on precipitation. These results suggest that recent fire activity in forests of this region are influenced more by precipitation variability than temperature-induced shifts in snowmelt timing, with significant implications for our ability to predict wildfire activity in the future. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
• Martin, J., Kurc, S. A., Zaimes, G., Crimmins, M., Hutmacher, A., & Green, D. (2012). Elevated air temperatures in riparian ecosystems along ephemeral streams: The role of housing density. Journal of Arid Environments, 84, 9-18.
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  Abstract: The semiarid southwestern United States is an area of rapid population growth. Urban development is encroaching upon many ecosystems, including riparian areas. Because most stream miles in the southwestern United States occur along ephemeral streams, recognizing how these ecosystems are affected by increasing urban land covers is imperative. In this study, we recorded air temperature at 30 cm above the ground surface within riparian ecosystems along nine ephemeral stream reaches in three levels of housing density: High Density (HD: >13 houses/hectare); Moderate Density (MD: 4-8 houses/hectare); Low Density (LD:
• Martin, J., Martin, J., Papuga, S. A., Kurc, S. A., Zaimes, G., Zaimes, G., Crimmins, M. A., Crimmins, M. A., Hutmacher, A., Hutmacher, A., Green, D., & Green, D. (2012). Elevated air temperatures in riparian ecosystems along ephemeral streams: The role of housing density. Journal of Arid Environments, 84, 9-18.
• Olsson, A., Betancourt, J., Crimmins, M. A., & Marsh, S. E. (2012). Constancy of local spread rates for buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare L.) in the Arizona Upland of the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Arid Environments, 87, 136-143.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011). Interannual to decadal changes in extreme fire weather event frequencies across the southwestern United States. International Journal of Climatology, 31(11), 1573--1583.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011). Interannual to decadal changes in extreme fire weather event frequencies across the southwestern United States. International Journal of Climatology, 31(11), 1573-1583.
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  Abstract: Low-frequency changes (decades to years) in precipitation related to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are known to influence wildfire variability across the southwest United States. Little work has been done to identify whether daily fire weather variability, also important to wildfire activity, is influenced by these same climatic phenomena. This study identifies the synoptic climatological conditions associated with extreme fire weather events in the Southwest and constructs an extreme fire weather frequency data set for the period of 1958-2003 using a logistic regression technique. Interannual changes in extreme fire weather day frequencies are not linearly correlated with either ENSO or PDO, but do show significant deviations from expected values when grouped by PDO phase (positive or negative) and further subgrouped by ENSO state (La Niña, El Niño or neutral). A higher number of extreme fire weather days occur during the negative phase of the PDO, especially when accompanied by a La Niña event. © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society.
• Crimmins, M. A., & Guido, Z. (2011). A Double-Dip? Mounting Evidence Suggests La Niña Will Return This Winter. Southwest Climate Outlook.
• Crimmins, M. A., Brugger, J., & Owen, B. (2011). Finding a place for climate science in the rural West. Rural Connections, 5-10.
• Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Bertelsen, C. D. (2011). Onset of summer flowering in a 'Sky Island' is driven by monsoon moisture. New Phytologist, 191(2), 468-479.
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  PMID: 21449952;Abstract: Temperatures for the southwestern USA are predicted to increase in coming decades, especially during the summer season; however, little is known about how summer precipitation patterns may change. We aimed to better understand how nonsucculent plants of a water-limited gradient encompassing xeric desert to mesic mountain-top may respond to changes in summer conditions. We used a species-rich 26-yr flowering record to determine species' relationships with precipitation and temperature in months coincident with and previous to flowering. The onset of summer flowering was strongly influenced by the amount and timing of July precipitation, regardless of elevation or life form, suggesting the critical importance of soil moisture in triggering summer flowering in this region. Future changes in the timing or consistency of the early monsoon will probably impact directly on the onset of flowering for many species in this region. In addition, a key implication of predicted increasing temperatures is a decrease in available soil moisture. At all elevations, many species may be expected to flower later in the summer under the decreased soil moisture conditions associated with warmer temperatures. However, impacts on summer flowering may be greater at higher elevations, because of the greater sensitivity of mesic plants to water stress. © 2011 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2011 New Phytologist Trust.
• Crimmins, T., Crimmins, M., & Bertelsen, D. (2011). Onset of summer flowering in a Sky Island is driven by monsoon moisture. New Phytologist.
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  DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03705.x.
• Dillon, G., Holden, Z., Morgan, P., Crimmins, M., Heyerdahl, E., & Luce, C. (2011). Both topography and climate affected forest and woodland burn severity in two regions of the western US, 1984 to 2006. Ecosphere, 2(12), 130.
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  doi: 10.1890/ES11-00271.1
• Holden, Z. A., Crimmins, M. A., Cushman, S. A., & Littell, J. S. (2011). Empirical modeling of spatial and temporal variation in warm season nocturnal air temperatures in two North Idaho mountain ranges, USA. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151(3), 261-269.
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  Abstract: Accurate, fine spatial resolution predictions of surface air temperatures are critical for understanding many hydrologic and ecological processes. This study examines the spatial and temporal variability in nocturnal air temperatures across a mountainous region of Northern Idaho. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to a network of 70 Hobo temperature loggers systematically distributed across 2 mountain ranges. Four interpretable modes of variability were observed in average nighttime temperatures among Hobo sites: (1) regional/synoptic; (2) topoclimatic; (3) land surface feedback; (4) canopy cover and vegetation. PC time series captured temporal variability in nighttime temperatures and showed strong relationships with regional air temperatures, sky conditions and atmospheric pressure. PC2 captured the topographic variation among temperatures. A cold air drainage index was created by predicting PC2 loadings to elevation, slope position and dissection indices. Nightly temperature maps were produced by applying PC time series back to the PC2 loading surface, revealing complex temporal and spatial variation in nighttime temperatures. Further development of both physically and empirically based daily temperature models that account for synoptic atmospheric controls on fine-scale temperature variability in mountain ecosystems are needed to guide future monitoring efforts aimed at assessing the impact of climate change. © 2010.
• Holden, Z., Crimmins, M., Cushman, S., & Littell, J. (2011). Empirical modeling of spatial and temporal variation in warm season nocturnal air temperatures in two North Idaho mountain ranges, USA. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151, 261-269.
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  doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.10.006.
• Holden, Z., Luce, C., Crimmins, M., & Morgan, P. (2011). Wildfire extent and severity correlated with annual streamflow distribution and timing in the Pacific Northwest, USA (19842005). Ecohydrology.
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  doi:10.1002/eco.257
• Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Bertelsen, C. D. (2010). Complex responses to climate drivers in onset of spring flowering across a semi-arid elevation gradient. Journal of Ecology, 5(98), 1042-1051.
• Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Bertelsen, C. D. (2010). Complex responses to climate drivers in onset of spring flowering across a semi-arid elevation gradient. Journal of Ecology, 98(5), 1042-1051.
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  Abstract: 1. Many studies have documented advancement in spring plant phenology; however, studies in dry climates, where water, rather than temperature, is the limiting factor, are rare. To better understand how plants of a water-limited environment may respond to predicted changes in climate, we used a species-rich 20-year data set collected in a semi-arid ecosystem to determine species' relationships with precipitation and temperature for seasons coincident with and previous to flowering. Our data were collected across a 1200-m elevation gradient, allowing us to explore the consistency in relationships with climatic variables from desert scrub to pine forest. A second objective was to document evidence of changes in the onset of spring flowering over this 20-year period. 2. Onset of spring flowering for species at the lowest elevations was most commonly driven by temperature and precipitation conditions of the previous autumn. In contrast, onset of spring flowering for species in high-elevation communities was more often associated with spring temperatures, a pattern consistent with communities of higher latitudes. Despite these coarse patterns, species' relationships to climate variables were highly variable and individualistic. 3. Approximately 10% of species showed a significant trend in changes in first flowering date over the period 1984-2003; most trends were in the direction of later onset. The decrease in autumn precipitation observed over the study period appears to explain the delay in onset observed for many of the species across the elevation gradient. Other species' delays in spring flowering appear to be related to the slight decrease in spring temperature observed over the study period. 4. Synthesis. The south-western USA is expected to become warmer and drier. Climate relationships documented in this study suggest divergent, individualistic changes in the onset of spring flowering. Low-elevation plants may exhibit delayed spring flowering due to changes in the timing or amount of precipitation or insufficient chilling. High-elevation species may show advancement in spring flowering due to warming temperatures. The highly individualistic responses to climate change may result in significant changes in the diversity, composition and abundance of plants in flower. Variable changes in phenology such as these have major implications for species population dynamics and ecosystem functioning. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 British Ecological Society.
• Zaimes, G., & Crimmins, M. A. (2010). Riparian Areas of the Southwest: Learning from Repeat Photographs. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education, 63-69.
• Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Bertelsen, C. D. (2009). Flowering range changes across an elevation gradient in response to warming summer temperatures. Global Change Biology, 15(5), 1141-1152.
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  Abstract: Many studies have demonstrated plant response to warming temperatures, both as advancement in the timing of phenological events and in range shifts. Mountain gradients are ideal laboratories for studying species range changes. In this study of 363 plant species in bloom collected in five segments across a 1200m (4158ft) elevation gradient, we look for changes in species flowering ranges over a 20-year period. Ninety-three species (25.6%) exhibited a significant change in the elevation at which they flowered from the first half to the second half of the record, with many of these changes occurring at higher elevations. Most of the species exhibiting the changes were perennial plants. Interestingly, though many changes in flowering range were specific to higher elevations, range changes occurred all across the gradient. The changes reported in this study are concurrent with significant increases in summer temperatures across the region and are consistent with observed changes around the globe. © Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing.
• Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Bertelsen, C. D. (2009). Flowering range changes across an elevation gradient in response to warming summer temperatures. Global Change Biology, 5(15), 1141-1152.
• Miller, J. D., Safford, H. D., Crimmins, M., & Thode, A. E. (2009). Quantitative Evidence for Increasing Forest Fire Severity in the Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascade Mountains, California and Nevada, USA. Ecosystems, 12(1), 16--32.
• Miller, J. D., Safford, H. D., Crimmins, M., & Thode, A. E. (2009). Quantitative evidence for increasing forest fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Mountains, California and Nevada, USA. Ecosystems, 12(1), 16-32.
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  Abstract: Recent research has concluded that forest wildfires in the western United States are becoming larger and more frequent. A more significant question may be whether the ecosystem impacts of wildfire are also increasing. We show that a large area (approximately 120000 km2) of California and western Nevada experienced a notable increase in the extent of forest stand-replacing ("high severity") fire between 1984 and 2006. High severity forest fire is closely linked to forest fragmentation, wildlife habitat availability, erosion rates and sedimentation, post-fire seedling recruitment, carbon sequestration, and various other ecosystem properties and processes. Mean and maximum fire size, and the area burned annually have also all risen substantially since the beginning of the 1980s, and are now at or above values from the decades preceding the 1940s, when fire suppression became national policy. These trends are occurring in concert with a regional rise in temperature and a long-term increase in annual precipitation. A close examination of the climate-fire relationship and other evidence suggests that forest fuels are no longer limiting fire occurrence and behavior across much of the study region. We conclude that current trends in forest fire severity necessitate a re-examination of the implications of all-out fire suppression and its ecological impacts. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
• Crimmins, M. A., & Crimmins, T. M. (2008). Monitoring plant phenology using digital repeat photography. Environmental Management, 41(6), 949-958.
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  PMID: 18288519;Abstract: Repeated observations of plant phenology have been shown to be important indicators of global change. However, capturing the exact date of key events requires daily observations during the growing season, making phenologic observations relatively labor intensive and costly to collect. One alternative to daily observations for capturing the dates of key phenologic events is repeat photography. In this study, we explored the utility of repeat digital photography for monitoring phenologic events in plants. We provide an illustration of this approach and its utility by placing observations made using repeat digital imagery in context with local meteorologic and edaphic variables. We found that repeat photography provides a reliable, consistent measurement of phenophase. In addition, digital photography offers advantages in that it can be mathematically manipulated to detect and enhance patterns; it can classify objects; and digital photographs can be archived for future analysis. In this study, an estimate of greenness and counts of individual flowers were extracted by way of mathematic algorithms from the photo time series. These metrics were interpreted using meteorologic measurements collected at the study site. We conclude that repeat photography, coupled with site-specific meteorologic measurements, could greatly enhance our understanding environmental triggers of phenologic events. In addition, the methods described could easily be adopted by citizen scientists and the general public as well as professionals in the field. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
• Crimmins, M., Crimmins, M. A., & Crimmins, T. M. (2008). Monitoring plant phenology using digital repeat photography. Environmental management, 41(6).
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  Repeated observations of plant phenology have been shown to be important indicators of global change. However, capturing the exact date of key events requires daily observations during the growing season, making phenologic observations relatively labor intensive and costly to collect. One alternative to daily observations for capturing the dates of key phenologic events is repeat photography. In this study, we explored the utility of repeat digital photography for monitoring phenologic events in plants. We provide an illustration of this approach and its utility by placing observations made using repeat digital imagery in context with local meteorologic and edaphic variables. We found that repeat photography provides a reliable, consistent measurement of phenophase. In addition, digital photography offers advantages in that it can be mathematically manipulated to detect and enhance patterns; it can classify objects; and digital photographs can be archived for future analysis. In this study, an estimate of greenness and counts of individual flowers were extracted by way of mathematic algorithms from the photo time series. These metrics were interpreted using meteorologic measurements collected at the study site. We conclude that repeat photography, coupled with site-specific meteorologic measurements, could greatly enhance our understanding environmental triggers of phenologic events. In addition, the methods described could easily be adopted by citizen scientists and the general public as well as professionals in the field.
• Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., Bertelsen, D., & Balmat, J. (2008). Relationships between alpha diversity of plant species in bloom and climatic variables across an elevation gradient. International Journal of Biometeorology, 52(5), 353-366.
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  PMID: 18057965;Abstract: This study analyzes a 20-year record of flowering observations collected near Tucson, Arizona, USA. In contrast to traditional phenological records, this dataset is a record of all species observed in bloom collected in five segments of approximately 1 mile (1.61 km) in length across a 4,158-ft (1,200-m) elevation gradient. The data showed differing seasonal and interannual patterns, demonstrating the influence of climatic factors and elevation on flowering. Miles at higher elevations showed bloom peaks in summer, consistent with temperate and montane communities. Conversely, lower miles demonstrated two distinct flowering seasons, typical of the surrounding Sonoran Desert. Interannual fluctuations in total species observed in bloom were not consistent across the 5 miles (c. 8 km), suggesting that these communities respond to different flowering cues. Consistent with documented flowering triggers in semi-arid systems, the alpha diversity of species in bloom at lower elevations in this study was strongly influenced by precipitation. Upper elevation bloom numbers were heavily influenced by temperature, correspondent with bloom triggers in temperate and montane systems. In general, different life forms exhibited similar bloom triggers within the study miles, believed to be a function of shallow soils. Multivariate community analyses showed that anomalous climate conditions yielded unique seasonal bloom compositions. Over the course of the study, average summer temperature showed an upward trend; the number of species in bloom in summer (July-October) in the highest mile (1,940-2,210 m) demonstrated a concurrent increasing trend. Community analysis suggested a gradual shift in the composition of species in bloom in this mile over the study period. © 2007 ISB.
• Crimmins, T., & Crimmins, M. (2008). The critical role that citizen scientists can play in identifying adaptation strategies to climate change. Arid Lands Newsletter, 25-28.
• Crimmins, M. A., Zaimes, G., Haas, N., Jones, C., & Garfin, G. M. (2007). Changes on the Range: A Novel Exercise to Explore Interactions between Range Management Decision Making and Climate Change. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education, 36, 76--86.
• Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Bertelsen, C. D. (2007). Relationships between alpha diversity of plant species in bloom and climatic variables across an elevation gradient. International Journal of Biometeorology, 52(5), 353-366.
• Holden, Z. A., Morgan, P., Crimmins, M. A., Steinhorst, R. K., & Smith, A. M. (2007). Fire season precipitation variability influences fire extent and severity in a large southwestern wilderness area, United States. Geophysical Research Letters, 34(16).
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  Abstract: Despite a widely noted increase in the severity of recent western wildfires, this trend has never been quantified. A twenty-year series of Landsat TM satellite imagery for all forest fires on the 1.4 million ha Gila National Forest suggests that an increases in area burned and area burned severely from 1984-2004 are well correlated with timing and intensity of rain events during the fire season. Winter precipitation was marginally correlated with burn severity, but only in high-elevation forest types. These results suggest the importance of within-season precipitation over snow pack in modulating recent wildfire size and severity in mid-elevation southwestern forests. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.
• Holden, Z., Morgan, P., Crimmins, M. A., Steinhorst, R. K., & Smith, A. M. (2007). Fire Season Precipitation Variability Influences Fire Extent and Severity in a Large Southwestern Wilderness Area. Geophysical Research Letters, 34(16).
• Crimmins, M. A. (2006). A Synoptic Climatological Analysis of Extreme Fire Weather Conditions Across the Southwest United States. International Journal of Climatology, 26(8), 1001--1016.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2006). Synoptic climatology of extreme fire-weather conditions across the southwest United States. International Journal of Climatology, 26(8), 1001-1016.
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  Abstract: Extreme fire-weather conditions are usually thought of as discrete events rather than part of a continuum of meteorological and climatological variability. This study uses a synoptic climatological approach (weather typing) to examine the seasonal climatology of extreme fire-weather conditions across the southwest United States (Arizona and New Mexico) during the period of 1988-2003. Three key circulation patterns representing broad southwesterly flow and large geopotential height gradients are associated with over 80% of the extreme fire-weather days identified in this study. Seasonal changes in relative humidity levels, strength of height gradient, and geopotential heights all modulate the relationship between these key circulation patterns and extreme fire-weather days. Examination of daily incident summaries for three recent wildfires (May 2000, June 2002 and June 2003) shows that wildfire activity can be strongly regulated by these critical fire-weather circulation patterns. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
• Crimmins, M. A., & Comrie, A. C. (2004). Interactions between antecedent climate and wildfire variability across south-eastern Arizona. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 13(4), 455-466.
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  Abstract: Long-term antecedent climate conditions are often overlooked as important drivers of wildfire variability. Fuel moisture levels and fine-fuel productivity are controlled by variability in precipitation and temperature at long timescales (months to years) before wildfire events. This study examines relationships between wildfire statistics (total area burned and total number of fires) aggregated for south-eastern Arizona and antecedent climate conditions relative to 29 fire seasons (April-May-June) between 1973 and 2001. High and low elevation fires were examined separately to determine the influence of climate variability on dominant fuel types (low elevation grasslands with fine fuels v. high elevation forests with heavy fuels). Positive correlations between lagged precipitation and total area burned highlight the importance of climate in regulating fine fuel production for both high and low elevation fires. Surprisingly, no significant negative correlations between precipitation and seasonal wildfire statistics were found at any seasonal lag. Drought conditions were not associated with higher area burned or a greater number of fires. Larger low elevation fires were actually associated with wet antecedent conditions until just before the fire season. Larger high elevation fires were associated with wet conditions during seasons up to 3 years before the fire season.
• Crimmins, M. A., & Comrie, A. C. (2004). Wildfire-Climate Interactions Across Southeast Arizona. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 13, 455--466.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2003). Cloud-to-ground Lightning in Southern Michigan: 1985-1995. Great Lakes Geographer, 10, 1--10.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2003). Cloud-to-ground lightning in southern Michigan: 1985-1995. Great Lakes Geographer, 10(1), 1-10.
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  Abstract: Lightning has a profound impact on many aspects of modern day society. Understanding its spatial distributions is fundamental in learning to coexist with its tremendous power. This study examined the spatial distribution of cloud-to-ground lightning over southern Michigan using data provided by DTE Energy Corporation in Detroit, Michigan. Flash density and 'lightning day' maps were produced for every year of the 1985 to 1995 study period and then averaged to determine long-term trends. A temporal analysis determined the distribution of lightning from the inter-annual to the diurnal scale. The spatial analysis uncovered both climatological patterns in lightning strikes and limitations in the efficiency of the lightning detection system. High inter-annual variability and a well-defined diurnal cycle are presented in the temporal analysis. The mean flash density for southern Michigan was determined to be 1.99 flashes per year/km2, while the mean days with lightning per year in each analysis grid cell was 3.46 days.

Proceedings Publications

• Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Bertelsen, C. D. (2012, May). Temporal patterns in species flowering in Sky Islands of the Sonoran Desert ecoregion.. In Merging science and management in a rapidly changing world: biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago III., 33-39.
• Shepard, C., Rasmussen, C. -., Crimmins, M. A., & Schaap, M. G. (2013, Fall). Soil modulation of ecosystem response to climate forcing across the Desert Southwest. In American Geophysical Union Fall Meetings.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2004, June). High-Resolution Climate Monitoring on a Mountain Island: The Saguaro National Park Pilot Study. In Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago II: Connecting Mountain Islands and Desert Seas.
• Crimmins, M. A., & Mau-Crimmins, T. M. (2003, june). Climate Variability and Plant Response at the Santa Rita Experimental Range, Arizona. In Santa Rita Experimental Range: 100 Years (1903 to 2003) of Accomplishments and Contributions, RMRS-P-30, 111--115.

Presentations

• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, April). Arizona Climate. Master Gardener Program. Payson, AZ: Gila County Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, April). Arizona Climate. Master Gardener Program. Globe, AZ: Gila County Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, April). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. PCMN Training Course. Tucson, AZ: Pima County Master Naturalist.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, August). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present and Future3. 31st Annual Southwest Wings Birding and Nature Festival. Sierra Vista, AZ: Southwest Wings.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, August). Hydroclimate of the Colorado River Basin. Annual Conference. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, Fall). Review of 2022 North American Monsoon. Winter Outlook Workshop. Online: California Department of Water Resources.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, January). Arizona Climate Update: Where are we now and where are we headed?. SWIAA Winter Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Southwest Indian Agricultural Association.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, January). How hot? How dry? Status of southwestern US climate change science and expected impacts. Arizona TNC Strategic Planning Seminar. Online: The Nature Conservancy.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, January). Rain Gauges for Range Monitoring. Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management. Online: Society for Range Management.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, July). Drought monitoring tools for Arizona Rangelands. Arizona Cattlegrowers Summer Meeting. Prescott, AZ: Arizona Cattlegrowers.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, June). myRAINge Log: A Tool for Rangeland Precipitation Monitoring. Drought Learning Network Meeting. Santa Ana Pueblo, NM: USDA-ARS.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, March). Arizona Climate Update: Water Year 2021 and look forward. SWVMA Spring Meeting. Online: Southwest Vegetation Management Association.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, May). Applied Fire-Climate Research for the Southwest U.S.. Scientific Session: Wildfires. Online: University of Arizona Earth Dynamics Observatory.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, May). Weather and Climate Forecasts: Current Challenges and Future Prospects. Spring Education Seminar. Phoenix, AZ: Cactus and Pine Chapter of the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, May). myRAINge Log: A tool for rangeland precipitation monitoring. Annual Meeting of the Southwest Drought Learning Network. Las Cruces, NM: Southwest Drought Learning Network.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, November). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at past, present, and future. Tohono Chul Docent Training. Tucson, AZ: Tohono Chul.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, October). Tools and Strategies for Drought Monitoring in Arizona. Drought Response Planning Workshop for Small Towns. Online: University of Arizona Water Resources Research Center.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, February). Global climate modeling and projections for the SW US. Southwest Ag Summit. Yuma, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021). Arizona Climate: Observations, impacts, and projections. Highlands Center for Natural History Education Webinar. Prescott, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, April). Arizona Climate Update: Where are we now and where are we headed?. The 7th Arizona Alfalfa and Forage Crops Workshop. Phoenix, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, April). Arizona Climate: Observations, impacts, and projections. Arizona Senior Academy Webinar. Tucson, AZ: Academy Village.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, April). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. PCMN Training. Tucson: Pima County Master Naturalists.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, April). Rain Gauges for Range Monitoring: Co-developing tools and best practices for ranch-scale drought direction. Precision Ranching Technologies Webinar. Las Cruces, NM: SW Climate Hub - USDA.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, April). myRAINge Log: Tool for monitoring precipitation on rangelands. WERA 1012 meeting (Managing and Utilizing Precipitation Observations from Volunteer Networks). Fort Collins, CO: USDA WERA.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, August). A review of the 2020 North American Monsoon and SW US drought conditions. Exceptional Drought and Historic Extremes in the U.S. West (NIDIS Webinar). Denver, CO: American Water Works Association.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, August). Arizona Climate: Observations, impacts, and projections. Ambassadors of Sustainability Training Session. Tucson, AZ: Sustainable Tucson.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, August). Filling in the gaps: Volunteer observations improve precipitation monitoring across Arizona. Garden and Country Extension Webinar SeriesUniversity of Arizona Cooperative Extension Gila County.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, August). Monsoon 2021: SW US Update. NIDIS Southwest Drought Briefing. Tucson, AZ: National Integrated Drought Information System.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, August). Monsoon Season in Arizona. Daring Adventures Online Meeting. Tucson, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, February). Arizona Climate Update: Where are we now and where are we headed?. 2021 Virtual Weather & Water Use Efficiency Webinar. Phoenix, AZ: Golf Course Superintendents Association of America.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, February). Arizona Climate Update: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Southwest Ag Summit. Yuma, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, February). Arizona Climate Update: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Southwest Indian Agricultural Business Promotion and Assistance Program. Tucson, AZ: Southwest Indian Agricultural Association.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, February). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Tohono Chul Docent Training. Tucson, AZ: Tohono Chul Nature Center.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, February). Monitoring Precipitation on Rangelands: Tools, Strategies, and Best Practices. Drought management webinar series. Las Cruces, NM: SW Climate Hub - USDA.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, January). Rain Gauges for Range Monitoring: Co-developing Tools and Best Practices for Ranch-Scale Drought Detection. UofA Biosystems Engineering Departmental Seminar. Tucson, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, January). Recent Weather/Climate and La Niña/Seasonal Outlook for Spring. The 2021 UArizona Cooperative Extension Field Crops “Clinics”. Phoenix, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, July). A quick overview of the North American Monsoon System. Sky Island Alliance Coffee Break Webinar. Tucson, AZ: Sky Island Alliance.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, July). Station-based drought monitoring tool for Arizona. Monitoring Technical Committee Quarterly Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona Governor's Drought Task Force.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, June). Arizona Climate Update: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Extension ANR meeting. Phoenix, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, June). Climate Assessment for the Southwest: Climate services for drought monitoring and planning in the SW US. Partners in Drought Planning and Services Webinar. Salt Lake City, UT: NOAA National Weather Service.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, March). Drought update for Arizona. Drought Learning Network - Spring Meeting. Tucson, AZ: USDA SW Climate Hub.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, March). Rain Gauges for Range Monitoring: Co-developing tools and best practices for ranch-scale drought direction. Climate Change Education: A Cross-cutting Issue in Natural Resource Extension Programing. Tucson, AZ: USDA RREA webinar series.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, March). The SPI Explorer Tool: Deep dive into local drought conditions. USDA Rangeland Tech Summit. Online: USDA.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, March). myRAINge Log: Tool for monitoring precipitation on rangelands. USDA Rangeland Tech Summit. Online: USDA.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, May). Drought in Arizona: Observations, impacts, and projections. Arizona Native Plant Society Meeting. Tucson, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, November). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Tohono Chul Docent Training. Tucson, AZ: Tohonol Chul Nature Center.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, November). Monsoon 2021: Southern AZ Recap. Santa Cruz Watershed Collaborative Meeting. Tucson, AZ: Santa Cruz Watershed Collaborative.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, November). Rain Gauges for Range Monitoring: Co-developing Tools and Best Practices for Ranch-Scale Drought Detection. Seminar Series Invitation: Advances in Remote Sensing-based Products and Tools for Rangeland Management, Monitoring, and Planning. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona and USDA-ARS.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, October). Adventures in Climate Extension: Tales from the Southwest U.S.. Department of Geography, Environment, and Tourism Alumni Achievement Award Presentation. Kalamazoo, MI: Western Michigan University.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, October). Co-developing Tools and Best Practices for Ranch-Scale Drought Monitoring. Climate Service Providers Academy. Tucson, AZ: American Society of Adaptation Professionals.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, October). Tracking weather and climate for urban agricultural applications. The 2021 UArizona Urban Ag/Beginner Farmer Seminar. Phoenix, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A., McMahan, B., Guido, Z. S., Holmgren, W. F., & Iniguez, P. (2021, April). Exploring ways to track and characterize monsoon season variability across the Southwest U.S.. 18th Annual Climate Prediction Applications Science Workshop. Phoenix, AZ: NOAA.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, April). Arizona Climate: Observations, impacts, and projections. Master Naturalists – Arizona Pima County Chapter Training Course. Online: Master Naturalists – Arizona Pima County Chapter.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, August). Arizona Climate Update and Drought Outlook. Small-scale farmers colloquium. Online: Yavapai County Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, February). Monitoring Precipitation on Rangelands: Tools, Strategies, and Best Practices. Safford Farm, Home and Ranch Day. Safford, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, February). Southwest Desert Climate Update: Where are we now and where are we headed?. 2020 Desert Agronomy Meeting. Yuma, AZ: Helena Ag.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, February). The Climate of Southeast Arizona: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Safford Farm, Home and Ranch Day. Safford, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, January). Arizona Climate: Observations, impacts, and projections. SWIAA 32nd Annual Conference. Laughlin, NV: Southwest Indian Ag Association.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, January). Arizona Drought Update. 2020 Winter Meeting. Wickenburg, AZ: Arizona Section for the Society for Range Management.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, January). Drought Monitoring Tools for Arizona Rangelands. 2020 Winter Meeting. Wickenburg, AZ: Arizona Section for the Society for Range Management.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, June). Arizona Drought Update. Drought in the Southwest: Current Conditions and Outlooks Webinar Series. Online: Southwest USDA Climate Hub.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, June). Climate Update and Monsoon Outlook for Southern Arizona. Tucson Climate Monthly Meeting. Online: Tucson Climate Group.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, March). Arizona Climate. Payson Master Gardener Course. Online: Gila County Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, March). Heat waves in a changing climate. Ecosystem Resilience Event on the impacts of heat waves on ecosystems. Online: Center for Climate Adaptation Science and Solutions.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, May). Extension perspective: Rangelands and Climate in the Southwest U.S.. Rangeland Resilience Project Meeting. Online: Rangeland Resilience Project Working Group.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, November). Western U.S. Drought Update and Climate Outlook. Rangeland Partnership Monthly Meeting. Online: Global Rangelands Partnership.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, October). A review of the 2020 North American Monsoon season. Brown Bag Seminar. Online: Laboratory for Tree Ring Research.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, October). Arizona Climate Update and Monsoon Outlook. 2020 Climate and Drought Outlook for Beef Producers Webinar. Online: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, October). Drought monitoring and prediction tools for range management. Tonto National Forest - Drought Planning Meeting. Online: US Forest Service.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, October). Monsoon review and drought status update: Arizona. Arizona & New Mexico Monsoon Recap and Winter Drought Outlook. Online: National Integrated Drought Information System.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, October). Rain Gauges for Range Monitoring: Codeveloping Tools and Best Practices for Ranch-Scale Drought Detection. North American Drought Summit. Online: Commission for Environmental Cooperation.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, September). Drought Monitoring Tools for Arizona Rangelands. WERA 102 Meeting. Online: WERA 102 Extension Working Group.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020, September). Southeast Arizona Climate Variability and Change. Sierra Lutheran Church Climate Change Webinar Series. Online: Sierra Lutheran Church.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, April). Climate Change 101. STEM on the Range: Climate Change Teacher Training. Green Valley, AZ: University of Arizona.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, April). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Pima County Master Naturalist Training Program. Tucson, AZ: Pima County Master Naturalist Program.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, April). Monitoring Precipitation on Rangelands: Tools, Strategies, and Best Practices. Rangeland Precipitation Monitoring Training Workshop. Willcox, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, April). Rain Gauges for Monitoring: Co-developing tools and best practices for ranch-scale drought direction. SWES Colloquium Series. Tucson, AZ: Department of Environmental Science.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, August). A quick overview of the North American Monsoon. Melissa's Produce Update Meeting. Tucson, AZ: Melissa's Produce.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, August). Monitoring Precipitation on Rangelands: Tools, Strategies, and Best Practices. Society for Range Management - Arizona Section Summer Meeting. Show Low, AZ: AZ-SRM.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, February). Drought in Arizona: Observations, impacts, and projections. Citizen's Water Advisory Group Meeting. Prescott, AZ: CWAG.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, February). Filling in the gaps: Volunteer observations improve precipitation monitoring across Arizona. Data in Everyday Life: Citizen Science - Speaker Showcase. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Library.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, January). Climate of the Upper Gila River Watershed: Past, Present, and Future. Upper Gila Watershed Annual Forum. Safford, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, January). Rain Gauges for Range Monitoring: Co-developing Tools and Best Practices for Ranch-Scale Drought Detection. American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: American Meteorological Society.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, July). Why is Arizona’s climate so cool (or hot)?. H2O What do you know? 4H workshop. Safford, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, March). Developing a drought monitoring playbook for Arizona rangelands. Drought Monitoring Meeting. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona and USDA-NRCS.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, March). Drought Monitoring Tools for Arizona Rangelands. Monitoring and Reporting Drought in Arizona. Phoenix, AZ: USDA SW Climate Hub.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, March). Drought monitoring in Arizona’s changing hydroclimate. 2019 Southwest Extreme Precipitation Symposium. La Jolla, CA: Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, May). Monitoring Precipitation on Rangelands: Tools, Strategies, and Best Practices. Beginning Ranchers Forage and Monitoring Workshop. Flagstaff, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, May). State of the Cienega Watershed: Climate Perspective. State of the Cienega Watershed 2019. Tucson, AZ: Cienega Watershed Partnership.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, November). Arizona’s challenging and changing hydroclimate. Healthy Forests—Healthy Watersheds. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Laboratory of Tree Ring Research.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, November). Northern AZ Climate: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Hopi Dry Farmers Forum. Kykotsmovi, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, October). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Tohono Chul Docent Training Program. Tucson, AZ: Tohono Chul Botanical Gardens.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, September). Arizona Climate: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Project WET Annual Meeting. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Hall, A. L. (2018, July). Developing Resources to Improve Rancher Drought Adaptability in the Southwest. National Association of County Agriculture Agents Conference. Chattanooga, TN: National Association of County Agriculture Agents.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, April). Arizona Climate. Arizona Master Naturalists Training Course. Tucson, AZ: Arizona Master Naturalists – Pima County Chapter.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, April). Monitoring Precipitation on Rangelands: Tools, Strategies, and Best Practices. AZ/UT RANGE LIVESTOCK WORKSHOP & TOUR. Hurricane, UT: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Utah State University Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, April). Monitoring Precipitation on Rangelands: Tools, Strategies, and Best Practices. AZ/UT RANGE LIVESTOCK WORKSHOP & TOUR. Oroville, UT: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Utah State Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, April). The Climate of Southeast Arizona: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Graham County Master Gardener Course. Safford, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, August). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Borderlands Restoration Institute Field School. Patagonia, AZ: Borderlands Restoration Institute.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, August). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Southwest Wing Annual Conference. Sierra Vista, AZ: Arizona Audubon Society.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, December). Arizona Climate. Tohono Chul Docent Training Class. Tucson, AZ: Tohono Chul Botanical Gardens.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, December). Monitoring Precipitation on Rangelands: Tools, Strategies, and Best Practices. Rangeland Precipitation Monitoring Workshop. Clifton, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, December). Rain gauges for range monitoring: Co-developing drought monitoring tools and best practices with ranchers and land managers in Arizona. SEACAMS Monthly Meeting. Tucson, AZ: Southeast Arizona Chapter of the American Meteorological Society.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, February). An introduction to myRAINge Log. Graham County Farm-Home-Ranch Day. Safford, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, February). An overview of the Rainlog.Org volunteer precipitation monitoring program. Arizona Municipal Water Users Association - Conservation Committee Meeting. Gilbert, AZ: AMWUA.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, February). Arizona Climate: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Tucson Audubon Society Speaker Series. Tucson, AZ: Tucson Audubon Society.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, February). Climate Change and Cooperative Extension: On the front lines in a warming world. Integrating Climate Change in California Cooperative Extension Programs Workshop. Parlier, CA: University of California’s Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources (UC ANR).
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, February). Long Range Weather Forecasts: Current Challenges & Future Prospects. 2018 Southwest Ag Summit. Yuma, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, January). Arizona Weather & Climate 101. Annual High Desert Gardening & Landscaping Conference. Sierra Vista, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, January). Arizona’s Climate: Past, Present and Future. Water Wise Speaker Series. Sierra Vista: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, January). Climate Change 101. Climate Change Education Short Course. Globe, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, January). Climate Change 101. Climate Change Education Short Course. Payson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, January). Drought and Southeast Arizona: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Brush Management Workshop. Green Valley, AZ: Global Rangelands Partnership.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, June). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. UA OLLI Seminar Series. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Osher Lifelong Learning Institute.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, June). Decade of extremes: A look back at the weather and climate of southeastern Arizona. SCIENCE ON THE SONOITA PLAIN 2018. Sonoita, AZ: Las Cienegas Watershed Partnership.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, June). Drought Monitoring in Practice. CLIMATE AND COWS WORKSHOP - BUILDING A CLIMATE TOOLBOX FOR RANGE MANAGEMENT. Tucson, AZ: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, May). Monitoring Precipitation on Rangelands: Tools, Strategies, and Best Practices. WERA 1012 - Managing and Utilizing Precipitation Monitoring Networks Annual Conference. Estes Park, CO: Colorado State University.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, November). Arizona Climate. Climate and your garden short course. Payson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, November). Arizona Climate. Climate and your garden short-course. Globe, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, October). Drought in Arizona: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Agriculture and Natural Resources In-Service Training. Maricopa, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, September). Drought in Central Arizona: Where are we now and where are we headed?. SUPERIOR COMMUNITY WORKING GROUP September Monthly Meeting. Superior, AZ: Superior Community Working Group.
• Crimmins, M. A., & Crimmins, T. M. (2018, December). Does an early spring mean an early summer?. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. Washington, DC.
• Crimmins, M. A., McKellar, T., Schaap, M. G., & Rasmussen, C. (2018, January). Tracking drought across the SW in a changing climate. Climate Assessment for the Southwest Seminar Series. Tucson, AZ: CLIMAS.
• Crimmins, T. M., & Crimmins, M. A. (2018, December). Does an early spring mean an early summer?. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. 10-14 December, Washington, DC.. Washington, DC.: American Geophysical Union.
• Ferguson, D. B., & Crimmins, M. A. (2018, June). Recent Drought and Long Terms Trends in the Four Corners. HOPI DROUGHT TASK TEAM MEETING. Kykotsmovi, AZ: Hopi Department of Natural Resources.
• Weiss, J. L., & Crimmins, M. A. (2018, July). SE AZ Drought Assessment. NAP Drought Assessment Meeting. Willcox, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, April). Climate Science and Cooperative Extension: Developing climate services for the 21st century. Environmental Breakfast Club Seminar Series. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona College of Law.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, August). An overview of myRAINge Log: Web tool for tracking precipitation on rangelands. Informational Workshop for Grazing Permittees on the Coronado National Forest. Sonoita, AZ: Coronado National Forest - U.S. National Forest Service.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, August). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Southwest Wings Festival. Sierra Vista, AZ: Arizona Audubon.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, January). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Pima County Master Naturalist Training Course. Tucson, AZ: Pima County Master Naturalist.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, July). An overview of myRAINge Log. Arizona Cattlemen's College. Prescott, AZ: Arizona Cattlemen's Association.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, June). Climate Science and Cooperative Extension: Developing climate services for the 21st century. Hawaii Extension Climate Forum: Sharing Climate Knowledge, Supporting Our Communities. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii at Manoa.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, June). Monitoring Precipitation on Rangelands: Tools, Strategies, and Best Practices. Rangeland Precipitation Monitoring Workshop. Miami, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, October). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Tohono O'chul Docent Training Course. Tucson, AZ: Tohono O'chul Nature Center.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, September). Arizona Climate: Past, Present, and Future. Keep Sedona Beautiful Environmental Speaker Series. Sedona, AZ: Keep Sedona Beautiful.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, September). Arizona Climate. Graham County Master Gardener Course. Safford, AZ: Graham County Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, September). Climate Change 101. Tohono O'odham Emergency Management Conference. San Xavier, AZ: Tohono O'odham Emergency Management.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, September). Drought and the Upper Gila River Watershed: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Upper Gila River State of the Watershed Meeting. Safford, AZ: UofA Water Resources Research Center.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, September). Drought on the Colorado Plateau: Historical patterns and new ways to monitor. Tribes and Drought: Adapting to a Changing Climate. Flagstaff, AZ: Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, September). Tracking drought in a changing climate. 14th Biennial Conference of Science & Management on the Colorado Plateau & Southwest Region. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University.
• Crimmins, M. A., Crimmins, M. A., McKellar, T., McKellar, T., Rasmussen, C., Rasmussen, C., Schaap, M. G., Schaap, M. G., Ferguson, D. B., & Ferguson, D. B. (2017, September). Evaluating Existing and Developing New Drought Indices Using Modeled Soil Moisture Time Series. Climate Assessment for the Southwest - New Project Showcase. Tucson, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest.
• Crimmins, M. A., Hawkes, K., & Mcclaran, M. P. (2017, Summer). Collaborative Drought Preparation Project Review.. Cattlemens College. Prescott: Arizona Cattle Growers Association.
• Crimmins, M. A., McKellar, T., Schaap, M. G., Rasmussen, C., & Ferguson, D. B. (2017, March). Evaluating drought indices using modeled soil moisture time series. Climate Assessment for the Southwest Spring Meeting. Tucson, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest.
• Tolleson, D., & Crimmins, M. A. (2017, February). APPLICATION OF WEB-BASED CLIMATE INFORMATION TOOLS FOR THE EDWARDS PLATEAU REGION OF TEXAS. Society for Range Management Annual Meeting. St. George, UT: Society for Range Management.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, April). Arizona Climate. Gila County Master Gardener's Course. Globe, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, April). Arizona Climate. Gila County Master Watershed Steward's Course. Globe, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, April). Climate Science and Cooperative Extension: Developing climate services for the 21st century. University of Arizona School of Geography and Development Research Seminar. Tucson, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, April). Drought in Arizona: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Verde River Basin Partnership Spring Public Meeting. Clarkdale, AZ: Verde River Basin Partnership.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, April). Southeast AZ Ag-Weather/Climate Working Group. Academic/Federal Research: Hydro-Atmo Science RectTable. Tucson, AZ: USGS.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, April). What if we didn’t have any long-term climate records?. 'What If?' Speaker Series at Biosphere 2. Oracle, AZ: Biosphere 2.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, December). Climate Change and Cooperative Extension: On the front lines in a warming world. Southwest Extension Climate Workshop. Tucson, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, February). Southeast AZ Ag-Weather/Climate Working Group. NOAA RISA Annual Meeting. Tucson, AZ: NOAA Climate Program Office.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, February). What does a drought monitoring toolbox for the Tonto National Forest look like? – Part II. Workshop III - Using a co-development process to improve, integrate and encourage use of drought information and adaptive management of livestock grazing on National Forests. Payson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, January). 2015-16 Climate Review and Outlook. Community Watershed Alliance Winter Meeting. Benson, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, January). Arizona Climate. Graham County Master Gardener's Course. Safford, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, June). Climate Science and Cooperative Extension: Developing climate services for the 21st century. Climate Services Roundtable with Carribean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology. Tucson, AZ: International Research and Applications Project.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, June). Developing tools and strategies for ranch-scale drought detection. Workshop I - Developing tools for monitoring precipitation and supporting ranch-scale drought detection. Payson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, March). Exploring GDD relationships with NPN Observations. Phenology Model Workshop. Tucson, AZ: USA National Phenology Network.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, May). Drought in Arizona: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Headed?. University of Arizona Herbarium Lunch Speaker Series. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Herbarium.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, November). Arizona Climate. Gila County Master Gardener's Course. Payson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, November). Developing tools and strategies for ranch-scale drought detection- Part II. Workshop II - Developing tools for monitoring precipitation and supporting ranch-scale drought detection. Payson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, October). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Tohono Chul Docent Training Course. Tucson, AZ: Tohono Chul Park.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, September). Building a drought monitoring toolbox for AZ: Experimental Tools and Programs. Intermountain West Drought Early Warning System Drought & Climate Outlook. Oracle, AZ: National Integrated Drought Information System.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, September). Climate Science Extension for Arizona ranchers and range managers. USDA WERA-102 Annual Meeting. Las Cruces, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, September). Drought in Northern Arizona: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Headed?. COCONINO COUNTY RANGELAND MONITORING WORKSHOP. Flagstaff, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2016, September). Drought in Northern Arizona: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Headed?. MOHAVE COUNTY RANGELAND MONITORING WORKSHOP. Kingman, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Tolleson, D., & Crimmins, M. A. (2016, April). Using climate data to proactively manage drought in the southwest. AZ/UT Range Livestock Workshop. St. George, UT: UA Cooperative Extension.
• Bernau, C., Tolleson, D. R., Crimmins, M. A., Schafer, D. W., Groseta, A., & Malouff, E. (2015, February). Spatial and Temporal Variability in Precipitation During an Arizona Monsoon. Society for Range Management Annual Meeting. Sacramento, CA.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, April). Arizona Climate. Gila County Master Gardener Program. Globe, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, August). Using the WestWide Drought Tracker for Drought Monitoring in Arizona. Arizona Section of the Society for Range Management Summer Meeting. Prescott, AZ: Arizona Section of the Society for Range Management.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, December). Arizona Climate and the Future: Seasonal Outlooks to Long-term Projections. Predictive Aboriculture Meeting by Western Chapter of the International Society of Arborists. Mesa, AZ: Western Chapter of the International Society of Arborists.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, February). Climate Extension in Arizona: A Brief Overview. USDA Climate Hub Extension Meeting. Davis, CA: USDA Southwest Regional Climate Hub.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, January). A quick look at climate variability and change across Arizona. SWIAA 27th Annual Conference. Tucson, AZ: Southwest Indian Agriculture Association.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, January). Arizona Droughts: Where have we been and what have we learned?. Arizona Section of the Society for Range Management - Winter Meeting. Tucson, AZ: Arizona Section of the Society for Range Management.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, July). A brief overview of Hopi climate. Hopi Drought Task Force Meeting. Kykotsmovi, AZ: Hopi Department of Natural Resources.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, June). Drought in Arizona: Where are we now and where are we headed?(El Niño Edition). Southwest Indian Agriculture Association Winter Meeting. Flagstaff, AZ: Southwest Indian Agriculture Association.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, March). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Rose Society of Tucson - Monthly Meeting. Tucson, AZ: Rose Society of Tucson.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, March). Drought in Southeast Arizona: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Safford Farm and Ranch Day. Safford, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, March). What does a drought monitoring toolbox for the Tonto National Forest look like?. Drought Monitoring Workshop - Tonto National Forest. Globe, AZ: University of Arizona.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, May). Do-it-yourself Weather Monitoring. Agricultural Weather and Climate Workshop. Willcox, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension and NOAA-National Weather Service.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, October). El Nino 2015-16. University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Fall Faculty and Staff Luncheon. Tucson, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, September). El Niño 2015-16: Godzilla or Mothra?. University of Arizona WRRC Brown Bag Seminar. Tucson, AZ: Water Resources Research Center.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, September). Overview of Climate Data. CLIMAS Working Meeting with Tucson Electric Power. Tucson, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest.
• Crimmins, M. A., Tolleson, D. R., & Bernau, C. (2015, March). Exploring summer season precipitation monitoring strategies for Arizona ranchers and range managers. Climate Prediction and Applications Sciences Workshop. Las Cruces, NM: NOAA Climate Services Division.
• Crimmins, M. A., Tolleson, D. R., & Bernau, C. (2015, November). Exploring summer season precipitation monitoring strategies for Arizona ranchers and range managers. 2015 Southwest Climate Summit. Sacramento, AZ: DOI Southwest Climate Science Center.
• Crimmins, M. A., Tolleson, D. R., & Bernau, C. (2015, October). Exploring summer season precipitation monitoring strategies for Arizona ranchers and range managers. 2015 Biennial Conference of Science and Management on the Colorado Plateau. Flagstaff, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A., Weiss, J. L., & Garfin, G. M. (2015, December). Climate and Geospatial Extension. University of Arizona Extension Administration Retreat. Tucson, AZ.
• Rango, A., Crimmins, M. A., Elias, E., Steele, C., & Weiss, J. L. (2015, December). Connecting stakeholders and climate science: a summary of farmer, rancher and forester climate data needs and climate change attitudes. 2015 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. San Francisco: American Geophysical Union.
• Swann, D., Springer, A., & Crimmins, M. A. (2015, March). Results of >70 years of monitoring the saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea) in Saguaro National Park. Parks Science Summit. Berkeley, CA: University of California-Berkeley.
• Weiss, J. L., & Crimmins, M. A. (2015, March). Tailoring the Data Process to Regional Climate Information Needs: From Comparisons and Code to Transformations and Tools. Climate Prediction Applications Science Workshop. New Mexico State University.
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  Advances in data collection and generation have resulted in a rapid increase in both the amount and types of weather and climate data over recent decades. These massive quantities of atmospheric and surface data, in combination with present-day information needs in agriculture and water resources, offer numerous applied research and climate service opportunities. Possibilities with current data include addressing emerging drought conditions and revisiting long-standing issues such as frosts and freezes in new analytical ways. With these opportunities, there may be several steps in the data process such as selection, procurement, analysis, and dissemination. We find that each of these steps can result in often simple data or data-related products that are immediately usable for part of the range of stakeholders. For instance, our experience suggests that these products might be brief comparisons of gridded surface-weather data, code for subsetting large, remote data to variables or geographical areas of interest, data transformed for use in a geographical information system, or Web map applications for data visualization. Through examples of weather hazards in the Southwest, we demonstrate how tailoring the data process in this manner meets regional climate information needs.
• Bieda, S., Comrie, A. C., Crimmins, M. A., Byerle, L., & Brost, J. (2014, October). Flash Flood Causing Mechanisms of the North American Monsoon in the Sonoran Desert. 39th Annual Meeting of the National Weather Association. Salt Lake City, UT: National Weather Association.
  More info

  The relationship of flash flood reports to gulf surges and upper-tropospheric troughs are explored based on the variability of hourly precipitation and lightning data over the southwestern United States from 1996 to 2011. Using a variety of upper-level, mid-level and surface level datasets, chi-square analysis, Student's t-test and Monte Carlo field significance tests are conducted to determine whether the presence of synoptic-scale and mesoscale features provide a significant enhancement to the convective environment. This method is used in 3-hourly normalized time steps to determine the environment that can be expected when inverted troughs, gulf surges, the presence of both features or the absence of both features are expected utilizing precipitation and lightning fields. The National Weather Service Storm Reports are explored for instances of short-term, heavy precipitation flood events, to include flash floods, heavy precipitation, and urban and small stream floods. These reports were found to have a statistically significant relationship when compared against a climatological database of inverted troughs and gulf surges. When inverted troughs and gulf surges are present in the study region, a statistically significant increase of both lightning counts and precipitation totals were found. When neither feature was recorded, a significant downturn of both lightning counts and precipitation were noted. These results point to potential "burst" period mechanisms during the monsoon season, specifically with regards to synoptic-scale disturbances and gulf surges over the study domain.
• Brice, R., Woodhouse, C. A., & Crimmins, M. A. (2014, September). Understanding sub-annual tree-ring climate records and the impacts of climate extremes in the Four Corners region, USA. Association of Pacific Coast Geographers Meeting. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona School of Geography and Development.
  More info

  In the Four Corners region of the American Southwest inter-seasonal variations in duration, intensity and timing of precipitation and temperature are important to cultural and agricultural activities. Annual precipitation totals may often obscure intra-seasonal spatial and temporal moisture variability, masking the dominant features of droughts and drought impacts to tribes in the region. Because instrumental climate data are limited, we explore the potential for earlywood and latewood tree-ring measurements in Psuedotsuga menziesii and Pinus ponderosa to serve as drought impact recorders of long-term drought and climate variability in this region. First, we examine relationships between tree rings and indices of climate extremes in precipitation and temperature from the World Meteorological Organization. Second, focusing on specific seasons and climate variables most likely to contribute to the severity of drought impacts, we explore the possibility to reconstruct these seasonal climate conditions prior to the instrumental record. Finally, we investigate the correspondence between synoptic scale climate dynamics operating on inter-annual to decadal time scales and specific droughts. If tree-ring measurements can be used as a proxy for drought impacts, reflecting combinations of seasonal elements of drought, then reconstructions can document impacts during periods of drought in the Four Corners over past centuries.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, April). Arizona Climate. Yuma County Master Gardener Course. Yuma, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, August). A quick look at climate variability and change across Arizona’s High Country. Workshop on Synergistic Economic Development, Forest Health, Rangeland Improvement, and Wildland Fire Mitigation Challenges and Outcomes due to Forest Restoration in the White Mountains. Show Low, AZ: Arizona Section of the Society for Range Management and University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, August). An intro to Arizona weather and climate. 20th Annual Maricopa County Short Course. Phoenix, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, December). A quick look at climate variability and change across Arizona. NRCS Resources Conservation Act Roundtable Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: USDA NRCS & The Farm Foundation.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, December). Rain Days to Dry Spells: Exploring New Ways to Track Drought Across the Southwest U.S.. UA Science Cafe - Downtown Science Series. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona College of Science.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, February). Arizona Climate. Gila County Master Watershed Steward Course. Globe, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, February). Climate Change and Arizona: A Brief Overview. Living Gently on the Land Educational Series - Appleton-Whitell Research Ranch. Sonoita, AZ: National Audubon Society.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, July). A brief look at the climate of Northern Arizona: 1914-2014. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension’s Northern Arizona Centennial Celebration. Mahan Park, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, July). An intro to Arizona weather and climate. Bureau of Indian Affairs Water Resources Training Workshop. Tucson, AZ: Bureau of Indian Affairs.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, July). Summer and Fall Climate Outlook. University of Arizona Water Resources Research Center Brown Bag Lecture Series. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Water Resources Research Center.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, June). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Green Valley Forum Community Speaker Series. Green Valley, AZ: Green Valley Forum.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, June). Tracking climate and drought across Southeast Arizona. Farm and Ranch Weather and Climate Workshop. Willcox, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension & NOAA National Weather Service.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, May). Trans-Pecos Summer Climate Outlook. Texas AgriLife Extension Range Management Workshop. Alpine, TX: Texas AgriLife Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, November). Arizona Climate. Gila County Master Gardener Training Course. Payson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, November). Arizona Climate. Gila County Master Watershed Steward Course. Payson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, November). DroughtView: New Tools for Monitoring Drought across Arizona. Arizona Governor’s Drought Interagency Coordinating Group. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona Department of Water Resources.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, October). Arizona Climate and Precipitation Monitoring. Southeastern Arizona Rangeland Monitoring Workshop. Stockton Pass, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension and USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, October). Climate Science and Cooperative Extension: Developing climate services for the 21st century. School of Natural Resources and Environment Fall Seminar Series. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona School of Natural Resources and Environment.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, October). Monsoon Review and Fall/Winter Climate Outlook. Pima County Regional Flood Control District Monthly Brown Bag Series. Tucson, AZ: Pima County Regional Flood Control District.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, October). Rain Days to Dry Spells: Exploring New Ways to Track Drought Across the Southwest U.S.. 11th RISE Symposium (Research Insights in Semiarid Ecosystems). Tucson, AZ: USDA Agricultural Research Service and University of Arizona.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, September). Arizona Climate. Cochise Master Naturalist Fall 2014 Training Course. Sierra Vista, AZ: Cochise Master Naturalists.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, September). Climate Change and Arizona:A brief overview. 2014 Sonoran Desert Master Gardener Conference. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, September). Climate Change and Southeast Arizona: A brief overview. 2014 Heritage Days. Portal, AZ: Wildlands Network.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014, September). Drought in Southeast Arizona: Where are we now and where are we headed?(El Niño? Edition). Graham County Master Watershed Steward Course - Ecology of the Gila River. Safford, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Bertelsen, C. D. (2014, October). Novel climate-driven species composition shifts across an elevation gradient.. 7th Annual Phenology Research and Observations of Southwest Ecosystems (PROSE) Symposium.. Tucson.
• Woodhouse, C. A., Brice, R., Crimmins, M. A., Griffin, D., Faulstich, H., & Ferguson, D. B. (2014, April). Three-Season Hydroclimatic Variability from Tree Rings in the Four Corners Region, USA. Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Tampa, FL: Association of American Geographers.
  More info

  The seasonal precipitation regime of the Four Corners region of the southwestern US includes a winter wet season and a summer monsoon. The two precipitation seasons are broken by a typically dry fore-summer that precedes the onset of the monsoon in early July. Dryland agriculture and grazing are practiced on tribal lands here; conditions over these three seasons are highly influential to the success of crops and rangeland conditions. Recent decades have been characterized by repeated intervals of severe drought in one or both of the two precipitation seasons, occasionally alleviated by wet fore-summer conditions. The instrumental record provides a subset of the climate conditions possible under natural variability. Tree-ring based reconstructions of cool-season and monsoon precipitation for past centuries have been generated for this region, providing a long-term perspective on the range of drought conditions possible. Here, we investigate the potential for reconstructing conditions in the pre-monsoon season, using not only precipitation totals, but hydroclimatic indices such as number of wet days and length of dry spells. By employing two species of conifers, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and chronologies generated from intra-annual ring widths, we take advantage of the range of climate sensitivities in the two species and earlywood and latewood growth. With a preliminary reconstruction, we evaluate seasonal sequences that occur most commonly, variations in sequences over time, and periods of persistent dry conditions in all three of these seasons that are so critical to tribal livelihoods and natural resources in this region.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, April). An intro to Arizona weather and climate. Annual Spring Turfgrass Seminar. Phoenix, AZ: Maricopa County Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, April). Weather and Climate of the Southwest U.S.. Course on Water Resources of the Colorado River Region. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Osher Lifelong Learning Institute.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, December). Assessing and Supporting Drought Monitoring Needs on the Hopi and Navajo Nations. Webinar Series on: Climate Information for Managing Risks In Water Resources. Silver Springs, MD: NOAA Sectoral Applications Research Program.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, February). Climate Change and Arizona: A brief overview. High on the Desert - Southeast Arizona Master Gardener's Annual Meeting. Sierra Vista, AZ: Cochise County Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, February). Climate Change and Arizona: Past, Present, and Future. Meeting of the Green Valley Forum. Green Valley, AZ: Green Valley Forum.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, February). Climate Science Extension at the University of Arizona. University of Arizona Extension Program Review – Mexican Delegation. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona - USDA.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, February). Drought in Southeast Arizona: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Master Watershed Steward Course - Ecology of the Gila River. Safford, Arizona: Gila County Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, July). An introduction to global climate modeling. Advanced Water Education Workshop: Using Water to Simplify the Complex Interactions of Water in the Valley. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona Project WET – Water Resources Research Center - University of Arizona.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, July). An introduction to global climate modeling. Developing and Using Models in Science Workshop. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona Department of Education.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, June). Arizona Climate. Graham County Master Gardener Course. Safford, AZ: Graham County Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, June). Monsoon Flavors: Looking beyond total seasonal precipitation. CLIMAS Monsoon Media Briefing. Tucson, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, June). Tracking drought in a changing climate. Science on the Sonoita Plain Symposium 2013. Sonoita, AZ: Sonoita Valley Planning Partnership.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, June). Trans-Pecos Summer Climate Outlook. Trans-Pecos Range and Livestock Workshop. Van Horn, TX: Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, March). Tracking a changing climate on the Navajo Nation. Navajo Nation Quarterly Ranchers Meeting. Gallup, NM: Navajo Nation Department of Agriculture.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, November). Arizona Climate. Clifton Master Watershed Steward Course. Clifton, AZ: City of Clifton.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, November). Arizona Climate. Maricopa County Master Watershed Steward Course. Phoenix, AZ: Maricopa County Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, November). Drought in Arizona: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Gila Watershed Partnership Quarterly Meeting. Safford, AZ: Gila Watershed Partnership.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, October). Flagstaff and a Changing Climate. Advancing Climate Adaptation and Resliency Planning in Flagstaf. Flagstaff, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, September). Climate Extremes and the Southwest U.S.. Climate Change Science for Southwestern Broadcast Meteorologists and Weathercasters. Tucson, AZ: CLIMAS & The Yale Forum on Climate Change & The Media.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, September). IPCC AR5 - Working Group I results. CLIMAS Colloquium. Tucson, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest.
• Crimmins, M. A., & Aldridge, H. (2013, October). Climate Science Resources and Partnerships. CSI In-Service Training – Climate Communication and Climate Literacy Modules. Duluth, MN: Association of Natural Resource Extension Professionals.
• Crimmins, M. A., & Chief, K. -. (2013, March). Climate Change and the Navajo Nation. Quarterly Meeting of Black Mesa United. Black Mesa, Arizona: Black Mesa United.
• Crimmins, M. A., Ferguson, D., Meadow, A., Weiss, J., Faulstich, H., & Kimbrough, A. (2013, September). DEVELOPING A REGIONAL CLIMATOLOGY FOR THE FOUR CORNERS REGION TO SUPPORT TRIBAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DROUGHT PLANNING. 12th Biennial Conference of Science and Management on the Colorado Plateau. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University.
• Ferguson, D., Meadow, A., & Crimmins, M. A. (2013, Spring). Can Local Perceptions of Drought Impacts Better Inform Drought Planning, Mitigation, and Response than Instrumental Data?. American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting. Los Angeles, CA: American Association of Geographers.
• Holden, Z., Luce, C., Crimmins, M. A., Morgan, P., & Abatzaglou, J. (2013, December). Does decreased orographic enhancement explain declining annual streamflows and recent increases in wildfire fire activity in the Pacific Northwestern US?. Annual Meeting of the American Geophysical Union. San Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union.
• Bieda, S., Comrie, I. A., Crimmins, M., Byerle, L., Marsh, S., & Guertin, D. (2012, February). Flash Flood Causing Mechanisms of the North American Monsoon System in the Sonoran Desert Region. Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting 2012, 5467: Severe Weather Meteorology and Climatology. New York, NY: Association of American Geographers.
• Brugger, J., & Crimmins, M. (2012, May). The Art of Adaptation: A view of adaptation to climate change from the rural American Southwest. Adaptation Futures Conference. Tucson, AZ`.
• Brugger, J., & Crimmins, M. (2012, October). Climate Change and Water Availability in the Rural West: Insights from Arizona for addressing these issues on a regional scale. First Conference on the Rural West, Bill Lane Center for the American West. Ogden, UT.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, April). Arizona Climate. Coconino County Master Gardener's class. Flagstaff, AZ: Coconino County Master Gardener's.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, August). An intro to Arizona weather and climate. Science Saturday. Show Low, AZ: White Mountain Nature Center.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, August). Climate Change and the Southwest: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Navajo Nation Agricultural Conference. Window Rock, AZ: Navajo Nation.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, August). Preparing for Extreme Weather Events: An introduction to Arizona Climate Science. Climate Ready Water Utilities - Preparing for Extreme Weather Events: Workshop Planner for the Water Sector. Bisbee, AZ: EPA.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, February). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Green Valley Forum. Green Valley, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, February). Climate Science Extension in Arizona: Lessons from the Road. Climate Change and Small Grains Workshop. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, February). Climate Science Extension in Arizona: Lessons from the Road. National Climate Assessment Workshop on Rural Communities. Charleston, SC.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, July). An introduction to Arizona weather and climate. Resources Technical Training Program. Tucson, AZ: Bureau of Indian Affairs.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, June). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Verde River Basin Partnership quarterly meeting. Sedona, AZ: Verde River Basin Partnership.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, June). Southwest Drought Update - June 2012. UA Science Monsoon Season Media Briefing. Tucson, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, March). Extension s role in reconciling the supply and demand of climate science information. National Land/Sea Grant Summit on Climate Extension. Silver Springs, WA.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, May). Arizona Climate. Graham County Master Gardener's Class. Safford, AZ: Graham County Master Gardener's.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, November). Arizona Climate: Past, Present, and Future. Annual meeting of the Southwest Vegetation Management Association. Prescott, AZ: Southwest Vegetation Management Association.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, November). Assessing regional climate service needs through Cooperative Extension. CLIMAS PI meeting and IE speaker series. Tucson, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, October). Arizona Climate. Maricopa County Master Watershed Steward program. Phoenix, AZ: Maricopa County.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, October). San Carlos Climate: Past, present and future. Water Resources for Cattle and Ranches Workshop. San Carlos, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, September). Arizona s wild climate: Precipitation processes and variability. Oro Valley, AZ: UA Science.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, September). Drought in Arizona: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Graham County Master Watershed Steward program. Safford, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, September). Drought in Arizona: Where are we now and where are we headed?. Pinal County Water Wednesday Speaker Series. Casa Grande, AZ: Pinal County.
• Crimmins, M. A., Brugger, J., & Crimmins., M. (2012, November). Adapt to that? A view of climate change adaptation from rural Arizona. Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA: National Association for the Practice of Anthropology.
• Crimmins, T., Crimmins, M., & Bertelsen, D. (2012, September). Stopping to smell the roses: Patterns in flowering duration and constancy across a water-limited elevation gradient. Phenology 2012 conference. Milwaukee, WI.
• El, V. M., Didan, K., Van, L. W., Marsh, S., & Crimmins, M. (2012, December). A Remote Sensing Approach to Drought Monitoring for Range Management at the Hopi Tribe and Navajo Nation. American Geophysical Union meeting. San Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union.
• Ferguson, D., Crimmins, M., & Meadow, A. (2012, January). Melding local knowledge with scientific data to fill a climate monitoring gap in the US Southwest. Annual Conference of the Society of American Foresters. New Orleans, LA: American Meteorological Society.
• Holden, Z., Luce, C., Crimmins, M., & Morgan, P. (2012, December). Does decreased orographic enhancement explain declining annual streamflows and recent increases in Wildfire fire activity in the Pacific Northwestern US?. Association of Fire Ecology Congress. Portland, OR: Association of Fire Ecology.
• Jones, C., Creighton, J., Crimmins, M., Grotta, A., Hubbard, W., Norland, E., Sagor, E., Schnepf, C., & Taylor, E. (2012, October). THE CLIMATE SCIENCE INITIATIVE (CSI): NEW RESOURCES FOR EXTENSION FORESTERS AND EDUCATORS. Annual conference of the Society of American Foresters. Spokane, WA: Society of American Foresters.
• Jones, C., Creighton, J., Crimmins, M., Kantor, S., Kruger, C., Schnepf, C., & Withrow-Robinson, B. (2012, July). Communicating Climate Change to Natural Resources and Agriculture Audiences and Stakeholders: The grass-roots, pro-active response of the US Cooperative Extension Service. Fourth International Conference on Climate Change. Seattle, WA.
• McClaran, M., Brugger, J., & Crimmins, M. (2012, October). Including the Adapter in the Co-Development of Adaptation Strategies. Tri-Societies Annual Meeting. Cincinnati, OH: Tri-Societies.
• Swetnam, T., Crimmins, M., Baisan, C., Swetnam, J., Allen, C., & Zeiler, M. (2012, March). Wind-Driven, Horizontal Roll Vortex Crown Fires in the Southwestern United States: A Preliminary Investigation of Patterns and Causes Over the Past 60 Years. Southwest Fire Ecology Conference. Santa Fe, NM.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, April). Arizona Climate. Flagstaff Master Gardener class. Flagstaff, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, February). Arizona Climate. Upper Gila Master Watershed Steward class. Safford, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, February). Drought Monitoring and Preparedness in Arizona. Annual Winter Meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona Cattlegrowers.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, June). Arizona Climate. Invited speaker to the Desert Botanical Gardens in Phoenix. Phoenix, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, June). Climate Change 101. Arizon-Sonora Desert Museum Earth Camp. Tucson, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, June). Climate Change and Arizona: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Invited presentation for the Citizen Water Advisory Group. Prescott, AZ: Citizen Water Advisory Group.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, June). Southwest Drought Update. UA Flandrau sponsored media briefing. Tucson, AZ: UA Flandrau.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, March). Climate Change and Managing Forests: New Models and Tools. Forestry and Natural Resources Webinar Series. Tucson, AZ: Society of American Foresters.
  More info

  Internet/intranet
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, March). Drought Impact Monitoring in Arizona. Workshop series. Kingman, Phoenix, and Tucson, AZ: National Drought Mitigation Center.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, May). Arizona Climate. Sedona Master Watershed Steward Course. Sedona, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, May). Arizona Drought Impact Update. Interagency Coordinating Group spring meeting. Phoenix, AZ: Governor's Drought Task Force.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, May). Climate Change and Arizona. 2011 Desert Horticulture Conference. Tucson, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, May). Internet Tools and Extension Programming. Extension In-Service training. Flagstaff, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, November). Arizona Climate. Gila County Master Gardener Course. Payons, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, October). Managing Drought in the Southern Plains: La Nina. Webinar series. Tucson, AZ: NOAA Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program.
  More info

  Internet/intranet
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, September). AZ DroughtWatch  Arizona impacts reporting. Sixth Southwest Hydrometeorology Symposium. Tempe, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2011, September). Climate Change and the Southwest: A look at the Past, Present, and Future. Navajo Nation Ag Days. Window Rock, AZ.
• Crimmins, M. A., & Bieda, S. (2011, October). Progress in American Monsoon Research: Climatological Forecasting of the North American Monsoon System. World Climate Research Program 2011 meeting. Boulder, CO.
• Crimmins, M. A., Crimmins, T., & Bertelsen, D. (2011, October). Changes in Spring and Summer Flowering Season Duration Across an Elevation Gradient. PHENOLOGY RESEARCH AND OBSERVATIONS OF SOUTHWEST ECOSYSTEMS SYMPOSIUM (PROSE) meeting. Tucson, AZ.
• Crimmins, T., Crimmins, M., Denny, E., Enquist, C., Rosemartin, A., & Weltzin, J. (2011, December). The Pros and Cons of Historical or Non-standard Data Sets. American Geophysical Union meeting. San Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union.
• Sprinkle, J., Rulye, G., & Crimmins, M. (2011, February). Change on the Range 10 yrs Rangeland Monitoring on the Tonto National Forest. Annual Meeting. Billings, MT: Society for Range Management.
• Woodhouse, C., Crimmins, M., Ferguson, D., Garfin, G., Liverman, D., & Scott, C. (2011, December). Making the Connection between Science and Decision Making. American Geophysical Union meeting. San Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union.

Poster Presentations

• Guiterman, C. H., Margolis, E., & Crimmins, M. A. (2021, May). Delivering the North American tree-ring fire history network through a web application and an R package. 2021 CDI Workshop. Online: USGS.
• Crimmins, M. A., Hall, A. L., Brischke, A. S., Grace, J. L., Mcreynolds, K. H., & Mcclaran, M. P. (2019, August). Rangeland Precipitation Monitoring Training Program for Ranchers and Land Managers. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Annual Conference. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• McKellar, T., Crimmins, M. A., Schaap, M. G., Rasmussen, C., & Ferre, P. A. (2019, December). Using HYDRUS Soil Moisture Modeling to Improve Drought Index Usage on Arizona’s Rangelands. American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA: American Geophysical Union.
• Mcclaran, M. P., Crimmins, M. A., & Hall, A. L. (2018, July). Integrating Climate Data with Rangeland Monitoring to Improve Ranch-Scale Drought Detection. National Association of County Agriculture Agents Conference. Chattanooga, TN: National Association of County Agriculture Agents.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, August). Overview of DroughtView and Rainlog. Arizona League of Cities Conference. Scottsdale, AZ: Arizona League of Cities.
• Crimmins, M. A., Mcclaran, M. P., & Hawkes, K. (2018, February). Guide to Co-Developing Drought Preparation Plans for Livestock Grazing on SW National Forests. 71st Annual Meeting, Society for Range Management. Sparks, NV: Society for Range Management.
• Crimmins, M. A., Mcclaran, M. P., & Hawkes-Landerville, K. (2018, February). Filling in the Gaps: Managing and Interpreting Site-Specific Precipitation Observations with the myRAINge Log Tool. 71st Annual Meeting – Sparks, NV – 2018. Sparks, NV: Society for Range Management.
• Hall, A. L., Crimmins, M. A., & Mcclaran, M. P. (2018, July). Integrating Climate Data with Rangeland Monitoring to Improve Ranch-Scale Drought Detection. National Association of County Agriculture Agents Conference. Chattanooga, TN: National Association of County Agriculture Agents.
• Hawkes, K., Crimmins, M. A., & Mcclaran, M. P. (2018, February). Talking About Drought: SPI Explorer Tool Builds a Common Language. 71st Annual Meeting, Society for Range Management,. Sparks, NV: Society for Range Management.
• Hawkes-Landerville, K., Mcclaran, M. P., & Crimmins, M. A. (2018, February). Guide to Co-Developing Drought Preparation Plans for Livestock Grazing on Southwest National Forests. 71st Annual Meeting – Sparks, NV – 2018. Sparks, NV: Society for Range Management.
• Mcclaran, M. P., Crimmins, M. A., & Hall, A. L. (2018, August). Integrating Climate Data with Rangeland Monitoring to Improve Ranch-Scale Drought Detection. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension In-Service. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Mcclaran, M. P., Crimmins, M. A., & Hawkes-Landerville, K. (2018, February). Talking about Drought: SPI Explorer Tool Builds a Common Language. 71st Annual Meeting – Sparks, NV – 2018. Sparks, NV: Society for Range Management.
• Weiss, J. L., Crimmins, M. A., & Mennell, W. J. (2018, April). Changing Winter Precipitation and Temperature Regimes Likely to Impact Arizona’s Water Resources. SWESx 2018, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences EarthWeek 2018, University of Arizona.
• Brischke, A. S., & Crimmins, M. A. (2017, Spring). Using Multiscale Drought Index Plots to Aid in Interpreting Climate/Vegetation Relationships. Society for Rangeland Management Annual Meeting. St. George, UT: Society for Rangeland Management.
• Brischke, A. S., & Crimmins, M. A. (2017, Summer). Using Multiscale Drought Index Plots to Aid in Interpreting Climate/Vegetation Relationships. NACAA AM/PIC. Salt Lake City, UT: NACAA.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017, November). Monitoring Precipitation on Rangelands: Tools, Strategies, and Best Practices. USFS Region 5 - REGIONAL WFRP/RANGE WORKSHOP. Albuquerque, NM: US Forest Service Region 5.
• Hall, A. L., Crimmins, M. A., Mcclaran, M. P., & Brischke, A. S. (2017, October). Developing Resources to Help Ranchers Plan for Drought in Arizona. National Association of County Agriculture Agents Western Region Professional Improvement Conference. Albuquerque, NM: NACAA Western Region.
• Luketich, A. M., Papuga, S., & Crimmins, M. A. (2017, December). Differential Impact of Passive versus Active Irrigation on Urban Forests in Semiarid Regions. American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA: American Geophysical Union.
• Luketich, A., Papuga, S., & Crimmins, M. A. (2017, July). Differential Impacts of Passive versus Active Irrigation on Urban Forests. University Water Innovation Network Annual Meeting. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University.
• Crimmins, M. A., Crimmins, T. M., Marsh, R., Gerst, K. L., Rosemartin, A. H., Switzer, J., & Weltzin, J. (2016, November). Daily accumulated temperature maps and short-term forecasts to support research, management, and planning needs. Agronomy Society of America-Crop Science Society of America-Soil Science Society of America Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ.
• Crimmins, T. M., Switzer, J., Rosemartin, A. H., Marsh, R., Gerst, K. L., & Crimmins, M. A. (2016, December). Documenting uncertainty and error in gridded growing degree day and spring onset maps generated by the USA National Phenology Network. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. San Francisco, California.
• Hartfield, K. A., Van Leeuwen, W. J., Marsh, S. E., Crimmins, M. A., Weiss, J. L., Torrey, Y., Rahr, M. J., & K C, P. (2016, July). DroughtView: Satellite-based Drought Monitoring and Assessment – An update. ESRI. San Diego: ESRI.
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  Kyle Hartfield, Willem J.D. van Leeuwen, Michael Crimmins, Stuart Marsh, Yuta Torrey, Matt Rahr, Jeremy Weiss, and Pratima K C, DroughtView: Satellite-based Drought Monitoring and Assessment – An update. ESRI conference June 27 - July 1,2016. San Diego.
• Marsh, R., Crimmins, M. A., Crimmins, T. M., Gerst, K. L., Rosemartin, A. H., Switzer, J., & Weltzin, J. (2016, December). Developing and Delivering National-Scale Gridded Phenology Data Products. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. San Francisco, California.
• Mcclaran, M. P., Crimmins, M. A., Tolleson, D., Howery, L. D., Ruyle, G. B., Sprinkle, J. E., Hawkes, K., & Brugger, J. (2016, winter). Using a co-development process to improve livestock grazing during drought on National Forests. 68th Annual Meeting, Society for Range Management. Corpus Christi, TX: Society for Range Management.
• Mcclaran, M. P., Hawkes, K., Brugger, J., Crimmins, M. A., Tolleson, D., Howery, L. D., Ruyle, G. B., & Sprinkle, J. E. (2016, October). Using an Interactive Scenario-Planning Tool for Ranchers and Forest Service to Prepare for Drought. 13th RISE Symposium (Research Insights in Semi-arid Environments. Tucson, AZ: College of Agriculture and Life Science.
• Sprinkle, J. E., Ruyle, G. B., Howery, L. D., Tolleson, D., Crimmins, M. A., Brugger, J., Hawkes, K., & Mcclaran, M. P. (2016, October). Using an Interactive Scenario-Planning Tool for Ranchers and Forest Service to Prepare for Drought. 13th RISE Symposium (Research Insights in Semi-arid Environments). Oct. 8, 2016, Tucson, AZ. Tucson, AZ: College of Agriculture and Life Science.
• Weiss, J. L., Hartfield, K. A., Van Leeuwen, W. J., Crimmins, M. A., Marsh, S. E., Torrey, Y., Rahr, M. J., & K C, P. (2016, April). DroughtView: Satellite-based Drought Monitoring and Assessment. University of Arizona – International Arid Lands Consortium : Cross-disciplinary Symposium on Arid Environments Research.
• Weltzin, J., Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., Gerst, K. L., Marsh, R., Rosemartin, A. H., & Switzer, J. (2016, August). Phenology in the United States: The information “resolution revolution” and the role of historical observational data. 101st Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.
• Weltzin, J., Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A., Gerst, K. L., Marsh, R., Rosemartin, A. H., & Weltzin, J. (2016, August). Development and delivery of continental-scale phenology gridded products. 101st Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.
• Weiss, J. L., Crimmins, M. A., & Overpeck, J. T. (2015, March). Developing an Event Database for Cut-off Low Climatology over Southwestern North America. Climate Prediction Applications Science Workshop. New Mexico State University.
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  Cut-off lows (COLs) can impact southwestern North America with heavy rainfall that leads to flooding. Despite the societal challenges presented by this weather phenomenon, there has been no recent study of COLs focused on this region. This information need, in combination with the current availability of large, multivariate atmospheric datasets, offers a clear data mining and applied research opportunity. Here, we describe our method to produce an objective, physically based algorithm that identifies COLs in reanalysis data, and apply this method to a known COL event. Results suggest that the initial algorithm is too selective for adequately identifying COLs, and needs additional adjustments in order to resolve the different spatial scales of COLs and reanalysis data. We further discuss the attributes of information extracted through this data mining approach that will be used to populate an event database for COL climatology over southwestern North America, as well as the verification of individual COL events. A Southwest COL database like the one described here has great potential to support development of an analog system that improves confidence in forecasted conditions and impacts of this important weather phenomenon.
• Weiss, J. L., Crimmins, M. A., & Overpeck, J. T. (2015, fall). Developing an Event Database for Cut-off Low Climatology over Southwestern North America. 2015 University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Poster Forum.
• Weiss, J. L., Crimmins, M. A., & Overpeck, J. T. (2015, summer). Developing an Event Database for Cut-off Low Climatology over Southwestern North America. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Conference 2015.
• Crimmins, M. A., Weiss, J. L., & Overpeck, J. (2014, September). Developing an Event Database for Cut-off Low Climatology over Southwestern North America. 4th International Workshop on Climate Informatics. Boulder, CO: National Center for Atmospheric Research.
  More info

  Cut-off lows (COLs) can impact southwestern North America with heavy rainfall that leads to flooding.Despite the societal challenges presented by this weather phenomenon, there has been no recent study ofCOLs focused on this region. Here, we describe our approach to produce an objective, physically basedalgorithm that identifies COLs in reanalysis data. We further discuss the attributes of information extractedthrough this data mining process that will be used to populate an event database for COL climatology oversouthwestern North America, and the verification of individual COL events.
• Hartfield, K., Van Leeuwen, W. J., Crimmins, M. A., Marsh, S. E., Torrey, Y., Rahr, M., & Orr, B. J. (2014, Dec). DroughtView: Satellite Based Drought Monitoring and Assessment.. AGU. San Francisco: AGU.
• Hartfield, K., van Leeuwen, W., Crimmins, M. A., Marsh, S. E., Torrey, Y., Rahr, M. J., & Orr, B. J. (2014, December). DroughtView: Satellite Based Drought Monitoring and Assessment. Annual Meeting of the American Geophysical Union. San Francisco, CA: AGU.
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  Drought is an ever growing concern within the United States and Mexico. Extended periods of below-average precipitation can adversely affect agricultural production and ecosystems, impact local water resources and create conditions prime for wildfire. DroughtView (www.droughtview.arizona.edu) is a new on-line resource for scientists, natural resource managers, and the public that brings a new perspective to remote-sensing based drought impact assessment that is not currently available. DroughtView allows users to monitor the impact of drought on vegetation cover for the entire continental United States and the northern regions of Mexico. As a spatially and temporally dynamic geospatial decision support tool, DroughtView is an excellent educational introduction to the relationship between remotely sensed vegetation condition and drought. The system serves up Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data generated from 250 meter 16-day composite Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery from 2000 to the present. Calculation of difference from average, previous period and previous year greenness products provide the user with a proxy for drought conditions and insight on the secondary impacts of drought, such as wildfire. The various image products and overlays are served up via the ArcGIS Server platform. DroughtView serves as a useful tool to introduce and teach vegetation time series analysis to those unfamiliar with the science. High spatial resolution imagery is available as a reference layer to locate points of interest, zoom in and export images for implementation in reports and presentations. Animation of vegetation time series allows users to examine ecosystem disturbances and climate data is also available to examine the relationship between precipitation, temperature and vegetation. The tool is mobile friendly allowing users to access the system while in the field. The systems capabilities and applications will be demonstrated live during the poster session. Expansion of DroughtView includes future plans to add snow products, phenology data and climate scenarios. Extension of the spatial coverage of the data to other parts of the world is also planned.

Creative Productions

• Crimmins, M. A. (2022. Arizona Seasonal Climate Summary. Arizona Range and Livestock Newsletter (Published Quarterly)University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
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  4 issues published in 2022
• McMahan, B., Guido, Z., & Crimmins, M. A. (2022. Southwest Climate Podcast (8 episodes in 2022). CLIMAS Podcast Series. Tucson, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/media/podcasts
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021. Arizona Seasonal Climate Summary. Arizona Range and Livestock Newsletter (Published Quarterly)University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• McMahan, B., Guido, Z., & Crimmins, M. A. (2021. Southwest Climate Podcast (11 episodes in 2021). CLIMAS Podcast Series. Tucson, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/media/podcasts
• Crimmins, M. A. (2020. 2020 Climate Review. What happened?!. 2020 Summer Meeting. Online Meeting: Arizona Section of the Society for Range Management.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019. Arizona Seasonal Climate Summary. Arizona Range and Livestock Newsletter (Published Quarterly)University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019. myRAINge Log: Precipitation Tracking Tool for Range Management. Southwest Climate Hub BlogUS Department of Agriculture. https://www.climatehubs.usda.gov/index.php/hubs/southwest/topic/myrainge-log-precipitation-tracking-tool-range-management
• McMahan, B., Guido, Z., & Crimmins, M. A. (2019. Southwest Climate Podcast (10 episodes in 2019). CLIMAS Podcast Series. Tucson, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/media/podcasts
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018. Arizona Seasonal Climate Summary. Arizona Range and Livestock Newsletter (Published Quarterly)University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• McMahan, B., Guido, Z., & Crimmins, M. A. (2018. Southwest Climate Podcast (10 episodes in 2018). CLIMAS Podcast Series. Tucson, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/media/podcasts
• Crimmins, M. A. (2017. Arizona Seasonal Climate Summary. Arizona Range and Livestock Newsletter (Published Quarterly)University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• McMahan, B., Guido, Z., & Crimmins, M. A. (2017. Southwest Climate Podcast (10 episodes in 2017). CLIMAS Podcast Series. Tucson, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/media/podcasts
• Crimmins, M. A., & Guido, Z. (2016. El Nino: Impact in the Southwest & Our WorldMrs. Green's World Podcast. https://www.mrsgreensworld.com/2016/04/16/el-nino-impact-in-the-southwest-our-world-2/
• McMahan, B., Crimmins, M. A., & Guido, Z. (2016. Southwest Climate Podcast. Tucson, AZ: Climate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/podcasts/climas-southwest-climate-podcast
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  Online podcast series with 10 episodes in 2016, Jan-Dec
• Lenart, M., Jones, C. K., Moore, S., Megalos, M., Barber, V., Grantham, J., Geller, D., Crimmins, M. A., Schnepf, C., & Grotta, A. (2015. eXtension Climate, Forests and Woodlands Community of Practice. extension.org/climate_forests_woodlands website. http://extension.org/climate_forests/woodlands
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Everybody Talks About the Weather…. USDA BlogUnited States Department of Agriculture. http://blogs.usda.gov/2014/04/23/everybody-talks-about-the-weather/
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Notes from an Applied Climatologist - July 2014 Rainlog Climate Summary. Climate Assessment for the Southwest BlogClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/notes-applied-climatologist-july-2014-rainlog-climate-summary
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Notes from an Applied Climatologist - June 2014 Rainlog Climate Summary. Climate Assessment for the Southwest BlogClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/notes-applied-climatologist-june-2014-rainlog-climate-summary
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Notes from an Applied Climatologist - Nov 2014 Rainlog Climate Summary. Climate Assessment for the Southwest Blog. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/notes-applied-climatologist-nov-2014-rainlog-climate-summary
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Notes from an Applied Climatologist: El Niño & Drought Q&A. Climate Assessment for the Southwest BlogClimate Assessment for the Southwest Blog. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/notes-applied-climatologist-el-ni%C3%B1o-drought-qa
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Notes from an Applied Climatologist: Monsoon & El Niño Q&A. Climate Assessment for the Southwest BlogClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/notes-applied-climatologist-monsoon-el-ni%C3%B1o-qa
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Notes from an Applied Climatologist: Monsoon End Q&A. Climate Assessment for the Southwest BlogClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/notes-applied-climatologist-monsoon-end-qa
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Notes from an Applied Climatologist: Precipitable Water Q&A. Climate Assessment for the Southwest BlogClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/notes-applied-climatologist-precipitable-water-qa
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Notes from an Applied Climatologist: Q & A on El Niño, Predictions, and Indices. Climate Assessment for the Southwest BlogClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/notes-applied-climatologist-q-el-ni%C3%B1o-predictions-and-indices
• Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Notes from an Applied Climatologist: Tropical Storms and the Southwest Q&A. Climate Assesssment for the Southwest BlogClimate Assesssment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/notes-applied-climatologist-tropical-storms-and-southwest-qa
• Crimmins, M. A., & Guido, Z. (2014. January 2014 Southwest Climate Podcast. CLIMAS Southwest Climate Podcast SeriesClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/podcast/january-2014-southwest-climate-podcast
• Crimmins, M. A., & Guido, Z. (2014. March 2014 Southwest Climate Podcast. CLIMAS Southwest Climate Podcast SeriesClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/podcast/march-2014-southwest-climate-podcast
• Crimmins, M. A., Guido, Z., & McMahan, B. (2014. Aug 2014 Southwest Climate Podcast: Monsoon Frequency vs. Intensity, & El Niño Still Dragging its Heels. CLIMAS Southwest Climate Podcast SeriesClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/podcast/aug-2014-southwest-climate-podcast-monsoon-frequency-vs-intensity-el-ni%C3%B1o-still-dragging-its
• Crimmins, M. A., Guido, Z., & McMahan, B. (2014. July 2014 Southwest Climate Podcast: Strong Start for the Monsoon & Groundhog Day for El Niño Forecasts. CLIMAS Southwest Climate Podcast SeriesClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/podcast/july-2014-southwest-climate-podcast-strong-start-monsoon-groundhog-day-el-ni%C3%B1o-forecasts
• Crimmins, M. A., Guido, Z., & McMahan, B. (2014. June 2014 Southwest Climate Podcast: Impending Collision of El Niño and the Monsoon. CLIMAS Southwest Climate Podcast SeriesClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/podcast/june-2014-southwest-climate-podcast-impending-collision-el-ni%C3%B1o-and-monsoon
• Crimmins, M. A., Guido, Z., & McMahan, B. (2014. Nov 2014 SW Climate Podcast: A Warm End to Autumn and Waiting for ENSO. CLIMAS Southwest Climate Podcast SeriesClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/podcast/nov-2014-sw-climate-podcast-warm-end-autumn-and-waiting-enso
• Crimmins, M. A., Guido, Z., & McMahan, B. (2014. Oct 2014 SW Climate Podcast: Monsoon Recap and an El Niño Double Dip. CLIMAS Southwest Climate Podcast SeriesClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/podcast/oct-2014-sw-climate-podcast-monsoon-recap-and-el-ni%C3%B1o-double-dip
• Crimmins, M. A., Guido, Z., & McMahan, B. (2014. Sept 2014 Southwest Climate Podcast: Tropical Storm Climatology & El Niño Summary. CLIMAS Southwest Climate Podcast SeriesClimate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/podcast/sept-2014-southwest-climate-podcast-tropical-storm-climatology-el-ni%C3%B1o-summary
• Masayesva, A., & Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Quarterly Hopi Drought Status Report - Apr-Jun 2014. Hopi Department of Natural Resources. Kykotsmovi, AZ: Hopi Department of Natural Resources and Climate Assessment for the Southwest.
• Masayesva, A., & Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Quarterly Hopi Drought Status Report - Jan-Mar 2014. Hopi Department of Natural Resources. Kykotsmovi, AZ: Hopi Department of Natural Resources and Climate Assessment for the Southwest.
• Masayesva, A., & Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Quarterly Hopi Drought Status Report - Jul-Sep 2014. Hopi Department of Natural Resources. Kykotsmovi, AZ: Hopi Department of Natural Resources and Climate Assessment for the Southwest.
• Masayesva, A., & Crimmins, M. A. (2014. Quarterly Hopi Drought Status Report - Oct-Dec 2014. Hopi Department of Natural Resources. Kykotsmovi, AZ: Hopi Department of Natural Resources and Climate Assessment for the Southwest.
• Brugger, J., Crimmins, M. A., Mcclaran, M. P., & Ruyle, G. B. (2013. Ranching with Drought in the Southwest: Conditions, Challenges, and a Process to Meet the Challenges. Workshop Report. Tucson, AZ: College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/resources/ranching-drought-southwest-ruyle.pdf
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  This report summarizes a workshop called “Ranching with Drought in the Southwest: Conditions, Challenges, and a Process to Meet the Challenges,” held February 27 and 28, 2013 at the Santa Rita Experimental Range near Tucson, AZ. There were 36 workshop participants, including ranchers from Apache, Cochise, Coconino, Gila, Pima, Santa Cruz, and Yavapai Counties, representatives from the Forest Service (USFS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), and Arizona State Land Department (ASLD), program managers from the National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) and Western Risk Management Education (WRME) in the Department of Agriculture and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the Department of Commerce, University of Arizona research and extension scientists and students, and guests from the Southeastern US, Kentucky, and California. The workshop was organized by Mitch McClaran, University of Arizona (UA) Professor of Range Management and the Director for Research at the Santa Rita Experimental Range; George Ruyle, UA Range Management Extension Specialist; Mike Crimmins, UA Climate Science Extension Specialist, and Julie Brugger, a social scientist with UA Climate Assessment for the Southwest.
• Crimmins, M. A., Crimmins, M. A., Selover, N., Selover, N., Cozzetto, K., Cozzetto, K., Chief, K. -., Chief, K. -., Meadow, A., & Meadow, A. (2013. Technical Review of the Navajo Nation Drought Contingency Plan - Drought Monitoring. Technical Review. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Climate Assessment for the Southwest. http://cals.arizona.edu/climate/pubs/Navajo_Nation_Drought_Plan_Technical_Review.pdf
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  The following review of the Navajo Nation Drought Contingency Plan, requested by the Navajo Nation Water Management Branch, was led by Michael Crimmins (University of Arizona), who recruited three additional reviewers: Nancy Selover (Arizona State University), Karen Cozzetto (University of Colorado), and Karletta Chief (University of Arizona). The specific request was for a technical review with a focus on the plan’s reliance on the 6-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) as the trigger for Navajo Nation drought status. The report includes a description of the regional climate (including the prominence of climate variability in the region), the drought context in the Four Corners, a close look at the 6-month SPI and its value in drought planning, a discussion of regional drought monitoring, and a series of recommendation for the Water Management Branch based on the review of the plan and analysis of the climate data available to the reviewers.
• Lackstrom, K., Brennan, A., Ferguson, D., Crimmins, M. A., Darby, L., Dow, K., Ingram, K., Meadow, A., Reges, H., Shafer, M., & Smith, K. (2013. The Missing Piece: Drought Impacts Monitoring. Workshop Report. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Climate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/files/climas/pubs/drought-impacts-report-june2013-final.pdf
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  Executive SummaryBased on a shared interest to better understand the impacts of drought and the potential utility of using drought impacts reporting as a tool for monitoring conditions, researchers from the Carolinas RISA (Dow, Lackstrom, and Brennan), the Climate Assessment for the Southwest (Crimmins and Ferguson), and the Southwest Climate Science Center (Meadow) decided to convene a workshop in Tucson in March 2013. The primary goal was to assemble a small group of university and agency scientists involved with drought impacts monitoring to discuss opportunities and barriers associated with drought impacts reporting, recommend best practices for implementing a drought impacts reporting system, and develop a path forward for addressing or overcoming barriers. The longer-term objective of the initial meeting was to explore the feasibility of creating a community of practice that could share information and integrate activities related to drought impacts research and reporting. Over the course of one-and-a-half days of discussion, the group touched on several topics related to drought impacts and approaches to monitoring them. From those discussions we have distilled the following key themes:1. Understanding the full range of drought impacts is important for planning and mitigation.While it is relatively easy to quantify precipitation (and deviations from normal), our current understanding of the full range of drought impacts is limited. The relative paucity of information about the actual impacts of drought conditions—such as infrastructure damage and economic losses—adversely affects society’s ability to prepare for, monitor, and respond to drought. 2. There are numerous challenges in collecting and synthesizing drought impacts information for use in planning and mitigation. While there are many existing efforts to collect impacts information, they vary across scale and sectors, resulting in a patchwork of coverage. Defining and characterizing second-order impacts, assessing the cumulative effects of multiple stresses, and determining drought onset and recovery are critical activities that continue to need attention and improvement.3. Many opportunities and potential strategies exist to advance drought impacts reporting and the integration of impacts information into decision making. Successful efforts will require committed communication and coordination across multiple levels and sectors. Next steps might include evaluating existing tools to identify effective approaches and gaps to be filled; investigating ways to integrate environmental, economic, and social datasets and information into drought impact assessments; and providing resources to local and regional field experts to collect and synthesize both baseline and impacts information.4. Individual projects and programs have amassed valuable lessons about drought impact research and reporting, though greater coordination and cooperative development is needed. A more comprehensive effort is necessary to build upon and improve our collective understanding of drought impacts and impacts reporting—including best practices, barriers and challenges, and strategies for moving forward.
• Brugger, J., & Crimmins, M. A. (2012. Weather, Climate, and Rural Arizona: Insights and Assessment Strategies. Technical Input to National Climate AssessmentUS Global Changer Research Program - National Climate Assessment. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/publications/2586

Others

• Crimmins, M. A., Weiss, J., & Meadow, A. M. (2023, February). Climate Profile for the Quad Cities Region of Arizona. In CLIMAS Community Climate Profiles. . CLIMAS Community Climate Profiles.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2022, Jan-Dec). Rainlog.org Monthly Climate Summary Email Newsletter (12 issues). Email listserv.
  More info

  12 issues published in 2022.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2021, Jan-Dec). Rainlog.org Monthly Climate Summary Email Newsletter (12 issues). Email listserv.
  More info

  12 issues published in 2013.
• Crimmins, T. M., & Crimmins, M. A. (2020, June). Spring 2020 started with a bang; how did it wind up?. Nature Research Ecology & Evolution Community. https://natureecoevocommunity.nature.com/posts/spring-2020-started-with-a-bang-how-did-it-wind-up
• Weiss, J. L., Crimmins, M. A., & Garfin, G. M. (2020, October). La Niña 2020-2021: An Overview of What It Might Mean for Arizona. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2019, Jan-Dec). Rainlog.org Monthly Climate Summary Email Newsletter (12 issues). Email listserv.
  More info

  12 issues published in 2013.
• Crimmins, M. A., & Crimmins, T. M. (2020, August). Data from: Does an early spring indicate an early summer? relationships between intra-seasonal growing degree day thresholds.. Dryad Digital Repository. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pp045j3
• Brown, P. W., Garfin, G. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Weiss, J. L. (2018, December). El Niño 2018-2019? An Overview of What It Might Mean for Arizona. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Climate Fact Sheet.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2018, Jan-Dec). Rainlog.org Monthly Climate Summary Email Newsletter (12 issues). Email listserv.
  More info

  12 issues published in 2013.
• Garfin, G. M., DuBois, D., Crimmins, M. A., & Weiss, J. L. (2018, December). El Niño 2018-2019? An Overview of What It Might Mean for New Mexico. CLIMAS Climate Fact Sheet.
• Mcreynolds, K. H., Crimmins, M. A., & Wright, A. D. (2016, Jan, Apr, Jul, Nov). Southeastern Arizona Range and Livestock News (33%). Newsletter.
  More info

  4 issues/year, 5-7 pp/issue.
• Mcreynolds, K. H., Crimmins, M. A., & Wright, A. D. (2016, Jan, Apr, Jul, Nov). Southeastern Arizona Range and Livestock News. Newsletter. https://extension.arizona.edu/southeastern-arizona-range-and-livestock-news
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  4 issues/year, 5-7 pp/issue.
• Mcreynolds, K. H., Mcreynolds, K. H., Crimmins, M. A., Crimmins, M. A., Wright, A. D., & Wright, A. D. (2016, Jan, Apr, Jul, Nov). Southeastern Arizona Range and Livestock News (33%). Newsletter. https://extension.arizona.edu/southeastern-arizona-range-and-livestock-news
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  A. Wright article contributions:Evaluating Bull Fertility (546 words)Trichomoniasis (414 words)Blackleg and Malignant Edema in Cattle (484 words)Cull Cows (731 words)Preconditioning Calves (482 words)267 mail/X email distributions per issue
• Meadow, A., Black, M., Crimmins, M. A., Ferguson, D. B., & Weiss, J. L. (2016, July). Climate Profile of Gila River Indian Community. Center for Climate Adaptation Science and Solutions - Native Nations Climate Adaptation Program.
• Meadow, A., Black, M., Crimmins, M. A., Ferguson, D. B., & Weiss, J. L. (2016, October). Climate Profile of the Pueblo of Sandia. Center for Climate Adaptation Science and Solutions - Native Nations Climate Adaptation Program.
• Weiss, J. L., Crimmins, M. A., Garfin, G. M., & Brown, P. A. (2016, March). El Niño 2015-2016 : Will It Affect Snowfall in Arizona’s Highcountry?. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Climate Fact Sheet.
• Weiss, J. L., Crimmins, M. A., Garfin, G. M., & Brown, P. A. (2016, May). El Niño 2015-2016 : Will It Affect the Wildland Fire Season in Arizona?. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Climate Fact Sheet.
• Weiss, J. L., Crimmins, M. A., Garfin, G. M., & Brown, P. W. (2016, March). El Nino 2015-2016: Will It Affect Snow in Arizona's Highcountry.
• Brown, P. W., Garfin, G. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Weiss, J. L. (2015, October). El Nino 2015-2016: Will It Influence Tropical Cyclones that Affect Arizona.
• Brown, P. W., Garfin, G. M., Crimmins, M. A., Weiss, J. L., Brown, P. W., Garfin, G. M., Crimmins, M. A., Weiss, J. L., Brown, P. W., Garfin, G. M., Crimmins, M. A., & Weiss, J. L. (2015, September). El Nino 2015-2016: An Overview of What It Might Mean for Arizona.
• Brown, P. W., Weiss, J. L., Garfin, G. M., Crimmins, M. A., Crimmins, M. A., Garfin, G. M., Weiss, J. L., & Brown, P. W. (2015, December). El Nino 2015-2016: Will It Affect Minimum Temperatures Across Arizona.
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, April). Spring Signals the Start of Wildfire Season for the Southwest. Climate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/spring-signals-start-wildfire-season-southwest
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, February). Notes from an Applied Climatologist: East/West Cold/Hot Dichotomy Q&A. Climate Assessment for the Southwest Blog. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/notes-applied-climatologist-eastwest-coldhot-dichotomy-qa
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, January). Notes from an Applied Climatologist: Dec 2014 Rainlog Climate Summary. Climate Assessment for the Southwest Blog. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/notes-applied-climatologist-dec-2014-rainlog-climate-summary
• Crimmins, M. A. (2015, October). Notes from an Applied Climatologist: How does El Niño affect the monsoon in the Southwest?. Climate Assessment for the Southwest Blog. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/notes-applied-climatologist-how-does-el-ni%C3%B1o-affect-monsoon-southwest
• Crimmins, M. A., & McMahan, B. (2015, September). El Niño is here…what exactly does that mean for Arizona and New Mexico?. Climate Assessment for the Southwest Blog. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/blog/el-ni%C3%B1o-here%E2%80%A6what-exactly-does-mean-arizona-and-new-mexico
• Crimmins, M. A., Weiss, J. L., Ferguson, D. B., & Faulstich, H. (2015, May). Hopi Climate: An Overview to Support Drought Monitoring and Management. Climate Assessment for the Southwest. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/pdfclimas-report-finalprint.pdf
• Guido, Z., Crimmins, M. A., & McMahan, B. (2015, Jan-Dec). CLIMAS Southwest Climate Podcast - 2015. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/media/podcasts. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/media/podcasts
  More info

  Monthly podcast series, Jan-Dec 2015
• Weiss, J. L., Crimmins, M. A., Garfin, G. M., & Brown, P. A. (2015, December). El Niño 2015-2016 : Will It Affect Minimum Temperatures across Arizona?. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Climate Fact Sheet.
• Weiss, J. L., Crimmins, M. A., Garfin, G. M., & Brown, P. A. (2015, October). El Niño 2015-2016 : Will It Influence Tropical Cyclones that Affect Arizona?. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Climate Fact Sheet.
• Weiss, J. L., Crimmins, M. A., Garfin, G. M., & Brown, P. A. (2015, September). El Niño 2015-2016 : An Overview of What It Might Mean for Arizona. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Climate Fact Sheet.
• Chief, K., Cozzetto, K., Crimmins, M. T., Meadow, A. M., & Selover, N. (2013, June).

  Technical Review of the Navajo Nation Drought Contingency Plan - Drought Monitoring

  . https://openalex.org/W997407350
• Crimmins, M. A. (2013, Jan-Dec). Rainlog.org Monthly Climate Summary Email Newsletter (12 issues). Email listserv.
  More info

  12 issues published in 2013.
• Delmar, D., Chief, K. -., & Crimmins, M. A. (2013, March). Climate Change on the Navajo Nation in the Navajo Language.
• Guido, Z., & Crimmins, M. A. (2013, Jan-Dec). Southwest Climate Podcast (7 in 2013). Southwest Climate Change Network. http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/podcasts
  More info

  Seven podcasts recorded in 2013.
• Guido, Z., Crimmins, M. A., Selover, N., & Garfin, G. (2013, Jan-Dec). Southwest Climate Outlook (12 monthly issues). http://www.climas.arizona.edu/outlooks/swco
  More info

  12 issues published monthly in 2013.
• Crimmins, M. (2012, Fall). Extreme Winter Weather?. Southwest Climate Change Network website. http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/blog/14346
• Crimmins, M. (2012, Fall). Rainlog Monthly Climate Summaries.
• Crimmins, M. A., Guido, Z., & Garfin, G. (2012, Fall). Southwest Climate Outlook Podcast. iTunes.
• Guido, Z., Crimmins, M., Doster, S., Garfin, G., Nelson, K., & Selover, N. (2012, Fall). Climate Assessment for the Southwest and Arizona Cooperative Extension. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/forecasts/swoutlook.html
• Waters, S., & Crimmins, M. (2012, Summer). Waiting for Rain: Tracking Drought Status across Arizona. Backyards and Beyond.
• Crimmins, M. (2011, August). Southwest Climate Change Network website. http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/blog/12239
  More info

  Exact Date: 08/16/2011
• Crimmins, M. (2011, Fall). AZ DroughtWatch Monthly Climate Summary.
• Crimmins, M. (2011, Fall). Rainlog Monthly Climate Summaries.
• Crimmins, M. (2011, January). Southwest Climate Change Network website. http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/blog/10456
  More info

  Exact Date: 01/11/2011
• Crimmins, M. A., Z., G. M., Crimmins, S., Doster, G., Garfin, K., Nelson, ., & Selover, N. (2011, Fall). Southwest Climate Outlook. Climate Assessment for the Southwest and Arizona Cooperative Extension. http://www.climas.arizona.edu/forecasts/swoutlook.html