Sydney A Rice

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Journals/Publications

• Leroy, G., Andrews, J. G., KeAlohi-Preece, M., Jaswani, A., Song, H., Galindo, M. K., & Rice, S. A. (2024). Transparent deep learning to identify autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in EHR using clinical notes. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae080
• Eremija, J., Patel, S., Rice, S., & Daines, M. (2023). Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment improves multiple neuropsychiatric outcomes in patients with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome. Frontiers in pediatrics, 11, 1229150.
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  Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) is defined by acute onset of diverse neuropsychiatric manifestations, presumably in the setting of underlying immune dysfunction We used standardized neuropsychological testing to assess how intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) impact neurological and cognitive functions in PANS patients by comparing pretreatment with post-treatment scores. A 5-year retrospective study was undertaken in Children's Postinfectious Autoimmune Encephalopathy Center at University of Arizona. We identified 12 children diagnosed with PANS and treated with immunomodulatory IVIG doses, who also completed neuropsychological testing before and after treatment. We tracked multiple patient characteristics, type/timeline of testing, and number of IVIG courses. Score change of 1 standard deviation in any tested domain/subdomain was considered improvement. We further reviewed records for laboratory signs of triggering infection and immune dysfunction. Improvement occurred in 11/12 patients, in one or multiple domains/subdomains, independently of time between disease onset and IVIG initiation (0-7 years). Participants received 1-7 IVIG courses. Improvement was primarily seen in memory (58%), sensory-motor (37%) and visual-motor integration (30%). In 5/12 patients we detected hypogammaglobulinemia requiring ongoing IVIG replacement, one patient had isolated low IgA. Only one patient had to discontinue IVIG therapy due to severe adverse effects. Standardized neuropsychological testing represents an important tool to objectively measure improvement in PANS patients. IVIG was tolerated well and showed efficacy in the vast majority of participants, independently from timelapse since disease onset, emphasizing impact of immunomodulation in PANS. Significant presence of baseline hypogammaglobulinemia in children with PANS emphasizes the presumed role of immune dysfunction in disease pathogenesis.
• Mai, C. T., Evans, J., Alverson, C. J., Yue, X., Flood, T., Arnold, K., Nestoridi, E., Denson, L., Adisa, O., Moore, C. A., Nance, A., Zielke, K., Rice, S., Shan, X., Dean, J. H., Ethen, M., Hansen, B., Isenburg, J., & Kirby, R. S. (2022). Changes in Spina Bifida Lesion Level after Folic Acid Fortification in the US. The Journal of pediatrics, 249, 59-66.e1.
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  To assess whether the severity of cases of spina bifida changed after the institution of mandatory folic acid fortification in the US.
• Ong, K. S., Reeder, M., Alriksson-Schmidt, A. I., Rice, S., & Feldkamp, M. L. (2022). Parents' report on the health care management of spina bifida in early childhood. Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine, 15(4), 621-631.
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  This study aimed to describe health care use by type of health providers and care settings visited by children with spina bifida (SB) and to compare this use between children with and without a shunt.
• Rice, S., Ong, K. S., Reeder, M., Alriksson-Schmidt, A. I., & Feldkamp, M. L. (2022).

  Parents’ report on the health care management of spina bifida in early childhood

  . Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, 15(4), 621-631. doi:10.3233/prm-220027
• Klinger, P., Spiekerman, C., Daines, M. O., Cabrera, A., & Rice, S. A. (2021). A Case Study of Acute Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in a Pediatric Patient. Journal of Multidisciplinary Clinical Case Reports, 1a(103), 1-6. doi:doi: https://doi.org/10.33790/ jmccr1100103
• Rice, S. A. (2021). Trapped at Home: Parents as Parent, Teacher, Coach and Therapist for Children with Disabilities during the Pandemic. Arizona Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics Physician Blog.
• Rice, S. A., Cabrera, A., Daines, M. O., Spiekerman, C., & Klinger, P. (2021). A Case Study of Acute Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in a Pediatric Patient. Journal of Multidisciplinary Clinical Case Reports, 1a(103), 1-6. doi:doi: https://doi.org/10.33790/ jmccr1100103
• Ranjbar, N. E., Erb, M., Othman, M., Moreno, F. A., Hardin, M. C., Homer, P. T., Mckean, B., Overstreet, S. G., Anhalt, C. O., Daly Rooney, R. A., Manne, S., Ogden, G. E., Berg, J. A., Fallis, D. T., Decker, P. A., Saavedra, S. S., Hudson, L., Yslas, C. M., Lux, K. M., , Joshi, K. N., et al. (2020). Trauma-Informed Care and Cultural Humility in the Mental Health Care of People from Minoritized Communities. FOCUS, 18(1), 8-15. doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20190027
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  The prevalence and impact of trauma constitute a public health crisis that is complicated by the cultural heterogeneity of contemporary society and a higher rate of trauma among individuals from minoritized communities. A trauma-informed care approach can facilitate improved treatment of those who have experienced trauma, and trauma-informed care is increasingly viewed as potentially beneficial for all patients. This article outlines general principles of trauma-informed care and ways to enact it. Because the situations in which trauma arises, the ways in which it is conceptualized, and how patients respond to it are influenced by both culture and individual factors, a cultural humility approach is also described and recommended. Psychiatrists can navigate the complex terrain of cultures and social backgrounds in the clinical encounter and can promote healing when treating patients who have experienced trauma by adopting a trauma-informed care approach and an attitude of cultural humility.
• Rice, S. A. (2020). Communication and Masks: What is happening in our brains?. Arizona Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics Physician Blog,.
• Rice, S. A. (2020). For the Children for Whom Being at Home is Not Such a Bad Thing. Arizona Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics Physician Blog.
• Mcgrath, E. R., Rice, S. A., Rice, S. A., Bacso, D. R., & Andrews, J. G. (2019).

  Intentional interprofessional leadership in maternal and child health.

  . Leadership in health services (Bradford, England), 32(2), 212-225. doi:10.1108/lhs-04-2018-0026
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  This paper aims to describe an interprofessional leadership training program curriculum implemented by a new maternal and child health leadership training program, its collaboration with a well-established leadership consortium, the measures taken to evaluate this training and implications for other leadership programs..The intentional leadership program weaves together the complementary core threads to create strong sets of skills in the areas of personal leadership, leading and influencing others and creating effective interprofessional partnerships with others around women and children's health..The strong emphasis on the incorporation of leadership competencies coupled with evidence-based leadership training strengthens students' clinical skills, enhances workforce development and increases interdisciplinary health care practices..The findings presented in this paper are limited to self-reported changes in understanding components of leadership skills for self, others and the wider community and attitudes and beliefs related to interdisciplinary training and interprofessional team decision-making..The in-depth focus on one's self, teams and on the wider community enhances each individual's grasp of how people and organizations approach women and children's health challenges and strengthens their ability to negotiate among the diverse disciplines and cultures..This paper details the intentional incorporation of leadership skill development throughout an academic program and brings to focus the importance of thoughtful leadership development to prepare participants to anticipate, manage and take advantage of changes in knowledge and health care delivery systems.
• Eldridge, C., Bandlamuri, S., Andrews, J. G., Galindo, M. K., Contreras, D., Flood, T. J., & Rice, S. (2018). Postfolate spina bifida lesion level change. Birth defects research, 110(11), 949-955.
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  Spina bifida accounts for a large proportion of birth defects in the United States. Studies have evaluated the decrease in prevalence at birth after folate fortification of food grains, but little is known about neurologic functional changes related to fortification. This study assesses the functional level of lesions in the prefortification and postfortification eras.
• Khanna, R., Rice, S., Parker, S., Moutal, A., Hurst, S. E., Liktor-Busa, E., Szelinger, S., Senner, G., Hammer, M. F., Johnstone, L., Ramsey, K., Narayanan, V., Perez-Miller, S., Khanna, M., Dahlin, H., Lewis, K., Craig, D., Wang, E. H., & Nelson, M. A. (2018).

  A novel variant in TAF1 affects gene expression and is associated with X-linked TAF1 intellectual disability syndrome

  . Neuronal Signaling, 2(3). doi:10.1042/ns20180141
• Nelson, M. A., Rice, S. A., Hammer, M., Khanna, M., Parker, S. S., & Khanna, R. (2018). A Novel Variant of the TAF1 Gene Associated with Cerebellar Atrophy Discovered Using Genomic and Transcriptomic Sequencing. Neuronal Signaling, 2(3).
• Rice, S. A. (2018). Behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder with and without co-occurring intellectual disability.. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 61-71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.09.002
• Rice, S., Andrews, J. G., Eldridge, C., Bandlamuri, S., Galindo, M. K., Contreras, D., & Flood, T. J. (2018).

  Postfolate spina bifida lesion level change

  . Birth Defects Research, 110(11), 949-955. doi:10.1002/bdr2.1221
• Rice, S. A., Cabrera, A., Daines, M. O., Spiekerman, C., & Klinger, P. (2020). A Case Study of Acute Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in a Pediatric Patient. Journal of Multidisciplinary Clinical Case Reports, 1a(103), 1-6. doi:doi: https://doi.org/10.33790/ jmccr1100103
• Thibadeau, J., Reeder, M. R., Andrews, J., Ong, K., Feldkamp, M. L., Rice, S., & Alriksson-Schmidt, A. (2017). Understanding the Natural Progression of Spina Bifida: Prospective Study. JMIR research protocols, 6(9), e180.
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  Spina bifida (SB) is monitored through birth defects surveillance across the United States and in most developed countries. Although much is known about the management of SB and its many comorbid conditions in affected individuals, there are few systematic, longitudinal studies on population-based cohorts of children or adults. The natural history of SB across the life course of persons with this condition is not well documented. Earlier identification of comorbidities and secondary conditions could allow for earlier intervention that might enhance the developmental trajectory for children with SB.
• Cunniff, C., Soke, G. N., Harrington, R., Wu, Y. T., Christensen, D., Durkin, M., Gotschall, K., Pedersen, A., Meaney, F. J., Rice, S. A., Pettygrove, S. D., & Kurzius-Spencer, M. (2016). DSM criteria that best differentiate intellectual disability from autism spectrum disorder. Child Psychiatry & Human Development.
• Rice, S. A. (2016). Developmental Screening, Arizona Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatric Digest.
• Blackman, J. A., Rice, S. A., Matsumoto, J. A., Conaway, M. R., Elgin, K. M., Patrick, P. D., Farrell, W. J., Allaire, J. H., & Willson, D. F. (2015). Brain imaging as a predictor of early functional outcome following traumatic brain injury in children, adolescents, and young adults. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 18(6), 493-503.
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  A depth of lesion (DOL) model using brain imaging has been proposed to aid in medical decision-making and planning for rehabilitation resource needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the early prognostic value of a DOL classification system for children and young adults following severe traumatic brain injury.
• Liogier d'Ardhuy, X., Edgin, J. O., Bouis, C., de Sola, S., Goeldner, C., Kishnani, P., Nöldeke, J., Rice, S., Sacco, S., Squassante, L., Spiridigliozzi, G., Visootsak, J., Heller, J., & Khwaja, O. (2015). Assessment of Cognitive Scales to Examine Memory, Executive Function and Language in Individuals with Down Syndrome: Implications of a 6-month Observational Study. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 9, 300.
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  Down syndrome (DS) is the most commonly identifiable genetic form of intellectual disability. Individuals with DS have considerable deficits in intellectual functioning (i.e., low intellectual quotient, delayed learning and/or impaired language development) and adaptive behavior. Previous pharmacological studies in this population have been limited by a lack of appropriate endpoints that accurately measured change in cognitive and functional abilities. Therefore, the current longitudinal observational study assessed the suitability and reliability of existing cognitive scales to determine which tools would be the most effective in future interventional clinical studies. Subtests of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), and Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Preschool-2 (CELF-P-2), and the Observer Memory Questionnaire-Parent Form (OMQ-PF), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function®-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) and Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised were assessed. The results reported here have contributed to the optimization of trial design and endpoint selection for the Phase 2 study of a new selective negative allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor α5-subtype (Basmisanil), and can be applied to other studies in the DS population.
• Combs, D., Rice, S. A., & Kopp, L. M. (2014). Incidence of delirium in children with cancer. Pediatric blood & cancer, 61(11), 2094-5.
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  There are limited data on the incidence of delirium in children with cancer. We performed a retrospective chart review of all pediatric oncology admissions over a 1 year period to determine the incidence of delirium in this population. We identified seven patients with delirium (10% incidence). Delirium is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and is likely under-recognized in this population. Improved diagnosis and treatment of delirium may improve outcomes in children with cancer.
• Rice, S. A., Combs, D., & Kopp, L. M. (2014).

  Incidence of delirium in children with cancer: Delirium in Children With Cancer

  . Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 61(11), 2094-2095. doi:10.1002/pbc.25107
• Ghuman, J. K., Aman, M. G., Ghuman, H. S., Reichenbacher, T., Gelenberg, A., Wright, R., Rice, S., & Fort, C. (2009). Prospective, naturalistic, pilot study of open-label atomoxetine treatment in preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 19(2), 155-66.
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  The aim of this study was to report preliminary data regarding effectiveness and tolerability of atomoxetine in 3- to 5-year-old preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
• Ghuman, J. K., Aman, M. G., Lecavalier, L., Riddle, M. A., Gelenberg, A., Wright, R., Rice, S., Ghuman, H. S., & Fort, C. (2009). Randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study of methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in preschoolers with developmental disorders. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 19(4), 329-39.
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  The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of methylphenidate (MPH) to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in an understudied population of preschoolers with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) or intellectual disability (ID).
• Rice, S., Ghuman, J. K., Aman, M. G., Lecavalier, L., Riddle, M. A., Gelenberg, A., Wright, R., Ghuman, H. S., & Fort, C. (2009).

  Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study of Methylphenidate for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Preschoolers with Developmental Disorders

  . Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 19(4), 329-339. doi:10.1089/cap.2008.0137
• Rice, S. A., & Theodorou, A. A. (2007).

  Is the Silent Epidemic Keeping Patients Awake?

  . Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 03(04), 347-348. doi:10.5664/jcsm.26854
• Theodorou, A. A., & Rice, S. A. (2007). Is the silent epidemic keeping patients awake?. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 3(4), 347-8.
• Rice, S. A., Blackman, J. A., Braun, S., Linn, R. T., Granger, C. V., & Wagner, D. P. (2005). Rehabilitation of children with traumatic brain injury: descriptive analysis of a nationwide sample using the WeeFIM. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 86(4), 834-6.
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  To describe functional capability at admission and discharge of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rehabilitation settings.
• Rice, S. A., Allaire, J., Elgin, K., Farrell, W., Conaway, M., & Blackman, J. A. (2004). Effect of shortened length of stay on functional and educational outcome after pediatric rehabilitation. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 83(1), 27-32.
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  The purpose of this study was to assess changes in the length of stay and its effect on effectiveness and return to school in an inpatient pediatric rehabilitation unit during a 5-yr period from fiscal year 1997 through 2001.
• Wells, S. J., Rice, S. A., Friedman, A. D., & Barton, L. L. (1997). Pediatric morning report: an appraisal.. Clinical pediatrics, 36(10), 581-3. doi:10.1177/000992289703601005
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  We examined and contrasted morning reports at two hospitals, university and community, that have a pediatric residency program. Patient diagnoses assigned at morning report were compared with final diagnoses to assess disease categories discussed and the value of including outpatient follow-up in this educational forum. Data were obtained during morning reports for 6 months by chief residents at university and private community hospitals. Pertinent history, physical examination, and laboratory and radiologic findings were recorded and were assigned a tentative morning report diagnosis based on morning report discussion. Cases were then reviewed at discharge and at 6 months to determine final diagnoses. At the university hospital, 58% of the cases were undiagnosed before presentation at morning report. Of those cases, 23% were assigned a diagnosis at morning report that differed from the final diagnosis. Similarly, at the private community hospital, 28% of cases were undiagnosed before presentation at morning report. Of those cases, 73% were assigned a diagnosis that differed from the final diagnosis. We conclude that the provision of follow-up at morning report is important for maximizing resident education.
• Rice, S., Wright, A., & Wells, S. (1996).

  Changing Hospital Practices to Increase the Duration of Breastfeeding

  . Pediatrics, 97(5), 669-675. doi:10.1542/peds.97.5.669
• Villar, R. G., Rice, S. A., & Barton, L. L. (1996). Neonatal group B streptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis.. Pediatrics, 98(3 Pt 1), 459-61.
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  Neonatal osteomyelitis is an uncommon entity with major involvement of lower- and upper-extremity long bones. Vertebral osteomyelitis represents only 1% to 2% of such cases1,2 and may pose a diagnostic conundrum, with disastrous consequences if diagnosis and therapy are delayed. We report a neonate with the unique association of vertebral osteomyelitis and group B streptococcal infection. The dual medical and surgical approach to this disease, necessary for successful outcome, is described. CASE REPORT A 1-month-old boy was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of a posterior thoracic mass. He was born to a 25-year-old gravida 2, para 2 woman after a full-term pregnancy.
• Theodorou, A. A., Rieder, M. J., Rice, S. A., & Barton, L. L. (1995).

  Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-associated central nervous system disease.

  . The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 14(1), 76-8. doi:10.1097/00006454-199501000-00021
• Rice, S. A., Gartner, G. S., & Barton, L. L. (1993). Fever and skin lesions in a five-year-old boy.. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 12(10), 887-8, 891-2. doi:10.1097/00006454-199310000-00021

Presentations

• Kiela, P. R., West, J. J., Murray, M., Galindo, K., Mayate-Ortiz, L., Laubitz, D., Daines, M. O., & Rice, S. A. (2019, May). Assessing the Causes, Epidemiology and Under-diagnosis of Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) in Arizonans. 4th Annual ABRC Research Conference, Phoenix, AZ May 2, 2019. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona Biomedical Research Commission.
• Rice, S. A. (2016, June). Keynote. Chapel Haven West Graduation, University of Arizona.

Poster Presentations

• Rice, S. A., Daines, M. O., Kiela, P. R., & Mayate, L. (2021, February). Assessing the Causes, Epidemiology and Under-diagnosis of Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) in Arizonans. Arizona Biomedical Research Commission, Annual Research Conference. Phoenix, Arizona: ABRC.
• Parikh, C., Andrews, J. G., Rice, S. A., Mastergeorge, A., Pettygrove, S. D., & Kurzius-Spencer, M. (2017, April). Characterizing Health Disparities in the Age of Autism Diagnosis in a Study of 8-Year-Old Children. Society for Research on Child Development Biennial Meeting. Austin, Texas: Society for Research on Child Development.
• Parthasarathy, S., Combs, D. A., Morgan, W. J., Edgin, J. O., Archbold, K., Rice, S. A., Barber, B. J., Barber, B. J., Archbold, K., Rice, S. A., Edgin, J. O., Morgan, W. J., Combs, D. A., & Parthasarathy, S. (2015, May). Prevalence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children with Congenital Heart Disease. 2015 International meeting of the American Thoracic Society. Denver, CO.

Creative Productions

• Rice, S. A. (2016. Dietary supplement for autism, discussion of clinical trial, The Morning Blend. Tucson: KVOA.